Evaluation of Toxicity of Ethanolic Extracts of Piper guineense and Capsicum annum on Dermestid Beetle, Demestes maculatus (DeGeer 1774), a Pest on Dried Catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Evaluation of Toxicity of Ethanolic Extracts of Piper guineense and Capsicum annum on Dermestid Beetle, Demestes maculatus (DeGeer 1774), a Pest on Dried Catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Felicia NkechiEkeh*, Ifeanyi Oscar Ndimkaoha Aguzie, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu and ChukwudiebubeUgolo
ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of Piper guineense and Capsicum annum in prevention of Dermestes maculatus infestation on sundried catfish, Clarias gariepinus was studied. Ethanolic extracts of P. guineense and C. annum fruits were prepared using Soxhlet extractor. In a split-plot design comprising the two extracts in different concentrations, a total of 63 sundried adult C. gariepinus of mean weight 111.47 ± 2.34g were randomized into three treatment groups A – C for each extract and a control D. The treatment groups were in triplicates with each containing three catfish. The groups contained fish infested with 20 larvae, 20 adults and eggs of D. maculatus. Groups A – C were exposed to 8, 12 and 15% ( w/w) of extract per kilogram of fish respectively. Observation for mortality and larval emergence was made every 3 days and cumulative taking at the end of 28 days. Mortality of adult D. maculatus was higher in 8, 12 and 15% (w/w) of P. guineense and 15% (w/w) of C. annum than control. Both extracts significantly enhanced D. maculatus larval and adult mortality (p < 0.05). Larval emergence in 8, 12 and 15% (w/w) of P. guineense and C. annum were significantly reduced than in the control (p < 0.05). The three concentrations of P. guineense and 15% (w/w) of C. annum lowered weight loss of the fish significantly (p < 0.05). Ethanolic extracts of P. guineense and C. annum were moderately effective in protection of dried catfish, C. gariepinus against D. maculatus infestation.
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August 2018
Vol. 50, Iss. 4, Pages 1199-1600
