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Aptamers as an Emerging Player in Biology

Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*

...marker discovery, drug delivery, bio-imaging and molecular therapy. In this review we have summarized recent advancements and applications of aptamers in biology.

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Effectiveness of Grain Based Bait as Carrier of Strychnine Alkaloid for the Control of Indian Crested Porcupine, Hystrix indica

Muhammad Mushtaq

E-mail | [email protected]

...h; maize grain bait in delivering the lethal amount of strychnine alkaloid in controlling the Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica, during 2006-07. Indian crested porcupine is a severe forest and agricultural pest throughout southern Asia and the Middle East, including Pakistan. The results suggested that in case of pre-baiting trial, a 25% reduction in burrow activity was achieved in case of groundnut – maize (1:1) grain bait loaded with 2% strychni...
Clinical Overview of Hepatitis C Patients with Terminal Renal Disease

Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2

 

...rld. HCV induces chronic liver disease, which is characterized by a persistent hepatic parenchyma inflammatory process that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Viral clearance occurs in a minority of patients with viral hepatitis C, whereas chronic infection is established in 60 to 80% of all cases, 20 to 40% of which may evolve to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Genetic differences among infected hosts can determine the progression and outcome of th...
Analysis of Farmers Perception of the Accountability of Agricultural Extension Services in Oyo State, Nigeria

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2

...ural extension service delivery emphasize the need for accountability of extension to the end users. This study analysed farmers’ perception of the accountability of agricultural extension services rendered in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used in eliciting information from 195 farmers in rural communities across the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study w...
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus among HIV Infected Individuals in Ogbomoso, South-western Nigeria

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...duals usually leading to liver cirrhosis. Individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus have a greater risk to the virus due to their impaired immunity. The study was carried out to determine the sero- prevalence of Hepatitis E among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ogbomoso. The blood sample of consented two hundred and seventy five (275) subjects were obtained and their sera were screened for antibodies to HEV using Enzyme Linked Imm...
Factors Affecting PPRV in African Countries and their Countermeasures

Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2

...nes and the problem of delivery to maintain cold chain, there is need for a very strong regional coordination for effective and sustainable control of PPR in Africa. The African continent is currently divided into 57 countries (or independent territories), many of which rely heavily on livestock for fuel, motor power and sustenance with many also endemic to the disease. PPRV continues to decimate the small ruminant populations across much of the African countr...
Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Minerals in Poultry Eggs and Meat Produced in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

 Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid

 
...sent study revealed that liver contains significantly higher concentration of lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) as compared to thigh and breast muscle. The level of Pb in liver and Cd and Cr in liver, thigh and breast in district I , the level of Pb in liver and level of Cr in liver
Thermal Physiology and Bioenergetics in Ambient or Seasonal Acclimatization in Apodemus chevrieri

Wan-Long Zhu* and Gao Wenrong 

...and COX activity both in liver and brown adipose tissue, suggesting that A. chevrieri was more sensitive to cold than that of photoperiod. Together, these data suggested that A. chevrieri mainly depend on increasing thermogenic capacity to cope with cold or winter condition.

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Bax and CD68 Expression in Response to Liver Injury Induced by Acetaminophen: The Hepatoprotective Role of Thymoquinone and Curcumin

Laila M. Fadda1, Nouf M. Al-Rasheed1, Iman H. Hasan1, Hanaa M. Ali2,3*, Nawal M. Al-Rasheed1,4, Musaed Al-Fayez5, Aly M. Ahmed5, Nada Almutlaq1, Nehal Qasem1 and Reem Khalaf1

...ione (GSH) which lead to liver dysfunction and hence hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the best antidote for APAP but may induce a variety of side effects. This study was designed to compare the potential impact of NAC with that of Thymoquinone (THQ), and/or Curcumin (CUR) either alone or in combination on liver injury induced by inflammation, oxidative stress in response to APAP toxicity in rats. Serum aminotransfer...
Determination of Early Colonizer Urban Blowfly Species Using Small Bait Traps on a University Campus

Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3

 

 

...s in Ankara. Eight small liver bait traps were used for catching flies. Chicken liver was used in the study to attract blowflies. Eggs and larvae of the flies that oviposited on the liver were raised and identified. Six different indices were used to determine diversity (Shannon-Wiener [H’], Simpson Dominance [Sd], Simpson Diversity [S], Margalef Species Richness Indices, Pielou&rsqu...
Effects of Aluminium Phosphide on the Behaviour, Haematology, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Biochemistry of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juvenile

G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2

... The results on gill and liver tissues sampled showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.005) in the values of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Similarly, aluminium phosphide enhanced levels of AST, ALT and ALP as both concentration and time dependent in elevation were recorded when compared to the c...
Evidence of Clinicopathological Changes during Equine Leptospirosis
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...which indicate renal and liver damage. Concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu and zinc in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), indicating tubular damage in kidneys. 
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Assessment of Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Black Fin Sea Bream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775) Reared in Brackish Water Ponds: A Preliminary Investigation
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
.... The moister content of liver, muscle, viscera and whole body were not significantly different in control and treated ponds. These results concluded that feed including 42% protein and 20% lipid are best for culture of black-fin sea bream A. berda (body weight 8.5 to 235 g) in brackish water earthen ponds.
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Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Wap65 Gene from the Crucian Carp
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
... was mainly expressed in liver, with limited expression observed in intestine, skeletal muscle and kidney. CcWap65 was significantly up-regulated in the liver of crucian carp after heat stress, suggesting that increase in Wap65 gene may be related to high water temperature stress and play important roles in high water temperature environment of crucian carp.
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Wide Prevalence of Critically Important Antibiotic Resistance in Egyptian Quail Farms with Mixed Infections

 Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy

...ed mainly from heart and liver. The recovered E.coli, S.aureus and P. haemolytica isolates recovered from mixed infection cases showed (57.1-100%) resistance to highly important antibiotic group (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Trimethoprim sulfa methoxazole and Chloramphenicol) and showed dissimilar pattern of resistance to critical important antibiotic group. Salmonella isolates showed antibiotic resistance to Nalidixic acid (100%) and Nitrofurantoin (42.9%). Str...
Cesarean Sections through Flank Incision in Exotic Cattle Breed

Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan

...ibiotics, analgesics and liver tonics during the first week post-surgery. Local antiseptic dressing was performed using povidone-iodine daily for one week and skin sutures were removed at 14 day post-operation.

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Potential Recruiting and Hepatoprotective Effects of Ellagic Acid in D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Damage in Rats
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...) on the toxicity of the liver induced by D-Galactosamine (D-GaIN) in rats. With this in mind, the rats were categorized into five groups. The study groups were given saline, 0.2 % dimethyl sulfoxide, D-GaIN, EA plus D-GaIN and D-GaIN plus EA, respectively. In the group given D-GaIN, the following transmission electron microscopic and light microscopic results were found: degenerative changes in the liver tissue, significant...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
... control, registration delivery, shelf-life, disease management.
 

 

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Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das

Population proliferation and spread of Trichoderma spp. in soil under two different delivery systems
...following two types of delivery systems, through organic based (vermicompost + neem cake (90% + 10% w/w)) and seed based (sterilized wheat seed) inocula. The population proliferation and spread of the antagonists were faster when they were applied through organic based inoculums over that of seed based inoculums from the point of application. Similarly population proliferation and spread of the antagonist was more rapid in sterilized soil followed by solarised...
Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Immune and Non Immune Broilers after Inoculation of Field Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
... changes by damaging the liver and kidney tissues with histopathological effect on lymphoid organs of chicken.
...
Physiological Responses to Fasting and Refeeding in Apodemus chevrieri from Hengduan Mountain Region
Hai-Ji Zhang1, Di Zhang2, Dong-Min Hou1 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
... 7 days. RMR and mass of liver decreased significantly in fasting groups, which can return to the control level after refeeding. Fasting for 12 h decreased serum leptin levels, and leptin levels can not recover to the control level after refeeding. Interestingly, there were no post-fasting compensatory increases in food intake. All of the results indicated that A. chevrieri can adjust their physiological functions to cope with food shortage, mainly by d...
Genomic Analysis of Glutathione S-transferases (GST) Family in Common Carp: Identification, Phylogeny and Expression
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...kidney, intestine, gill, liver, skin, blood and muscle of common carp. Expression profiles provided us more evidences to understand GST gene functions as well as their functional evolution post duplication. Overall, the whole set of GST genes provide essential genomic resources for future biochemical, toxicological and physiological studies in common carp.
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Breeding and Mortality of Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris Linnaeus 1758) at Bahawalpur Zoo, Punjab, Pakistan
Ahmad Ali1,*, Sheikh Muhammad Azam2, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Mujahid Kaleem3
...ongenital abnormality of liver. Parent tigress (Rani) was also died in May, 2014 due to respiratory failure and cardiac arrest and female cub died in 2005 due to canabalism.
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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Punjab Province of Pakistan
Nasar Khan1,2, Fahad Ali3,7, Sulaiman Bahadar5,*, Khalil ur Rahman3, Abdul Aziz3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Daud6, Azam Hayat5 and Mujaddad ur Rehman5
...tocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. A total of 659 HBsAg ELISA positive patients out of 16825 patients during July to October, 2013 were screened for HBV by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 659, 522 (79.21%) were found positive for HBV, of which 318 (over all 4.4%) were male, while 341 (over all 3.55%) were female. The HBV PCR positivity rate was 80.18% (n=255) in males and 78.30% (n=267) in females patients. Among different age groups HBV PCR...
Sexual Dimorphism of Internal Organ Mass in Bufo gargarizans gargarizans from Summer Population
Jianping Gou, Jianli Xiong*, Baoxia Dong, Zhennan Liu and Manman Hou
...pared to males; however, liver and fat bodies did not differ between the sexes. The sex difference of these organs may contribute to different energy requirements for reproduction between males and females. Our findings suggest that female toads invest considerable resources into gamete production compared to males, and greater internal organs in females are a consequences of high energy requirements for reproduction, which favors females to produce more high-...
Bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn in Schizothorax plagiostomus and Mastacembelus armatus from River Swat, River Panjkora and River Barandu in Malakand Division, Pakistan
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3 
...idneys > muscles > liver > gills > skin while for Zn the order was skin > kidneys > liver > gills > muscles.
...
Outbreaks of PPR-FMD among Sheep and Goats in Hail, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3

...is, hemorrhages in lung, liver, abomasum, small and large intestine. PPRV NP was detected in sheep (n=20) and goats (n=18), anti-PPRV NP was also detected among sheep and goats (n=162) by ELISA, 3ABC-FMD enzyme immunoassay were positive (n=6) when ovine sera were tested. The study revealed that PPR-FMD viruses were circulating in the region and warrants proper control measures. 
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Comparative Anticoccidial Effect of some Natural Products against Eimeria spp. Infection on Performance Traits, Intestinal Lesion and Occyte Number in Broiler
Alaeldein M. Abudabos1,*, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Elsayeid O. Swilam1 and Mu’ath Q. Al-Ghadi3
...l intestines and heavier liver as compared to unchallenged birds. Lesion score and oocysts secretion increased significantly in the challenged birds, however, Elancoban had no significant difference with the natural products. It was concluded from the present study that natural products could be effective in comparison with anticoccidial drug to control coccidiosis in broiler chicken. 
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Transovarian Transmission of Hydropericardium Syndrome Virus in Experimentally Infected Poultry Birds

Rabia Tahir1*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-u-Rehman Khan2, Farah Khan1, Hassan Bin Aslam1 and Arslan Mehboob3 

...route. For this purpose, liver and spleen samples (n=90) were collected from day-old-chicks derived from breeders at 14, 21 and 30 days of post-infection with AAV-4. The presence of AAV-4 DNA was detected through PCR. Chicks from virus-challenged breeders failed to show a clear and expected PCR positivity. The connotations derived from these findings are that vertical transmission via transovarian route is reported the field conditions. However, based on genet...
Optimization of Different Parameters for Transformation of Elite Maize Inbred Lines

Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali* 

...bacterium strains that deliver T-DNA into plant cell from which whole plant can be regenerated. The results indicated that optimal embryo physiological age is 15 and 18 days after pollination and transient transformation efficiency decreased at 22 days after pollination. Enhanced transient beta glucuronidase (GUS) expression with average frequency of 40.56% was noticed with three days of co-cultivation period while two days of co-cultivation period resulted 24...
Effect of Resveratrol on Fatty Acid Compositons and Lipophilic Vitamins of Fructose Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Mehmet Guvenc1,*, Ayşe Nilay Guvenc3, Ökkeş Yılmaz2 and Mehmet Tuzcu2
...ct of resveratrol on the liver of rats induced by fructose was investigated. Adult male Winstarrats were randomly divided into four groups; control, resveratrol, fructose, and resveratrol plus fructose. Resveratrol was administered 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Fructose (10% w/v) was administered with drinking water for 56 days every alternate day. Fructose administration increased the hepatic omega-6/omega-3 and 16:1 n7 / 16:0 ratios (p<0.001, p<0.001), b...
Assessment of Heavy Metals and Antioxidant Enzyme in Different Organs of Fish from Farm, Hatchery and Indus River of Pakistan

 Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1

... in vital organs (gills, liver and kidney) of fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The 3 different representative water samples and 60 fish samples (20 fish from each site) were collected from three sites i.e. fish-farm, hatchery and Indus River of Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed differences in physico-chemical parameters of water samples collected from all the sites. The concentrations of Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) were higher in river water...
Cloning, Expression and Molecular Characterization of Glutathione Transferase P1-1 Gene from the Camel, Camelus dromedarius
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
...amel testis, followed by liver, spleen, kidney and lung. CdGSTP1-1 was heterologously expressed in Eschericia coli BL21(DE3) as a ~24 kDa soluble protein and showed to be catalyticly active towards the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The results of the present study provide new information into camelid evolution and give further insights into the diversity and complex enzymatic functions of GST superfamily.
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Purification and Bioactivity of Placental Lactogen from Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2 
...ral tissues like kidney, liver, muscle and lungs was also observed, as compared to control subjects. It was also recorded that the exogenous supply of bubaline PL reduces fat cells in the hypodermal layer of skin.
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Peroxidase Activity in Liver and Kidney of Labeo rohita exposed to Zinc Chloride
Toshina Mushtaq, Muhammad Javed and Sidra Abbas*
...cantly increased both in liver and kidney after ZnCl2 treatments. Statistically significant increase in the liver and kidney peroxidase activity of 96-h LC50 exposed fish were found as 0.621±0.004UmL-1 and 0.219±0.002UmL-1, respectively as compared to the control fish liver (0.123±0.002UmL-1) and kidney (0.056&plus...
Comparative Study on BPI Gene Expression in Various Tissues between Rongchang Pig and Landrace
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...were expressed in normal liver, heart, lung, kidney, spleen and small intestine. The results showed that: The expression level of BPI in lung of Rongchang pig was relatively higher level compared to that in heart, liver, kidney, spleen and small intestine. The expression level of BPI in liver of Landrace was relatively higher level compared to that in heart, lung, kidney, spleen and small ...
Effect of Mannan-oligosaccharide Supplementation on Body Growth, Fatty Acid Profile and Organ Morphology of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata
Serap Gelibolu1,*, Yasemen Yanar2, M. Ayce Genc3 and Ercument Genc4
...rgans, intestine and the liver. Taken together, it is plausible to state that a diet supplemented with MOS has positive effects on the survival rate and the fatty acids profile without any observable negative impact on body tissues and thus support the safe use of MOS in fish feed.
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Maternal Mortality in Eclampsia after Cesarean Section versus Vaginal Delivery
Ghazala Saeed1, Rabia Wajid1* and Ayesha Yousaf Dar2
...section versus vaginal delivery among eclampsiapatients.It is a descriptive case series conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Willingdon Hospital, from December 2014 to June 2015. In our study, 62.86 % (n=88) patients were between18-25 years of age and 37.14 % (n=52) were between 26-35 years of age. The mean+SD was calculated as 25.12+4.53 years. Frequency ofvaginal delivery in patients with eclampsia wa...
Effect of Iron Chloride on Peroxidase Activity in Kidney and Liver of Labeo rohita
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...s viz. kidney and liver were isolated and the peroxidase enzyme activity was analyzed. Activity of peroxidase was assessed by measuring the conversion of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol, spectrophotometrically, at a wavelength of 470 nm. The peroxidase activity was measured in the selected organs exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations of iron chloride. The results revealed that peroxidase activity was increased significantly in both kidney and
Comparative Morphology and Anatomy of Two Sympatric Mongoose Species (Herpestes javanicus and H. edwardsii) from Potohar Plateau
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...rameters, among females, liver weight and heart length of the two species differed significantly (p < 0.05). Among males, significant differences were found between heart length (p < .001), weight of large intestine, stomach, liver and lungs, and weight of right and left testes (p < 0.05) of the two mongoose species. Other anatomical variables of the two species differed non-significantly (p > 0.05).
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Level of Awareness of Hepatitis C Among Primary Grade: A School Health Intervention

Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2 

... 91%), signs (effects on liver 92.9%), symptoms (88%), prevention in high prevalent areas (sterilized syringes and screened blood transfusion 86.5%) and management (88.7%). This study showed that it may be an important school health based intervention to educate students about the transmission, prevention and management of hepatitis C, which may help in declining the disease burden. Hepatitis C, Unsterilized syringes, Hepatitis C Awareness, Prevention of Hepat...
Safety Profile for Evaluation of Berberine in Sprague- Dawley Rats: Effects on Renal, Liver and Myelopoietic Functions

Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3 

...of berberine toxicity on liver enzymes, renal function, serum uric acid and blood cell counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) was supplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platel...
First Experience of Implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care in Punjab- Pakistan to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in Preterm Infants

Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail3 

...onths, total number of deliveries was 6459, out of them spontaneous vaginal deliveries were 52.2% (3372) and caesarean sections were 47.7% (3087). In 55.4%neonate’s(both preterm and term)early essential newborn care was practiced.Total preterm were 290 (4.5%), out of them 121 (2%) neonates were kept in Kangaroo Mother Care position and 129 (44%) were shifted to neonatal intensive care unit. 14% parents refused for KMC ...
Effects of Maternal food Insecurity on Birth Weight of Neonates: A Prospective Cohort

Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed 

...ort was followed until delivery, and birth weight was recorded. Follow up could be completed for 50 women only and response rate was 49%. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and relative risk and multinomial logistic Regression were applied using SPSS version 22. Mean maternal age was 28.100+4.824 years, mean education was 12.400+2.138 years, mean BMI was 29.420+5.075 and mean household income was PKR 25641+16251.543. With these characteristics, the mean b...
Frequency of Anemia and Obstetric Outcome in Young Primigravida

Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid 

...me in terms of preterm delivery, low birth weight and rate of caesarean section in young Primigravida. It was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of Gynae & Obstetric unit 5 King Edward Medical University Lahore during a period of one year from May2013 April 2014. All primigravida young 15-24years with anemia enrolled for the study. Anemia is defined as hemoglobin<10.5g/dl (WHO Criteria), Iron deficiency Anemia is defined as serum ferri...
Oxidative Stress Biomarker in Assessing the Lead Induced Toxicity in Commercially Important Fish, Labeo rohita
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...enzyme) in the gills and liver of Labeo rohita. Experiment was conducted in the laboratory by exposing four groups of Labeo rohita to different doses of PbCl2 viz. 96-h, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50, separately, for 30 days and compared with control group. After 30 days, fish was sacrificed and their gills and liver isolated to determine the effect...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...utting emphasis on the delivery of demand-based services through their active involvement. This improved situation regarding availability of agricultural inputs and good decision making may result in active participation by farmers in farm related activities. The present paper focuses on farmers' participation in various activities of MFSCs as influenced by their socio-economic characteristics. The target population of current study consisted of the member far...
Therapeutic Effect of Guava Fruit Extract on Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Developing Mus musculus
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...dium and necrosis of the liver. Skeleton analysis of cadmium treated groups showed mostly un-ossified skeletons. The control mice showed normal ossification as compared to experimental groups. Morphological, histological and skeletal studies of fetuses treated cadmium chloride along with guava fruit extract revealed ameliorative effects on various kinds of birth defects. It is concluded based on this current study that guava fruit extract exerted a therapeutic...
Effects of Natamycin on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Capacity in Broiler Chickens
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
...londialdehyde content of liver in T1 group was lower than that of CON group. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 10 mg/kg natamycin had a positive influence in broilers.
...
Effect of Organic Selenium Supplementation in Diet on Gastrointestinal Tract Performance and Meat Quality of Goat
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
...red to A. The weights of liver, heart, kidney and spleen were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the groups, however, the lung weight increased in B (1.15 ± 0.04 vs 0.99 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) compared to A. Digestibility trails revealed that utilization of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) increased (P < 0.05) by 13.71, 12.02 and 4.78% at week 3 and by 11.11, 11.8 and 3.46 % at week 6 in B compared to A. Am...
Differential Regulation of Hsp70 Expression in Six Lizard Species under Normal and High Environmental Temperatures
Wei Dang1, Ning Xu1, Wen Zhang1, Jing Gao2, Handong Fan1 and Hongliang Lu 1,*
...igher in the muscles. In liver, Hsp70 expression significantly increased after 38°C heat shock. We then collected other three lizard species, Plestiodon chinensis, Sphenomorphus indicus, and Scincella modesta, from geographical locations near each other, but with different microhabitats. We observed considerable variation in Hsp70 expression; the constitutive Hsp70 expression varied between org...
Voluntarism: A Way Forward for Health Care Delivery in Developing World
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
Protection Against Cadmium-Induced Abnormalities and Hepatotoxicity in ovo by Allium sativum
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...oes, non-alcoholic fatty liver and pyknosis. Fresh garlic juice has successfully attenuated these toxicities and increased the body weight, crown rump length. Results of present study determine that garlic is a potential antidote to ameliorate the cadmium induced teratogenic and hepatotoxic defects in developing Gallus domesticus.
...
The Influence of Intravenous Lipopolysaccharide Injection on TLR4 Transcription Levels in Duck (Anas domestica) Liver, Spleen and Bursa of Fabricius
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...scription levels in duck liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were examined after a model for immune stress was implemented through LPS injection in Peking ducks. The results from this assay suggested that LPS injection significantly increased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05), along with an increase in the concentrations of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the serum of...
A Review about Perspectives of Nanotechnology in Agriculture

Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan4 

...grochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield in agriculture. One of the major contribution of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture is the formulation of nano based pesticides and fertilizers for increased crop production. Precise farming techniques can promote crop production without damaging soil and water, reducing losses due to leaching...
Comparative Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Behavior and Catalase Activity in Cirrhina mrigala Exposed to Fe+Ni+Pb+Zn Mixture
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...and catalase activity in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish were also studied. The mean 96 h LC50 and lethal value for C. mrigala was determined as 47.56±0.04 and 93.89±0.07 mgL-1, respectively. The selected concentration of Fe+Ni+Pb+Zn concentrations showed strong and direct relationship with, fin movement followed by mucous secretion, hyperactivity and swimming rate for C. mrigala with R2...
Salvia Miltiorrhiza Reinstates Growth Plate Width, Reduces Liver Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Avian Tibial Dyschondroplasia
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,* 
...) on growth plate width, liver oxidative stress and toxicity in avian TD. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks were equally distributed into three groups: Control, Thiram (50 mg/kg/d) and SM (10 mg/kg/d) treated. Results showed that thiram caused lameness, decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the serum along with decrease in level of antioxidant enzymes...
Effect of Short-Term Starvation on Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Enzymes and Endogenous Reserves of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Tayfun Karataş
..., endogenous reserves in liver and muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight-days of fasting caused a significant decrease in glucose, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels as well as protein and lipid reserves in liver and muscle tissue of fish (p<0.05). The fasting period had no significant effect on the hepatic thiobarbituric acid...
The Effect of Different Preparation Methods on the Flavor of Farmed Takifugu obscurus
Zhuanxia Chen1, Ningping Tao1,*, Xiao Qin1 and Dayong Liu2
... the tastes of the meat, liver and soup through different preparatory procedures which were used in traditional. The taste of Takifugu obscurus under different conditions were analyzed by sensory evaluation and electronic tongue technique. The characteristic of the taste substances were tested, such as free amino acids, nucleotides, trimethylamine oxide and betaine. Results showed that umami was the most prominent flavor. Compared with
Frequency of Postpartum Haemorrhage after Administration of Per-Rectal Misoprostol in Females Undergoing Vaginal Delivery
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...ergoing normal vaginal delivery. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 02-09-2014 to 03-03-2015. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal misoprostol were enrolled with 95% confidence interval (C.I). The error margin was 5% and the prevalenc...
Effect of Supplementation of Mannan-Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance, Viscera Development, Mineral Absorption and Caecal Microbiota of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Habib Rehman2, Ali Hussain3,*, Faiza Jabeen4, Ijaz Ahmad2, Kamran Ashraf5, Muhammad Irshad Arshad6 and Omaima Khan7
...gher relative weights of liver (P = 0.57) and gizzard (P = 0.69). The relative caecal weights of all MOS-supplemented groups were greater (P = 0.10) compared with the group A. Serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper and iron were not influenced by the MOS supplementations. Serum phosphorus level was higher (P < 0.05) in the group B compared with the group A. The caecal Clostridium spp. counts were more (P...
Detection and Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Serotype D from Small Ruminants of Balochistan
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
...fore stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, pancreas and gall bladder of mice. 
...
The Effects of Carbaryl and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Oxidative Stress Index in Capoeta capoeta (Guldensteadt 1773)
Ä°nan Kaya1,*, Muhitdin Yılmaz2, Müge MavioÄźlu Kaya3,Abdulsamed Kükürt4 and Mahmut Karapehlivan5
...pectively. The blood and liver samples were taken from the fish for biochemical studies at the end of the study period. Oxidative stress index (OSI) in plasma were evaluated as well as AST and ALT levels in the liver. Plasma OSI and liver AST levels in the groups with carbaryl and 2,4-D were compared with the control group, and they were found to be significantly higher. As a result, it wa...
Effect of Different Dietary Lysine Regimens on Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Indigenous Aseel Chicken
Tahira Batool1*, Nabila Roohi1, Athar Mahmud2 
... of head, shanks, lungs, liver, gizzard, heart, and carcass yield comprising percent weight of breast and thigh. 
...
Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
.... On the 16th day blood, liver and kidney were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis.Cr+6 treated group showed severe histological changes like necrosis, cirrhosis and dehydration in liver evident by significant elevation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total protein, bilirubin, globulin, creatine and uric acid along...
Chromium contamination in water, sediment and its bioaccumulation in Indian major carps in River Chenab, Pakistan

 Hamda Azmat1, Waqas Ali2, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Zara Saeed1,Syed Shafiq Hussain Bukhari4

Chromium contamination in water, sediment and its bioaccumulation in Indian major carps in River Chenab, Pakistan
...o;g/g) was recorded from liver whereas minimum 1.10±0.21 (µg/g) from muscles of the fish.

