Keith Ward
Science, Religion and Culture
...sophy is dead’, he announces on p. 13, even though the whole book is an exercise in scientifically informed philosophy). But there is something very odd about this. Nowhere in the book does he mention consciousness, value, or thought. In fact he finally gives the game away on p. 228 by saying, ‘we human beings ...are ourselves mere collections of fundamental particles’. That is a philosophical view if ever there was one! It is precisely what ...
Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case fatality rates. The main vectors preferably feed on livestock and breed in rice fields, and the majority of cases subsequently occur in rural areas. This review lists the risks of emergence of diseases due to the on-going urbanization, with especial focus on vector-borne diseases, particularly Japanese encephalitis. It is concluded, that although the mechanisms required for an extensive human to human transmis...
Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
...f supply greatly helps planners and policy makers to allocate and achieve production targets and in longer term planning. A study was conducted during 2009-10 with an objective to estimate the wheat yield response function in two agro-ecological zones in Punjab. The method of ordinary least square was used. Time series data for different explanatory variable (eco- nomic, location and climatic) from 1979-2009 relating to whea...
Ghazalah Yasmin1*, Mir Ajab Khan2, Nighat Shaheen3, Umbreen Javed Khan4
E-mail | ghazalahrizwan@yahoo.com
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...g light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that Aconogonon is characterized by tricolpate pollen with microspinulose type of exine ornamentation. One distinctive pollen type was recognized on the basis of aperture number and sculpturing of exine under SEM. Based on analyses in the present study, diagnostic keys to the three species were provided. ...
David Kyle Johnson
...y argued that testimony cannot justify belief in the miraculous (and thus also cannot justify religious belief), but I will argue that nothing can justify the belief that a miracle has occurred—not even seeing a miracle for oneself. To establish this, I will explore two shortcomings in Hume’s argument that motive the development of a new (correct) criterion regarding when belief in the miraculous is justified; I ...
Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ion tools for those who cannot read....
John Stinespring, Ryan T. Cragun*
...parameter values using biannual data from the 1973 to 2012 General Social Surveys (GSS). The parameter estimates from the first half of the GSS data series, 1973-1991, provide a good fit to the 1993-2012 data. Calibrating the model to the latter half of the data, 1993-2012, produces a forecast range of between 26% and 47% of the US population being nonreligious by the year 2042....
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
...tarts in childhood and channels individuals who are highly intelligent, critical, independent, and confident towards the academic world. Contrary to what some might think, it is not getting a Ph.D., which contributes to individual secularity; it is young secular individuals who are highly likely to commit themselves to an academic life....
Amanda Schutz
.... Without religion, one cannot develop a moral compass, raise decent and happy children, navigate tragedy, or cooperate effectively with others in society. Phil Zuckerman spends the remainder of the book refuting this claim. His goal is to explore “how secular people navigate their lives,” which is no small task. Throughout the book he discusses how secularists do in fact have morals, successfully raise children, deal with death and heartache, and ...
Rick Repetti
..., which asserts that we cannot claim authorship
over random neural events; and Galen Strawson’s impossibility argument, which asserts that choices are always conditioned by mental states, so unconditioned free will is impossible. Although Buddhism sees the entire process that begins with beliefs and desires and culminates in actions as an ultimately impersonal, agentless process, Buddhism is nonetheless capable of formulating the&nb...
over random neural events; and Galen Strawson’s impossibility argument, which asserts that choices are always conditioned by mental states, so unconditioned free will is impossible. Although Buddhism sees the entire process that begins with beliefs and desires and culminates in actions as an ultimately impersonal, agentless process, Buddhism is nonetheless capable of formulating the&nb...
Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman
E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com
...end in a dose-dependent manner, attaining maximum at 40 g.a.i ha-1 of Imidacloprid treatment at day 7 after treatment (DAT) followed by 3 and 15 DAT, respectively. On the contrary, the CAT activity was increased at lower concentrations of Imida- cloprid but showed a dose dependence decline at higher concentrations of the insecticide at all the observed growth stages, with maximum decrease under 40 g.a.i ha-1 at 15 DAT followed by 3 and 7 DAT respectively. Amon...
Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3
...istically analyzed and planned mean comparisons were carried out to explain significant differences. Seeding depth significantly affected all the studied parameters except sugar sucrose. Sugar beet planted at 2 cm depth showed highest germination process and gave better yield production. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (170.49 cm2), leaf area index (6.77), root length (35.50 cm) and root weight plant-1 (0.98 kg-1) were recorded in sugar beet planted at 2 cm dep...
