Etiology and Association of Congenital / Acquired Cataract, with Other Ocular Anomalies in Pakistani Population
Etiology and Association of Congenital / Acquired Cataract, with Other Ocular Anomalies in Pakistani Population
Neelam Saba and Saba Irshad*
ABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to check the etiology of congenital and acquired cataract and its association with other ocular anomalies in population of Punjab, Pakistan. Frequency of laterality and its association with consanguinity in congenital cataract cases was also studied. This study was conducted on 192 cases of congenital and acquired cataract presented at LRBT Hospital and Mughal Eye Hospital, Lahore (March 2016-September 2019). Children under 15 years of age (mean age=2.2 ± 1.03 years) and diagnosed with congenital or acquired cataract were included in the study. Among 192 cases of cataract 166 were of congenital and 26 were of acquired cataract during childhood. Among 166 congenital cases, 97(58.4%) cases were bilateral and 69 (41.6 %) were unilateral. Maximum number of cases of congenital cataract was observed in idiopathic group (40.96%) with unknown etiology. Among 61 (36.74%) inherited congenital cataract cases, 70.49 % cases were bilateral. In acquired cataract unilateral cataract was the predominating factor (88.5%). A significant correlation was observed between etiology and laterality (p=.023) of congenital cataract. Among 97 bilateral cases 67.01 % parents were cousins (p=.008). Most commonly observed anomalies associated with congenital cataract were leukocoria and strabismus, later showing 73.33% association with unilateral cataract. Study revealed that consanguineous marriages are a risk factor for bilateral congenital cataract. Late age of presentation of cataract cases to hospital complicates the situation.
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