...
Deranged biochemical and hematological profile of septicemia patients in Mayo hospital, Lahore

Riffat Mehboob1*, Sami Ullah Mumtaz2, Zoya Manzoor3, Sajid Abaidullah2, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad1

Deranged biochemical and hematological profile of septicemia patients in Mayo hospital, Lahore
...e of serum biomarkers of liver, kidney and blood in the diagnosis of septicemia. 101 confirmed patients of septicemia from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore were included. Liver and renal function tests were performed for all patients. Patients were divided into 3 age groups on the basis of age: 30-50, 51-70 and 71-90 years. In Liver function Tests, ALT (37.62%), AST (50.49%) and ALP (99%...
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients

 Mirfa Murtaza1, Sajid Abdullah1, Wardah Hassan1*, Khalid Abbas1, Huma Naz1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2

Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)

 Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3

Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
...al
alterations in liver of silver carp. The LC50 1.6 μg/L was determined. Fish (n=6) were dividing into 4 groups A (control)
B, C and D (experimental). Experimental groups B, C and D were exposed to 25%, 50% and 75% of LC50
respectively for acute exposure. The blood and liver tissue sampling was done after 96hrs for histology and
biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspart...
Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats

 Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Sana Fatima3, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb2, Nadeem Sheikh1

Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats
...ely. Blood was obtained; livers were excised and processed for protein profile and transaminases activity
analysis. TAA injection resulted in significant alterations in serum proteins and transaminases levels. Significant
hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in sera as well as liver tissue of both experimental groups
compared to control. Furthermore, transaminases activity was significantly ...
Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide

 Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1

Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
...nd
organs (gills, liver and muscles) were freeze dried. Freeze dried tissue samples
were digested with the help of nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4). Acid
digested samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) foraccumulation of Ti, Cu and Zn nanoparticles in
various tissues (gills, liver and muscles). Ti and Cu accumulation in gills was
Ameliorating Effect of a Beta-Blocker, Propranolol on Carbamazepine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rabbits
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
Studying the Effect of Gamma-Irradiated Pomegranate Peels Aqueous Extract against Lead Toxicity in Wistar Rats
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
...n in serum activities of liver enzymes, level of hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation and plasma levels of caspase 3 associated with significant increase in the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone in addition to marked improvement in the level of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione content and the activity of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity of the liver...
Genotoxic Evaluation of an Endemic Plant Thermopsis turcica Extracts on Liver Cancer Cell Line
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...udy has been observed on liver cancerous cell line in term of its genotoxicty. So, genotoxic evaluation was carried out for the alcoholic and hexane extracts of T. turcica. Methanol extracts showed the highest DNA damage (20±1) at 200 µg/ml concentration and 11.67±2.52 at 50 µg/ml. Ethanol extracts showed the 2nd highest DNA damage (19±2)at 200 µg/ml concentration and 11 ±1at 50 µg/ml. While...
Detection of Heavy Metals in Three Micro-Bat Species from Central and Northern Punjab
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...more concentrated in the liver and kidneys, Zn and Pb showed high mean values as compared to other metals but these values were below the lethal levels. Within the regions and sexes no significant variations were found in metal concentrations; however within three bat species metal concentrations varied significantly. This study provides baseline data for future comparisons and management of bats and metal concentrations in environment.
...
Molecular Characterization and Differential Expression of Two Prostaglandin E Synthase 2 Orthologs in Coilia nasus
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...pressed in the gills and liver while PTGES2b was strongly expressed in the gills and testis. Expression of both PTGES2a and PTGES2b decreased from stage III to stage V and PTGES2a was significantly more highly expressed than PTGES2b. In the spawning process, the expression of PTGES2a did not significantly change, remaining at a low level. In contrast, PTGES2b expression significantly increased during spawning. T...
Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens
Kalimullah Khan1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Zia Ur Rehman3, Hamza Maris4 and Habib ur Rehman1
...lative weights of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, gizzard and intestines. Results showed that supplementation of phytase enzymes affected the weight and length of small intestine and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and did not affect the other zoo technical variables like body weight, feed consumption, and weight gain during the whole experimental period. Application of phytasefailed to exert any influence on the weights of gizzard, provetriculus, heart,
Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride and Pharmacological Intervention by Vitamin E in Balb C Mice
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...(CCl4) on the liver of Balb C mice and also to investigate the protective effect of Vitamin E pre-treatment on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Study included the estimation of the activities of the enzymes such as ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, urea, lipids, cholesterol and protein contents both in the <...
Inter-Specific Differences in the Sensitivity, Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacities of Three Cyprinids Exposed to Heavy Metals Mixture
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...e activity in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles and brain. Among the fish species, C. mrigala accumulated significantly higher concentration of all metals as compared to L. rohita and C. catla. Bioaccumulation of all metals among the organs followed the order: liver>gills>kidney>brain>muscles, however, metals followed the trend for their accumulation: Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb. Antioxidant (catala...
Association of ChREBP Expression and Polymorphism with Serum Biochemical Indices in Cherry Valley Duck
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
...and glycolysis in animal liver. In this study, the relative quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the duck ChREBP mRNA is widely expressed in all examined tissues. ChREBP mRNA level was the highest in abdominal fat and the lowest in gizzard. The g.247075G>A silent mutation in exon 10 was first identified by direct sequencing approach, and resulted in three genotypes of AA, GA and GG. Association analysis demonstrated that the
Effect of Dietary Vitamin E, Selenium and Their Combination on Concentration of Selenium, MDA, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Some Tissues of Laying Hens

 Ĺžaban Çelebi

...n on Se concentration in liver, heart, kidney and breast muscle. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and enzyme activities of glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver, heart, breast and thigh tissues of laying hens were determined in present study. A total of 96 White Lohman laying hens, aged 24 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24), each of which was com...
Toxic Effect of Insecticides Mixtures on Antioxidant Enzymes in Different Organs of Fish, Labeo rohita
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Wardah Hassan3, Moazama Batool4, Shakeela Perveen5, Sadia Maalik4 and Sajida Mushtaq4
...ase in different organs (liver, gills, kidney, brain, heart and muscle) of fish, Labeo rohita. The LC50 of chlorpyrifos+endosulfan mixture was calculated as 1.95±0.02 μgL-1 for 96 h with the 95% confidence limits. The fish expose to the mixture (1:1) for 96-h. The results obtained from this study showed that superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver
Response of Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (L-FABP) Gene in Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) to Temperature and Nutrient Manipulations
Shengjie Zhou1,2, Pengfei Wang1,2, Chao Zhao1,2, Mingjun Fu3, Jian G. Qin4, Lihua Qiu1, Zhenhua Ma1, 4,* and Maoshang Lin1
...n pompano.
...
Distribution of Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli Isolates along the Production and Supply Chain of Pork around Hubei Province of China
Sher Bahadar Khan1,2,*, Zou Geng1, Cheng Yu-ting1, Asad Sultan3, Mumtaz Ali4,5, Irshad Ahmad6 and Rui Zhou1
...uses (20 each intestine, liver, meat and kidney), and 80 samples from super- and wet-markets (each 20 meat and liver) collected both in summer and winter. Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics (CRO, AMX, GEN, STR, TET, CHL, CLR, LVX, OFX, GAT, CIP, SXT, AMP, LIN and AZM) according to the disc diffusion method and antibiotic resistant genes {tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), strA/strB, aadA, aac(3)IV), aadB, sul1, sul2 and sul3, blaC...
A Homozygous c.1131G>A Missense Mutation in BBS9 Gene Manifesting Autosomal Recessive Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in Consanguineous Kashmiri Family
Syeda Ain-ul-Batool1, Sadia1, Kathrin Blasius2,3,4, Angela Kaindl2,3,4 and Ghazanfar Ali1,*
...ease, cardiovascular and liver disorders. So far 21 genes are reported that cause BBS (BBS1-BBS21). A consanguineous family having clinical symptoms of BBS9 is described in current study. Mutation was detected in BBS9 on chromosome 7p14.3 using whole exome sequencing (WES). A splice acceptor site mutation (c.1131G>A) in exon 3 was revealed by Sanger sequencing.
...
Effect of Di-n-butyl Pthalate on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Liver and Gills of Labeo rohita
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...uate oxidative stress in liver and gills by analyzing activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO). Catalase activity increased significantly in liver and gills of fish exposed to 10μg/l of DBP. Level of GSH and LPO increased significantly in gills while a non-significant decrease was recorded for GSH and GST in liver
Oral SS-14 DNA Vaccine is More Potent than Oral SS-28 DNA Vaccine in Promoting Rat Lactation
Yan-Guo Han1,2, Jun-Hua Ye1, Qin-Tao Zhao1, Yong-Jie Huang2, Kai Li2, Yong-Fu Huang2 and Li Xu1,*
...i>CpG adjuvant and delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the study, and rats in control group (Group C) was orally given empty vector vaccine. Blood samples were collected before primary immunization and at weeks 3, 5 and 7 after primary immunization and body weight of offspring were weighed at weeks 0, 2 and 4 after birth. Both SS-14 and SS-28 DNA vaccines induced humoral immune response, howeve...
Expression Analysis of Oxidative Stress Induced Genes in Liver and Heart Tissues in Response to Doxorubicin
Uzma Jabeen1, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem2, Asmat Salim2,* and Waseem Ahmed1
...tive stress in heart and liver tissues following DOX administration to rats. In this study, DOX was administered to rats intraperitoneally (i. p.) at 3 mg/kg at alternate days for two weeks. Heart and liver tissues were harvested and the mRNA levels of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (Idh1) were analyzed by RT-PCR. We observedvariable pattern of gene expres...
Impact of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Liver Transplantation

Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian, Jonathan Hartanto Tan and Zheng Shusen*
 

...se progression manifests liver inflammation, chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we present a comprehensive review characterizing the viral architecture, life cycle, infectivity mechanisms, immune escape strategies, disease epidemiology and preventive measures associated with HBV. The current antiviral therapeutics are not providing adequate protection against HBV. It is mandatory to characterize and devise novel antiviral therapie...
Detection and Phylogeny of Fowl Adenovirus Associated with Hydropericardium Hepatitis Syndrome in Broilers
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
Protective Effect of Quercetin Treatment against Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in a Male Rat Model
Nouf Alharbi*, Mai Elobeid and Promy Virk
...ium (Cd) accumulation in liver and hair, blood profile, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and serum, and histopathological evaluation of liver and kidney. Results showed that low dose of quercetin was significantly (p≤0.05) more effective than the high dose. Low dose was more efficac...
An Effectiveness of Extension Trainings on Boosting Agriculture in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan: An Evidence from Bajaur Agency

Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz* 

...ld was found after the delivery of improved farming practices through extension trainings. Tomato income was increased with a significant mean difference of Rs.104457 after extension recommendations. It is concluded that extension department performed well in the empowerment of farmers and increasing crop yield in the study area. The study recommends need based trainings for growers, availability of credit/loan facilities, provision of subsidized inputs and ir...
Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Layer Chickens: A Possible Public Health Risk in Pakistan
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1, Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4

 

...kistan. The bile fluids, liver and spleen tissues were collected from overnight dead layer chickens (n = 8) from Pattoki region of Punjab province, Pakistan, during July to August 2016. The RT-PCR showed the amplifications of selected regions of helicase (186 bps, 2769-2954 nt) and capsid (280 bps, 5461-5741 nt) domain in the bile fluids of two birds. The histological data demonstrated pathological changes in liver and splee...
Tissue Specific Changes in the Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Manganese Exposed Labeo rohita
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
...was measured in the fish liver, kidney, gills and brain and then compared with control group. The results showed that the antioxidant activity increased significantly in all organs of metal stressed fish as compared to the control fish. Among all test concentrations, the activity of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) was significantly higher in the fish liver under 96-hr LC50 manganese exposed fish as evident from it...
Examination of Morphological, Behavioral and Histopathological Effects on Oreochromis niloticus after Acute Exposure to Methylmercury
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
...hological changes in the liver of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus after acute exposure to methylmercury. The toxicity of methylmercury of Nile tilapia was studied in a static renewal bioassay for 48 hours and 96 hours (96 hours L.C-50 0.22 mg/L). The study was conducted on 40 fish that weredivided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control group.Group B, C and D were exposed to sublethal concentrations of methylmercury 0.044 mg/L...
Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B Patients

Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian and Zheng Shusen* 

...care and complication of liver transplantation in patients with pre-established hepatitis B infections. Information gained through this study would be helpful to have better management and life style in these deadly infections. 

...
First Isolation of Brucella canis from Pet Dogs in Sichuan Province, China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Antigen Location Analysis
Zhijun Zhong1, Rui Tu1, Xichun Wang2, Yi Geng1, Qicheng Xiao1, Yinan Tian1, Bin Wei1, Jiaming Dan1, Ya Wang1 and Guangneng Peng1,*
...tion and necrosis in the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, testicle, and lymph nodes, among which changes in the spleen were the most serious. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated the detection of B. canis antigens in the lesions of all examined tissues. Strong positive staining was primarily found in the spleen, liver, and testicle. In conclusion, this study was the first to report the isolation of two B. canis
DNA Methylation of the CYP1A1 Promoter Region is Associated with Anti-tuberculous Drug-induced Hepatic Injury
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*

 

...its expression may cause liver tissue damage. At present, few studies on CYP1A1 methylation and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury are available. Studying the relationship between CpG island methylation in the CYP1A1 promoter region and drug-induced liver injury is, therefore, of great importance. Anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells was investigated. De...
Prevalence and Genotypic Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Isolated from Liver Center, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
Efficacy of Ultrasound Microbubble-HGF Complex for Treating Hepatic Fibrosis and its Relation with Perfusion Weighted Imaging
Shou-Hong Zhang1*, Ying Zhang1, Kun-Ming Wen2, Wei Wu3 and Wen-Yan Li3
... feasibility of treating liver fibrosis with human Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) carried by biotinylated ultrasound microbubbles plus biotinlated cationic nano-liposome composites (Bio-MB+Bio-CNLP) in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. In addition, we investigated the staging of hepatic fibrosis by using Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI). We established a BDL rat model of hepatic fibrosis. HGF carrier was administered through tail-vein injections. The gene therapy ...
Genetic Polymorphisms of IGF-1 Gene in Pakistani Marecha Camel
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1 
...nd specific tissues. The liver is the primary source of IGF-1 and considered as candidate genes for growth because they play a significant role in development and growth regulation. IGF-1 control protein metabolism and is extremely conserved region amongst species. IGF-1 have not been studied before in camel. The DNA samples of Marecha camel were collected from the Camel Breeding and Research Station at Rakhmani Bhakkar, Pakistan. Four polymorphic sites were d...
Toxicological Effects of Heavy Metal (Pb+2) on Peroxidase Activity in Freshwater Fish, Catla catla

Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1 

...activity in tissues viz. liver, gills, kidney, muscle, heart and brain of fish Catla catla exposed for 4-day. After each sampling (24-hr interval) fish were dissected and required organs were obtained. Results showed that the POD activity was augmented in all selected organs of Pb+2 exposed fish in relation to control. The POD activity in organs of fish followed the order: brain>liver>gills>kidney>heart>muscle...
Evaluation of Pharmacognostic Features and Antimicrobial Activities of Dysphania botrys L.

Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan 

...ld, influenza, head ach, liver and digestive problems and healing of wounds. The aim of the study was to explore phytochemical constituents of methanolic crude extract (MCE) and various solvent fractions and in-vitro antimicrobial activities of whole plant of D. botrys. Qualitative phytochemical screening of MCE and solvent fractions of D. botrys showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols, however in n-hexane fraction ...
A Review on Diagnostic and Prognostic Techniques Employed During Bovine Uterine Torsion

Ankur Abrol, Madhumeet Singh, Akshay Sharma* and Pravesh Kumar 

...lead to deterioration of liver and kidney functions resulting in toxaemia followed by dam as well as fetal mortality. So, the most important aspect in successful management of uterine torsion lies in the correct and efficient diagnosis which can mainly be achieved by anamnesis, vaginal and rectal examination. However, prognosis of uterine torsion is mainly dependent on the degree and duration of condition and can be categorised into 3 successive stages i.e. st...
The Ability to Deal with Metabolic Stress Correlates with Cell Proliferation Rates under 2D or 3D Cell Culture System
Rimsha Munir1, 2*

 

...cell line models (HepG2; liver cancer cell line and HCT-116; colorectal cancer cell line) were selected that showed inverse proliferation trends under 2D and 3D cell culture systems: HCT-116 displays decreased, while HepG2 displays increased proliferation rates under 3D system. The presented data indicated that the proliferative capacity of the given cell line was associated with its ability to deal with metabolic stress under 2D or 3D system. HCT-116 cells co...
Heat Shock Proteins and Cytochrome P450 1a1 Expression as Biomarkers of Exposure to Bisphenol A in Catla catla
Mehwish Faheem1*, Maleeha Rafeeq1, Aisha Majeed1 and Saba Khaliq2
...100, 1000 µg/l) on liver cyp1a1 and heat shock proteins mRNA level was evaluated using real time qPCR. Results revealed that exposure to bisphenol A caused decrease expression of cyp1a1 in a concentration dependent manner. Exposure to graded concentrations of bisphenol-A resulted in significant increase in mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90). In the light of present results, expression of cyp1a1 or ...
Haematological and Histopathological Analyses of Levofloxacin Induced Toxicity in Mammals
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
...a noticeable increase in liver, kidney and testis weights. Significant increase in levels of total alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin was observed in blood plasma. Urea level showed a remarkable decrease, whereas creatinine level increased but not significantly. Histological examinations exhibited pyknosis, necrosis, vacuolations, increased sinusoidal spaces, karyomegaly, glomerulosclerosis, ...
Turmeric Plays Protective Role against Paraben Induced Hepatic and Renal Lesions in Albino Mice
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...bnormal vascular pole in liver and kidney respectively. But when turmeric powder was coadministered with BP, these damages were reversed to a great extent. So, this study has proved the protective role of turmeric against toxicity induced by BP in female albino mice.
 
Novelty Statement | Curcumin, an active component of turmeric along with its proven anti-fungal and antimicrobial activities also detoxify Paraben (suspected ...
Lead Induced Oxidative Stress in Cirrhina mrigala
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
... oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, gills, muscles and brain of Cirrhina mrigala. The 120-days old fish were exposed to 1/4th (11.81mgL-1) and 2/3rd (31.49mgL-1) of 96-h LC50 of water-borne Pb for three fortnights (42 days) in glass aquaria at pH 7.5, temperature 30°C and total hardness 250mgL-1. After each fortnight, fish were sampled from each treatment and different organs such...
Ameliorating Potential of Quercetin on Liver Function, Genotoxicity and Oxidative Damage Induced by 2,3,7,8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin in Liver of Male Rats
Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem* and Nadir Mustafa Nanakali
...ces of oxidative stress, liver enzymes activity and the expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) against hepatotoxicity induced by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in male rat. Thirty adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into five equal groups. TCDD and QCT were orally administered at the dose of 10µg/kg /day and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively by gavage dissolved in corn oil for 90 days. At the end of the study, animals were sacrific...
Bioaccumulation of Some Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Freshwater Fish of River Shah Alam, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...ues such as skin, gills, liver and kidneys of two fish species i.e., Clupisoma naziri and Mastacembelus armatus. Cr concentrations in fish muscles ranged from 30.5±41.9 to 70.8±12.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Ni from 16.7±10.2 to 103.5±114.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Cd from 1.1±0.18 to 2.5±0.21 mg kg−1 wet weight and Pb from 29.7±18.3 to 97.7±95....
Hepato-renal Toxicity of Patulin and its Modulation by Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Rats
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
...biochemical analysis and liver tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological studies. The present study showed that, PAT causes elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and significantly increases serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) but decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. On the other hand, in patuilin injected rats and treated with ginger, the activity of ALT, AST...
Serological Markers for Hepatitis B Virus among HIV Individuals in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

...vival, increased risk of liver disease and hepatotoxicity despite undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aims to determine the prevalence of serological markers of HBV based on serological markers among infected individuals with HIV. Ninety-three sera samples of HIV positive individuals were collected by Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital- HIV/AIDS Supporting and Counselling Unit, Ogbomoso. The collected samples w...
Molecular Detection and Pathological Investigation of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2,  Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1, Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...RNA. Furthermore, lungs, liver, kidney and lymph node were collected for histopathological examination. Of the 560 samples, 49 (8.25%) were found positive for CBPP. Maximum pathological lesions (50-75% of surface area) were seen in 34.69 percent lung samples, chronic type pleurisy in 97.96 percent, maximum aggregate pathological lesion score in 65.31%, while 48.98% lung samples had 6-10 numbers of sequestra. Besides, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congest...
Effects of Feed Additives on Chicken Growth and Their Residues in Meat Instigating Deleterious Consequences on the Liver Health of Consumers - A Prospective Human Study
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
...nsumption.
...
Effect of Administration of Mercuric Chloride on the Social Behavior, Neuromuscular Coordination, Motor Activity, Blood Parameters and Liver Structure Alterations in Mice Offspring
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...ty, blood parameters and liver structure alterations. On the first day of pregnancy, 30 pregnant mice were equally divided into three groups. Tap water was provided to the control group (Group I). Group II and Group III animals were orally received 5 and 10 ppm of HgCl2.The treatment started the first day of pregnancy and continued to the day 15 after birth thearafter the dams were sitched to tap water. The behavioral results showed a significant in...
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Haematological Parameters, Biochemical Components of Blood and Rumen Fluid, and Accumulation of Zinc in Different Organs of Goats
Elmas UlutaĹź1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, Ä°smail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...ncreased (p<0.05) the liver Zn and Fe concentrations and mohair Fe levels but decreased the kidney Cu concentrations. It was concluded that the goats can tolerate the supplementation of high zinc in diet.
...
Effects of Immune Modulators on the Immune Status of Broiler Chickens
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...) extracted from chicken liver were separately offered on days 1-21, 1-42 and 22-42 in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Under standard broiler management conditions, birds were divided into five treatment groups of 48 with four replicates. Commercial pre-starter feed, starter feed and finisher feed were offered on days 1-12, 13-25 and 26-42, respectively. Birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease. Relative lymphoi...
Effect of Early Spontaneous Abortions on Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants and Lipid Damage in Women
Fatima Hashim Abbas1,2* and Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi1
...ntrol group (23 normal delivery women (control positive), 10 normal unmarried women (control negative) were recruited in this study. Levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA level), catalase activity (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in the serum of all studied groups. MDA levels were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in aborted women with T. gondii compared to negative control. MDA levels were also signific...
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 Individuals in Lahore, Pakistan
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...DSP. Occurrence of fatty liver was more (p<0.01) frequently seen in the patients with the DSP (87.80%) than having no clinical DSP (83.17%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the DSP was significantly associated with age of the patients (OR:1.40, CI:1.24-1.67), duration of DMT2 (OR:1.24, CI: 1.01-1.35), HbA1c (OR:1.86, CI:1.61-2.05), blood fastening sugar level (OR:1.37, CI: 1.18-1.51) and triglyceride concentrations (OR:1.13, CI:...
Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity in Some Inflammatory Conditions in Barki Sheep

Asmaa A. Darwish 

...total protein, globulin, liver enzymatic activities, kidney function tests, total lipids, triglycerides, MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations was depicted in the three diseased groups. On the contrary, the total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, minerals, electrolytes, trace elements and total antioxidants capacity concentrations significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in the three diseased groups. Both of MMP-2 and MMP-9 yielded a sensitivity and NPV as 1...
Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Tibetan Swine
Gong Ga1,2 and SuoLang Sizhu2,*
...) and tissue ((including liver, spleen, kidney and intestine, n=21) by nested RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. HEV antigens were detected in tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis. Overall, we found that that eight serum samples (4.6%, 8/173) were positive to anti-HEV IgM antibody and Seventeen serum sample (9.8%, 17/173) were positive for anti-HEV IgG antibody. The HEV RNA positive rate was of 4.6% (8/173) in feces and serum. Moreover, the prevalence of HEV RNA was...
Changes in Glutathione S-transferase Activity and Total Protein Contents of Labeo rohita
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3

 

...idney, heart, muscle and liver of Labeo rohita kept under sub-lethal dose (4.13 µgL-1) of chlorpyrifos. Fish was kept under chlorpyrifos stress for two months and samples were collected on weekly basis. It was noted that GST level varied significantly with duration. The GST level was raised in first 28 days after that it was dropped off up to 56-day. The trend of GST in fish tissues was observed as muscle<heart<brain<kidney<...
Effect of Inclusion Heat Treated Jatropha Meal in Wethers Ration on Feed Intake, Blood Parameter and Ruminal Fermentation in Short-Term Feeding
Renlong Lv1*, Ken-Ichi Horiguchi2, Shin-Ichi Tagawa3, Shoichi Ichihara4 and Norio Yoshida5 
...ake, blood biochemistry, liver function, and ruminal fermentation in sheep fed heat-treated jatropha meal. The experiment was performed twice (experiment I and II). The subjects were 6 wethers. They were divided into two treatments (rapeseed diet and jatropha diet) randomly and were tested by using a cross over method. Rapeseed meal and jatropha meal were relaced to the feed as a concentrate with proportion of 5% in experiment I and 10% in experiment II. The i...
Donkeys as an Alternate Domestic Pack-animal in the Arid Zone of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
... societies of Pakistan deliver many farm duties especially in the Punjab province, anterior Sindh, KP, Gilgat-Baltistan and Baluchistan. In the hilly areas men and women of the rural community use the donkeys for daily practice work like fetching water, collection of firewood for domestic use and sale in the nearby local market to cope their daily needs. The present study was carried out in three different rural towns of Dera Ismail khan district of KP in the ...
Induction of Nuclear Factor ÎşB in Different First-Line Anti-tubercular Drug-induced Liver Injuries in Mice
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
...pment and progression of liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in mice. A total of 168 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one baseline group. The drug groups were orally administered with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and combination of these three drugs (HRZ) at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Liver tissue pathologies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) a...
Morphological and Pathological Effects of Aspergillosis in Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
...kin, gills, fins, heart, liver, kidney and intestine of fish and culturing it on four different culture media; Malt extract agar (MEA), Corn meal agar (CMA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The inoculated culture plates were incubated for 5-8 days at 28-32 oC. The fungal growth in the form of colonies of different shapes and colour appeared in agar plates. Four Aspergillus spp.; Aspergillus terreus (8.40%)...
Farmers’ Perception Analysis about the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Agriculture Extension services of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

 Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...t of overall extension delivery system, so agriculture extension department may establish a formal structure to initiate free SMS and voice message service in the easiest and understandable languages for increasing overall coverage of the extension delivery.

...

Razaullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain1 

A TWO-WAREHOUSE SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION WITH CROSS-ROUTE COSTS AND BUDGET, MAXIMUM FLOW AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
... of budget constraint, delivery mode, cross-route
costs, maximum flow by a shipping firm, production capacity of the plants, stocking capacity of owned and rented
warehouses and traffic factors on the supply routes in the mathematical model further broadened the problem. A case
study is solved to analyze how the model performs with the changing network characteristics. 

...

Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1 

PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
...known as neutrality and sliver content. Sliver content results in tail-off of
the thrust-time curve. These two measures of merit are an important part of acceptable grain design. This paper is
restricted to the study of convex port star grain geometry and describes parametric evaluation to assess the effects
of seven independent and defining geometric variables of the star and other ballistic factors inc...

 Akhtar Nawaz*, Sahar Noor*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Afzal Khan*, Shahid Rashid**, Rehman Akhtar*

METHODOLOGY FOR POSITIONING MULTIPLE DECOUPLING POINTS IN HYBRID MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM
...ompetitive market. The delivery time is one of the most critical factors which influence management
of the supply chain networks and cost of the product. To respond to a given lead time, manufacturing firms need to
adjust their supply chain networks and design an effective interface for decoupling points in the supply chain based
on the cost to be incurred. In this paper, a modified cost model is proposed for a hybrid supply...

 Farid Ullah Khan·

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VIBRATION-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DUE TO REDUCED AIR DAMPING
...voltage and load power delivered to a load resistance of 1000 increases from 46.3 to 79.4

Farid Ullah Khan*

MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
...urrent drawn and power delivered are maximum, when the shaker is operated at the resonant frequency. Operating on the resonant frequency of 60 Hz, a maximum power of 0.6 W is delivered to the shaker at -48 dB gain level.
...

M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*

INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...s been discussed using delivery performance ratio (DPR) a well known performance indicator. The sediment laden water flow problem may be described by three equations; the one dimensional equation of motion (momentum-equation) and the flow and sediment-continuity equations. All the three equations are partial differential equations and may be solved by the finite difference method. Numerical models can be used for this purpose. SETRIC model has been used in thi...
Bioaccumulation of Metals in the Organs of Fish inhabiting Ravi River: Serious Threat to Fish and Consumer’s Health
Zarish Yaqoob1, Saleema Bashir Shams2, Gaitee Joshua2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza2,3*
...ills of fish followed by liver, kidneys, muscle and fat cells. Overall, seventeen fish species were recorded in the study areas indicating a decrease in the number of species in Ravi. The results have shown that the water of Ravi is unsafe for aquatic life and irrigation. Metal concentration in the fish meat is higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) parameters indicating a serious health threat to both, the fish and human population.
...

 S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***

RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...a. The underlying delivery mechanism for multicast is presently based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that provides a “best effort” delivery service. Best effort implies that IP packets are treated with essentially equal weight, and while IP makes an effort to deliver all packets to their destination, packets may occasionally be delayed, lost, duplicated, or...

Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*

Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
...thy individuals to acute liver failure which leads to high mortality among pregnant women. Recently, chronic infections due HEV genotypes 3 and 4 have also been documented in immunosuppressed and transplant patients where prolonged virus shedding has been documented. The conventional diagnosis is established by detection of HEV antigen or anti-HEV IgM in acute sera. However, the detection of HEV RNA is important to establish the diagnosis in immunosuppressed p...
The Effect of Different Levels of Matricaria chamomilla on Functional Status of the Liver in Rats Injected with Carbon Tetrachloride
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...the functional status of liver, in rats injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a known hepatotoxin. Thirty-six male albino rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in paraffin oil 50% V/V (2ml/kg b. wt.) twice a week for 2 weeks to induce chronic liver damage. After injection of CCl4, blood samples were obtained using the retro-orbital method to confirm ...
Variation in Physiological Biomarkers with Different Clostridium perfringens Isolate Infections in Balkhi Sheep
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4, Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...m creatinine, bilirubin, liver enzymes, total, glucose and urea in blood significantly (P<0.05) increased. Fluctuations in mean erythrocyte counts (RBC), hemoglobin, PCV and total bilirubin were beyond the limits while others were within normal ranges in sheep infected with Clostridium perfringens type A. The total bilirubin, Liver enzymes, creatinine level, glucose and urea levels in blood were abnormal while othe...

Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Jibran Hussain2, Muhammad Hayat Jaspal3, Shahid Mehmood2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq4, Reema Bughio5 and Athar Mahmud2

Comparative Study of Carcass Traits in Four Strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) at 3 to 6 Weeks of Age
...ed in mean slaughter and liver weight (g) in quail birds. Significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in keel length (cm) at week 3, 5 and 6 and keel angle at week-3. A significant (p<0.05) effect was observed in mean heart weight at week 3 and 6, gizzard weight at week 4, 5 and 6 and intestinal length (cm) at week 3, 5 and 6;  whereas, dressing percentage (%) and shank length (cm) differ non-significantly (p>0.05) in this study period. Imported ...
Physiological Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Duranta erecta (L) on Albino Rat, Rattus norvegicus
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...age of the enzyme in the liver due to hepatic injury in the treated rats. Previous biochemical studies have also confirmed the non toxicity of the plant extract of D. erecta to the kidney.
...
Effect of a Rehabilitation Garden on Rehabilitation Efficacy in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Yan Wen1, Liu Lian2, Zhuang Xun3, Murong Jiaying4, Cui Shuyi1, He Wanwen1, Mai Guanghuai5, Huang Wenzhu1, Chen Gang1,* and Wang Zhijun1,*
...ation therapy was also delivered to the patients in the treatment group in a specially designed garden setting under the guidance of therapists. The training included outdoor-assisted walking training, unassisted walking training, outdoor ladder training, and horizontal bar training. Ultimately, exercise capacity, lung function, symptoms, psychological state, and the Body-Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise (BODE) comprehensive index of the ...
An Unusal Case of Hydramnios in Nili Ravi Buffalo
Shahid Ali*, Aijaz Ali Channa, Waqar Ahmad, Rafia Akram and Imbasat Yousaf
...s expelled out and dam delivered completely developed alive male calf with a gross anomaly (presence of a hole in the skull) which could not survive and died soon after the delivery. After the completion of obstetrical case using obstetrical mutation and forced extraction, dam developed the signs of peritonitis, subcutaneous edema and labored breathing.
...

Mohsin Ali Alias Mehran Khan Solangi1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Turab Ali Korejo3, Nazeer Ahmed Rajput2, Qurban Ali Memon3 and Maqsood Ahmed Kumbhar4

Influence of Camellia sinensis on Broilers Performance
...eight of heart (13.53%), liver (61.1%), spleen (2.26%), proventiculus (58.13%), intestine (102.2%) and fat pad (81.41%) were found in D group (control) and minimum in C group. Mortality percent was equally higher in A group (2%), B (2%) and D (2%) compared to C (1%). Considerable (P < 0.05) variation was seen among A, B, C and D groups for feed and water intake. Prominent (P < 0.05) variation was also noticed for carcass weight of birds in D group compar...

Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4

Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...e of extension service delivery organizations in the area. District Tharparkar is the most vulnerable area in the country for food insecurity. Tharparkar has four tehsils such as Mithi, Diplo, Chachro and Nangerparkar. Out of four tehsils, one tehsil Mithi was selected purposively. A well- structured questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Acc...
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemistry and Immune Response of Japanese Quail Fed at Different Levels of Composted Poultry Waste
Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shahid Mehmood2*, Athar Mahmud2, Khalid Javed3 and Jibran Hussain2

 

... of breast, thigh, wing, liver, gizzard, heart, and abdominal fat for chicks fed compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet. Although, a slight reduction in breast and thigh weights was observed in chicks fed compost at 10% level compared to control chicks, but statistically this difference was not significant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no differences (P>0.05) in serum biochemical indices, and immune-related parameters among the di...

Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1

Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...ield use of smart gene delivery system. This technology can also be useful for sustainable water use and irrigation water filtration. It also plays an important role in pollution reduction. Green revolution of any developing countries can be achieved by adopting nanotechnology.

...
Assessment of Patients with β-Thalassemia Major, Undergoing Tertiary Care at a Regional Thalassemia Center in Pakistan
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
...iron overload, disturbed liver and hematological profile and secondary complications in β thalassemia major (BTM) patients, the current study was carried on 408 subjects including 204 patients and 204 controls. For all 408 individuals; complete blood count (CBC), blood group, serum ferritin level and liver function tests were performed. Secondary complications were assessed by physical examination of pallor, splenomegal...
Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) as a Bioindicator to Assess Pollution in an Agricultural Area

Turgay ĹžiĹźman1,*, Muhammet ÇaÄźrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Ĺžeymanur Adil1, Fatime GeyikoÄźlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...l erythrocytes and lung, liver, and kidney histopathologies were evaluated in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also noted for

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...le them to efficiently deliver their services.

...

Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4

Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...l carriers for insulin delivery. The current study was carried out to evaluate nanoparticle tactics for the oral delivery of insulin in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rat model. Twenty male rats of age four months were randomly allocated into four different groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3). After acclimatization diabetes was induced in three groups of rats (T1; positive control, T2: insulin only insulin, and T3; insulin wit...
Polymorphism and Comparative Expression Analysis of THRSP Gene in Fat-Tailed and Thin-Tailed Sheep Breeds
Q. Sun1, Q. Liu1, R. Di1, Y. Wang1, S. Gan2, S. Liu2, X. Wang1, W. Hu1, X. Cao1, Zh. Pan1, X. Guo1, Y. Yang3, H.E. Rushdi4* and M. Chu1*
...>THRSP expression in liver, subcutaneous adipose and tail fat tissues in Tan sheep (thin-tailed breed) were significantly (p<0.01) higher than that in Altay sheep (fat-tailed breed). The results obtained might expand our understanding of the important regulating role of THRSP gene in lipogenesis in fat-tailed sheep breed.
...
Effects of Dietary Aqueous Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver on Growth, Muscle Composition, Amino Acid Composition and Fatty Acid Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Li Yao1,2,3, AnQing Zhang1,2,3, HaiYan Zhang2, Jian Shao1,2,3, Ming Wen2,4, ChangAn Wang5, HaiBo Jiang1,2,3,* and Ming Li6,*
...i>Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) bark aqueous extract on growth performance and nutritional composition of rainbow trout (145.56 ± 4.12 g) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed five different diets, including 0 (EUO-0), 5 (EUO-5), 10(EUO-10), 20 (EUO-20) and 40(EUO-40) g kg-1 EUO bark aqueous extract. The muscle lipid of fish in EUO-40 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05), and fish in EUO-0 showed significant...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
... the extension service delivery in Nigeria should include adoption of new scenario thinking in communicating resilience building, establishment of emergency management unit by the agency, encouraging the involvement of the private sector in the extension service, transferring of research results on best affordable resilience practices to farmers as well as ensuring that government and other agencies are kept abreast with farmer’s feedback on their challe...
Association between Myogenin Gene Polymorphism and Slaughter Traits of Meat Quails
Jun Yan Bai*, Kun Peng Shi, Xiao Ning Lu, Xiao Hong Wu, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Meng Ke Chen and Yong Kang Ma
...ificant correlation with liver weight of meat quails(P<0.05), while locus B presented significant correlations with body weight, carcass weight, carcass net weight, liver weight, breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight(P<0.05). Loci A and B in the control region of MyoG 5’ can be used as the molecular marker of slaughter performance of meat quails during marker assisted selection.
...
Production of Single Cell Microbial Protein and its Use as Protein Source in Broiler Ration
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1, Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
... not affect the level of liver enzymes. All the tested liver enzymes were observed to be present in the normal range in all the treated groups A, B, C and D. Feed conversion ratio was not affected in the treated groups and an average FCR of 1.6 was observed in all groups. From the present study it is concluded that indigenous S. cerevisiae can be isolated from different sources and can be used as a source of SCMP in b...
Effects of Cypermethrin on the Hematological Parameters, Biochemical Components of Blood and Histopathological Changes in Different Organs of Chirruh Snow Trout (Schizothorax esocinus)
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1, 
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
...nd alterations in gills, liver, brain, kidney, intestine and muscles related with oxidative stress damage was observed. Genotoxicity increased with increase in time and concentration of cypermethrin. Cypermethrin is therefore extremly harmful to aquatic life.
...
Protective Effect of Caffeic Acid on Streptozotocin Induced Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rats: Possible Mechanism
Ying Liu1, Shankun Liu1, Hui Wang2 and Weihua Su2,*
...tioxidant enzymes in the liver and pancreas tissue at dose dependent manner. Our finding clearly supported the beneficial effect of caffeic acid on not only the diabetes mellitus, but also alleviating Gestational diabetes mellitus.
...
Effects of Curcumin on Growth and Liver-protection in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
...CCl4)-induced liver injury in common carp Cyprinus carpio. A 10-week feeding trial was carried out. A basal feed was supplemented with 0 (control), 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg curcumin to formulate five experimental feeds. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance was determined. Subsequently, CCl4 was used for the model experiment. The plasma and liver were collected for the test aft...
Bioaccumulation of Selected Toxic Heavy Metals in Mastacembelus armatus from Three Rivers of Malakand Division, Pakistan
Hazrat Ali1, 2* and Ezzat Khan1*
...us was: kidneys > liver skin > muscles > gills. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of the metals in muscles of M. armatus were in the order: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. BAF values show that these metals are accumulated in the fish tissues and may pose a potential health risk to regular consumers. 
...
Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection among HIV/HBV and HBV-mono Infected Patients in Jos, Nigeria

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...development of end stage liver disease. Furthermore, larger studies are needed to gain better understanding of the HDV infection among chronic hepatitis B patients in endemic regions and other high-risk populations.

...
An In Vitro Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Potency of Silymarin and Silymarin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Lung and Breast Cancer Cells
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...dered as a useful drug delivery system for silymarin that has poor water-solubility and an excellent candidate for anticancer drug development.
...
The Arabian Camel, Camelus dromedarius Interferon Alpha: Cloning, Expression in Escherichia coli, in vitro Refolding and Cytotoxicity on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231
Hesham Saeed1*, Manal Abdel-Fattah1, Ahmad Eldoksh1, Farid S. Ataya2 and Manal Shalaby3
...IFNα) of the camel liver, Camelus dromedarius was isolated and cloned using reverse transcription-PCR. Sequence analysis of that gene showed a 564-bp encoding a protein of 187 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 21 kDa. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) sequence analysis revealed that C. dromedarius IFNα gene shares high sequence identity with IFNα genes of other species, including C. ferus, Vicugn...
Red Onion Extract Attenuates Aluminum Induced Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...ine phosphatase (ALP) in liver and urea, and creatinine levels in kidneys, in Al exposed groups against control. In Al + antidote groups these deviations were less significant (P≤0.05). However, these morphometric and biochemical alterations improved to a great extent when onion extract was co-administered with Al. So it is concluded that Al caused morphological and biochemical disturbances in mice, whereas onion extract showed protective effects as well as...
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenesis of Local Isolates of Clostridium perfringens Type D from Sheep in District Peshawar
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2, 
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...27 (54%), dark congested liver 26 (52%), nephritis 23 (46%) and spleenitis 13 (26%). Microscopic lesions revealed a score of 10 of kidney tissue out of 15 while the lesion score of intestine revealed 08 out of lesion score of 15.
...
Relative Weight Relationship to Proximate Body Composition of Wild Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

...y, it was found that the liver contains maximum carbohydrates (percentage) relative to other sections of the body examined. Weight group W3 was found to have higher nutrients significantly (p<0.05) as compared to W1 and W2. Further, it is found that although the gills, liver, and gut of fish are not eaten directly by humans, but they have significant nutrient contents. The inferences of the present study would be helpful ...
A Review on Histopathological Alterations Induced by Heavy Metals (Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg) in Different Fish Species

Safia Bibi1, Saima Naz1*, Saba Saeed1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2

...cal variations in gills, liver, kidney and skin of different fishes were noticed when exposed to heavy metals, thus indicating severity of heavy metal toxicity. The current study was focused on the toxicological effect of Cr, Hg, Ni and Cd in different type of fishes and it would be useful for the scientific community to restore different metals contaminating water. 
 
Novelty Statement | Histopath...
Supplementation of Soy Based Feed with Linseed and its Effects on Growth and Fatty Acid Profile in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Shafaq Fatima1,*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Humaira Amman1, Zakia Kanwal1, Asma Latif1, Zeeshan Ali2, Hamid Iqbal Gondal2, Sumera Sajjad1 and Raja Shahnawaz Janjua3
...-3 and n-6 PUFA in total liver lipids. However, the treatment group fed with diet B showed a significant increase in K (1.75 ± 0.14 %), FCR (0.97) and HSI (0.62 ± 0.1%) as compared to those in the control group. A high profile of DHA (C22:6) was observed in total liver lipids of fish in all three treatments groups (A: 0.31%, B: 0.41%, C: 0.40%) in comparison to the control group where DHA was not obs...
The association of Manganese superoxide dismutase gene polymor-phism with the prognosis of Hepatitis C Virus related hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Mai A. Kilany1; Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1; Yousry E. Abo El-magd2 and Nermin Raafat2.

...d as HCV-related chronic liver disease progressed, espe-cially among patients with HCC.

...
Antiviral Diversity of Compounds Derived From Silybum marianum

Hanaa H. A. Gomaa1; Entsar A. A. Nassar2; K. A. El-Dougdoug3

...for treatment of various liver diseases. All the studied genetic parameters showed variations among milk thistle and parent varieties (plant height, main branch, total branches, head flower, fruit yield per plant). Concentration and yield amount of seven detected silymarin compounds using HPLC showed wide variations among varieties. They ranged from 9.2 to 34.78 mg/g fruits or 450.25 to 1250.25 mg/plant. The silymarin production has the same pattern of fruits ...
Cloning and expression of Equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D as a fusion protein in E. coli from a local isolate from El Zahraa Stud for Arabian Horses to be used as a diagnostic antigen for detecting the antibodies either in vaccinated or infected horse
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1, Seham, A.El-Zeedy1, El-Sanousi, A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1, Abbas, A.M1
... tissues either Lung and livers as well as Aborted placenta and nasal swaps from mares suffering from repeated Abortions, The current study used the gene synthesis technology introduced by Invitrogen to synthesis the glycoprotein D of the Kentucky Strain as reference strain to use it as appositive control for the envelope glycoprotein D of EHV-1 (EHV-1gD) cloned in pMA-T plasmid for optimizing the detection of the virus from field samples by PCR using 2 sets o...
Evaluation of NDV4 thermo stable feed-based vaccination effects on rural chicken productivity in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...demonstrated effective delivery and suitability of V4
thermostable ND vaccine use in scavenging village chickens in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
...
Evaluation of Growth Performance and Bioaccumulation Pattern of Metals in Catfish Species, Channa marulius and Wallago attu under Cadmium and Chromium Toxicity

Moazama Batool1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Huma Naz3, Mubashar Hussain4, Sadia Maalik1, Sajida Mushtaq1, Tanveer Ahmed5 and Laiba Shafique6

...was studied as kidney>liver>gills>skin>fins>bones>muscle.
 
...
Histopathological Studies of Pond Reared Indian Major Carp, Catla catla Infested with Argulus japonicus and Trial for Argulosis Treatment

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1

...ong the internal organs, liver lost its original reddish-brown and turned to yellowish-brown, intestinal duct remained empty and swelled. Severe infestation in catla caused eye opacity and tail rot indicated the devastating effects of A. japonicus. Infestation by this parasite resulted in histopathological changes in the skin and muscle, gill, liver, kidney, heart and different parts of gut tissues. According to the results ...
Tissue-Specific Response of Peroxidase Activity in Channa striata under Acute Exposure of Pesticides (Deltamethrin + Endosulfan) Mixture

Aliya Munir1, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed3 and Zahid Farooq2

...evel in kiney, gills and liver of fish Channa striata exposed to LC50 concentration (1.374µgL-1) of deltamethrin+endosulfan (DM+ES) mixture for 4-day. Sampling was performed after a 24-hr period. Fish were sacrificed and organs were collected to calculate the POx activity. It was observed that the exposure of DM+ES significantly accelerated the POx level in gills, liver and kidney of fish in a time dependent manner.&nb...
Effect of Different Herbs on the Histomorphology and Performance of Coccidiosis Challenged Broiler Chickens

Ahmed Ali Moryani1, Nasir Rajput1*, Muhammad Naeem1, Atta Hussain Shah1 and Hidayatullah Soomro2

...lative weight of organs; liver, pancreas, spleen, heart, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, thymus and ceaca was observed significant (P < 0.05) in the herbs supplementary groups as compared to control group. The compound-II supplementary group F significantly (P < 0.05) increased the percentage of crude protein and fat contents as compared to control and other groups. Histomorphological examination of liver of broiler chicken ...
Effects of a Novel Benzenesulfonamide 4-(3-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) on Antioxidant Enzymes and Hematological Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*

...dant enzymes of gill and liver, and changes in hematological parameters were determined in rainbow trout. For this purpose, rainbow trout alevins were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/L of B4 and 1 ml of DMSO for 96 hours. Blood samples were collected for hematological analyzes and mortalities were recorded daily. Exposure to B4 caused significant changes in antioxidant enzymes of gill and liver of alevins (p<0,05). ...
Atrazine Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Adult Male Mice

Sajida Batool1, Saira Batool1, Sitara Shameem1, Fatima Khalid1, Tahira Batool2, Summera Yasmeen1, Saima Batool3*

...hological changes in the liver of albino laboratory mice, 20 adult male mice were equally distributed (n=10) into two groups. Atrazine was given at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight through gavages for 28 days while the control (Cnt) group remains untreated. On the 29th day, all animals were sacrificed to recover liver for histological preparations. Atrazine (ATZ) caused various hepatic implications in the treated animals. A...
Analysis of Genomic DNA Methylation in Six Tissues of the Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
..., heart (H), kidney (K), liver (L), and muscle (M) tissues. An average of 67.0% CCGG loci was methylated in each tissue. There were significant methylation differences among tissues in full-methylation (p < 0.001) and total methylation (p = 0.001). Moreover, various unique methylated loci (15–59) were also detected. Non-negligible level of hemi-methylation (31.4%) existed, indicating that CHG methylation may also play a potential role in...
Ameliorative Effects of Monoammonium-Glycyrrhizinate on Liver Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity in Laying Hens
Mengke Wang1, Shucheng Huang2, Cai Zhang1*, Haizhou Gong1, 
Shunan Cuan1, Shuaishuai Wang1, Qi Shao1, Wenhao Xu1, Sudan Meng1, 
Pengfei Li1, Yuqin Wang1 and Zijun Yang1
...yrrhizinate in improving liver lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of laying hens is unclear. The current study examined the ameliorative effects of monoammonium-glycyrrhizinate (MAG) on liver lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in laying hens. One hundred eighty 320-day-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were allocated to five equal groups and administrated with the concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, and 200...
Comparative Analysis of Carcass Traits of Two Meat Quail Breeds (Coturnix coturnix)
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Shu Juan Zhao, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Heng Cao and Kun Peng Shi
... Moreover, heart weight, liver weight, slaughter rate, whole net carcass rate, heart rate and breast muscle rate of french giant meat quail are slightly higher than those of savimalt meat quail (P>0.05). For savimalt meat quail, carcass weight shows extremely significantly postive correlations with carcass net weight, heart weight, liver weight, breast muscle weight (total), leg muscle weight (single), slaughter ra...
Pathology and Molecular Characterization of Eimeria tenella Isolated from Clinically Infected Broiler Chickens in District Lahore, Pakistan
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...e periportal area of the liver and mild depletion of lymphocyte in the bursa of Fabricius. The seven clades of avian Eimeria species strongly support that E. necatrix and E. tenella were closely associated and placed in the same sister clade with high bootstrap support (98%). Our two isolates RSI and RSII showed a homology index of 99.82% (nucleotide level) and 99.47% (amino acid level) with each other. The maximum similarity percen...
Factors Influencing the Adoption of ICT’S in Extension Service Delivery Among the Extension Agents in North-East, Nigeria

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

... the extension service delivery is the connection between agricultural research, extension and the farmers. The evolving new model of agricultural production and the small number of extension agents question old ways of providing valuable knowledge to farmers. The goal was to define the respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, classify the types of ICT tools adopted by the respondents and identify factors influencing the adoption of ICT in extension s...
Pathological Status of Fascioliasis of Bovine Liver Collected from Slaughter Houses in Dinajpur City of Bangladesh

Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Md. Nazrul Islam1, Md. Haydar Ali1, Mahfuza Akther1 and Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*

...ascioliasis found in the liver were increase in the size of the organ were 14.6%. The infected bile ducts were also filled with blackish brown exudates giving the pipe stem appearance of the liver was noticed 13.3%. In histopathological study of acute Fascioliasis, there was lot of hepatocytic alterations like swelling of individual hepatocytes by increase in size and characterized by opaque cytoplasm. Sometime there was fat...
Feed Restriction Influences Growth Performance and Blood Glucose in Faster- and Slower- Growing Chickens
Ziyue Qin1, Zhen Wang1, Ali Mujtaba Shah3,4, Zifan Ning1, Yaofu Tian1, Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Lin Ye1, Diyan Li1, Gang Shu2 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
...t muscle, leg muscle and liver (p < 0.05). Feed restriction also affected body weight gain, feed consumption, and leg muscle weight (p < 0.05). In faster- growing stock, chickens with full feed were heavier, but their leg muscles were lighter than 80% feed group, and there was a compensatory growth for the 80% feed group on d 49 and 70. The blood glucose on d 7 was higher in slower- growing group than the faster- growing group. Results also showed there ...
Quality Evaluation of Reference Gene Expression on Different Tissues in Adults of Tropical Gar Atractosteus tropicus
Luis Daniel Jiménez Martínez1, Vicente Morales Garcia2, Carlos Alfonso Frias Quintana3, Alejandra del Carmen Castillo Collado1, Gloria Gertrudys Asencio Alcudia4, Carina Shianya Alvarez Villagomez4, Emyr Saul Peña Marín4,5, Bartolo Concha Frias1 and 
Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-Gonzalez4
...gill, stomach, brain and liver in adult males of A. tropicus from reared in captivity through three BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Based on our results we can conclude that in the three BestKeeper, NormFinder and geNorm algorithms, the most stable genes are ef1, followed by 18s rrna and actb where the gene stability will depend on specific tissue to analyze in tropical gar A. tropicus adults.
...
Effect of Dietary Lysine on the Meat Production and Behaviour of Broilers
Rajesh Kumar Oad1, Nasir Rajput1, Imdad Hussain laghari1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Muhammad Azhar Memon2, Abdul Sattar Baloch5, Qudratullah Kalwar3,  Mashhood Ahmed1, Zubair Ahmed Soomro2 and Waseem Ali Vistro4*
...eavier in group D, while liver and gizzard were heavier in group B than other groups, whereas, spleen and crop were heavier in group A, and gall bladder was heavier in group C. Mortality ratio increased in group A (p>0.05). Group E broiler spent more time on feeding (8.31 min/h). Group F spent more time on drinking (4.76 min/h). Group A spent more time on standing/walking (13.38 min/h). Group A spent more time on lying/sleeping (37.37 min/h) than other grou...
Evaluation of Catalase Activity in Organs of Fresh Water Fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella Fed with Vitamin E

Muhammad Shahbaz1,2, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz3*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed4, Sana Mehmood1, Muhammad Adeel Hussan5

...ssected and tissues viz. liver, muscle and gills were obtained to analyze the CAT activity. The CAT level was reduced in all treatments when compared control. CAT activity was observed higher in the gills, muscle and liver tissues of T1 diet fed C. idella as 14.68±0.90, 12.76±0.87 and 20.34±0.99 UmL-1, respectively. Comparison among diets for CAT activity showed the trend as T4<T3<T2<T1. The max...
Tea Out-grower Production and Marketing Challenges with Productivity and Efficiency Analysis using Stochastic Frontier Approach in Southwest Ethiopia

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

... and training, on-time delivery of farm inputs, create market linkage, and improved tea nursery management were some of the suggestions made to alleviate the study areas’ tea production and marketing difficulties.

...
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Fasciola hepatica Infection in Yaks (Bos grunniens) on Tibetan Plateau, China
Hailong Dong1, Fubin Gan2, Khalid Mehmood3, Jiang-Yong Zeng4, Rao Zahid Abbas5, Mushtaq Ahmad Gondal6, Zhenyu Chang1 and Qingxia Wu1*
...tion were present on the liver surface. Our results provided a baseline data for the exposure of yaks to F. hepatica infection in the study area. Therefore, some important strategies and surveillance should be adopted to control F. hepatica on Tibetan Plateau, China.
...
Cholangiocarcinoma with Multiple Organ Metastasis in a Captive Puma (Puma concolor)
Ho-Seong Cho1 and Yeonsu Oh2,*
...right middle lobe of the liver was severely affected by a tumor, and small tumor nodules were disseminated throughout the other lobes. The numerous tumor nodules were also found in the lung, stomach, kidney, heart and diaphragm, which were growing together, suspiciously metastatic, projecting, 5 to 40 mm in diameter and tawny to white in color. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of prominent papillary-acinar structures and the cells had a resemblance ...
Inflammatory Process and Role of Cytokines in Inflammation: An Overview

Ayesha Muzamil, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Iram Liaqat, Aamir Ali, Muhammad Summer

...omach ulcers, dizziness, liver or kidney problems etc. Cytokines play an important role in the induction and suppression of inflammation. Cytokines are diverse form of proteins that act pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main component of immunity is IL-1. IL-6 cytokine play its role in regulation of metabolic reactions. The activity of various leukocytes is suppressed by IL-4 and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokines) that triggers the production of pro-i...
An Abattoir-Based Study on the Prevalence of Hydatidosis Infestation and Fertility of Hydatid Cysts in Slaughtered Herbivores (Food Animals) in Dhamar Province-Yemen.

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3 

...45.06%), followed by the liver with 777 (35.19%), whilst in the imported breed, the fertility rates were 152 (6.88%), and 100 (4.52%) in the lung and liver respectively. This study, observed that Echinococcus granulosus parasite was present in both large and small ruminants within the study area and was responsible for high rate of organ condemnation. Hence, strategic endo-parasite eradication with a strong surveillance syst...
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Rabbits

Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2* 

...ablish this goal, lungs, liver, and heart (50 for each organ) were collected from 50 diseased rabbits (suffering from respiratory signs) from backyard rabbits at different localities in Sohag governorate, Egypt. All samples were submitted for PCR test and other conventional methods of identification. Recovery of P. multocida isolates of diseased rabbits from lung, liver, and heart were 23 (46%), 11 (22%), 13 (26%), respectiv...
Ameliorative Effect of Graviola Fruit Juice on the Damaged Tissues of Gamma-Irradiated Male Rats
Amr N. El-Shahat1, Refaat G. Hamza1,*, Ashraf M. Mounir1 and Madeha N. Al-Seeni2
...mical alterations in the liver and kidney of male albino rats.In the present study, gamma- irradiation (2 Gy every 3 days up to 8 Gy total doses) induced biochemical and oxidative damage in rats when compared to control group. In GFJ (10ml/Kg B Wt. /day) treated irradiated group, there were noticeable decreases recorded in lipid contents, concentration of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid, glucose level, activity of some liver
Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Methanol Extract of Seeds of Citrullus lanatus in Hyperlipidemic Rats
Abdullah Abdo Albegali1, Tayyaba Aftab1, Atiq-ur-Rehman1*, Amir Rashid1 and Mayada Mohammad1,2
...logical investigation of liver and heart was also done. The plant significantly (P < 0.05) and non-significantly (P > 0.05) decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, asparate aminotransferase and alkaline aminotransferase. The plant maintains the level of HDL to a normal range. It is concluded from the study that the plant may be supportive treatment in comba...
Dependence of Antioxidant and Biochemical Status on Selenium Content in the Blood of Animals

Vladimir Safonov 

...nt of pathologies in the liver and excretory system . Therefore, food additives as an additional source of micronutrients may be recommended to maintain the antioxidant defense system capability in animals with low selenium levels in agrobiocenoses.