Rick Repetti
...xisting superior beings cannot be harmed by not being created, and (b) if God must create superior beings, we wouldn’t be them. Setting aside whether God is justified in satisficing per se, I target one element of Adams’s satisficing theodicy, viz. (b), his “non-identity” thesis: we would not be the superior beings God could have created. I argue that this thesis is inconsistent with the theology informing Adams’s theodicy. That t...
Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*
...Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a non-conventional oil seed crop, can successfully be fit in the cropping system as spring or summer season crop. However, its planting in summer is at risk of the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on di...
Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman
... importantly effective planning and implementation of the vaccination programme. Sharing the experiences on the PPR control strategies adopted by some of the states in India may motivate other Indian states or other countries of similar socio-economic and small ruminant rearing pattern to vaccinate and control PPR....
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman
...omic losses based on the annual incidence, morbidity, mortality levels etc. derived from literature, discussion with experts, and based upon scientific facts. Different mathematical models were used to assess the losses due to mortality in young and adult sheep/goats, body weight loss in young and adult sheep/goats, milk loss, loss due to increased inter-lambing/kidding period, loss due to increased abortion, cost of high feeding and rearing inputs in young an...
Amitha Reena Gomes1, Belamaranahally Muniveerappa Veeregowda2, Sonnahallipura Munivenkatappa Byregowda1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan3*
...ruminant farming. Global announcement of PPR eradication by 2030 has opened lot of research gaps for the development of vaccines and diagnostics for differentiating infected and vaccinated animals. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, recombinant protein based vaccines and/or diagnostics are being tested in various heterologous systems across the globe for development of vaccines and/or diagnostic antigens. The recombinant viral proteins, virus like ...
Murad Ali Khan and Mohammad Akmal
...of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid Hysun-33 at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during spring 2011 and repeated in spring 2012. The planting geometries were (a) 70 x 20 cm with rows spaced at 70 cm and plants spaced within the rows at 20 cm and (b) 90 x 15.5 cm with rows spaced at 90 cm and plants spaced within rows at 15.5 cm. It is important to mention here that 70 cm is the recommended row spacing used for...
Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4
Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...tes was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The physical parameters such as weight and swelling degree of composite were studied. Chitosan starch based composites were used in treatment of waste water to remove a toxic anionic dye Congo red. Congo red solution (0.015 mM) was treated with polymer composite at neutral pH overnight with 150 rpm orbital shaking at room temperature. The same procedure was performed for commercial dyes. The dye was removed ...
Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar
...ed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level. Less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high RP level (RP100) in all hybrids. Higher P doses declined the sporulation and colonization. There was total seven AMF species that were observed and recorded....
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
.../i>, Stropharia rugosoannulata and Lecanicillium muscarium isolated from root and soil samples collected in Prague, Czech Republic, were cultured on agar media and tested against Meloidogyne hapla both in-vitro and in-vivo. All fungi proved to be efficient in reducing final population of northern root knot nematode M. hapla and giving vigour to the plants. In laboratory experiment, L. muscarium was the most effe...
Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
...akistan with an alarming annual increase in heroin addicts. The study was designed to identify the socio-demographic risk factors contributing to increasing susceptibility to heroin addiction in Pakistani populations. In this epidemiological study subjects were interviewed through a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of open and closed-ended questions. Data regarding key factors such as age and ethnicity, communal domain, education level, employment status...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3*
...re. The control region spanned 1571 bp, 1336 bp and 1332 bp in O. lacepedii, O. rebecca and
Determination of Early Colonizer Urban Blowfly Species Using Small Bait Traps on a University Campus
Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3
...o determine diversity (Shannon-Wiener [H’], Simpson Dominance [Sd], Simpson Diversity [S], Margalef Species Richness Indices, Pielou’s Evenness [EH], and Simpson Resiprocal Indices). Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia richardsi (Collin) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were identified. C. vicina was found in whole year in 2012 and 2015. All of the fly species identified have forensi...
Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi
...ess, 70) and diverse, (Shannon’s index=3.66), (Simpson-D=0.96), Evenness was also high (Evenness (H/S) =0.55) and Chao-1 (70.75). The Quadrate diversity Indices were applied to the data and Bootstrap replicates mean values of the following indices were recorded as Chao 2 (70.8), Jackknife 1 (72.9), Jackknife 2 (71.9) and Bootstrap (70.17). The study further indicated that the population of many endemic and commercially important fish species has declined...
Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...ul for N.barkeri, hence cannot be recommended in IPM module....
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
... rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium. In the laboratory experiment, S. rugosoannulata proved to be the most efficient biocontrol agent by parasitizing the maximum number of eggs, whereas D. oviparasitica appeared to be the least efficient after 72 hours. The greatest numbers of cysts and eggs were found to be colonized with L. muscarium during microscopic observations. In the greenhouse experim...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5
... than with modified Baermann trays. Maximum juveniles of S. feltiae emerged at 50 IJ dose followed by 100 IJ. The emergence of IJ decreased significantly at the dose of 200 IJ and then increased with 400 IJ dose. The minimum number of juveniles emerged at the dose of 200 IJ. The relationship between inoculation dose and emergence of IJ by using both methods was non-significant. Similarly, with an increase in inoculum dose and time, invasion of host was signifi...
Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2
...l activities of Capsicum annuum methanolic extracts. The extract of Capsicum annuum was prepared by maceration method and the total polyphenolic and flavonoids contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. The antiradical scavenging property and the maximum nontoxic concentration of the extract was determined using DPPH assay and MTT method, respectively. Serial concentrations of the extract not exceed the...
Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
Wenmin Cheng1,2*, Weirong Pan1,2, Yubo Qing1, Yingchao Liu1, Xingqin Zha1,2, Yan Huang2, Jige Xin1,2, Hongjiang Wei1 and Yangzhi Zeng2
...e efficiency of SCNT in Banna Mini-pig Inbred Line (BMI), we obtained the recombinant nucleoplasmin (Npm) by using a prokaryotic expression system and compared the difference on the developmental effects between exogenous Npm and its structural analog, polyglutamic acid (PGA). We chose the pMD18-T vector for Npm expression and transformed E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells to construct a prokaryotic expression system. The results showed that the recombinant Npm protein ...
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Khalid Javed Iqbal3, Ghulam Abbas4* and Syedah Andleeb5
.......
Atta ur Rehman1, Sher Ali2 and Sajid Malik2*
...htun populations, i.e., Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hangu, Karak, Kohat, Kurram Agency, Lakki Marwat, South Waziristan Agency, and Tank, was collected. Absolute gene diversity, gene differentiation and genetic diversity were estimated to be 0.01, 0.019 and 0.515, respectively. There were the highest affinities between the samples obtained from Lakki Marwat and Tank districts, whereas the least affinities were evident between Karak and South Waziristan Agency popu...
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...or parts of alimentary channel, with their weakly reaction to AB (pH 2.5), PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5). Moreover, these cells were not stained with AF and KOH/PAS. According to their affinities, goblet cells oriented in anterior and the mid intestine were mainly classified as acidic (AB-positive) and neutral (PAS-positive). Statistical analysis were confirmed that, the numbers of acidic and neutral cells of per unite square of epithelial area were significantly di...
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...or parts of alimentary channel, with their weakly reaction to AB (pH 2.5), PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5). Moreover, these cells were not stained with AF and KOH/PAS. According to their affinities, goblet cells oriented in anterior and the mid intestine were mainly classified as acidic (AB-positive) and neutral (PAS-positive). Statistical analysis were confirmed that, the numbers of acidic and neutral cells of per unite square of epithelial area were significantly di...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1
...stic models. The average annual landings of S. longiceps stocks were 38 353 t while the highest and lowest 65 050 t in 1994 and 26 937 t in 2009 was recorded correspondingly. The MSY was estimated using the initial proportion (IP) value of 1 because the starting catch was approximately 100% of the maximum catch. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA with the Fox model under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma were 25 860.07 t (R2 = 0.864),...
Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin
...emented in an efficient manner. Effectively implementation of agricultural schemes, formal education and in-formal education should be realized. During and after conducting the agricultural research, it is needed to recommend the farmers about the rate of inputs application i.e. seed, pesticide spray and NPK that are best suited to the local weather patterns and cropping systems....
Gökhan Kuş1,*, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Emre Comlekci3
...osis inducing ability by annexin V and JC-1 staining and ultrastructural alterations by transmission electron microscopy. Our data clearly shows that ceranib-2 is more effective than C2 ceramide in promoting apoptosis. The cytotoxic effects of these components cause ultrastructural changes in A549 cells.
