Eco-Friendly Biocontrol of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Cowpea using Fresh Leaves and Flowers of Khella (Ammi majus)
Eco-Friendly Biocontrol of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Cowpea using Fresh Leaves and Flowers of Khella (Ammi majus)
Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef and Wafaa Mohamed Abd - El-Hameed El-Nagdi
ABSTRACT
Under in vitro conditions, aqueous extracts of Khella (Ammi majus) mashed fresh leaves and flowers at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 % were bioassayed against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J2s). The obtained results revealed that the tested extracts at 10% caused 100% nematode mortality at 72 h of exposure followed by the other concentrations with the percentages of net mortality ranging from 49 at the lowest concentration of mashed leaves to 100% at the highest concentration of mashed leaves and flowers. Under screen house conditions, the same plant parts of khella as residues at the rates of 5.0 and 10.0 g or their aqueous extracts at concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 % were treated to pots (5kg soil) planted to cowpea cv. Baladi infected with M.incognita. The greatest percentages of nematode reductions, 84.8 and 84.0% caused by mashed leaf and flower residues on cowpea at their highest rate (10g), respectively followed by other rates. In addition, the maximum percentages of nematode reductions, 78.2 and 86.1%, occurred at the highest concentration (10%) from the respective mashed leaf and flower extracts. Number of galls was reduced coinciding with the increasing the tested rates or concentrations. Consequently, plant growth and yield parameters increased coinciding with the tested rates for residues and concentrations for extracts of khella.
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