Keywords | Antioxidant protection, Biochemical composition, Cows, Pathology, Peroxidation, Selenium 

...
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Muhammad1, Saadat Mehmood1,2, Atif Muhammad1*, Zaib Ullah3

...justify;">Abstract | The liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are mainly caused by the Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. The present study is designed to assess the frequency and transmission of (HBV) and (HCV) among the local population of district Swabi. A preliminary study was conducted from 1st January to 31st May 2016. The study revealed that the ratio of Hepatitis B and C in the local population was found 103 (34 %) and 199 (66 %...
Comparison of Heavy Metals Concentration in Different Tissues of Four Wild Bird Species

Noha M. El-Shabrawy1, Atef M. Kamel2, Aza S. Goda1, Gehad R. Donia1, Ahmed M. Salah-Eldein2* 

...se (Mn) in their muscle, liver, kidney and feather. Also, 16 water samples were collected to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in the study area. The result revealed that the kidney is the most tissue burdens the highest concentration of heaviest metals among the examined tissues. Egyptian barn swallow and house sparrow have a great tendency to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues among other examined birds. Levels of Pb in Egyptian barn swallow a...
Characterization of CLCN5 and Expression Profile under Low-Salinity Stress in Takifugu rubripes
Lin Ye, Jie-Lan Jiang*, Jia Xu, Rui-Ting Liu, Yin-Qiu Tian, Qing-Qing Zang, Jia-Yi Cao and Ming-Guang Mao*
...he intestine, kidney and liver, and up-regulated in gills under low-salinity stress in 3h to 6h, which indicates that TrCLCN5 may play an important role in the responses to acute low-salinity stress and would be useful in further understanding low-salinity adaption in T. rubripes.

...
Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Modified Yujin Powder on E. coli in the Procapra przewalskii

Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*

...d cell (WBC) in 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control group, and the contents of potassium (K), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of control group, but there were no remarkable differences between the 3 drug de...
Effect of Extra Arginine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Immune Response in Broilers

Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*

...ve organs weight (heart, liver and gizzard) and immune organs such as bursa, spleen and thymus weight were also recorded. Weekly feed intake (3506g, 3531g) and body weight (2080g, 2139g) were better (P<0.05) in group fed arginine supplementation as 0.4 and 0.6%, respectively as compared to control group. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR, P<0.05) was shown by the all arginine treated groups with best FCR result in D group. Birds fed diet containing highe...
Application and Challenge of Nano-Systems against Intracellular Bacterial Infection

Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*

...DR). The present study delivers a possible elucidation to this problem via Nano Drug Delivery. Nanomaterials are relatively small as compared to ordinary antibiotics. The nanoparticle has unique physical and chemical properties, a large surface area, and an electric charge. Additionally, its antibacterial drug encapsulation can make it easier to enter the cell and improve the concentration in the target tissue. In the curren...
The Oxidative Stress-Mediated Effects in Pregnant Mice with Plasmodium berghei Infection

Syukriah Syukriah1, Ulinnuha Nur Faizah2, Hendry T.S. Saragih3*, Rizki Fitrawan Yuneldi4, Soenarwan Hery Poerwanto5, Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti5, Stephan Immenschuh6 

...;s and offspring’s liver and spleen were observed by using the TBARS Assay Kit, also the superoxide dismutase activities. As supporting data the histological analysis of the mother’s and offspring’s liver and spleen were prepared by using the paraffin method. There were sigificant results in the parasites levels and the increase in P. berghei infection followed an increase of oxidative stress in mothers and...
Effect of Chysophyllum albidum Ethanol Leaf Extract on Haematological and Platelet Indices of Apparently Healthy Wistar Rat

Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1

...tract of C. albidum. The liver marker enzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase showed no significant changes in their serum activity. Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase showed no significant increase after the period of study.

...
Protective Effect of Walnut Oil on Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice

Fujun Miao1, Chunlan Shan2, Wei Yang3, Hao Wang3, Shuxiang Geng1 and Delu Ning1*

...from Juglans sigllata on livers of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were studied. The results showed that serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the ethanol + walnut oil (ETH + WO) and ETH + silymarin positive group (PC) groups significantly decreased, and the lesions of ethanol-induced liver injury were relieved compared with the ethanol (ETH) group...
Interferon Status and Expression of P53 and gadd45g Genes in Leukaemogenic Felv Infection in Domestic Cats

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Tatyana Tabakaeva1, Anna Klimovich2, Michail Shchelkanov1, Eduard Kostetsky1, Maksim Aliev1, Anton Degtyarenko3 

...stics of the kidneys and liver, whose disorders are most critical in the progression of the leukaemic process; 3) Replicative and expressive activity of provirus FeLV in blood white cells (WBC); 4) Concentration of the IFNs and viral p27-FeLV-specific antigen in the blood plasma; 5) Expression of ifnα6, ifnα7, ifnβ1, ifnγ and ifnλ1 genes in WBC; 6) Expression of p53 and gadd45g genes in WBC. The concentration of the viral p27-FeLV...
Effects of Dietary Fermented Soybean Meals on Tissue Lipid Level, Bile Acid Concentration, Lipase Activity and Lipid Digestibility in Pompano Fish (Trachinotus blochii)

Hung Van Mai1, Tuan Duc Nguyen2, Nang Thu Tran Thi3 and Hung Phuc Nguyen4*

...ding plasma lipid level, liver and muscle lipid contents, bile acid (BA) concentration, lipase activity, and lipid apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) in pompano. The FSBM1 was produced by fermentation of defatted soybean meal (SBM) with Bacillus subtilis B3. The FSBM2 and FSBM3 were commercially available products, which were produced by fermentation of SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Five diets were formulated and denoted as FMD (fish meal-based diet), SBMD...
Morphological, Histological and Histochemical Comparative Investigations of the Liver in Young Homing Pigeon (Columba Livia Domestica) and Cattle Egret (Bubulcus Ibis)

Sozan A.A. Ismaeil1*, Hassan Emam2 

...mical examination of the liver. Pigeons were collected from the squab breeder while Ibis were collected from streets at Shariq province. The morphological findings showed that the liver of two species of birds is located in a hepato-peritoneal cavity, and each is composed of two undivided lobes, a large right lobe and a small left one which have light brown to dark red in pigeon and dark red in ibis. The histological structu...
Prevalence, Conventional and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Chicken Farms and Slaughterhouses

Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1* 

...h sample was composed of liver, intestine, and breast and thigh muscles. The study revealed a total prevalence of 35.7% (45 positives out of 126 samples). Slaughterhouse I and II, chicken farms I, II, III, IV, and V revealed prevalence up to 15.3, 23.0, 40.0, 35.0, 50.0, 45.0, and 30% respectively. Initial isolation revealed 14.2% and delayed isolation procedures revealed a prevalence of up to 21.42%. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using conventi...
Effect of β-Casomorphin-7 on Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Aged Mice

Hong Yin*, Dan Yang, Ji-Jie Liu, Jing-Wei Ding and Dan-Dan Cui

...gnificantly increased in liver tissues with β-CM-7 treated. β-CM-7 decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) level significantly. The results suggest that β-CM-7 can change the dyslipidemia which is induced by aging. The mechanisms of the regulating effects likely tend to pass through controlling the oxidative stress and balancing the level between FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

...
Anatomical and Pathological Evaluation of Congenital Anomalies in Calves: 6 Cases

Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2

...tions. Six calves were delivered to the Department of Pathology at the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2017 and 2019. These calves comprised one with anencephaly, one with diencephalic syndrome, one with schistosoma reflexum, two with anasarca, and one with nasal and calvarium openings. After necropsy, samples were taken from the organs, foreseen and routine pathological examinations were performed. Following these procedures, the calv...
Effect of Dietary Natural Growth Promoters on the Liver Function Enzymes of Chicken Challenged with Clostridium perfringens

A.H. Alqhtani1, A.S. Alharthi1, N.J. Siddiqi2, S. Zargar2 and A.M. Abudabos1*

...may cause some degree of liver damage as indicated by the release of AST and ALT in the serum.

...
Substitution of Fish Meal with Shea Nut Meal in Diets of Nile Tilapia Fry on Growth, Feed Utilization, Tissue Histology and Economic Analysis

Mensah Gertrude Dzifa1, Christian Larbi Ayisi2,* and Elliot Haruna Alhassan1

... effects of the diets on liver histology were studied. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain shea meal as a substitute for fish meal at 0%, 25% and 50%. The diets were designated as SNM0, SNM 25 and SNM 50 to reflect the inclusion level of shea meal. Two hundred fry of O. niloticus (initial weight of 0.82g) were obtained from Water Research Institute of Ghana (WA center) and transported to the Spanish Laboratory of University for Development Stud...
Review - Gout In Chicken

Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar 

... surface of pericardium, liver, intestines, air sacs, kidneys and ureters. Microscopically, tissue sections show urate crystal deposition in parenchyma of the organs along with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Incorporation of low protein diets, jaggery mixed water, supplementation of B complex and electrolytes helps in the control of gout.

Keywords | Gout, Poultry, Pathological lesions, Treatment 

...
Effects of Propofol and Vitexin on Apoptosis in Rat Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Jie He* and Ren Yang

...roup. Rat model of whole liver ischemia-reperfusion injury was established according to Pringle’s method. Results showed that compared with propofol group and vitexin group, levels of serum ALT, AST and LDH in propofol + vitexin group were reduced (P < 0.05), apoptosis index was reduced (P < 0.05), Bcl-2 protein expression was increased (P < 0.05), Bax protein and caspase-3 protein expression was decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, propofol ...
Effect of Gum Arabic on Overall Growth Performance, Visceral and Lymphoid Organs Along with Intestinal Histomorphology and Selected Pathogenic Bacteria of Broiler Chickens

Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez, Nazir Ahmad 

...elative weight of heart, liver and gizzard while no significant effect was observed on pancreas and lymphoid organs. Significantly high (P<0.05) villi height (VH), low crypt depth (CD) and high VH:CD was recorded at 1.5% GA in different parts of intestine. Similarly, count of E. coli, Salmonella and C. perfringens was significantly low in ileum, caecum and colon. It was concluded that supplementation of GA at 1.5% resulted in significantly (P<0.05) impro...
Evaluation of Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah

...ressing, carcass, heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen) weight. SPSS packages used for calculation descriptive statistics, correlations and principal component reduction method. The results showed that Bartletts test of sphericity is highly significant (P = 0.000 **) for the three lines. Three principle components were able to explain 82.193% (53.927, 15.188, 13.078 for PC1, PC2, PC3 respectively) of the total variance in the eight variables of the high body weig...
The Impact of Physical Load and Adaptogens on the Animal Work Capacity
Ilvir Khabibullin1*, Ruzel Khabibullin1, Irina Mironova1, Lyalya Musina2, Elmira Akhmadullina1, Victoria Morozova1 
...rt muscles, lung tissue, liver and kidneys, where immunity and blood cells develop. Although the swimming test at the beginning of the experiment showed that mice and hamsters had approximately the same indicators of physical endurance, by the end of the experiment, the swimming time of the experimental group animals was significantly longer. The animals receiving pantocrine turned to be stronger. Their interval time increased by 267 seconds (Đ ≤0.05) while...
Molecular Identification, Tissue Distribution, and Effects of Fasting and Refeeding on the Transcription of Uncoupling Protein 2 in Yellow Catfish, Pelteobagrus vachelli

Fan Da1,3, Zheng-Yong Wen1,2*, Xiao-Dong Wang4 and Yu Luo5

...he highest expression in liver. Two-week fasting significantly decreased while refeeding dramatically increased the hepatic pvucp2 transcriptions. These findings suggested that fish UCP2 proteins are highly conserved and they might play important roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and reducing reactive oxygen species.

...
Ameliorative Effect of GSPE Against AFB1 Induced Immunotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Japanese Quail
Maha Khalil1, Gamal Shams2, Hosny Abdel Fadil2, Nagah Edrees2, Mostafa Abonorag1, Nasser El-Sabbagh3, Eman A. Ahmed4*
Effect of in Ovo Dipping of Sugarcane Vinegar on Hatchability and Day Old Ducklings Quality
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...ive weights of duckling, liver and yolk sac, leg length, relative leg length, and yolk free body weight. However, such interactions were significant for hatchability and Tona Score. The highest values of leg length and duckling body weight/duckling length ratio produced from eggs dipped in nutritive solution were recorded at 17 and 31 d of embryonic ages, respectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that in-ovo dipping in 0.15% of SV solution, e...
Prevalence, Virulence Determinants and Antimicrobial-Resistant Profile of Edwardsiella tarda Isolated from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

...mortality in people with liver cirrhosis. The goal of this study was to explore the prevalence, virulence-related genes (edw1, cds1, qseC and pvsA), and antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. tarda in Nile tilapia collected from Egyptian fish farms. Between December 2019 and March 2020, 250 Nile tilapia were collected from five fish farms located at Dakahlia governorate. Organ tissue samples from liver, kidneys, gills, skin...
Comparative Study of Curcumin and Garlic Extracts as Antioxidants in Growing Rabbit Diets on Productive Performance and Antioxidant Status

A. Samy1*, H.M.A. Hassan1, Fatma T.F. Abd-El Ghany2, Shama H. Morsy2 

...d carcass percent, while liver, heart, kidney, giblets, and spleen percentage were not affected. When curcumin or garlic extract were added at 200 or 400 ppm, Improved the antioxidants status by enhanced total antioxidant capacity also, significantly (P<0.05) enhanced hepatic antioxidants enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) compared with the control. Slightly (P>0.05) decreased in malondialdehyde of all treatments compared...
Therapeutic Evaluation of Fipronil and Doramectin against Brown Tick Infestation of Dogs

Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5 

...e it improved kidney and liver function tests in addition to the velocity of killing ticks with injection.

Keywords | Doramectin, Fipronil, Hard Ticks, Stray dogs, ROC curve  

...
Prevalence and Socio-Economic Incidence of Bovine Tuberculosis in a Slaughter Area in the Northern Sudan Region of Burkina Faso

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

...ans (70.28%) followed by liver (17.57%), kidneys (8.10%) and heads (4.05%). Following the inspection of all the animals during the study period, the urban commune of Koudougou received a total of 1,029,600 CFA francs in slaughter fees. In addition to the considerable losses in animal protein, the financial losses linked to the seizure of organs affected by tuberculosis were evaluated at 206,949.968 CFA francs for butchers without any compensation during the sa...
Effect of Heat-Treatment Duration on Antioxidant Activities of Muscle, Liver and Other Parts of Grass Turtle (Chinemys reevesii)

Md. Serajul Islam1,2, Hongxin Wang1,2,*, Amer Ali Mahdi1, Mohamed Ismael Ahamed2, Zaixiang Lou1 and Fu An Wei3

...PH, and FRAP) of muscle, liver, hard shell, bone, and skin from grass turtle (Chinemys reevesii) by direct QUENCHER procedure. The results showed that the highest ABTS capacity was found in cooked muscle at 10 min (110.133± 4.153 g trolox Eq./kg). On the other hand, DPPH and FRAP capacity were found in cooked muscle at 20 min which were 68.966±0.937 and 37.437±1.027 g trolox Eq./kg, respectively, and raw liver
Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of organic Moringa oleifera: Effects on Modulation of Blood and Plasma Parameters of Ewes in Subtropics

Aiman Al Mufarji, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed* 

...lasma glucose, proteins, liver and kidney functions and minerals values. The results indicated that organic M. oleifera leaves contain protein (28.28%), carbohydrate (47.82%), fat (7.57) and fiber (28.35%). In addition, fatty acid profiles were saturated fatty acids (3.76%), unsaturated fatty acids (3.79), monounsaturated fatty acids (2.39%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.76%) and trans fatty acids (0.64%). Upon supplementation to ewes, M. oleifera leaves cau...
Birth Processes and Related Behaviors of Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkeys in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve

Mei Zhao1,2, Xiaoqin Zeng1, Wancai Xia1, Baoping Ren3,4, Hao Feng1, Fan Wang1, Qihai Zhou5,6* and Dayong Li1,7*

...ribed as assistance in delivery from the other females and resident male within one male unit. During each of the two births, the one-male unit’s resident male patrolled the area to keeping it secure. After birth, other members of the unit showed intense interest in the neonate. Adult females are more skilled and efficient in handling infants than sub-adult females. Our results will serve to advance our understanding of this important life history event ...
Transcriptional Profile and Meat Quality Attributes of Abo-Deleek Lambs Managed under Intensive and Semi-Intensive Production Systems of Egypt
Zayed Mohammad Ali I.1*, Mona Mohamdy1, M.F. Shehata1, Nasser Ghanem2
...ght (49.11 vs. 46.21 %), liver percentage (1.74 vs. 1.39%) and percentages of edible parts (2.60 vs. 2.14%). Our results indicated that animals rose under semi-intensive system has more fat content in their eye muscle linked with increased expression of CPT-1 gene compared with animals rose under intensive system. This could be due to free movement which increased fat mobilization into muscle tissue through up regulation of CPT1 gene required for oxidation of ...
Hepato-Nephrotoxic Effects of Induced Fluorosis in Rabbits and Broilers

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

... effects of fluorosis on liver and kidneys in rabbits and broilers. Sixteen rabbits and sixteen broilers of four weeks age were divided into four subgroups each were given 0mg (control),50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg Sodium Fluoride /liter in water daily for 18 days. The clinical signs and mortality were noted. Blood was collected at days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 18 of experiment, for evaluation of liver and kidney functions. Dose and tim...
Sodium Formate, Acetate, and Propionate as Effective Feed Additives in Broiler Diets to Enhance Productive Performance, Blood Biochemical, Immunological Status and Gut Integrity

Hany M.R. Elsherif1, Ahmed Orabi2, Hussein M.A. Hassan3, Ahmed Samy3*

...ercentages of birds. The liver, heart, gizzard, and spleen were unchanged (% of body weight). Birds fed diets enriched with SF or SP had considerably (P<0.05) longer and wider guts than the control group, and scored zero in intestinal lesions scale. The addition of SF or SP were significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the lactobacillus count when compared to the control, while the quantity of Clostridium perfringens intestinal colonization was not exist. When OA...
Immunostimulant Effect of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Broiler Vaccinated and Challenged with Newcastle Disease Virus

Tri Untari1*, Sitarina Widyarini2, Michael Haryadi Wibowo1, Marla Anggita1 

...ed ginger to the chicken livers and kidneys. Antibody titers in group I, II, III and IV were determined as HI (log)2 average and were recorded 3.81, 2.91, 3.13 and 0.95, while the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 13.9, 8.6, 7.5 and 1.9 respectively. The unvaccinated groups (V, VI, VII) exhibited 0 and 1 as HI (log)2 and GMT respectively. There was a significant difference between the measured antibody titer of group I and other groups (p<0.05). No histopa...
Comparative Effects of Phyllanthus niruri and Plantago major in Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxicated Rats
Asmaa Khamis1, Osama Abdalla1, Mohamed Hashem2, Noha Abdelnaeim1*
... 17 and 32 of the trial, liver specimens were gathered for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants, apoptotic markers, cytokines, and histopathological changes. Our results revealed a significantly increased MDA, caspase-3, p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and, IL-10, and a significant decline in glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the CCl4 group. However, intoxicated groups treated with PN and PM showed marked ...
Phylogenetic and Histopathological Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus (VII.1.1) Recently Isolated from Naturally Infected Quails in Egypt
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
...ages in brain, congested liver, spleen, brain and muscles besides greenish content of the gizzard. The histopathological examination of lung, brain, liver, and trachea of these diseased quails revealed non-suppurative encephalitis, perivascular cuffing, congestion of hepatic sinusoids, degenerative changes in the hepatic cells and interstitial lymphocytic aggregations in the liver and foca...
Hepato Renal Protective Effect of Origanum Majorana against Adverse Effect of Ivermectin in Rabbits
Ahmed Mohamed Elmahdy1*, Naglaa Mohammed Alkalamawy2
...ction was measured using liver enzymes activities (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), g-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total bilirubin, also the levels of Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were also estimated. The degree of renal protection was measured using creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, also the levels of total protein, Albumin and Globulin were...
Application of Phages to Control Escherichia coli Infections in Native Noi Chickens
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
... densities in the heart, liver, and spleen of chickens treated with MHH6 and PR2 phages were greatly decreased in infected chickens. After 98 days, the body weight of birds from the E. coli-infected groups treated with MHH6 and PR2 phages was lower than individuals in non-E. coli-infected groups (1,313-1,324 g/bird) but higher and significantly different from those in the PC group (1,172 g/bird). The majority of commercially important traits in chickens improv...
Histopathological Effects of Cadmium on Various Tissues of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fingerlings

Samia Azad1, Iram Liaqat1*, Riffat Iqbal1 and Uzma Rafi2

...opathological changes in liver, kidney and intestinal tissues of Rohu (Labeo rohita) exposed to sub lethal concentrations of heavy metal cadmium (Cd). CdCl2 was used as cadmium (heavy metal) source. Five concentrations of CdCl2 (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ppm of Cd) were tested in glass aquaria having 35 Rohu fingerlings in each. After exposure for six week, sections of intestine, kidney and liver were excised and studied hi...
Secondary Structural Conformation of Lysozyme at Lipid Membrane Interface Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy

Abdul Majid1*, Farah Naz1, Nasrullah Laghari1, Sanaullah Abbasi1, Sham Lal2 and Safdar Ujjan3

...signing the novel drug delivery vehicles along its already published potential application.

...
Effects of Green Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Ration Supplementation on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters and Liver and Kidney Structure in Guinea Pigs

Nkana Kontchiachou J. Gwladys1, Kouamo Justin2, Vemo Bertin Narcisse3*, Mweugang Ngouopo Nathalie4, Wang-Baa Temoa Christophe1, Awantu Christian Funwi1, Semi Yam Alphonsius1, Kenne Noubissie Christèle5, Tendonkeng Fernand5

...ological sections of the liver and kidney showed that their structures were not affected, following the green anise supplementation. Hence, the feed supplementation with green anise powder at 0.50% in guinea pigs boosted their immunity without side effects on the body functions.
 
Keywords | Green anise, Guinea pigs, Haemato-biochemical parameters, Kidney and liver histology, Supplementation
Development of Colloid Gold-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Kits for Screening and Rapid Detection of Beta-Lactams Antibiotic Residues in Dairy Milk
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
..., fast, and easy to be delivered to end-users immunochromatographic lateral flow kit (LFK) has been developed for the detection of β-lactams antibiotic residues in dairy milk. The developed LFK is based on a competitive immunochromatographic format using anti-antibiotic-specific polyclonal antibodies. Specific artificially induced active acquired polyclonal antibodies production were performed in female New Zealand rabbits against the following β-la...
Modulation Impacts of Moringa oleifera on Thermo Tolerance Parameters and Blood Indices in Subtropical Ewes under Heat Stress
Aiman Al Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Haitham Al Masruri3
...ponses, metabolites, and liver and kidney functions. M. oleifera supplementation with a rate of 50 and 100 g to stressed ewes especially during high ambient temperatures and in subtropics is recommended.
 
Keywords | Blood, Heat stress, Moringa oleifera, Metabolites, Plasma
...
Effect of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Growth, Serum Biochemical Indices, Oxidative and Growth-Related Gene Expressions in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

Xing Lu1, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood2, Fan Wu1, Hua Wen1, Wei Liu1, Juan Tian1, Ming Jiang1, Li-Juan Yu1, Xiang Li3, Ning Xu3 and Hong-Wei Liang1*

...ipase (lpl) genes in the liver of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (P < 0.05). All the above results indicated that appropriate dietary L-carnitine supplementation could improve growth performance, increase muscle protein content, reduce serum TG concentration, and induce the antioxidant- and lipometabolism-associated genes expression in Chinese soft-shelled turtle.

...
Ameliorative Role of Ethanolic Extract of Fagonia cretica on BPA-Induced Genetic Alterations and Histological Changes in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats
Dalia M. Aboelhassan1*, Inas S. Ghaly1, Noha E. Ibrahim2, Nermeen M. Shaffie3, Mariam G. Eshak1, Aboelfetoh M. Abdallah4, Ibrahim M. Farag1
...lpha; and COX-1 genes in liver tissues, as well as the expressions of mdr1a and COX-1 genes in kidney tissues are evaluated. In addition, the histological architectures of these organs are examined. Bisphenol A (BPA) treatment causes over-expressions of the above mentioned genes, and induces massive damage to the histological architectures of liver and kidney tissues. In contrast, FCE treatment with different doses (3.3 g/Kg...
Molecular Diagnosis of Avihepatovirus a in Naturally Infected Duck Flocks in Egypt

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

...mic losses. We collected liver samples from three duck farms representing Muscovy and Pekin breeds at ages ranging from 2 to 4 weeks and located in two Egyptian governorates between August and October 2018. The affected ducks were suffering from a short course of nervous signs, and mortality was high, reaching 75% within 3–4 days. Implementation of one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for processed li...
Liver Metabolism Adaptation to High-Concentrate Diet-Induced Milk Fat Depression

Lin Li1,2, Pingsheng Ye1, Xi Chen1, Shuping Yan1 and Yuanshu Zhang1*

...is study was to evaluate liver metabolism adaptation to high-concentrate diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD). Six Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high- concentrate (HC) diet. The high-concentrate diet caused lower milk fat content and milk fat yield, namely induced MFD. While, the net hepatic TG production (portal vein - hepatic vein) significant increase in the HC group (P<0.01) and it w...
FK228 Ameliorates the Liver Toxicity and Oxidative Stress on Thiram-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Chicken
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1*, Khalid Mehmood2,4, Shakeel Ahmed3, Fazul Nabi4, Muhammad Arif Rizwan1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Mushtaq Ahmed1, Abdul Waheed1 and Jiakui Li5
... ALT and MDA contents in liver, whereas decreased the antioxidant enzymes (SOD; GSH-Px) and ALP values in thiram group, while these values were found close to normal range in FK228 group as compared to control group in response to FK228 treatment. In conclusion, VEGF and Flk-1 genes play an important role in the formation of avascular growth plate, whereas FK228 can heal lameness and avascularized growth plate in broiler chickens. So, it is effectual through r...
In Vivo Effect of Novel Lytic Phage Cocktail against Salmonella Pullorum
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...ect of oro-nasal phage delivery on bacterial population. As prophylaxis, oral phage delivery via drinking water and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed treatment, oral de...
Ovine Intraorbital Hydatid Cyst

Muhammad Kashif Maan1*, Rohma Shabbir2 

...nce of cyst in lungs and liver upon radiographic examination. Rhinotomy approach was used to enucleate the Cyst. There was no postoperative complication after enucleation of the Cyst.

Keywords | Exopthalmia, intraorbital hydatid cyst, proptosis, Rhinotomy 

...
Equine Herpes Virus 4 (EHV4) Investigation in Aborted Egyptian Mares; Molecular Detection, Isolation, and Phylogeny for Viral Glycoprotein B

Omnia Mohamed Khattab1*, Hala Kamel Abdelmegeed2, Mohamed Mahmoud Mashaly1, Mervat Hamdy1*, Naglaa Hagag1, Ayman Hamed3, Hanan Aly Fahmy3, Essam Ibrahim4, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein2, Elsayyad Mohamed Ahmed2

...-PCR. The presence of 16 liver and spleen samples out of 20 (80%) from aborted fetuses were positive for EHV-4, but all were negative for EHV-1. Virus isolation trial for EHV-4 were done, eleven samples out of 20 (55%) on the CAM of ECE were positive. The virus glycoprotein B (gB) fragment (580pb) was amplified in selected isolates using the nested PCR (n-PCR), sanger sequencing of gB from three isolates with phylogenetic analysis reveals the full identity bet...
Time-Based Effects of Xanthium strumarium Extract on Rats

Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1

...ange was detected in the liver and kidney tissues of the rats in the experimental groups. Both hematological and serum biochemical values (Ca, P, TBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, and Creatinine) were within the physiological limits in all groups. Consequently, in light of the obtained data, it was observed that the rats were not exposed to any toxic effect even when they consumed a stomach full of cocklebur fruit at once.