...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
... collected from Sonari Channel, Hawksbay, Karachi and were brought to aquaculture laboratory of the Centre for 15 days acclimatization. After acclimatization, they were randomly distributed into the rectangular tanks (3 × 1.5 ×1.5 ft each). In each tank, 10 fish were stocked with three replications for each treatment. Four isonitrogenous diets containing different oils i.e., fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), olive oil (OO) and palm oil (PO) w...
Effect of Supplemented Algal Carotenoid Diets on Skin Color of Tomato Clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus
Muge Aliye Hekimoglu*, Kgrşat Fırat, Şahin Saka, Cüney Suzer, Aysun Kop and Yaşar Durmaz
...alyzes the effect of Nannochloropsis oculata and Porphyridium cruentum as natural pigment sources on skin color of tomato clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus. Two groups, each of 6 fish were fed on feed containing (69.8±9.158 mg.g-1) N. oculata (Group A), and 67.21±7.068 mg.g-1 of P. cruentum (Group B). The third group (Group C) was fed on control basal diet (34.93±29.07 mg.g-1...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
...ichness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as compared to the cultivated soil in all the localities, while low variability in evenness had been found. The highest diversity of soil inhabiting Mesostigmata (H’=1.93) was recorded in undisturbed soil in April at Dera Ghazi Khan locality and lowest diversity (H’=0.50) in cultivated soils in August at Gujranwala. The highest family richness (S=10) was reported in un...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
Muhammad Mohsin Javed*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Bushra Muneer and Muhammad Usman Ahmad
...pes jointed in U-shaped manner with a cation exchange membrane. The MFC constructed was subjected for the bioelectricity production by using vegetable waste extract as substrate. The power production was analyzed for three days. Maximum power density of 88990mW/m2 with a current density of 314.4mA/m2 was observed on the second day of process with minimum internal resistance comparatively i.e. 123.23Ω. The higher power density...
Mahanama De Zoysa1, Si-yun Ryu1, Hyeon-cheol Kim2 and Bae Keun Park1*
...phology with light and scanning electron microscopy.
...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
...otermes indicola Wasmann is among the most devastating species causing significant loss annually in South Asia. Feeding deterrence of H. indicola among 10 different woods species were evaluated in choice and no-choice assays conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Visual rating according to (AWPA, 1997) scale, mass loss, wood consumption per termite and mortality rate were determined to evaluate resistanc...
Faiz Muhammad,1, 2,*, Zhang Zhi-Feng,1, Shao Ming-Yu1 and Muhammad Shafi3
... shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA (RACE) and anchored PCR method. The full length of the (LvCypA) had 855 bp, containing 495 bp of open reading frame (ORF), encoding 164 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 17.6 kDa. The LvCypA has four β- strands. Tissue distribution of the LvCypA after real time analysis revealed that expression is in order of muscle, gill, lymphoid organ and he...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
Wali Khan*, Ghazal Mumtaz, Saima Bibi and Salma Afzal
...ic infection. Coriandrum annum (Coriander) was found highly contaminated 14.2% with parasitic infection while Zingiber officinale (Ginger) with least 1.78%. The vegetable collected from lower Dir were highly infected 41(73.2) than the upper Dir district 15(26.7). Based on the results of the present study it was suggested that vegetables are the possible source of transmission of intestinal parasites....
Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
... hysterophorus L.) is an annual, herbaceous invasive weed but it is perennial in Pakistan. Parthenium weed is a weed of a national significance in Pakistan. Although, parthenium weed is infesting many parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, but more affected regions are Peshawar valley and Hazara division where it has enormously invaded most of the open spaces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Field survey of distr...
Response of Spring and Autumn Sunflower to Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers for Yield and Quality Traits
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
...Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the major oilseed crops grown worldwide for the production of edible oils. In order to increase the oil production there is dire need to grow more sunflower by using the economical and environment friendly techniques. Present study was proposed to evaluate theresponse of spring and autumn sunflower to chemical and bio-fertilizers for yield and quality traits during 2014 at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,...
K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan
Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...;">Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual herb scarcely cultivated in Bangladesh. During cultivation, the coccinellid beetle,Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) severely attacked the foliages and florets in the capitulum (inflorescence). Other pests encountered were Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae),Homoeosoma sp. (Lepidoptera: Phyticidae),Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae...
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...ave been provided in the annexure of Insecticide Act. Quality control parameters set by CIB are inadequate for knowing potentiality of a bioagent. Apart from the counts of live propagules in the formulation, bioefficacy also should be taken as a quality parameter to ensure availability of better products to farmers. Keywords : Trichoderma, mass production, formulation quality control, registration delivery, shelf-life, disease management.
