Monitoring the Impact of Changes in Groundwater Quality Indicators in Western Karbala on Wheat Growth using Sentinel-2 Data
Monitoring the Impact of Changes in Groundwater Quality Indicators in Western Karbala on Wheat Growth using Sentinel-2 Data
Halla H. Ahmed, Aurass Muhi Taha Al-Waeli and Fadia W. Al-Azawi*
ABSTRACT
Groundwater in the last decade is used to study the possibility of wheat agriculture in the desertification of the west of Kerbala/Iraq. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes detected in the groundwater level which indicates the wheat growth for the period of the study. Sentinel-2 data can be used to monitor this change using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results of this study showed that there are significant differences in the NDVI values within wheat growth season in the ROI. Since the maximum significant increase in (March, February, January, and December), respectively. The results showed a very poor wheat yield within the seasonal growth progress; this is suitable with the groundwater nutrient growth by rains? While most of the east part from ROI classified as fair following by good, the last is the dominant in the march 2024. Also, there is three types of salinity stable ECw these are (Good, Fair, and Poor furthermore the Verypoor) class also appear only in the December 2023. There is a contrast in the groundwater salinity values. The effects of the groundwater salinity in the NDVI indices produce that R2 = 0.86, R2 = 0.85 in inverse relation. The negative effect to the salinity concentration in the wheat health in the ROI. The conclusion of this study is that the disappear of good class in the period (December 2023, and January 2024) respectively for SARw furthermore Poor class disappear in (February, March)/ 2024 respectively. SARw dominant for fair class with values in the (December 2023, (January, Ebrary, March)/ 2024) is (36.85%, 64.60%, 87.06%, 94.90%) from ROI respectively. The results indicated that most of the groundwater suitable in the irrigation region especially in wheat growth season.
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