...
Quercetin Improves Liver Function, Decreases the Expression of Pro-apoptotic Proteins p53 and Bax and Increases the Antioxidant Defense of Hepatocytes in Aged Male Rats

Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Eman R. ElBealy3, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen4*

... to deterioration in the liver structures and functions due to oxidative stress and the reduction in the oxidative damage’s tolerance. Quercetin, a flavonoid has the ability to face the oxidative injury through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible role of quercetin in modulating liver’s function and structure in aged male rats. Forty eight male albino rat...
Cranberry Extract; as a Promising Functional Food to Regulate SREBP1/PPAR–α/CPT-1/ACO Signaling Pathways in HFD-Induced Obesity in Rats

Aysam Fayed1, Mohga A Ibrahem2, Soha A. Hassan3, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein4*, Tamer Roshdy1  

...using blood samples, and liver tissue samples were used to determine glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TG, HDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, PCO. The HFD administrated rats resulted in increased total body weight, glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, MDA, ALT, AST, TNF- α and PCO levels, as well as SREBP1 gene expression, according to the findings. However, our findings revealed a significant reduction in HDL-C, GSH, CAT and PON 1 enzyme le...
Interrelationship Between Rumen Fluid Minerals and Biological Tissues of Growing Lambs Fed Complete Feed Supplemented with Clionptilolite

Mutassim Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Majdi Bahaddi1,2, Mohsen Alobre1,3, Riyadh Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan4, *

...ghtered and rumen fluid, liver, kidney, and meat were collected for mineral analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results indicate that there is no significant difference (P >0.05) between the concentration of all the elements in all lambs’ tissues, except for the concentration of aluminum in kidney and rumen fluid, as well as Mn in rumen fluid. Moreover, Mn concentration in rumen fluid was significantly (P < 0.05) d...
Biochemical Profiling of Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Impaired Carbohydrate Metabolism and its Therapeutic Intervention via Modulation of Metabolic Pathways
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash1*, Hina Sharif1, Kanwal Rehman2, Sumbal Rasheed1 and Shagufta Kamal3
...arsenic concentration in liver using HG-AAS technique. ATO exposed rats showed a significant elevation in serum glucose, reduction in serum insulin, rise in insulin resistance and alteration of carbohydrate metabolizing biomarkers when compared with unexposed rats. Arsenic concentration was found to be significantly high in liver tissues of ATO exposed rats. Contrarily, RSV was found to be effective in regulating normal glyc...
Omega-3 as a Dietary Supplement in Rabbits: Effect on the Growth Rate, Blood Parameters and Lipid Profiles

Abdulkhaliq A. Al-Janabi1*, Mohammad S. Alsalami1, Arkan B. Mohammed1, Abdulkhaliq A.R. Al-Douri2 

...ced the growth rate, and liver enzymes, and reduced their lipid profiles, suggesting it would be a beneficial dietary supplement for rabbits.

Keywords | Omega-3, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Dietary supplement, Albino rabbits, Animal feeding. 

...
Determinants of Grooming Behavior in Captive Langurs under Human Disturbance: A Case Study from the Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...lactating adult female delivered higher grooming to the troop members, while the sub-adult male received more grooming than others. We conclude that the nature of disturbance rather than the number of visitors affects social bonding among the captive langurs. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study categorized the zoo visitors’ disturbance into different levels and tested its effects on the grooming behavior of captive langurs...
Use of Growth Promoter in Feed: Tylosin Phosphate and Oxytetracycline Di-Hydrate Show Synergistic Effect on the Haematological Parameters and Biochemical Components of Broiler Chicken Blood
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...a positive impact on the liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminoransferase (AST) on day 42. A non-significant effect was seen on hematological and biochemical profile of liver and kidney of broiler chicken on days 14th and 28th. In conclusion, the study showed significant synergistic effect of TP and OXY on the Hb, RBC and liver enzymes such as ALT and AST ...
A Critical Analysis of the Economic Valuation of Canal Irrigation Water in Punjab, Pakistan

Hafiz Qaisar Yasin1*, Dora Marinova2 and Muhammad Naveed Tahir3

...y and reliable service delivery.

...
Nutritional Characterization of Edible Viscera of an Autochthonous Swine Breed of Assam, India

Rijumoni Daimari, Silistina Narzari, Jatin Sarmah* 

...f edible viscera namely, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, large intestine and small intestine of Doom pig of Assam, India. The samples were collected from semi-extensively reared pig farms of Kokrajhar district, Assam. The approximate composition range of these edible viscera was found to be: moisture 50.67-68.47%, fat 0.47-9.85%, ash 0.16-0.92%, protein 6.85-22.36%, carbohydrate 10.18-24.65% and calorie 124.31-198.16 k/cal/100g. Among the samples the maximum pro...
The Comparison of Moringa oleifera Seeds Oil and Fish Oil in Organ Weight and Blood Haematological Profile in Subchronic Male Mice

Andi Hiroyuki1,2,*, Refina Sastya Qomariyuti1, Najmah Nur Islami3, Vanessa Ayu Sumirat4, Neni Anggraeni5, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2,6 

...amination and the heart, liver, white fat tissue, and kidneys were weighed. The results showed that the average heart weight (0.120 grams) and white fat tissue (0.145 grams) decreased in the KSO group, as did RBC (8.285×106/μl), WBC (2,943×103/μl) and platelets (506 ,5×103/μl), but statistically there was no significant difference in hematological parameters, body temperature, GDP, body weight and liver
Evaluation of Ruminal Degradation Characteristics of Dehulled Moringa Seed Cake and its Influence on Performance of Lactating Damascus Goats

Hossam Mahrous Ebeid1, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer1*, Amgad Ahmed Abu Elella2, Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab3, Osama Hefny Matloup1, Fatma Ibrahim Hadhoud1  

...in, urea-N, glucose, and liver enzymes showed no significant changes. DMSC supplementation increased milk energy content (MJ/kg), milk total solids, non-fat solids, protein, and lactose (g/kg) (linear; P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing lactating goats’ diets with a low level of DMSC might enhance the produced milk (quality and quantity) without any adverse effects.

Keywords | Dehulled Moringa seed cake, Rumen degradation, Milk production...

Comparative Study on Absorption of Heavy Metal Residues in Broiler Chicken Available in the University Campus Peshawar, Pakistan

Zahin Anjum1*, Mubashra Tarana1, Shaista Ali1, Faryal Yousaf1, Amina Rahat1 and Sumbla Yousaf2

...three different tissues (liver, gizzard and muscle tissue) of the broiler chicken for absorption of four heavy metal contents (Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni). In addition, analysis of five electrolytes (Ca, Na, K, P and Mg), moisture content, protein, lipids and ash were carried out. The samples were obtained from five different sites of the University Campus, Peshawar- Pakistan. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was employed for determination of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Ca and M...
Effect of Microwave Exposed Feed in Different Containers on Histological Structure of Liver and Kidney of Adult Mice

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

... on the histology of the liver and kidney of mice. Forty adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups each of 10: Control group was given normal untreated feed, Direct group was fed on food pellets exposed to microwaves in oven tray directly, Glass group was given feed processed in the microwave oven within a glass container and Plastic group was given feed exposed to microwaves in a plastic container. The microwaves exposed feed of all treated group...
Leptin in Darkbarbel Catfish Pseudobagrus vachellii: Molecular Characterization, Synteny and Phylogeny, Tissue Distribution, and Expression in Response to Different Feeding Status

Zheng-Yong Wen1, 2*, Chuan-Jie Qin1,2, Bin Li1,2, Rui Li1,2 and Xiao-Tao Shi3*

...mRNA expression level in liver. Two-week fasting significantly decreased the transcription level while refeeding elevated the mRNA expression level of pvleptin in liver, suggesting leptin may be involved in regulating food intake and energy metabolism in darkbarbel catfish. These findings may expand our understanding about the evolutionary history and functional roles of Leptin in teleost, as well as lay a solid foundation f...
Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Characterization of Immune Changes in the Host-tissue Reaction site of Murine Cystic Echinococcosis

Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2 

...s staining. The infected livers with hydatid cysts from the mice were processed for routine paraffin block technique. The sections of infected livers that were embedded in paraffin underwent immunohistochemistry. Several immunolabeled liver sections with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and caspase-3 were examined under a light microscope. The histological alterations caused by the hydatid ...
Effect of Cajanus cajan (L.) Supplementation on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Biochemical Indices of Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840)

Ekechukwu Esther1, Ohanu Chinenye1, Ossai Nelson1*, Elijah Okwuonu1, Hinmikaiye Funmilayo1, Ngene Innocent1, Andong Felix1, Ikegbunam Clara2, Echude Daniel1, Ekeh Felicia1 and Odo Gregory1

...ative weights of kidney, liver and carcass cut parts. This study recommend that C. cajan be included in growing giant rats diets up to 25% of the dry matter.

...
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fasciola spp. Based on ITS2 Gene Sequence from Slaughtered Animals in Abattoirs and its public Health in Qualyobia Province, Egypt

Lobna M.A. Salem, Nashwa O. Khalifa, Marwa O. Abd El-Halim* 

...alyobia, Egypt, a lot of liver was condemned, which resulted in financial losses for affected farmers. In order to control the disease and raise farmer awareness, it is vital to implement the appropriate preventive measures.

Keywords | Fasciola species, Prevalence, Phylogenetic analysis, ITS2 gene, Public health. 

...
Antidiabetic Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Empagliflozin Combinations

Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2 

...vels, lipid profile, and liver and kidney functions. A reduction was recorded in malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as improved catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of Patched 1, hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip-1), smoothened (SMO), glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (ERK1). On the other hand, the...
Bioinformatic Analysis of the Possible Mechanism of TOP2A Expression in the Development of Liver Cancer

Man Wang1 and Fengmei Yang2*

... of topoisomerase IIA in liver hepatocelluar carcinoma (LIHC) were analyzed to explore the possible mechanism of topoisomerase IIA in the development of liver cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. GEPIA, UALCAN, cbioportal and other tools were used to analyze the correlation between TOP2A gene expression and methylation, prognosis and immune cell infiltration in databases. The expressions of TOP2A gene and protein in tumo...
A Review on Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Animals and Public Health Significance

Maria Al Mazed1*, Md. Ashikur Rahman1 and Sk. Istiaque Ahmed2

...on of growth, lesions in liver and damages in kidney. They are also causing infertility in animals. Chronic exposure and excessive concentrations are also deleterious for the normal physiological functions of human. Consumption of fishes contaminated with toxic metals are neurotoxic and carcinogenic to blood, lungs, kidneys, bones, liver and other vital organs of human. The present review outlines the contamination of aquati...
Phytase in Feed Positively Affected the Phosphorus Digestibility and Growth Performance in Broilers

Muhammad Bilal Munawar1, Saima Naveed1, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani1, Jibran Hussain2, Shahzad Munir3, Ayesha Ahmed3, Mubbashir Hussain4, Ahmad Kamran Khan5, Abdullah Jalal6 and Irfan Ahmed7*

... groups. Higher gizzard, liver and heart weight were recorded in group A and B while tibia ash, Ca and P in group H. Described results concluded that supplementing liquid phytase enhances breakdown of phytate phosphorus, phosphorus availability, digestibility, and growth performance.

...
Potential of Protective Effect of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Dietary Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chicks

Reda Hassan*, Bahaa Abou-shehema, Sherif Zayed, Micheal Gorgy, Shama Morsy, El-Sayed Abu El-Hassan, Mahmoud El-Gbaly, Hanaa Basuony, Ebtehal Hassan 

...alondialdehyde values in liver and significantly (P<0.05) diminished the reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S- transferase (GST). In addition to, dissemination of aflatoxin residue in broilers liver was detected. Nevertheless, dietary addition of HSCAS and SC, in separate and combined forms, alleviated the above-mentioned alterations. The combination of HSCAS with SC was more efficient than having them in a separate f...
Sappan Wood Ethanol Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as Adjuvant and Substitute of Iron Chelator in Acute Iron Overload Rat Model

Rezqita Putri Pitaloka1, Kartiawati Alipin1, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2, Gemilang Lara Utama3, Ramdan Panigoro2, Ratu Safitri1* 

...ron levels in the serum, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, and brain. The results showed that the effective dose was the combination of 75 mg/kg BW DFP and 50 mg/kg BW SWEE as an adjuvant, while 200mg/kg BW SWEE can be used as a substitute for chelators, especially in the heart. The decrease in serum and organ iron levels due to the combination of DFP and SWEE showed their ability to act as an adjuvant and substitute for chelators.

Keywords | Adjuvant, Def...

Physiological Activity and GC-Mass Analysis of Trigonella strangulata, Trigonella filipes and Trigonella uncinata Against Ethanol-Induced Hepatorenotoxicity in Rats
Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla* and Hasan Akan
...inata. The levels of liver enzymes, lipid profile and glucose in the ethanol group increased significantly compared to the control, while these parameters were significantly improved in the groups treated with these three taxa. In the ethanol group, renal function and oxidative indices along with ESR showed a significant increase, while treatment with these three taxa could improve these parameters. These results were also supported by histological finding...
Assessment of Dietary Requirement of Vitamin E for Rohu, Labeo rohita Fingerlings Fed Practical Diet

Uzma Zulfiqar1, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3*, Muhammad Afzal1, Shazia Shamas3, Sadia Roshan3, Moazama Batool4 and Muhammad Bilal5

... between the contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and vitamin E level in the diet. Moreover, analysis of fatty acids profile showed decrease in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). While, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were increased in all vitamin E supplemented diets compared to control group. Furthermore, vitamin E level of 80.62 mg/kg was found optimum for maximum growth performance in L. rohita fingerlings, ...
Effect of Biofloc-based Diet on Hepatic Enzymes of Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings

Ghazala Nasreen1, Ali Hussain2, Komal Tayyab1, Muhammad Rashid3 and Sumaira Aslam1*

...;1) were recorded in the liver samples of the fingerlings of the treatment group T1, while the lowest corresponding figures were noted for the fingerlings of the treatment group T4. These values were lower than found in the control group having 10.50±0.23, 77.25 ± 1.19, 24.50 ± 0.96 and 18.25± 1.19 IU L−1 levels for the ACP, ALP, AST and SOD, respectively. The hyperproduction of the hepatic enzymes revealed dysfunction of the ...
Larval migration of Ascaridia galli causes traumatic

S. Feroza1, A. G. Arijo1†, F. M. Bilqees2 and M. S. Phulan1

... histological changes in liver of chicken, experimentally induced with Ascaridia galli round worm. The postmortem examinations of infected chicken revealed histo-pathological lesions of infected liver that showed traumatic and toxic effects produced by the migrating A. galli larvae. Except on the top, central veins were not obvious. Inflammatory tracts produced by migrating larvae were prominent. Large vein with portal slugg...
Ascaridia galli infection induced gross-pathological changes in broiler chicken

S. Feroza 1, A. G. Arijo1†, F. M. Bilqees2* and M. S. Phulan1

...s viz., small intestine, liver, lungs and heart. Hemorrhagic enteritis and acute fibrinous enteritis with clotted blood, hemorrhagic and reddish spots on intestinal wall, inflammation and necrotic patches with consolidation of intestinal contents were generally observed. Infected liver showed dark red coloration. Severe congestion, chronic pneumonia, exuded in one lobe of the lung were seen, whereas, necrosis and atrophy in ...
Characterization, phytochemical analysis and nematicidal activity of Daniella oliveri leaves against Meloidogyne incognita

O. A. Fabiyi

...l potential of Daniella oliveri leaves. The leaves
of D. oliveri were air dried and extracted with n-hexane, there after acetone. The concentrated extracts were
subjected to chromatography on a silica gel packed column. The nematicidal activity of the fractions were
evaluated in the laboratory using a 4x4x3 factorial experiment, while the crude extracts were tested on
Meloidogy...
Effect of Colebrookea oppositifolia Leaf Extracts on Cytochrome P450 and Glutathione S-Transferase Activity in Rats

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Ammara Abd-Us-Sattar1, Afifa Noor2, Kanwal Ashiq1,3 and Shah Jahan4 

...ehyde were determined in liver homogenates. The phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of many important bioactive compounds. Real-time PCR results showed that aqueous extract decreased the mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4. The methanolic extract decreased mRNA expression of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Both extracts enhanced GST-specific activity, tGSH, SOD, and CAT activity in rats. It is concluded that leaf extracts of C. oppositifolia showed signi...
A Case of Recurrence of Hydatid Cyst in the Liver

Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S* 

...he most common being the liver. Case report: A 29-year-old male presented with pain in the right upper quadrant with radiation towards the back along with abdominal fullness for 5-7 days. Physical examination and imaging investigations were performed on the patient which revealed the diagnosis. Results: The patient underwent laparoscopic deroofing procedure and the cyst was sent to pathology and microbiology sections for laboratory diagnosis. Identification of...
MicroRNA-122 Expression Versus ALT for Liver Injury Detection Involved in Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Eman S Ramadan, Mohamed E Ali, Mohamed A Elkhiat 

...croRNA-122 (miR-122) for liver injury detection involved in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Twelve cats were enrolled in this study. Cats were admitted to small animal hospital, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University. Cats were classified into six apparently healthy cats as a control group and six clinically diseased cats. All cats were exposed to clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, serum biochemical analysis as well as rapid feline...
Antidiabetic and Antioxidative Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Cola Acuminata Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Male Albino Rats

Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria1*, Saka Olusola Stephen2, Olashinde Oluwaseun Ruth1, Alli Smith Yemisi Rufina3

...erous body organs (eyes, liver, kidney and testes) eventually suffer damage as a result of elevated blood glucose levels, which are a defining feature of the metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus. Researchers are in search for safe drugs that can bring a total recovery from diabetes. Thirty (35) male wistar rats were divided into six (7) groups of five animals each to study the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of young Cola acuminata leaves aq...
Regulatory Effects of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) on Hematobiochemical Markers in Rabbits Intoxicated with Paracetamol

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai2, Waqar Ali1, Ikram Ilahi1, Farman Ullah3, Saeed Ahmad1, Ayaz Ali Khan1, Umair Ahmad2 and Hafsa Maria2

...l parameters and several liver related serum parameters in paracetamol-intoxicated rabbits. Moreover, the amount of (DPPH) free radicals that garlic aqueous extract scavenged at various doses was used to determine its antioxidant capacity. There were five groups each of which contains eight rabbits as experimental animals. These groups were, group A (control animals), group B (intoxicated animals), group C (Animals treated with standard drug), group D and grou...
Effect of Different Management Systems on Growth and Carcass traits of Post Weaned Male Kachhi Lambs

Shakeel Ahmed Tunio1, Muhammad Naeem1*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Asmatullah Kaka2 

..., kidneys, and weight of liver of lambs in group B was recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher than the lambs of group A managed under intensive and semi-intensive management systems respectively. Based on the present study, it was concluded that weight gain, body length, chest girth and height at withers were significantly increased in the lambs of group B kept under a semi-intensive management system as compared to lambs in group A reared under intensive m...
Effect of Dietary Mealworm Meal Inclusion as a Replacement for Soybean Meal on Growth, Physiological, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Mohammad A. Al-Mahaish4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel5
...tic increasing yields of liver, abdominal fats, and intestines were recorded with the increased levels of MWM. The carcass breast yield and the water retention capacity and the shear force of the broiler meat were linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05) increased, while the thawing and cooking loss of meat were decreased (p < 0.05) in response to the increase in the dietary MWM levels, up to 6%. Furthermore, some physiological aspects of the broilers, such...
Effects of Feeding Azolla pinnata on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Metabolites of Growing Ardi Goats in Subtropics
Shaker Al-Suwaiegh
...lasma proteins, glucose, liver enzymes and minerals parameters. The results indicated that Azolla pinnata contain protein (32.83%), crude fiber (13.6%), ether extract (1.17%) and ash (3.89%). Upon feeding, replacement diet with 20.0% Azolla pinnata caused significant increase in feed efficiency and body weight gain. In addition, the plasma metabolites (total protein, globulin, and urea) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium) were improved ...
Toxicity Studies of Pimpinella anisum in Albino Mice

Aamir Mushtaq1*, Fatima Habib2, Umar Farooq Gohar3, Abdul Malik4 and Mobasher Ahmad2

...matocrit, creatinine and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and TB) in mice. However, it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the level of ALP in mice but on the other hand it lowered the blood glucose and cholesterol levels significantly along with increase in body weight of mice. It is concluded that P. anisum methanolic extract has a broad therapeutic index and does not produce considerable liver, kidney and blood toxicity. So, i...
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Case Report

Shabana Noureen1, Shamaila Asad2, Saad Ullah3, Iqra Shafique Abbasi4 and Shakeel Ahmad5*

...ithin four weeks after delivery and last for years if left untreated. To describe a detailed case study on the treatment of postpartum depression. AB design was used to report a detailed case study on postpartum depression. Cognitive behavioural therapy was used to treat the symptoms of postpartum depression. After the short treatment of only six weeks, the client learned to manage the symptoms that she was experiencing for the past two years. The study is hig...
Influence of Organic Moringa oleifera Leaves Supplemented during Gestation and Lactation Periods: Modulation of Production Efficiency, Blood and Metabolic Parameters of Ewes and Lambs in Subtropics

Aiman Al-Mufarji, Shaker Al-Suwaiegh, Abd El-Nasser Mohammed*

... and metabolic profiles, liver enzymes, and minerals. The results indicated that ewes suffered from thermal stress during the study and the stress was alleviated due to M. oleifera supplementation. The body weight of ewes (p<0.05) and lambs (p>0.05) were higher in M. oleifera group compared to the control one. Ovarian structures’ development was higher in M. oleifera groups if compared to the control group. M. oleifera supplementation resulted in s...
The Potential of Melatonin and N-Acetylcysteine on Remdesivir Induced Liver Injury in Covid 19 Patients
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...s harmful effects on the liver. Melatonin and N-acetylcysteine, two drugs that have previously been shown to protect the liver with their antioxidant properties, may reduce the hepatic toxicity induced by Remdesivir. Given that few studies have been performed on the role of oral melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on reducing the hepatic adverse effects of Remdesivir, we decided to conduct this clinical trial study. In this doubl...
Biochemical and Histopathological Changes Associated with Fasciola spp. in Slaughtered Buffaloes at Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...ive Fasciola spp. in the liver and gallbladder. The biochemical results showed statistically significant increases in the serum total bilirubin, creatinine, and active serum enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT. In contrast, the serum total albumin showed a significant decrease in infected buffaloes. Moreover, the results of the gross pathological examination revealed that cirrhosis and paleness of the liver with multiple abscesse...
In Vivo Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Basil Extract on Trypanosoma evansi

Esam A Razin1, Hassan Sobhy2, Tarek R. AboElnaga1, Asmaa A. Darwish1*, Rasha S. Mohammed1

...s were obtained from the liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, and brain on the 49th day, stained, and histopathologically examined. Although, both treatments presented a significant improvement (P<0.05) in their parasitological and clinicopathological results, DAG suffered from lower levels of GR than BG, and its organs microscopical examination clarified severe lesions similar to TG. While, BG clinicopathological parameters and histopathological results wer...
Growth Performance of Labeo rohita Fingerlings Fed with Probiotic Added Plant By-Products Based Feeds

Sadaf Aman1, Fouzia Tabssum2, Ali Hussain3, Shamsa Jabeen1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*

...ogical parameters of the liver and intestinal tissues for the fishes fed with plant based feeds added with probiotics. Conclusively, fish production can be enhanced with the addition of probiotics in the feed derived from plants.

...
Identification of Predictive Factors in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Non-Infected Individuals: A Comparative Analysis

Muhammad Shahid1*, Muhammad Idrees1, Afza Rasul2, Iram Amin1 and Samia Afzal1

...ng a key role in chronic liver disease all around the globe. Currently, in Pakistan, it is a huge burden on health and the economy, affecting about 6 to 8% of the overall population. HCV is dependent on the lipid metabolism of the patient to replicate and then disturb the blood cell count and liver enzymes to ultimately damage the liver. To distinguish the potential HCV patients from healt...
Comparative Prevallance and Pathological Changes on Camel Brucelosis at the Selected Slaughterhouses in Garissa County, Kenya

Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao

...epatomegaly with nodular liver lesions 79 (49.3%), enteritis 5 (3.1%), haemorrhages and congestion of visceral organs (lung and kidney) 6 (3.7%). Histopathology of sero-reactors revealed; cellular infiltration in lymph node 9 (5.6%), hypoplasia of lymphocytes 6 (3.7%), collapse of alveoli 5 (3.1%), oedema, congestion 4 (2.5%), fatty degeneration in liver 3 (1.8%) and haemorrhages in kidney1 (0.6%). In conclusion, brucellosis...
Effect of various concentrations of Zinc on Peroxidase activity of Catla catla

MARIUM ASLAM, MUHAMMAD JAVED, FAIZA AMBREEN* & FARIHA LATIF

...roxidase activity in the liver and kidney of Catla catla. To check the concentration based effect, C. catla were exposed, separately, to 96-hr LC50 of zinc and its sub-lethal concentrations viz. 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50 for 30 days at constant laboratory conditions. After 30-day, the fish were sacrificed and their liver and kidney were analyzed for peroxidase enzyme activity. Change in activity of peroxidase enzyme in ...
Impact of Phytogenic Feed Additive on Milk Production and Milk Components in Holstein Friesian Cross Breed Dairy Cows Under Field Conditions

Subramaniyam Suresh, Saravanakumar Marimuthu*, Prashanth D’Souza 

...iglycerides (mg/dL), and liver marker enzymes (IU/L) viz. aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Results revealed that 4% FCM was numerically improved on week 1 (0.11), week 2 (0.46), week 3 (0.56), and week 4 (0.54) as compared to baseline in PTF supplemented group. Milk fat (%) was also significantly (p < 0.001) improved on weeks 2, 3 & 4 as compared to baseline in PTF supplemented group. Se...
Synthesis and Characterization of Various Porous Hydrogels for In-Vitro and In-Vivo Drug (Insulin) Delivery
 
 USMAN AHMAD*1, AMTUL JAMIL SAMI1, MADEEHA KARAMAT1, MADEEHA KHALID1, FAIZAN NAEEM2 & MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF3 
... Transdermal drug delivery seems to be overwhelming and alternative to other means of drug delivery via oral or intravenous. To treat the diabetes mellitus and to get rid of the traditional injection treatment which is a painful process and can cause infections and allergy, the drug delivery through the skin cells can substitute only if the skins cells permeability for the drug is inc...
Methanolic Extract of Neem Plant Inhibits NS3 and NS5A Nonstructural Proteins of HCV 3A Genotype

Ubaida Hussain1,2*, Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Shazia Rafique3*, Muhammad Idrees khan3 and Ahmad Ali Shahid3

...on which can progress to liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatic cancer, and death. The goal of this work was to assess the cytotoxicity and in vitro inhibitory activities of local medicinal plant Azadirachta indica (A. indica) extracts on expression of NS3 and NS5A nonstructural proteins of HCV 3a genotype. Owing to the fact that HCV patients can develop HCC, plant extract has also been tested for cytotoxic activity. Colorimetric analysis was done to determine the...
Human Papillomavirus in Spontaneous Abortion

Enas K. Abo El-Maged, Azza H. El-Salakwy, Safia A. El-Gamal and Gehn Allam

...ll term normal vaginal deliveries were used as a control group. Their age ranged from 17-42 years (mean = 29.31). The age at marriage lies between 16-36 years. All samples were tested for HPV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using one pair of general primers which allowed for the amplification of HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 52, & 58. These primers were designed to amplify E6/E7 gene junction sequences. Twenty nine out of 100 (29%) samples...
Assessment of Hepatitis E Viral Infection and its Effect on Egyptian Pregnant Mothers

A. A- E. Abo-Elkhier1, K. S. E. Abdel-Wahab2, M. A. Ali3, M. A-H. El-Sayed4, N.A-K. Saleh5 and A. A. Atef6

...IgM positive full term delivered women were tested for REV Ag and HEV RNA. Among 120 aborted women. 2.5 (3/120) of them were positive result with anti-HEV IgM. Anti-HEV IgG, HEV RNA and HEV Ag. also 11.7 % (14/120) of them gave positive result with anti-HEV IgG. HEV RNA and HEV Ag. and 5.8 % (7/120) or them were positive for anti-HEV IgG only. Also 13 of 120 (10.83 %) full term delivered women were anti-HEV IgG positive only...
Comparative Effectiveness of Silymarin and Choline Chloride (Liver Tonics) in Preventing the Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chicks

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

...tiveness of two distinct liver tonics (Silymarin and Choline chloride) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as the impacts of AFB1 on the growth performance, liver weight, haematological, and serum biochemical responses of broiler chicks. Six nutritional treatment groups with equal numbers of birds each were created. In a randomized complete block design experiment, each group contained 100 birds in five repetitions and was ...
Impact of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Immunity of the Broiler Chicken, Shedding Pattern and Organ Colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens as Direct Fed Microbial in Broiler Chicken

Muhammad Arshad Iqbal*, Aamir Ghafoor, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz 

...ughtered at d35 and d42, liver, spleen, intestine, and ceca were collected to observe organ colonization. Use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as feed additive decreased the shedding pattern of S. Enteritidis and Cl. Perfringens and may pave way for safe poultry rearing and addressing public health concerns associated with AGP.
 