Madhuban Gopal, Rajesh Kumar and Arunava Goswami
Nano-pesticides - A recent approach for pest control
...ttering (DLS) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the nano-structure of nanopesticides. Nanoparticles of sulphur and hexaconazole thus characterized were estimated for the presence of active ingredient in the formulation adopting analytical techniques like Gas Chromatography / High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The bio-assay studies revealed many fold improved activity of nanopestici...
Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad
...eterious effect on ion channels anatomy and on the whole, pave ways to the genesis of cataract.
...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...f gonad. Therefore, OSR cannot be affected by sex ratio at least at the start of Spawning time (April) and may be influenced by other parameters.
...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8, Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...khwa (KPK), i.e. Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Kohat. For this purpose 360 stool samples were collected from the District Headquarter Hospitals of all the three districts and were screened through microscopy. Results yielded an overall prevalence of 11.11%, with significant difference (P<0.05) among different study areas. Prevalence was highest in district Bannu (11.66%), followed by district Lakki Marwat and Kohat with ...
Ahmad Ali1,*, Sheikh Muhammad Azam2, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Mujahid Kaleem3
... 2013 and second cub in Jannaury, 2014 of 173 days was observed due to congenital abnormality of liver. Parent tigress (Rani) was also died in May, 2014 due to respiratory failure and cardiac arrest and female cub died in 2005 due to canabalism.
...
Wu Yi-qun* and Xu Xiu
...ied with instantaneous-scanning method in the intersection area of the Yellow River, the Wei River and the Luo River located at the middle reaches of Yellow River basin of China. The results showed that standing accounts for 32.75 % of wintering behaviors for Great Bustard, followed by the feeding behavior (27.55 %) and walking behavior (16.69 %). Alert and lying behavior account for a small proportion – 8.45 % and 7.49 %, respectively; the rest behavior...
Dilshad Ahmad*, Muhammad Irfan Chani and Asad Afzal Humayon
...model. Sixty-seven years annual time series data from 1947-48 to 2013-14 was obtained to forecast major crops and per capita food availability for 21years from 2014-15 to 2034-2035. Findings of the study pointed out increasing trends; major crops area, production, and yield except the sugarcane crop as mentioned decreasing trend in sugarcane yield. Decreasing of sugarcane yield in forecasted period is reported to lack of potential use of resources in sugarcane...
Predicting Honey Production using Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network Algorithms in Apiculture
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1
...6, using instantaneous scanning and recorded 486 observations. Nineteen types of behaviour were observed which were classified into nine categories: resting, feeding, moving, excreting, parental behaviour, embellishing, rutting, vigilance and social behaviour. This study analyzed the time-allotment and behavioural rhythms for resting, feeding, moving, and excreting categories. The result showed that before 9:00 and after 18:00 hours, the Miluwere almost always...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
Ghulam Abbas1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Muhammad Sajid Tahir3, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3, Muhammad Tayyab1 and Maryam Javed1
... The present study was planned to investigate its molecular phylogeny and diversity analysisusing mitochondrial cytochrome b, cytochrome c and d-loop region. Samples werecollected from different localities. After DNA extraction and quantification, amplification of gene was done by polymerase chain reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally, aligned and single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Bioinformatics tools were a...
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Fatima Sellami3 and Muhammad Afzal1
...t diversity indices of Shannon-Weiner’s (1.65), Margalef’s (1.40) and Simpson’s (0.75).
...
Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*
...the area with an average annual income of Rs. 527,275/- per household. Results of paired t-test confirmed that beekeeping has significant effect on household income. On average of 2 family members per household were engaged in the beekeeping activity. It also provided multiple sources of employment mainly in honey transportation and marketing, thus beekeeping not only served as an income generating activity but also an employment generating activity in present...
