Susceptibility Evaluation of Different Legume Seed Genotypes against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Susceptibility Evaluation of Different Legume Seed Genotypes against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Muhammad Faizan1, Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Waqar Hassan1*, Ghulam Sarwar2 and Moazzam Jamil3
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of three different legumes types namely cow pea (host variety), mung bean (BRM-028, BRM-102 and BRM-106) and chickpea (BWP-white, Sadiq-2021 and Bittle-21) against the seed weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under laboratory conditions. Biology of beetles was assessed in the form of growth index (GI) which showed maximum GI values in cowpea and mung bean varieties and least in chick pea genotypes and because of this cowpea and mung bean genotypes were classified in susceptible category and chickpea varieties were classified in resistant category. Percent weight loss by C. maculatus was maximum in cow pea and mung bean genotypes and least percent weight loss was recorded in chickpea genotypes. Maximum eggs were laid on mung bean varieties, one chickpea genotype (Bitttle-16) followed by in cowpea in descending order and least eggs were laid in two chickpea varieties (Sadiq-21 and BWP-white). Study of factors which could affect egg output of C. maculatus included seed coat color, texture and see size and among which beetles laid more eggs due to dark color of seeds while there was no strong effect of seed texture and seed size on egg output by C. maculatus. Study of other factors included seed hardness which was maximum in chickpea genotypes followed by cowpea in descending order and least seed hardness was in mung bean genotypes. Correlation of factors with growth index, percent weight loss and mature insect exit hole showed seed hardness was negatively correlated with growth index, percent weight loss and mature insect exit hole area. Percent weight loss was positively correlated with growth index and exit hole area of beetles. Study of factors affecting egg output, growth index, percent weight loss and overall susceptibility in different legume seed types indicate the importance of seed coat color and seed hardness which should be given due care in legume seeds breeding programs for resistance development in new varieties against pulse beetles.
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