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Chia Seeds Oil Inhibits Hepatic Resistance to Doxorubicin Via Suppressing Cyp3-A4 and Mrp-1 in Male Albino Rats

Shaimaa A.Tawfik2,3, EL S.T. Awad1*, Hoda O.Abu Bakr1, Amira M.Gamal-Eldeen4, Esmat Ashour2, Ismail M.Ahmed1  

...amination in sections of liver, kidney and heart tissues were confirmed these findings. In liver tissues, DOX resulted in an observable induction in CYP3A4 and MRP-1, while CSO/DOX showed an inhibition in both proteins. c-MYC was dramatically decreased in DOX group, while CSO/DOX group restored cellular c-MYC. CSO/DOX group resulted in a remarkable inhibition in the tumor suppressor miRNA (let-7a) compared to DOX-induced ex...
Therapeutic Effects of Rocket Leaves (Eruca sativa) against Hepato-Renal Toxicity Caused by Xylene in Wistar Rats

Rahma Boukarine*, Leila Hamdi and Kamel Khelili

... pathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were characterized by sinusoidal and tubular dilatation, hemorrhage, hepatocyte necrosis and glomerular degeneration, the effect of ESAE was effective in modified these damages into semi normal.To conclude, xylene administration induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar rats, while the combination of this solvent with rocket aqueous extract (Eruca sativa) attenuated this toxicity thanks to its antioxid...
Cloning and Expression of Interleukin 11 in Bacillus subtilis

Atena Azarniush1, Majid Moghbeli2*, Farshid Kafilzadeh1, Mohammad Kargar1 and Hooshang Jamali1

... by GenRay (China) and delivered to pGS vector. The vector was transferred to DH5α, then the gene was subcloned onto pHT43 shuttle vector and transformed into the Bacillus subtilis WB600. The vector containing the cloned gene was induced within the WB600 by IPTG. The SDS-PAGE also indicated the successful expression of IL-11 in B. subtilis. A band of about 22 kD corresponding to the recombinant protein was observed in positive sample. This research demon...
Methylphenidate-Hydrochloride-Overdose-Induces-Liver-Damage-in-Rats-The-Evaluation-of-Histopathology-and-Some-Antioxidant-Enzymes-Biomarkers

Nawfal Hammadi Jasim1, Yasmeen Jassim Mohammed2 , Jala Amir Salman Alahmed1, Majdy Faisal Majeed3* 

...acrificed, and blood and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analysis . Results: Comparison to the Control Group, the ratio of ALT in the blood serum significantly increased in groups 1 and 2 of MPH-treated rats, meanwhile, the ratio of AST remained unchanged significantly in Group 1. In the liver, MDA and GSH-PX rates were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in 1 and 2 groups compared to the 3 gr...
Effect of Calf Delivery Mode on Ä°risin, Asprosin, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Ä°nsulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Dairy Cattle and their Calves

Meltem Kızıl1*, Ali RiĹźvanlı2, Murat Abay3, Tarık Ĺžafak4, Mehmet Akif Kılınç5, Öznur Yılmaz6, Burak Fatih Yüksel1 and Ä°brahim Ĺžeker1

...cording to the mode of delivery. The study was carried out with 20 Holstein cows and 20 calves born from these cows. Blood samples were taken from cows and calves in all groups during birth, after drinking colostrum from calves and on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days after birth in 10 ml tubes. The levels of the aforementioned molecules in these blood samples were determined by ELISA method. Feeding with colostrum led to a decrease in the irisin levels in th...
Genetic Polymorphism of ACE (I/D) is Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Pakistani Subjects
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
...protein cholesterol, and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, and AST) were measured for all subjects. Genotyping for ACE (I/D) polymorphism was done by PCR assay. Statistical analysis showed that subjects with DN had higher (67%) frequency of ID genotypes and the ID genotype carriers also exhibited higher levels of creatinine (6.2±3.9 mg/dL) and urea (99±41 mg/dL). Moreover, logistic regression analysis also indicated that ACE ID genotype carriers had a 2.5...
Evaluation of the Anticancer Effect of Saussurea costus Root Extract Against Induced Hepatic and Renal Cancer in White Mice: A Histopathological Study

Zahra Abdulameer Al-Zayadi1, Hana Kadum Shanan1, Al Salihi Karima Akool2* 

...al features were seen in liver and kidney sections from the control and other mice groups before various treatments. The various treatment groups revealed diverse histopathological changes compared to the control groups. Various histological features were also seen in low, moderate, and high-dose Sc-RE treatment groups, accompanied by regeneration related to the treatment dose. Severe damage comprising necrosis of the hepatic cells, renal tubules, congestion, ...
Pymetrozine Causes Physical, Haematological, Blood Biochemical and Histopathological Abnormalities in Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...higher concentrations of liver biochemical profile, biomarkers of kidneys, triglyceride, glucose, and cholesterol in fish treated with pesticide. Histopathological examination showed renal tubular degeneration, widening of Bowman’s space and necrosis in kidneys. Different histopathological lesions in liver of treated test specimens including edema, hemorrhages, atrophy of hepatocyte and hepatocyte having eccentric nucl...
Hepatorenal Profile Variations in Occupationally Exposed Domestic Painters

Saba Yasin, Kausar Imran, Komal Mukhtar, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi*

...ct of paint chemicals on liver and renal profile in occupationally exposed household painters was evaluated in this study. For this purpose, 25 healthy male controls and 25 male painters were selected from Lahore, Pakistan. Unpaired Student “t” test was applied to analyse the parameters for statistical interpretation. There was significant increase in Alanine Aminotransferae (ALT), Alanine Phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin in painters as compar...
Protective Effect of Laurus nobilis Extract against Hypercholesterolemia Damage in Male Rats

Amr N. El-Shahat1*, A.M. Abdul Azeem1 and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...he antioxidant status in liver and heart tissues with indicated inhibition of lipid peroxidation by reducing the level of malondialdehyde compared to HCD-fed rats. The results concluded that BLE may have an effective role in reducing high cholesterol levels.

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An Assay to Detect the Impact of Biosecurity Levels of Farms on Broilers Gut Health

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

...rial isolation following liver translocation revealed the existence of a number of bacterial entities. Most of them were foodborne pathogens, in fact, all the groups displayed close levels of infection by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus spp; And Yersinia enterocolitica was also detected on one of the farms. Broiler performance can be affected to varying degrees by biosecurity levels on farms. Higher biosecurity level...
Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Slaughtered Ruminants at Muyinga Slaughterhouse, Burundi

Salvator Minani1,2*, Eric Nsengiyumva1, Anatole Bigirimana1,2, Arnaud Cubahiro1,2, Dieudonné Ntakirutimana1,2 and Vénuste Bizoza1,2

...lence of fascioliasis by liver inspection in slaughtered ruminants at Muyinga slaughterhouse. The liver of each slaughtered domestic ruminant was inspected, palpated and incised to look for flukes in the liver bile ducts. Statistical analysis was done using R software. A total of 265 domestic ruminants including 69 cattle, 190 goats, and 6 sheep were inspected to determine the presence of ...
Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on the Blood Biochemical Parameters and Liver Histology of the Lethrinid Fish, Lethrinus harak from the Red Sea

Zaki Al-Hasawi1* and Reda Hassanine2

...water, sediment and fish liver samples from the unpolluted site, while their corresponding concentrations were significantly high in the polluted site. Mean concentrations of other metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) in water, sediment and fish liver samples from polluted site were significantly much higher than those from the unpolluted one. In contaminated fishes from polluted site, mean levels of blood biochemical parameters, ser...
Effect of Heavy Metal Pollution on the Blood Biochemical Parameters and Liver Histology of the Lethrinid Fish, Lethrinus harak from the Red Sea

Zaki Al-Hasawi1* and Reda Hassanine2

...water, sediment and fish liver samples from the unpolluted site, while their corresponding concentrations were significantly high in the polluted site. Mean concentrations of other metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) in water, sediment and fish liver samples from polluted site were significantly much higher than those from the unpolluted one. In contaminated fishes from polluted site, mean levels of blood biochemical parameters, ser...
Influences of Lipoic Acid and Acetylated Wood Powder on Muscular Free Amino and Fatty Acids in Broiler Chickens

Yoshio Hamano1*, Yasuji Kurimoto2 

... skeletal muscles or the liver. However, it is unclear whether a combination of these additives functions concomitantly or synergistically to improve meat quality. The present study was conducted to determine the single or combined effects of LIP and AWP on growth performance and free amino and fatty acid profiles in chicken muscle obtained under different feeding states. At 14 days of age, chicks were allocated into four groups and fed diets supplemented with...
Therapeutic Effect of Heterologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Third-Degree Burn Wound in Rabbits

Kazi Afsana Homayra Orchy1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Nelema Yesmin1, Md. Moshiur Rahman Khan1, Marzia Rahman2, Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...y sample. Regarding the liver and kidney functions, the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) and kidney function biomarkers (creatinine, BUN) showed a significant increase in burn patients of the saline-treated control animals, whereas, the animals treated with hPRP exhibited the normal range of these functional biomarkers. On the basis of morphology, histopathology, and biochemical analysis, it can be concluded...
Mineral Supplementation in Diseased Buffalo Calves and Impact on Health, Behavior, and Clinical Blood Profiles

Walaa I. Mohameden1, Haidy G. Abdel-Rahman2, Ibrahim M. Hegab3* 

...th, skin conditions, and liver and kidney functions. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in plasma proteins, zinc, and copper were recorded, while malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and MMP-9 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Furthermore, buffalo calves showed significant ( P < 0.05) increases in both ingestive and locomotor activities, while grooming and lateral recumbency significantly (P < 0.05) declined. Mineral supplementation had a favorable effec...
Experimental Induction and Control of Cellulitis in Broiler Chickens

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...ematological parameters, liver and kidney functions were also recorded. Colistin+ Doxycycline combination (Doxyforte®) was used to control the infection. Clinically, site of infection was appeared red, swollen accompanied with increased skin thickness, postmortem lesions in the 3rd day post infection with s.c. yellowish suppurative exudates, pericarditis and perihepatitis were prominent E. coli infected with hepatic subcapsular hemorrhage mostly in S. aure...
The Possible Protective Role of Aqueous Extract of Propolis against Hepatotoxicity, Renal and Testicular Toxicity Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Male White Rats

Khalid M. Al-Syaad1,2

...xposure causes decreased liver, kidney, and testicular functioning, as well as significant histopathological abnormalities. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxic effect of CC and the protective effect of Propolis aqueous extract on CC-induced toxicity in male rats. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were included in this study, divided into four groups; each group containing 6 rats and administered the treatment doses orally by gavage for 28 days. ...
Dietary Sodium Butyrate Supplementation Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Liver Injury by Activating Nrf2 in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Weijun Chen1*, Shiyang Gao1, Ping Sun1, Xiaohui Sun2, Yongbin Wei1, Jingyang Chen1 and Jialong Chen1

...e growth performance and liver health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), we formulated three isonitrogenous diets: the control diet (5.8% crude lipid, Control diet), the high-fat diet (10.8% crude lipid, HF diet), and the NaBT diet (10.8 % crude lipid and 0.1% NaBT, NaBT diet). Each diet was assigned to triplicate tanks (100 L) with 24 fish (14.52±0.08 g) in each tank. Experimental fish were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish growt...
Prospective Biochemical Analysis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Amina Arif1 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2*

...), complete blood count, liver profile, renal profile, lipid profile, serum electrolytes were evaluated in CML and control groups. Our study reported that no significant difference in biochemical profile among treated with Nilotinib or Imatinib tretated groups while in comparision to control group, a marked difference was observed. Antioxidant biomarkers i.e. MDA, SOD and CAT were augmented in control group as compared to CML treated groups. Decreased GSH leve...
The Free-Range Production System Decreases Foot Pad Lesions and the Risk of Bacterial Infection in Broilers

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

Assessment of the Biogenic Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles Prepared from Citrus paradise Peel Extract against Bisphenol A-Induced Liver Injury in Male Rats

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...idant activities against liver injury induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in male rats. In this work, Citrus paradise peels extract used for reduction of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to reduce Se ions to Se0 confirmed by changing the colour of the solution from light yellow to red. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectra), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and Transmission Electron Microscope (T...
Assessment of the Biogenic Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles Prepared from Citrus paradise Peel Extract against Bisphenol A-Induced Liver Injury in Male Rats

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...idant activities against liver injury induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in male rats. In this work, Citrus paradise peels extract used for reduction of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to reduce Se ions to Se0 confirmed by changing the colour of the solution from light yellow to red. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectra), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and Transmission Electron Microscope (T...
Comparative Study of Growth and HSP70 Gene Transcription in Japanese Quails fed Different Levels of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens

Mohammed A. El-Sayed1*, Mahmoud H Hatab2, Heba AEM Assi3, Nashaat S Ibrahim2, Hisham M Saleh2, Waheed AA Sayed2, Birgit A Rumpold4 

... small intestine, heart, liver, gender organs, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius of quails when compared to diet A. The LBW, relative carcass weight, and measured organs of the diet A group were significantly impacted by the interaction of dietary treatment and HS, whereas these traits had no or minimal effects on the diet B and diet C groups. The HSP70 gene transcription level was highest in birds exposed to cyclic HS and fed control diet A, and lowest in birds ...
Review on Commonly Used Veterinary Anesthetic Drugs in Small Ruminants

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...s are metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Monitoring vital signs continuously during anesthesia will provide early warning of potential problems and emergencies that may be averted by appropriate and quick corrective actions.

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Polymorphisms of Somatostatin Receptor (SSTR-1) Gene and its Relationship with Carcass Traits in Iraqi Awassi Sheep

Dhurgham K. Seger1, Rahman H. H. Al Qasimi2, Azhar A. Jaffar3, Salah H. Faraj4, Ahmed I. Ateya5* 

...tics including heart and liver weight alongside recovery rate. Meanwhile, there was no significant effects between polymorphisms of SSTR1 and the remaining carcass traits including live weight, carcass weight, clearance percentage, and spleen and kidneys weights. This study highlights the possible efficiency of using SSTR1 as candidate marker for carcass traits in sheep. 

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Administration of Bee Pollen, Nigella sativa Oil, and their Combination as a Strategy for Improving Growth Performance, Immunity, and Health Status of Newborn Friesian Calves During the Suckling Period

H.A. El-Nagar1, A.M. El-Hais2, M.S. Mandouh2, W.M. Wafa1*, A.H. ABD El-Aziz, K.A. Attia4 

...in, immunity, kidney and liver functions, and antioxidant status of female newborn Friesian calves. This administration is considered a good strategy for raising dairy calves in dairy farms.  

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Study the Effects of Sub-chronic Exposure to Meloxicam on Some Hematological and Liver Function Parameters in Rats and the Role of Beetroots Ethanolic Extract

Salma Jameel Askar 

...ological alterations and liver functions parameters in albino male rats and to determine the effects of Beetroots ethanolic extract in alleviation these alterations. Eighteen male albino rats were used, and they were divided into three groups of six animals each: G1, which received a dose of distilled water as a negative control; G2, which received a dose of meloxicam at 1.3 mg/kg.BW was a positive control, and G3 received a dose of meloxicam and beetroots eth...
Effectiveness of Cinnamomum cassia against Liver and Kidney Biochemical Assay and Hematology in Bisphenol-A Induced Rats

Tehreem Iqbal1, Roheela Yasmeen1* and Faheem Hafeez2

...T and ALP were linked to liver injury and a higher weight in the liver were observed in BPA treated rats as compared to the control group. Similarly, an increase in blood parameters were recorded in BPA treated rats followed by post -treated rats and pre- treated group. It was concluded by the study that BPA have pronounced adverse effects in the exposed animals particularly in BPA and cinnamon post- treated rats as compared...
Clinicopathological Studies on Urine Retention in Barki Rams

Asmaa A Darwish* 

...dney function tests, and liver enzymes concentrations and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in IL-10, antioxidants, total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, minerals, electrolytes, and trace elements concentrations. The DG hemogram clarified a significant (P<0.05) microcytic hypochromic anemia accompanied by neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia, and their iron profile characterized by a significant (P<0.05) hypoferremia, hyp...
Biochemical Effect Of The Protective Effect Of Quercetin After Induced Hepatotoxicity By Cyclophosphamide In Male Rats

Mustafa M. Khalaf*, Rana A. Salih 

... consequences, including liver damage associated with oxidative stress, its therapeutic usage is restricted. The most potent antioxidant among flavonoid chemicals is quercetin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin against cyclophosphamide. An explanation of quercetin’s hepatoprotective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-eight male Westar rats (that weighed 200–250 g) were chosen at ra...
Identification of the Top 10 Core Genes as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Qiangsheng Wu1, Yumei Yin2, Hui Gao1, Baoding Chen3, Jianjun Yu2, Jian Zhang4, Donglai Zhu5, Fang Liu6, Guohong Ge7 and Ya-Mei Dang8*
...ere compared to 8 normal liver tissues to screen out the significant abnormal expressed genes. The potential interactions and mechanisms of these genes in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the functions of these 1495 differently expressed genes enriched in cell cycle, oxidation-reduction and drug metabolic process. Additionally, the top 10 core genes of these differently expressed genes we...
Effect of Lead Toxicity on Japanese Quail and its Alleviation with Dietary Selenium

Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1 

...ecropsy examination, the liver and kidney samples were collected for gross and histopathological examination. The mild clinical signs like reduced feed and water intake, and weight loss in group C, D, E and F was noted; whereas diarrhea, muscular tremors, and lethargy were observed in group C and D. Significantly increased (p <0.05) GGT, bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid levels were recorded in C and D (lead toxicity groups), as compared to control group...
Evaluation of Arabian Camels Milk’s Ability in Ameliorating Glucose Homeostasis in STZ-induced Diabetes in Adult Male Rats

Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari1, Zahid I. Mohammed2, Haider S. Almnehlawi3,4, Ali F Bargooth5, Nawar Jasim Alsalih1, Huda F. Hasan6*, Mohenned A Alsaadawi1 

...this investigation, we delivered fresh milk from Arabian camels to adult male rats that had been given STZ to induce diabetes. Three groups of ten adult male Albino rats each were created at random from the thirty total animals. Control group was given ordinary food and free water, the STZ-Diabetes group received one (ip) injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg), and the STZ-diabetes+Camels’ Milk group received a STZ injection (40 mg/kg) along with daily (...
Residual Levels of Toxic Metals and Estimation of their Dietary Intakes, and Non-Carcinogenic Risks Associated with the Consumption of Meat and Edible Offal of Camel in Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Saad Ibrahim Al-Sultan1, Mariam H.E. Khedr2, Ahmed S. Abdelaziz3, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez4, Tamer Mohamed Gad5, Sabry Mohamed El-Bahr6,7*, Sherief Abdel-Raheem1,8 and Hesham A. Khalifa3
...e offal including round, liver, kidney, and tongue in samples collected from Zagazig slaughterhouse, Egypt and Al-Ahsa slaughterhouse, Saudi Arabia. Dietary intakes and potential health risks associated with the consumption of camel meat and edible offal among Saudi and Egyptian populations were additionally calculated in a comparative way. The obtained results indicated that edible offal including liver, kidney and tongue h...
Evaluation of Inflammatory Cytokine IL-17 and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cirrhotic Liver from HCV Patients

Shafi Muhammad1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza2, Aftab Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq3, Nurul Kabir4 and Hamid Ali1*

...e presence of persistent liver inflammation characterized by the expression of different inflammatory molecules including Interleukin-17 (IL-17). The progression of chronic liver ailments (fibrosis, cirrhosis) towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is determined by the distortion produced in the normal structure of liver. Pakistan bears the second highest numbers of hepatitis C virus (HCV)...
Impact of Usage of Fruit Waste on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Organs Weight and Blood Chemistry in Broilers

Muhammad Shahid Nisar1*, Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Ghulam Fatima2, Irfan Ahmed4, Khizar Sami Ullah2 and Syeda Amber Hameed2,5

...zzard, all other organs (liver, heart, intestine, pancreas, lungs, spleen and kidney) resulted significantly difference (p<0.05) and affected with FW supplementation. Broiler fed with 25% and 50% FW affected positively (p<0.05) to lymphocytes, granulocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean platelet volume while D3 also resulted positively in results of mid-range absolute count. While birds fed D4 (75% FW) resulted signifi...
Farmer Characteristics and Knowledge of Reproductive Management Practice in Traditional Dairy Goat Farming at Simpay Tampomas Farmers Group, Sumedang, West Java Indonesia

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

...of pregnancy, signs of delivery, and weaning of lamb. The results showed that less than 50% of farmers lacked awareness about the length of heat and the signs of early pregnancy. The majority of the participants immediately carried out mating of the estrus dairy goat and more than 75% treated the pregnant animal and prepared a proper place for delivery. A small proportion of <25% managed and weaned the kids. Farmers mated...
Growth Performance, Immunity, and General Health Status of Newborn Friesian Calves Fed Milk Supplemented with Propolis, Thyme, or their Combination, as Antioxidants, During the Suckling Period

Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2

...s, on growth efficiency, liver function, kidney function, total antioxidant capacity, and immune response of Friesian calves from 7 to 105 days of age as an experimental period. Newborn male calves (n=20) weighing 37.92±0.63 kg were divided into 4 groups, five calves/group. The first group (G1, control) included animals without treatment. During the whole suckling period each animal in G2, G3, and G4 daily received milk supplemented with propolis (5 g),...
Effect of Inorganic Selenium Supplementation on Gut Morphology and Growth Performance in Broilers under Stress Conditions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Shafqat Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Raheela Taj3, Fatima Syed3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Muneeb Islam7 and Sumaira8

... of different organs i-e liver, gizzard, heart, pancreas, and proventriculus etc. showed significant (P≤0.05) results in each of selenium-supplemented groups. Overall, 0.3 mg/kg (Basal diet) of selenium showed better results with respect to the positive control group.

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Detection of RHDV Antigen Using DAS ELISA Technique and the Influence of Breed, Sex, Age on the Incidence of RHDV Seroconversion in Asymptomatic Rabbits in West Java, Indonesia

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

Effect of Aloe Vera Extract on Some Parameter Complete Blood Count and Liver Functions Induced by Azathioprine in Changes Male Rats

Ahmed Al-Hasnawi*, Wafaa Kadhim Jasim

..., GSH, and MDA levels. a liver sample was also taken for each of the aforementioned groups to be examined histopathological. According to the findings, azathioprine dramatically decreased the MCV, MCH, and MCHC blood test results as compared to the control group receiving only regular aloe vera, as well as the levels of the function liver enzymes GST and GSH. In contrast to the control group, azathioprine treatment led to a ...
Effect of Berberine on Some Histopathological, Enrofloxacin Residue and Aniti-Diarrheaginic Escherichia coli in Broilar Chicken

Raed Hussein Salih Rabee1, Yahya Sabah Abdulameer1, Walla Farhan Obed1, Noor R Abady1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1*, Firas Hussein Albawi1, Mohammed Jasim Jawad2, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra3

...fically in the thigh and liver. The docking study confirmed inhibitory activity of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of antibiotics. Additionally, berberine demonstrated antibacterial effects against E. coli, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the intestinal broiler received BBR showed improvements and restore tissue near to normal....
Effect of Inorganic Selenium Supplementation on Thyroid Hormone and Redox Status in Broiler under Dexamethasone Induced Stress

Afshan1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyab1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Syed Weqas Ali7 and Assad Ullah8 

...ples were collected from liver, muscles, kidney and whole blood. The whole blood was centrifuged for further analysis. The redox status and thyroid hormones were measured through commercially available kits. The current study resulted that selenium supplementation improved(P≤0.05) the catalase level in the liver and muscles which fight against the free radical and reduce oxidative stress. In the blood serum the catalase a...
Ethanol Extract of Gentiana straminea Maxim Displays Anti-Hypoxia Effects by Regulating Antioxidant Enzymes and Energy Metabolism

Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*

..., catalase (CAT) in mice liver were measured; while SOD and MDA contents and activity of T-AOC, CAT, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) in mice brain were evaluated. In the results, G. straminea ethanol extract markedly enhanced hypoxia tolerance in mice. It attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels (in liver and brain), and elevating SOD (in
Lessons to Learn from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Advances in mRNA Vaccines Against Viral Diseases
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...accine production, the delivery methods, and the essential compositions added to the mRNA vaccines to enhance efficacy and stability. This information ultimately would pave the way to better thinking to combat viral infectious diseases.
...
Effect of Whole Allium cepa Linn. Bulb Slurry on Haematological and Biochemical Components of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2

...sponse, humoral changes, liver and kidney function and histopathology of some visceral organs were examined. Proximate composition of the bulb was determined. Onion bulb revealed presence of carbohydrate (7.82%), protein (4.48%), crude fiber (1.68%), iron (0.5mg/l), magnesium (210mg/l), flavonoids (0.46%), saponins (0.28%), tannins (0.95%). PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC were increased in all treatments but values were higher in bath treatment for RBC (3.0×1012/L)...
Hepatoprotective Potential of Mesembryanthemum forsskalii Fruits Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice

Usama Mahalel1, Barakat M. Alrashdi1, Ibrahim Abdel-Farid1, Sabry El-Naggar2, Mohamed Hassan3, Hassan Elgebaly1 and Diaa Massoud1,4*

...d increased the relative liver weight. Treatment with M. forsskalii extract after CCl4 injection restores the weights of mice to the normal range and reduced the relative weight of the liver. Mice that were injected with CCl4 exhibited elevation in the liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reduction in the cholesterol content, and altered the a...
Protective Effects of Ginger Ethanolic Extract, Chitosan Nanoparticles, and Ginger Ethanolic Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Pancreatic DNA Damage and Histological Changes in Dogs with Alloxan-Nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetes

Rasema Majeed, Alaa Kamil Mahmood* 

...les (CNPs) can improve delivery and bioavailability of encapsulated agents such as GEE. The aims of this study to evaluate the protective effects of ginger ethanolic extract, chitosan nanoparticles, and ginger ethanolic extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (GEE-CNPs) against DNA damage and pancreatic histological changes in dogs with alloxan-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. histological analysis was assessed. The results showed that first group (Control ne...
Field Diagnosis of Avian Influenza 115N1 Virus M Egypt Using Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Tests

Ibrahim l , Madiha Salah and Ikuta 2, Kazuyoshi

...t organs including lung, liver and brain tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 100% for Sysmex avian influenza kit and 86% and 33% for Sysmex influenza MB kit. Thus, Sysmex avian influenza kit was shown to be a potentially useful tool for the direct and rapid detection of H5N1 in clinical specimens due to its high specificity. Additionally, an advantage over the other kit is specifically reacting with virus...
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Identification in Different Tissues of Naturally Infected Cattle and Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAMS) of Emberyonated Chicken Eggs Using Immunofluorescence, Immunoperoxidase Techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction

El-Kenawy, A. A. and El-Tholoth, M. S.