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
...nd 328 were recorded in Bannu (Southeren Zone), Nowshara (Central Zone) and Mansehra (Northeren Zone), respectively. Fields with yellow rust incidence of 26% or higher than 26% were found maximum in the northeren zone (30%) which was followed by the central (6%) and southern zone (2%). Frequency of yellow rust severity of 5 (20-29% leaf area affected) to 9 (>75% of leaf area affected) was maximum in northeren zone (40%) which was followed by the central (10...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
... widely used marketing channel was producers selling their orchard to pre-harvest contractor who then harvest the orchard, pack the produce and transport it to the market where the produce is handed to wholesalers. Wholesalers then channel the produce to retailer from where the ultimately consumers buy the product. It was also observed that considerable marketing margins were taken by the marketing intermediaries in the citr...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
...stify;">This study was planned to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation on growth performance and immunity in broilers under natural summer stress. A total of one hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were divided into four different treatment groups such as Bet-0, Bet-1.0, Bet-1.5, Bet-2.0 having betaine supplementation at the rate of 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg feed, respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher weekly and total feed intake and we...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...ivity present work was planned to collect the preliminary information about habitat requirements and different breeding aspects of Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). The fieldwork was performed for two years (2012, 2013) at three different stations in the surrounding area of Faisalabad. Based on results it was concluded that Cattle egrets are colonial breeders and colonies were monospecific with no other ardeidae members nesting in the neighborhood. They pre...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
... rate of snakehead (Channa marulius) cultured in plastic tanks (42.5 liters water carrying capacity each). Fish juveniles (length: 10.63 ±0.980 cm, weight: 9.030±1.40g) were stocked after acclimatization. A total of 3 treatments were tested following 2 replications i.e. first treatment (T1, Squid feed), second treatment (T2, Tubifex feed) and third treatment (T3, pellet feed). Juveniles were fed with 5% of ...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...els were compared using Mann Whitney U test. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association of cobalamin with fasting blood sugar level after adjusting for gestational age and gravidity. ROC curve analysis was conducted to assess the suitability cobalamin as a predictive biomarker for GDM. Median cobalamin were significantly reduced in cases (108.95±92 pg/mL) as compared to controls (173±90 pg/mL) at p<0.001. Low vitamin B1...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...niae, E. cloacae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, were isolated and identified using VITEK 2 compact system. Carbapenamase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production by these isolates was confirmed by modified Hodge’s test and disc potentiation method, respectively. The blaNDM-1genewas amplified by PCR and sequenced. MIC of different antibiotics were determined by VITEK 2 system and antibacterial activity, MIC and MBC of m...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
...pounds. This study was planned to check the efficacy of four different essential oils (neem oil, lemon oil, eucalyptus oil and orange oil) at different doses against percent mortality of Varroa mites. The essential oils were applied at two different doses (2.5ml and 5ml) and percent mortality data was recorded after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of the application. As seen from results, all essential oils gave satisfactory control of Varroa mites except or...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...basis, R. (Boophilus) annulatus, R. (Boophilus) microplus, Heamaphysalis aciculifer, R. appendiculatus, and R. decoloratus were noted 41.67, 18.42, 9.83, 8.25, and 6.83% respectively, whereas least prevalence was noted as 0.42% in case of A. pomposum and D. circumguttatus; 0.25% each was shown by D. rhinocerinus, Heam. Excavatum, and H. impeltatum; 0.17%exhibited by Heam. Houyi and R. distinctus; a...
Habibun Nabi1, Saher Islam2, Amna Arshad Bajwa2, Imran Rashid1,*, Haroon Akbar1, Wasim Shehzad2, Kamran Ashraf1, Nisar Ahmad1 and Aneela Durrani3
...5 fragments of SAG2 were annotated and analyzed using DNASTAR Lasergene. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, and on the basis of restriction map of HhaI and Sau3AI, our 3 isolates of T. gondii were found more closely linked to a typical strain. This is the first genetic analysis of T. gondii in Pakistan. In order to develop our knowledge about the toxoplasmosis epidemiology, further genotype analyses of T. gon...
Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3*
...ailed investigation is planned using multiple doses, chitosan nanoparticle conjugated aptamer inline with the previous report on RNV66, and an approved VEGF inhibitor Avastin. Overall, the findings highlight that VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc can also serve as a potential anti-angiogenic molecule. ...
Dr. Moazzam Baig Mirza
...ritically care facility cannot be denied in any good hospital. May it be a District General hospital or an Academic teaching hospital in a public or private sector? It is a challenging and life saving facility.
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Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
...termes indicola (Wasmann) is known to cause considerable damage to wood work in buildings. Efficacy of extracts of Foeniculum vulgare and Ocimum basilicum was studied against this termite. Chemical composition of plant extracts by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed five different compounds in F. vulgare: Piperidine, 3-isopropyl, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,3,3-trimethyl, Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy, Estragole, 11-Octadecen...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Khalid Mahmood1,* and Muhammad Akhtar1
...aphus namadicus is spanning from about 3.4 to 0.6 Ma in the Siwalik Group. The Pleistocene species, Boselaphus cf. namadicus, was adapted to open and dry habitats of the Siwaliks.
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