...lung (4), kidney (3) and liver (3)). Hyperimmune serum was prepared against reference LSDV (Ismailyia88 strain). Immunofluorescence (IF), immunoperoxidase (IP) techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in our study. Chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) were inoculated with Known previously isolated and identified LSDV of 104 8 EID5d0.1 ml for virus follow up in these CAMs by using IF and IP techniques and PCR. The ...
An Egyptian Study of Mother to Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Abo Elmagd l , Enas K.; Abdel-Wahab l , Kouka S.; Alrasheedy l , Zeinab E. and Khalifa2, Ahmed S.

...y t012 months. All the deliveries were vaginal. Neither the infants nor the mothers had a history of high risk exposure to percutaneous virus transmission. Commercial ELISA kits for IgG, IgM, IgA anti-HCV epitopes and RT-PCR kits were used according to kit instructions. Dot ELISA for detection of HCV antigen in infants PBNINC lysates was an in house test. Previous exposure to HCV infection indicated by antibodies to the HCV six epitopes was detected in 8/61 (1...
Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes observed in HCV Patients with Different Level of Viremia

Fadia M. Attia and Hanaa H. A. Gomaa

...ic status in HCV chronic liver diseases. 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled in this study. Qualitative and quantitative PCR by real time PCR was done to determine the level of viremia before induction of therapy. In addition, complete blood count, prothrombin time and liver function tests were performed. The results showed that leucopenia and thrombocytopenia are more frequent in HCV patients with moderate de...
Pathological and Virological Studies on Bovine Ephemeral Fever

Eman, M. Abd El-Mottaleb.*; Ahmed, S.A."; Maysa, H.M.*; Salem, S.A.* and M. M. El-Shenawy

...wabs and tissues (bovine liver, kidney, lymph nodes and lung) for BEFV isolation and propagation on Vero, BHK21 cell lines and baby mice. Identification was done by both Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Technique (IFAT) on tissue culture and inoculated mouse brain, while immunoperoxidase technique was done on bovine lung. Haematological examination revealed leucocytosis accompanied with neutrophilia (immature form) and lymphopenia. Histopathological examination ...
Effect of Production Systems on Carcass Traits, Visceral Development and Meat Quality in Fattening Rabbits

Divanildo Outor-Monteiro1,2,3*, José António Silva2,3,4, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

... relative organ weights (liver, kidney, lung and heart), decreased hind part proportions and lower cooking loss values. Furthermore, the hind legs of these rabbits had a greater proportion of muscle and less bone, along with increased luminosity and reduced redness. In conclusion, production systems exert influence on specific carcass and meat characteristics.
 
Keywords | Rabbit, Housing system, Slaughter-age, Carcass, Meat
...
Effect of Fennel Seed Supplementation into Broiler Diet on Their Growth, Physiological, and Immunological Performance

Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2* 

...e carcass yield, breast, liver, and spleen increased substantially (p < 0.05). The plasma total protein and triiodothyronine hormone levels were remarkably (p < 0.05) enhanced by adding FS to broiler meals. At the same time, the concentrations of alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, and uric acid were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered. Additionally, the triglycerides were dramatically (p < 0.05) decreased while the high-density lipoprotein co...
Efficacy of Gum Arabic and Bacillus subtilis Alone and in Synbiotic Form on Overall Performance, Visceral and Lymphoid Organs Along with Intestinal Histomorphology and Selected Pathogenic Bacteria in Broiler Chickens

Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez and Nazir Ahmad

...mproved weight of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas, bursa, spleen and thymus was recorded for the groups studied. Significantly higher (P<0.05) VH, lower (P<0.05) CD and higher (P<0.05) VH:CD in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were recorded in synbiotic group D followed by C, E and B. Similarly, supplementation of synbiotic in group D and Bacillus subtilis group C resulted in complete eradication of E. coli, Salmonella and C. perfringens from ileum, caecum...
Correlation of PGAM2 Gene Polymorphism with Production Performance in F3 Generation of Boer Ă— White Goat Hybrid

Lingang Dai1,2,3, Xiang Chen1,2,3, Jiajin Huang1,2,3, Jiali Xu1,2,3, Meimei Xiao1,2,3, Jiajing Chen1,2,3 and Yong Ruan1,2,3*

...(P<0.01), whereas the liver of female goats was significantly higher than that of male goats (P<0.01). Polymorphism analysis of the PGAM2 gene showed that there were polymorphic loci in the 3’UTR (2435A→G), and there were significant (P<0.01) or highly significant (P<0.05) differences in some traits between the GG and AG or AA genotypes. Conclusion: The production performance of male goats is better than that of female goats in F3 genera...
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Think Outside the Box
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3, 
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
...ion (23.4%), premature delivery (25.5%) and intrauterine growth retardation (16.6%). Overall, 95.2% neonates were identified to have one or more of these contributing factors. Stratified analysis showed that over all neonates of female gender were associated with having more frequency of HIE. Maternal anemia was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of HIE. The frequency of HIE risk increased with increasing maternal age. Lowest the serum pH...
Assessing Analgesia and Motor Block Scores in Male Dogs: The Impact of Single vs. Repeated Dose Lumbosacral Liposomal Lidocaine

Sena’a M. Hussein1,2, Raffal A. Omar3* 

...o enhance the targeted delivery and prolonged release of local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to assessment the effect of single and repeated lumbosacral injection of liposome carrying lidocaine in comparison with lidocaine hydrochloride. A total of 24 male local breed dogs were divided randomly into the lidocaine group that received 4.5 mg/Kg of 2% lidocaine and liposome group which received the same dose of lidocaine carried by liposome. Pinprick...
The Hypoglycaemic Mechanism of Camel Placenta Powder on Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Xiangmei Chen, Burie Bao* and Mo Degema

...ats or the weight of the liver, kidney, or pancreas. After STZ modelling, the blood glucose levels of rats noticeably increased. However, the blood glucose values of rats decreased substantially due to camel placenta treatment from the 4th to the 6th week. Camel placenta dramatically reduced the serum HbALc and GLUC3 content in hyperglycaemic rats. Dry CPP had a down-regulating effect on the levels of SGLT2 and GLUT2 protein, SGLT2 mRNA and GLUT2 mRNA in the k...
Sequence and Morphology of Cysticercus pisiformis in Local Breed Rabbits

Kadhim Kh. K. Al-Khayat1*, Athmar K. A. Al-Azawi2

...ntery, 21.82% (12/55) in liver, 21.82% (12/55) free within abdominal cavity and 9.09% (5/55) in omentum with Significant differences (P<0.05).  The cyst diameters range between 7-21mm. in length and 4-10mm. in width. The PCR amplification results of 14 positive samples for NAD1 (500bp.) and COX1 (446bp.) genes and 3 isolates were squincing and submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers (LC731847.1, LC731848.1 and LC731849.1) for NAD1 gene are 100...
Impact of Dietary Arginine Supplementation on Hemato-Biochmical, Histological, Antioxidant, and Immunity Variables of Geese under Heat Stress Condition in Egypt

Eman Said El-Hadad*, Hesham Ahmed Madian, Mahmoud A.E. Hassan, Mohamed Fahmy Saad, Abdelghany M. El-Shhat, Entesar Zakaria Eliraqy

... biochemical parameters, liver and kidney function, and antioxidant markers were determined. Results showed that RBCs and lymphocyte increased, while neutrophils and Neut./Lymph ratio decreased in G2, however, Hb, PCV, RBCs, MCH, and lymphocyte increased, while WBCs, neutrophils, and Neut./Lymph ratio decreased in G3 in comparison with G1. Plasma total protein and albumin increased, while total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT de...
The Role of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Tempol Against Liver Injury after Acetaminophen Subacute Exposure in Mice

Suhad Mohmmed Alrobyrai1 , Falah Muosa Al-Rekabi2*

...c drug, but it can cause liver damage when taken in high doses or for prolonged periods. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Tempol are two antioxidants that have been shown to protect against various forms of oxidative stress and inflammation. This study explored the hepatoprotective effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Tempol against subacutely repeated acetaminophen (APAP) exposure in a murine model. Fifty male Balb-c mice were divided into five groups. Groups re...
Effect of Inorganic Selenium on Blood Biochemistry under Dexamethasone Induced Stress in Broiler Chicken

Irfan Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Tahira Tayyeb1, Rafiq Ullah1, Muhammad Hanif1, Faiza Khan3, Imad Khan2, Raheela Taj4, Fatima Syed4, Shumaila Gul5, Muhammad Sadeeq6, Muneeb Islam7, Arsalan Khan8 and Khudija Ghani9

...norganic selenium on the liver enzymes, kidney function and changes in biochemical parameters of broiler chicken under dexamethasone (DEX) induced stress. The day old, two hundred (n=200) chicks were bought from commercial hatchery and randomly divided into five groups with eight replicas(n=5) in each group. Broiler chickens were fed with starter and finishing commercial corn based basal diet (BD) with different doses of inorganic Selenium (Se) powder. Group-A...
Leverage of Dietary Spirulina on Physiological Profiles of Black Iraqi Goats

Zahid I. Mohammed

Protective Effects of Tea Leaf Extract (Camellia sinensis) Against Cypermethrin-Induced Toxicity in Gill and Liver of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Tayfun Karatas1*, Betul Apaydın Yıldırım2 and Serkan Yıldırım3

...ced toxicity in gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CMN exposure led to increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH), total immunoglobulin (T. Ig), and white blood cell (WBC) levels. Moreover, CMN exposure led to degeneration, steatosis, and necrosis in live...
Exploring the Protective Efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus Against Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) Expression in Mice Induced with Canine Coronavirus Vaccine

Rondius Solfaine1, Faisal Fikri2, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama3, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama4, Iwan Sahrial Hamid5*

...ectively mitigated lung, liver, and duodenal damage by reducing the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in mice.
 
Keywords | Canine coronavirus, TNF-α, IL-1β, Lactobacillus acidophilus
...
Correction of Hemorrhagic Anemia by Nano Hemosome Carrying Nano Cobalt Ferrite in Rabbits

Huda S.J1*, Nasr T.M1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati2

...O4 NPs by the targeted delivery Nanohemosome. As well as leading to improved cell health and increased RBC production.
 
Keywords | Hemorrhagic anemia, Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, Nanohemosomes, nano-medicine, Toxicity, Rabbit
...
Histopathological and Cytogenetic Effects of Hyperdoses of Vitamin D in Female Rats

Ghaith Z. Hasan Al-Askari *, Eman H. Yousif Al-Taee

...tological finding in the liver is severe and generalized hepatocellular necrosis, which revealed congestion, hemorrhage, and degeneration of hepatic cells. Some sections of the kidneys show vacuolation of mesangial cells in the glomerular tuft. Muscles of treated rats revealed severe histopathological changes under stress from both doses of toxic cholecalciferol, also showing the widespread mineralization of muscle fibers. From this study concluded that both d...
Advancements in Vaccination Strategies: From Historical Milestones to Modern Innovations in Viral Disease Prevention and Public Health

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

...-based and plant-based delivery mechanisms have proven as more targeted and adaptable approaches to boost immune responses. Hence, it proves the vaccines as a big breakthrough in preventive and therapeutic medicine over 200 years and named “Future Medicine”. To assess vaccine safety and efficacy, scientists are now using various model animals like mice, ferrets, pigs, and nonhuman primates before using them for human trials. The other side of succe...
Health comparison of farm-raised and wild-caught Labeo rohita (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

NAILA MALKANI*, IRFAN ISHAQUE, KHALID SHAHBAZ, RIZWAN ULLAH KHAN, ARIFA SHABBIR & ATIF YAQUB

...ps to perform kidney and liver enzymes profile and histological analysis. The results showed that the values concerning liver function enzymes were significantly altered in wild-caught fish as compared to farm raised fish. Also, significant difference was noted in serum creatinine and urea values between the two groups. Histology of liver and kidney tissues revealed signs of chronic damage...
Hepatotoxic effects induced by a traditional oral Anti-hyperglycemic Drug in healthy Mice

SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2

... histological changes in liver of mice. Twenty mice (4-5 weeks old) were given oral gavages of 0.1 ml of 0.00, 31.25, 125 and 500μg/g B.W (Complete). of Metformin prepared in distilled water, for 04 weeks daily. After 24 hours of last dose, the animals were anaesthetized torecoverliver tissues following fixation in Bouin’s fluid and processing for histological preparation using different grades of alcohol and xylene...
Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterization of Fasciola species isolated From Cows and Buffaloes in Thi-Qar province, Iraq

Wesam Jasim Hansh 

...s were isolated from the livers of cows and buffaloes slaughtered in the municipality of AL-Nassiriyah abattoir during July to November 2022. Sixty Fasciola flukes including (30 from cows and 30 from buffaloes) were used in morphological study. Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 Fasciola flukes (15 from cows and 15 from buffaloes) and used to amplified the 28S rRNA gene and amplicons were sequenced. Based on the morphological study and sequences analysis of 28S...
Effect of Alloxan on IL-6 Gene Expression in Mus musulus

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1*, IQRA AZAM1, MUDDASIR HASSAN ABBASI1, MEERAB DAUD1, NADEEM SHEIKH2, ANDLEEB BATOOL3, RABIA MAHMOOD2 & MARYAM MUKHTAR2

...traperitoneally and then livers were extracted after 3, 6 and 12 hours. All the samples were processed for gel run and thermo cycler program, which revealed alterations in the expression of hepatic mRNA (IL-6) in all loads equally confirmed by the results of housekeeping gene β-actin. Gel analysis showed changes in the folds of IL-6 in hepatic mRNA compared to control. These finding led to the conclusion that Alloxan can induce an APR, which is evident by...
Simulation of a Nanoneedle for Drug Delivery by Using MATLAB Fuzzy Logic

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF3, SHAHZADI TAYYABA4, MAMOONA ASHIQ5 & AYESHA AKHTAR5

... for flow rate of drug delivery through a nanoneedle for drug delivery. The outflow rate is measured as 1.32 mL/min through MATLAB simulation. The measurements are verified by the Mamdani’s model and the previous research. The simulated results given in this study specifies that the fuzzy logic deliver an effective modeling presentation by showing good agreement with the parametric m...
Histopathological effects of Lead Nitrate on body tissues of Herring gull (Larus argentatus)
NOREEN RAZA1*, TASNEEM A. SAQIB2, SYED NAEEMUL HASSAN NAQVI3, MUHAMMAD ZAHEER
KHAN2 & MAZHAR HIJAZI3
...fects of Lead nitrate on liver, gizzard, and kidney of Herring gull (Larus argentatus) were studied. Significant changes were observed after high and low concentrations of Lead nitrate were injected to Larus argentatus. Paraffin sections showed major alterations at high and low concentration of Lead nitrate in liver, gizzard and kidney. High concentration of Lead nitrate induced, severe dystrophy along with hepatic necrosis;...
Variations in Hepatorenal profile in Hypothyroid subjects of Lahore, Pakistan

ZAHRA NASEEM1, MUHAMMAD AMIR IQBAL1, SHAAF AHMAD2 & NABILA ROOHI1*

...cts of hypothyroidism on liver and renal parameters and effectiveness of thyroid treatment (thyroxine) on these factors in hypothyroid subjects were assessed in the present investigation. A total of 140 subjects (30 subclinical and 50 overt hypothyroid) between the ages of 15-50 years from INMOL, Lahore and 60 healthy euthyroid controls of the similar age groups from local population were recruited. Additionally, follow up studies of nearly thirty five overt h...
Histological responses in Intestine, Kidney and Liver tissues of Labeo rohita during acute and chronic exposure to Pesticide, Chlorpyrifos

ADEEBA SYED1, DILAWAR HUSSAIN2, UZMA RAFI1 & SUMAIRA MAZHAR1*

...s organs like intestine, liver and kidney were collected and sections were examined under digital microscope. Pronounced histological changes like necrosis, infiltration, atrophy, shrinkage and degeneration of intestine was observed for different CPF concentrations. Kidney sections of Labeo rohita under different CPF concentrations exhibited nuclear hypertrophy, vacuolar degeneration of glomeruli, and occlusion of tubular lumen, cloudy swelling degeneration an...
Frequency of Hepatitis C virus genotypes circulating in Gujrat Punjab, Pakistan

MUHAMMAD NAEEM RAZA1, KALSOOM SUGHRA1* & NADIA ZEESHAN1

...tion is primary cause of liver disease that leads toward liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study designed to diagnose the prevalence of HCV genotypes circulating in Gujrat, Punjab. Blood samples of 3540 suspected patient were collected from July 2017 to January 2019 and analyzed for HCV infection by using qualitative PCR, confirmed cases were subjected to molecular genotyping on Real Time PCR (Applied Biosys...
Genetic evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms with pre and post term births

UZMA PARVEEN1, MASROOR ELLAHI BABAR1*, NIDA BABAR2, TAHIRA MUGHAL3 & AKHTAR ALI1

...cell survival. Preterm delivery is a confused prenatal unfavorable occasion. This examination work was planned to associate relationship of G308A and -238 polymorphisms in Tumor necrosis factor alpha. We collected blood samples of 70 patients out of which 50 ladies gave untimely births and 20 ladies gave typical births. DNA extraction technique was applied. Primers were designed, amplified by PCR and RFLP were performed to identify the TNF–alpha -308 and...
Study The Pathological, Immunological Effects After Repeated Exposure to Tetrodotoxin in Liver of Albino Male Rats

Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim Al-Kaisei

...of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on liver of male albino rats. At the age of 8–9 weeks and weighing 190–200 gm, 60 male albino rats were separated into 3 groups: First group of 20 rats received distilled water and regular pellets. Second group of 20 rats received weekly injections of 0.5 µg/kg b.w. by I/P route, which was equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of tetrodotoxin. Third group of 20 rats received weekly injections of 1 µg/kg b.w. by I/P route, which ...
Study of Ethnobotanical Flora and Medicinal Plants of District Mandi Bahauddin

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

... influenza, diabetes and liver diseases. 60% plants used to cure digestive diseases, diarrhea, cancer, inflammation, stomachache and dysentery. About 30% plants used to cure cardiovascular diseases and ulcers. The purpose of this study is to recognize wild plants gathered for medicinal purposes by the local residents of Mandi Bahauddin and to document the common names and therapeutic uses associated with these plants.

...
Feeding a High-Concentrate Diet Reduces Milk Production is Associated with Endogenous Growth Hormone in Lactating Goats

Ping Sheng Ye1, Lin Li2, Yu Long Wu3 and Yuan Shu Zhang1*

...ent of IGF-1 and GH. The liver and mammary gland samples were collected to observe the expression of IGF-1R and GH. The results showed that compared with the control group, the content of plasma GH and IGF-1 were decreased in the high-concentrate group, and the percentage of lactose and milk yield were also decreased. Meantime, the mRNA expression of IGF-1R in mammary gland was down-regulated in the high-concentrate group. Our results indicated that feeding wi...
Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Rats is Alleviated by Resveratrol Treatment

Bushra AL-Khaqani, Amira Mohammed*  

...the lung (P<0.05) and liver (P>0.05). Additionally, in the BALF, RES therapy reduced (P<0.05) inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). RES increases (P<0.05) the expression of Il10 gene in the spleen, which is associated with T-regulatory and anti-inflammatory processes in the immune system. Our findings showed that RES may reduce asthma by activating anti-inflammatory genes, restoring lung barrier...
Dietary Moringa Leaf Supplementation Affects Heat-Stressed Broilers: II-Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Activity and Meat Quality

Noura K. Al-Suwailem1, Nancy N. Kamel2, Ahmed O. Abbas1,3*, Farid S. Nassar1,3 , Dalia A.A. Elsayed4, Gouda F. Gouda1,5, Hosam M. Safaa6

...tinine, urea levels, and liver enzymes activity were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The carcass yield and meat quality showed significant (P<0.05) deterioration in response to heat exposure. MLM administration to the basal diet significantly enhanced blood metabolite levels, hematological parameters, antioxidant activities, carcass yield, and meat quality in broiler chickens exposed to HS. Thus, we have confirmed the potentiality of using dietary MLM ...
Effects of Heat Stress on Some Productive and Histological Traits in Broiler Feed 3% and 5% Mint Powder Supplement

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...gical examination of the liver and small intestine, all treated groups exhibited normal organs without adverse gross or microscopic changes, while the positive control group that exposed to heat stress without mint treatment, showed macroscopic and microscopic deleterious alterations, especially in the livers. The livers displayed swelling, congestion, paleness, edema, and enlargement with...
Tupaia belangeri (Wagner, 1841), a Northern Treeshrew is an Animal Model of Metabolic Healthy Obesity

Yanfei Cai1, Jiahong Feng1 and Wanlong Zhu1,2,3*

...flammatory response, and liver fat accumulation, etc. We found that T. belangeri had no metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia after obesity, and there were also no typical obesity complications such as diabetes, inflammation, or fatty liver. To sum up, we suggest that T. belangeri can be used as an animal model of metabolic healthy obesity, and the special model organism of metabolic...
Protective Effect of Selenium Against Arsenic-Induced Hematological, Biochemical Alteration, and Organ Development Anomalies in Adult Female Mice

Md. Khayrul Basher1, Sumon Sarkar2,3, Md. Samiul Haque1, Sourav Sarker4, Md. Rashedul Islam1*

...n and consistency of the liver and lung than the control group. It’s interesting to note that co-administration of sodium selenite markedly mitigated all the changes caused by arsenic-induced alteration of hematological parameters, serum biochemical parameters, organ to body weight ratio (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The current study provides compelling evidence for the protective effectiveness of the co-administration of Na-selenite ...
BRYOPHYTES FLORA OF SHERINGAL VALLEY DIR UPPER KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN

Ali Hazrat1*, Qasir Ali2, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

...genera, 14 families), 16 liverwort species comprising 13
genera and 8 families were recorded. Whereas, hornworts were represented by only two
species from the target area. Sheringal valley has a more typical tropical bryoflora, fewer
thallose liverworts and moss taxa were also found. A richer habitat variety including dry
and wet habitats, as well as its bigger area, seem to ac...
Synergistic Hepatoprotective Effect of Chrysin and Ginkgo biloba Against Lead Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rats

Afrah Adil Hassan1*, Hawraa F. H. Alowaid1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2 

... of Pb+2 on histological liver profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities in male adult rats. Adult male Wistar rats (250±10 g) were divided into four groups: group I (n = 6) served as the control and received 2.5 mg NaCl/kg/day as a sodium chloride solution, group II (n = 6) received 2.5 mg/kg/day as lead chloride solution orally, group III (n = 6) received 50 mg Chy and 50 mg Gnk/kg/day, and group IV (n = 6) received 50 mg Chy, 50 mg Gnk, and 2.5 mg P...
Evaluation of the Immune Effect of Oral Sustained-Release Vaccine pcDNA3-3-1E-PLGA Microsphere of Eimeria acervulina in Chicken

Liyun Chang1*, Yumei Cai1, Chenghui Li1 and Jianhua Qin2*

...he chickens after oral delivery of oral sustained-release vaccine pcDNA3-3-1E-PLGA microspheres of Eimeria acervulina.

...
Hermetia illucens Larva Meal as Fish Meal Alternative to Improve Growth, Hematological and Hepatic Enzyme Parameters of Broilers

Nguyen Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Qui*

...ow any effects on heart, liver and gizzard. The study also recorded longer small intestine in treatment of 30% HIM replacement. Furthermore, cooking loss and pH of breast and thigh meat was not different (P>0.05). A significant effect of HI in replacing FM recorded in immune organ weights, especially, improving bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (P<0.05). The inclusion of 15% and even 30% HI in diets to replace FM did not record changes in hematologica...
Histomorphological and Histochemical Study of Esophagus and Stomach in the Neonate Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

... animal facility until delivery to obtain neonate guinea pigs. Ten pups were separated from their mothers on the second day of their lives and euthanized using an overdose of ketamine HCl (85-95 mg/kg BW). The topographic position of organs was observed in situ, and samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine histological procedures. The results showed that in neonate guinea pigs, the esophagus was a narrow muscular tube approximately 1...
Evaluation of Date Pit Flour (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Feed on Internal Organs, Growth Performances, and Carcase of Broiler Chickens

Muhammad Choirur Roziqin1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*, Osfar Sjofjan2

...organs which include the liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, and pancreas, as well. However, the use of date pit flour in feed has a very real effect (P<0.01) on body weight gain, carcase percentage, abdominal fat, and cholesterol. In conclusion, date pit flour feed was recommended as an alternative feed for broiler chickens.
 
Keywords | Broiler chicken, Carcase, Internal organs, Growth performance, Date pit flour
...
Effectiveness of Aqueous Versus Alcoholic Extracts of Melia azedarach in Amelioration of Lipid Profile, Liver Enzymes and Innate Inflammatory Indices for White New Zealand Rabbits

Marah Salim Hameed1, Raad Mahmood Hussein Al Zubaidi2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy3*

...ration of lipid profile, liver enzymes and innate Inflammatory indices for white New Zealand rabbits. Thirty adult white New Zealand male rabbits were classified equally in to 3 groups, G1 were administrated 28mg/day of aqueous extract of Melia azedarach for 14 days, G2, were administrated 28mg/day of ethanolic extract of Melia azedarach for 14 day, G3 administrated pellets and green food for 14 days. Blood samples were taken at (0, 7, 14) days for separation ...
Evidence for Non-Toxicity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum, a Commonly Used Nigerian Folk Medicine

Kingsley O. Omeje1, Juliet N. Ozioko2, Amaechi L. Ogara2, Benjamin O. Ezema2* and Dilibe C. Urama3

...t show alteration in the liver function. Hence, prolonged consumption of the extract has not shown any sign of toxicity and may not predispose the animal to cardiovascular diseases.

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Yucca schidigera Liquid Extract Enhances Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Liver Antioxidative Function, and Welfare Indices of Broilers

Asad Sultan1, Ziaul Islam2*, Faiza Shahzadi3, Sarzamin Khan1, Rafiullah Khan1 and Ihsan Ali4

...e, nutrient utilization, liver anti-oxidative function, and welfare indices of commercial broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were divided into four treatment groups (80 chicks/group). The first control group (G1) was fed with the basal diet without supplementation of Y. schidigera extract. The second, third and fourth groups (G2, G3, and G4) were fed with Y. schidigera extract supplementation rate of 5, 10, and 15ml/200L to drinking water, re...
Toxicity, Histological, Hepato-Somatic Index and Growth Responses of Cadmium Stressed Labeo rohita

Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4

... the growth performance, liver histology and hepato-somatic index of Labeo rohita. The test was conducted in two phases. In the primary phase, the 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of water borne cadmium for fish L. rohita were determined as 12.38mgL-1 and 23.6mgL-1, respectively. In secondary phase, fish was subjected to sub-lethal (1/3rd of LC50) value of cadmium for 60-days. Result showed significant decrease in daily weight gain, daily length gain, condi...
Taxonomic study and medicinal importance of three species of the genus Artemisia Linn.
Rizwana Aleem Qureshi*, Mushtaq Ahmad**, Zaheer Yousaf* and Muhammad Arshad*
...m is as cure against liver diseases....
Mycorrhizal associations in rock crevices Vasicular Arbuscular mycorrhizal infections in decaying aerial portions of Adiantum capillus-veneria L. Induced by VA mycorrhizal Bryophytes in rock crevices at Khanspur
S. H. Iqbal and Firdaus-e-Bareen
... thallus and rhizoids of liverworts (Marchantia palmate) while many types of vesicles occurred in the rhizoids, stem and leaves of mosses. At the approach of winter the aerial fronds of ferns and other plants in the rock crevices start senescing. The fine rhizoids of mosses and liverworts were observed penetrating the decaying aerial portions of Adiantum capillus-veneris L., making them heavily VA mycorrh...
Adverse Histo-Physiological Damages of Increasing Consummation of Puma (Super Fat) on Female Rats

Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-Badry

...super fat) on kidney and liver functions and histopathological alterations of these organs. The total number of animals in present experiment was thirty two of adult female rats, It were divided into two groups (16/each), the first group which gave distilled water as control group while the second group was divided into three subgroups (A, B and C) which treated with nutritional supplement Puma (super fat) at (250 mg/kg body weight) for three periods (one, two...
Emerging Business: Cut-Rose and Gladiolus Production by Small-Scale Florists in Pakistan

Muazzam Hashmi1, Braima Pascal Komba1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2*, Almazea Fatima1, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3

...farming is expected to deliver more positively than gladiolus (1.35) production. The maximum likelihood estimates found that cut rose florists produce efficiently regarding the total area cultivated, irrigation cost, and harvest cost as measured against gladiolus farmers. Since flower cultivation seems profitable, the government and other stakeholders should provide training facilities and appropriate planting materials for florists to produce effectively and ...
Advances in Immunotherapy Targeting Cancer with Next-Generation Checkpoint Inhibitors

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

...tibodies, nanoparticle delivery systems, etc. The novel humanized next-generation checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate various antagonistic activity against multiple immune checkpoints as well as resistance mechanisms at the same time. It follows from here that these can offer a promising prospect of outcomes improvement as well minimization of off-target effects. These studies deliver the information about a growth of immunoth...
Modifying the Design of Pond Production Systems can Improve the Health and Welfare of Farmed Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Wasseem Emam1, Mohamed E. Bakr2*, Marwa F. Abdel-Kader3, Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim4, Ashraf I.G. Elhetawy4 and Radi A. Mohamed1
...une status (i.e., better liver and kidney function, higher antioxidant activity and lysozyme count; p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that low-cost interventions that introduce thermal gradients in aquaculture systems may hold promise for improving health and welfare status of farmed fish in developing countries.

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Toxicity Assessment Due to Chronic Exposure to Manganese in Male Wistar Rat

Hala Harifi*, Mouloud Lamtai*, Siham Ait Salhi, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui, Omar Akhouayri, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Leila Bikjdaouene

...and their organ weights (liver and kidneys) were recorded. Our results indicate signs of intoxication resulting from chronic exposure to Mn. Specifically, doses of 25 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg were found to be toxic and adversely affect the general condition of the rats. In contrast, the 6 mg/kg dose showed no adverse effects when compared to the 25 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg doses. Additionally, the 40 mg/kg dose proved to be lethal. Weight changes were observed in rats inj...
Impact of Ova Injection with Zinc Methionine on Some Blood Parameters and Glycogen Level of Broiler Chickens’ Exposed to Feed Fasting

Salman K.A.A1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*

...wer than that of T1. The liver glycogen in treatment T4 was substantially more significant at 6 and 12 o’clock than in treatment T1 and the other treatments. Treatment T1 had a considerably lower concentration of liver glycogen at 24 o’clock than the other treatments, while treatments T3 and T4 had significantly lower concentrations of the same substance at 48 o’clock. Heart glycogen levels in T3 and T4 wer...
Functional and Histological Signs of Early Detection of Liver and Kidney Stress Under the Influence of Tramadol Oral Administration in Male Rats

Hawraa F.H. Alowaid1*, Afrah Adil Hassan1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

... for how TML damages the liver and kidneys. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the potential contribution of oxidative stress dysfunction to the etiology of renal and hepatic injury brought on by TML. For this purpose, male adult rats were treated with TML (15 and 30 mg/kg/day oral administration) 30 days in a row. A significant decrease in liver and kidney tissue SOD, CAT, NO, and MAD was detected in TML gr...
Biochemical and Histological Effects of Long-Term Administration of Estrogen on Female Mice

Talal Jabal Hussen1, Sattar J.J. Al-Shaeli1*, Baidaa H.R. Al-Mahna2, Hasanain A.J. Gharban3

...logical structure of the liver, spleen and kidney. An overall 40 BALB/c adult female mice were selected, acclimated, and divided randomly and equally into control (non-received estrogen) group and estrogen group. After 35 days of estrogen therapy, blood samples and tissue sections were collected from all study animals for biochemical assays and histology detection. The obtained data show that the biochemical markers displayed significant increased in estrogen ...
Effect of False-Positive Syphilis Spirochete-Specific Antigen on Pregnancy

Li Wang, Feifei Feng, Kefei Peng, Yan Zhang and Ling Zhou*

...pregnant women who had delivered at our center, and screened for syphilis by using CIA during early pregnancy from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Pregnancy outcomes of syphilis false-positive group were compared with those of syphilis negative group. Total of 16,935 singleton pregnant women were included in present study Compared with negative group, false-positive group shows older delivery age, smaller gestational w...
Hepatoprotective Effects of Tamarix dioica Leaf Extracts on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Tahani Ahmad Al-Matrafi1, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh2, Mamdoh S. Moawadh2, Waheeb S. Aggad3, Rawabi Mohamed almuhimed4, Zamzam Alhuwaymil5, Aishah E Albalawi6, Ifat Alsharif7, Hailah M. Almohaimeed8, Fatima S. Alaryani9 and Mona H. Soliman10,11*

...ial was assessed through liver function indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, and total protein in blood serums), hepatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx in liver homogenate), and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, COX2), along with other liver biomarkers. Histopathological alterations in the liver were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eo...
Enhancing Growth Performance, Immunity, and Gut Morphology in Quails through Oyster Mushroom Stem Waste Supplementation

Jamal Abdul Nasir1, Naila Chand1, Abdul Hafeez1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...s, all without affecting liver and kidney functions. The most favorable outcomes were achieved when oyster mushroom stem waste was incorporated at a 3% level in the feed.

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The Leptin Hormone Administration on the Estrus Intensity and the Appearance Time of Postpartum Estrus in Primiparous Bali Cattle

Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi1*, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Trilaksana1, I. Wayan Sukernayasa1, Nyoman Oka Widiarta2, I. Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan1, I Made Merdana3

...ease the interval from delivery until the next estrus cycle. The mobilization of energy reserves stored in adipose tissue increases when there is a negative energy balance after childbirth. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that plays a role in conveying metabolic information to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of the ovary. Therefore, this study aims to show that leptin can increase the estrus intensity and the appearance time of postpartum estrus...
Antioxidant Role of Nano-Piperine and Ascorbic Acid in Some Blood Parameters and Liver in Dexamethasone Treated Male Rats
Saadeya Ali Lefelef Al-Gnami1, Fatima Ibrahim Mohammad2, Huda Jassim Mohammed Al-Helali3
...ral blood parameters and liver tissue in male rats treated with dexamethasone. The forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Nanopiperine (15 mg/Kg.B.W) was given orally to the T1 group. Vitamin C (25 mg/Kg.B.W) was given orally to the T2 group. The T3 group received orally dexamethasone (2 mg/Kg.B.W). Nanopiperine and dexamethasone were given orally to the T4 group at the same dose. The T5 group received a single oral dosage of vitamin C an...
Molecular Sequencing Analysis of Fasciola Spp. in Sheep

Israa M. Essa*, Ghazi Y. Azzal, Alaa Tariq Abdulwahid

...ence rate of Fasciola in livers of 361 slaughtered sheep at Basra province (Iraq) with molecular testing and phylogenetic analysis of obtained flukes in the National Center For Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The findings showed that 8.03% of livers were infected with Fasciola spp., in which, juvenile flukes were observed significantly (79.31%) when compared to adults (20.69%). Based on morphology, all adult flukes were di...
Exploring Multiple Impacts of Dietary Tea Supplements on Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

...ct urea synthesis in the liver.
 
Keywords | Blood profile, Digestibility, Meta-analysis, Performance, Ruminants, Tea leaf products
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Assessment if Time-Alteration in the Fixative Procedure of Five Types of Fixatives on the Output Precision and Digital Analysis of Tissue Architecture Images
Alaa H. Sadoon1, Zainab Abdulimam Majeed2, Majdy Faisal Majeed1*
...ke’s fixatives, on liver tissue at five distinct fixation durations, inclusive of 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Routine histological preparations included H and E stains to evaluate the quality and structure of the tissues. Competitive results exhibited that amongst all the fixatives, Formalin and Zenker,s had higher effectiveness for short-term fixation (6,12 and 24 hrs). For Bouin’s fluid, the tissues were far more preferable at 12- and 24-hours f...
Cardio-Protective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Against Nitrofurantoin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rabbits

Mohammed Haider Asker1*, Yahya Fawzi Hashim2, Huda Hamid Mohsen3

...rosis and vacuolation in liver tissue in animals in group G3 and G4 compared to animals in G2. Respectively, in conjunction with the results for groups with no differences in serum CRP levels (0. 24 ± 0. 003 mg/dL), the animals in G4 showed aortic subintimal vacuolation points towards a modulatory effect also observed with CoQ10. These results clearly conclude that CoQ10 can ameliorate all the drug-induced side effects in the cardiac muscles and also po...
Unveiling the Mysteries of Oxidative Stress: An Insightful Review of Recent Studies

Baraa Najim Al-Okaily 

... oxidative stress on the liver, kidneys, and other organs. Achieving a full understanding of the fundamental concept of stress is crucial as it facilitates an intimate understanding of the causes of stress. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants, resulting in a disturbance of regulation and potential damage to molecules and cells. Thus, this review is designed to highlight the important roles of oxidative stress...
Immunity and Glycogen Metabolism of Laying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Manganese Sulfate During the Force Molting

Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi1, Majeed Ajafar2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory2 * 

...(P ≤ 0.05) the lowest liver glycogen levels at one, three, and six weeks. Additionally, hens in G1 and G2 respectively had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the lowest heart glycogen levels at one and six weeks, while hens in G1 and G4 respectively showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the lowest muscle glycogen levels at one and three weeks. These results showed that addition of manganese to chicken diet improved their immune status, and metabolic state during forc...
Effects of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis on the Performance, Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity, and Neurotoxicity in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1 

...ange was detected in the liver (P=0.088). Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities significantly increased in the gills and liver (P=0.001). Additionally, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly elevated in both the gills and liver (P=0.006). Neurotoxicity assessment through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain showed no significant difference (P=0.952). The ZnONPs ...
Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Drug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Chicken with a Zoonotic Perspective

Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*

...oss lesion scores in the liver, cecum, colon, spleen, heart, and lungs compared to the E. coli-infected group. These findings solidified our central hypothesis which was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of ZnO-NPs against pathogenic bacterial strain of E. coli in broiler chicken as a powerful, safe alternative to antibiotics.
 
Keywords: Nano-production of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), Spe...
Perceptions of Small Scale-Farmers with Regard to Agricultural Knowledge and Information System: Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3

...r consistent knowledge delivery. All in all, the review reveals insight into the multifaceted difficulties faced by small-scale farmers in getting to vital agricultural information and underscores the need of fitted mediations to improve their admittance to significant knowledge.

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Protective Effects of Broccoli Aqueous Extract on Hypothyroidism and Retrogression of Liver Functions Induced by Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Albino Male Rats

Saher Mahmood Jwad1, Tamadhur Hani Hussein2, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini2* 

...ase in the activities of liver enzymes, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxide, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in the paracetamol treatment group compared to the other study groups. Conversely, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, triiodothyronine, and thyroxin levels were desirably decreased in the paracetamol treatment group compared to the other study groups. Otherwise, the two experimental groups that orally received broccoli aqueous extract + p...
Effect of Different Diet’s Composition on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Channa marulius

Muhammad Khubaib1*, Muhammad Salman Khan1, Zia Ur Rahman2, Nafees Ahmad1, Muhammad Atif Haider1 and Mushtaq Ahmad Khan3

...erent diets i.e. chicken liver, BSF-larvae, commercial feed and beef mince- having different protein levels were administered to compare their suitability as food for the rearing of C. marulius for 45 days. The fry fed with chicken liver and BSF-larvae showed significantly better result in terms of weight and length gain. The survival rate of C. marulius fed with chicken liver, BSF-larvae,...
Effect of Propranolol in Hepatic Blood Flow: A Way to Encounter Phenytoin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rabbits

Hina Abrar1*, Hina Yasin1, Hira Naeem2, Rabia Bushra1, Shaukat Mahmood2 and Kaneez Fatima3

...eatment level of various liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and bilirubin (BRB) were measured and compared with the normal values. Additionally, histological examination was done through micrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to estimate the intensity of hepatotoxicity induced by PHY and PHY with PRL. Animals received PHY alone treatment showed a significant elevatio...
Effect of Sodium Levels on Growth Performance, Haematological Indices and Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quail in a Humid Tropical Environment

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun1,2*, Olusegun O. Ikusika1, Conference T. Mpendulo1

... relative organs’ (liver, heart, gizzard and neck) weights were similar (P>0.05) irrespective of dietary Na supplementation. In conclusion, the performance of the Japanese quail from 22 to 42 days appears to be at an optimum range of 0.187% to 0.231% for dietary Na supplementation.
 
Keywords | Carcass traits, Coturnix coturnix Japonica, Growth performance, Haematology, Sodium
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Ameliorative Effect of Dietary Silybum marianum on the Exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to Sublethal Doses of Lead Acetate

Abd El-Alim F. Abd El-Alim1, Abdelhakeem El-Murr2*, Tahsein Hasan1

...chromis niloticus, lead, liver enzyme, oxidative stress, Silybum marianum, growth
...
Protective Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Meloxicam-Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicities in Rats with relation to their Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Confirmation

Adham Omar Mohamad Sallam1*, Ashraf Abd El-Hakem Ahmed El-Komy1, Enas Abdulrahman Hasan Farag2, Samar Saber Ibrahim3

... histological changes in liver and kidney tissues. This study addresses a significant gap in understanding how GSE can counteract NSAID toxicity, with potential clinical implications for safer long-term NSAID use. GSE administration significantly reversed the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine caused by Meloxicam toxicity. Additionally, oxidative stress markers such as malon...
Effect of Biocid® as a Feed Additive on Growth, Blood, Immunity and Bacteriological Indices of Chicken Broilers

Dalia Hamid Mansour1, Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem2, Marwa Hassan3, Yousry Ibrahim4, Ibrahim M. Hegab5*

...including total protein, liver enzymes, creatinine Alkaline Phosphatase and urea in serum did not show any significant alterations between treatment groups. Spleen, thymus and bursa were remarkably (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P=0.0007, respectively) increased in weight in Group A (2.33±0.74, 4.05±1.28 and 7.88±2.49, respectively) compared to other treatment groups. Total coliform and lactobacillus counts were significantly (P=0.02 and P=...
Genetic Evolution Correlated with Pathogenicity of H9N2 Circulated in Lower Egypt during 2022

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...y also affect the heart, liver pancreas, and proventriculus. Also, the spleen showed severe lymphoid depletion and necrosis causing immunosuppression. Regular virus monitoring and study of the pathogenicity is necessary for better control of virus infection.
 
Keywords: H9N2, Genetic evolution, Pathogenicity, Histopathology, Avian influenza
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Effects of Fermented Garlic on Blood Lipid Profiles and Carcass Quality in Turkeys

Nguyen Hoang Qui*, Nguyen Thuy Linh 

... the highest weights for liver and small intestine (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect of FG on the carcass quality or blood lipid markers (p > 0.05). The addition of a 0.8% fermented grain (FG) improved the carcass quality of turkey broilers, without negatively affecting the blood parameters. The utilization of 0.6% and 0.8% FG shows potential for extensive implementation in poultry production.
 

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Genetic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Isolated from Diseased Broilers in Egypt

Mona F. Shousha1*, Aml M. Ragab2 and Salwa M. Helmy1

... internal organs (heart, liver, intestine, and yolk sac) were collected from 200 infected broilers to genetically analyze their recovered Salmonella antimicrobial resistant genes. Ten isolates of Salmonella were recovered: two (20%) for each S. enterica serovar Grampian, S. enterica serovar Kentucky, and S. enterica serovar Blegdam and then one (10%) for each S. enterica serovar Hadar, S. enterica serovar Anatum, S. enterica serovar Kirkee, and S. enterica ser...
Virus Like Particles: Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery
Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab, A. Dawoud3
...ilize of VLPs for drug delivery in model systems is discussed, and various examples of its effectiveness are highlighted.
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Toxicity and Behavioral Outcomes of the Ethanolic Extract of Schinus Terebinthifolius Raddi fruits in Wistar Rats

Soumia Ed-Day1*, Meryam Laanaya1, Chaimae El Kourchi3, Radia Elgui1, Fatima Ezzahra Kacimi2, Latifa Didou1, Samira Boulbaroud2, Hicham Harhar3, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui1

... of toxic effects on the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: The acute administration of the ethanolic extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits did not elicit any toxic effects in Wistar rats, thus contributing valuable insights into this plant’s safety and physiological impact.
 
Keywords | Acute toxicity, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Glycemia, Lipid profile, Behavioral assessments, Wistar rats
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Innovations and Challenges in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Development: Bridging Traditional Methods with Emerging Technologies

Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**

...e use of adjuvants and delivery systems to boost vaccine performance was also reviewed. Furthermore, we explore state-of-the-art methodologies such as exosome-based vaccines, cell-free protein synthesis systems, self-amplifying RNA vaccines, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational biology in vaccine design. These methodologies may offer solutions for the challenges posed by the foot-and-mouth disease virus’s high mutation ra...
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Fish Oil as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on Growth Performance and Physiological Parameters of Growing Rabbits

Y. Eid1, S. Abo El-Sood1, A. Fawzi1, W.A. Morsy2* and H. Mehany3

...ents of serum, meat, and liver were significantly decreased with increasing fish oil levels in diets. It may be concluded that the inclusion of fish oil up to 1% of growing rabbits’ diet enhanced the growth performance and improved their physiological status without any harmful effects on liver and kidney functions, under Egyptian environmental conditions.

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Ontogenesis of Rectum in Local Awassi Sheep Fetuses (Ovis aris) During Prenatal Periods

Ali Mobder Niyf*, Jafar Ghazi Abbas Al-Jebori 

...vered completely by huge liver and where it started to move gradually to the caudal aspect at second trimester, behind the diaphragms, stomach and liver, which appear are translucent wall and whitish in color. On the other hands, at the third trimester of gestation, the wall of large intestine appears elongated musculo-membrenace tube with semi-translucent and with more thickness and different colors from pink to pale-yellow...
Hepatotoxicity Induced by the therapeutic dose of Chlorpromazine and Ameliorative for Saussurea Costus Roots Extract and Effect of Physiological and Histological Liver of Albino Rats

Nbaa Mutea Abid AL-Alh1, Nuha Hatem Khalaf1, Nagam Khudhair1*, Ahmed Khalid2

...l changes in rats’ liver. The study was carried out on 30 male albino rats, 12-14 weeks old. The Rats were divided into 5 groups, G1 control negative received distilled water 2 ml. CPZ was administered orally at dose 2 mg/kg of body weight. The rats dosed CPZ were divided as follows: G2 a positive control group, received CPZ alone. G3 was given an ethanolic extract of costus at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, and G4 was administered an ethanolic extract of costus a...
Pathological Effects of Candida Auris Yeast on Liver of White Male Mice Pre-Treated with Alcoholic Extract of Syzygium Aromaticum

Anas A. Humadi1*, Samer I. Sabeeh2, Ahmed Talib Yassen Aldossary3, Bushra I. Al-Kaisei2 

...ereas tissue sample from liver were taken for pathological examination. Comprehensive analysis of the biochemical analysis indicated a decrease in catalase enzyme and lymphocyte count in C. auris treated groups. Pathological changes were characterized by fibrosis, necrosis, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells and liver cirrhosis in C. auris treated group compared to Syzygium aromaticum treated and C. auris infecti...
Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Chicken and Human: Prevalence, Serotyping, Antibiogram, Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and stn Gene Sequencing

Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Ahmed Eid1, Marwa E. Abo Hashem1*

...re gathered (100 chicken liver, 150 chicken feces, 50 human stool). Bacteriological examination, serotyping, antibiogram, virulence (invA, stn) and antibiotic resistance genes (ermB, aadB) PCR screening for detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance of strains and stn gene sequencing in S. Typhimurium of poultry (STP), S. Enteritidis of poultry (SEP) and S. Typhimurium of human (STH) were accomplished. Salmonella prevalence was 4% for both chicken (12...
Effects of Bee Venom on Cadmium Toxicity in Albino Rats

Mariam Ismail Ali1*, Rania Helmi Abdou1, Mary Ayad Sargious2, Omnia Mohamed Khattab2, Kawthar Abdelwahed Elhady1

...kers(MDA 140.5%), Higher liver enzymes, histopathological lesions, and genes expression screened for hepatotoxic effects. Bee venom effectively reduced inflammation (TNF-α 49% and IL-1β 41.4%) and oxidation (MDA 36.8%), reduced liver enzymes, and enhanced histopathologic lesions with score 1, as confirmed by the difference in regulation of inflammatory genes (TNF-α 37% increase, IL-1β 15% reduction, and...
Protective Effects of Arginine Against 4 Nitrophenol Induced Liver Injury in Rats

Kai Wang, Weifeng Xu, Pengyuan Dai and Chunmei Li*

...daily weight gain (ADG), liver weight, and liver coefficient. However, Arg treatment in the PNP group showed an elevated trend relative to the rats treated with PNP alone, and the results were not significant. Moreover, in animals treated with 13 g/kg Arg plus PNP, hepatic morphological impairment was alleviated, including hepatic sinusoid damage and inflammatory infiltration by PNP challenge. Compared with the PNP group, Ar...
In-Vitro and In-Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Five Medicinal Plants against Virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain Harboring Shiga Toxin Gene

Asfand Yar Khan1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1*, Muhammad Avais1 and Kamran Ashraf2

...al plant extracts affect liver function and blood parameters. Finally, in conclusion, C. procera was found to be highly effective to protect birds against E. coli O157:H7 infection.

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Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes of Vibrio alginolyticus from Asian Seabass in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
... a loopful of kidney and liver samples were inoculated on thiosulphate-citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagarTM Vibrio. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates and detect the twelve virulence genes associated with V. alginolyticus. Antibiotic resistance tests were conducted using 17 antibiotics. The difference in index scores between locations was tested using one-way ANOVA, while the index scores betwee...
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Some Biochemical Criteria in Male Rabbits Following Administration of Aspartame

Shireen Ali Hasan1*, Ahlam A. Al-Rikaby2, Maitham Ali Al-Rikaby3  

...ly increased activity of liver enzymes of ALT, AST and ALP were observed after 45 days of treatment at both doses of aspartame. Taken together, it can be concluded that the long consumption of aspartame leads to weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipideamia and liver dysfunction, and highlight the use of animal models to assess important aspect of health. 

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Histopathological Analysis of the Male White Mice Liver After Exposure to Halothane Anesthesia

Duaa Jasim Mohammad 

...hological changes in the liver of mice post-anesthesia, a total of 40 male white mice were divided into three groups (n=10/group). Three groups of mice were administered halothane with increasing concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) and the control group was left untreated. Each group was given halothane for 15 minutes every day for 30 consecutive days. A through histopathological analysis of the liver of treated group (1% halothan...
Histological, Immunohistochemical Expression and Biochemical Changes in the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rat Neonates after Prenatal Exposure to Copper Oxychloride

Sherine Abbas1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek3*

...organ samples, including liver and kidney, were taken from both male and female newborns. The blood samples were analyzed using a biochemical assay, while the kidney and liver tissues were investigated for histopathological and immunohistochemical expression. The results indicated there was significant tolerance of female offspring than male as indicated by ALT, urea and creatinine. A notable alteration in the biochemical pa...
Effective Methods for Characterizing Genetically Unique Avian Reovirus Variants Responsible for Disease Outbreaks in Broiler Chickens in Egypt

Eslam Arafa1,2, Hanan M.F. Abdien1*, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen3, Emad Diab2,4, Mahmoud Assad2,5, Mohamed Tarek3, Mohsen M.Z. El-Dimerdash1, Wael K. Elfeil1

...ans. Survivors exhibited liver necrosis. Hepatitis, myocarditis, and infiltration of heterophilic diverse inflammatory cells were recorded upon histological examination. These findings confirm that the mutant ARV can skip maternal immunity induced by conventional vaccines due to the mismatch between vaccine strains and circulating variants. It is advisable to conduct further epidemiological research on various circulating genotypes and develop targeted autovac...
Anti-Lipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Fenugreek Supplementation on STZ-Induces Type 2 Diabetes: An Animal Study

Bassant Mahmoud Emam1, Jehan Abd Elrazek Hassanen1, Abeer Gaffer Ali Hassan3, Azza Mahmoud Abdullah1, Hadeer Said Aboelnaga2, Amina Ali Dessouki2*

...cose, lipid profile, and liver function tests, besides histopathological analyses for the liver and pancreas, were performed. The FSE or FSP and DAPA treatment ameliorates the measured parameters in diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats: Significantly (P≤0.05) elevated body weight and insulin levels, reduced glucose, and improved lipid profile (lowered total cholesterol, LDL, and triacylglycerides while increased HDL). ...
Biochemical Evaluation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and GLP-1 Therapy as a New Approach for Type II Diabetes Treatment in Rat Model

Ashraf B. Said*, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim, Hoda I. Bahr, Marwa A. El-Beltagy

..., IL-6 beside Kidney and liver function parameters were also measured. Liver and kidney tissues examinated for histopathological and Immunohistochemistry. Untreated diabetic group showed significant (P≤0.05) hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and elevation in inflammatory cytokines with hepatic and kidney tissues disruption. At the same time, treatment alleviated hyperglycemia and IR with a significant (P≤0.05) decrease ...
Impact of Trichomonas gallinae in the Infected Domestic Pigeon and Antitrichomonal Potentials of Garlic

Rand Kamil Abbas, Zahra Sadoon Hadi*, Ahmad Hassan Sahib 

... and also present in the liver. Histopathologically, there was an infiltration of large number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the tracheal mucosa. Sinusoidal congestion and Kupffer cell hyperplasia were seen in the liver. Taken together, our finding articulates that garlic (200 mg/kg) offers natural, cheaper and potent antitrichomonal therapy. 

...
Protective Effect of Propolis Extract Against Nickel Chloride and/or Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Alterations in Physiological and Endocrine Functions in Adult Male Rats

N. M. Abed 

...loride (CCl4) damage the liver and kidneys. On the other hand, propolis has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial and hepatoprotective properties. Propolis protects thyroid and gonadal function from NiCl2 and CCl4. In order to assess the protective impact of propolis extract against NiCl2 and CCl4, 80 adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups including control group, the propolis-treated group, the NiCl2-treated group, the CCl4...
A Comprehensive Review of Statistical and Machine Learning Based Forecasting Techniques and its Application Domains
Syed Zeeshan Ahmed Naqvi1, Aftab Khan1*, Abdul Majid2, Tahir Javed1 and Muhammad Huzaifa1 
 
...trated its capacity to deliver tangible benefits. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating machine learning into these sectors, addressing issues related to data privacy, scalability, and ethical considerations. This comprehensive review aims to provide researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of machine learning applications across a wide array of indus...
Effects of Newcastle Disease Infection on the mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Naturally Infected Chicks

Hakeem Jawad Kadhim1, Abbas Kamil Shlaga1*, Safaa Hussein Ali2 

...amples, including blood, liver, and tracheal swabs, were collected from 3 to 5 weeks old broilers. The infected birds showed various signs and postmortem lesions, such as mottled spleen and hemorrhages in the proventriculus and cecum. The NDV infection was confirmed using the NDV rapid test, which showed positive results in 52 out of 60 suspected samples (86.66%). Furthermore, RT-PCR data revealed that only 27 (51.92%) out of 52 samples were positive for the M...
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Freshwater and Marine Fish Species of Pakistan

Hina Jabeen*, Usman Irshad, Kainat Azhar, Alisha Fatima, Asma Zaheer Abbasi, Tayyaba Sadia and Jaweria Aqeel

... in humans’ brain, liver, kidney, lungs, and muscles after consumption, posing a significant health risk. The fish meat quality is the biggest concern in the food chain of the present time. Both water and fish species are contaminated with heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities i.e., domestic, sewage, industrial and agricultural runoff. Heavy metals concentration in the seven fish species was analyzed from different riverine and marine sites of Pak...
Fasciola gigantica Parasitic Infection in Slaughtered Cows and Buffaloes

Hind Abdulzahra Abdulkadhim Alshaibani1*, Abdul Jaleel Aziz Karim Alqaraghli2, Mohammed Azeez Yasir Alzaidi3 

... were collected from the livers of cows and buffaloes. We observed that buffaloes were infected with fasciolosis at a rate of 15.29%, higher than the incidence of fasciolosis in cows (10.66%). We recorded a greater prevalence of fasciolosis in females than in males, as the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in females and males reached 15% and 9.09%, respectively. The infection rate in slaughtered buffalo for males and females was 13.33% and 20%, respectively. T...
Harnessing CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for the Eradication of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Purebred Dogs: A Path to Preservation and Health

Ali Sabeeh Ali1, Noor Abdulaala Kadhim2, Entissar Mansour Abdul Rasool3, Amran M. Al-Erjan4, Qais R. Lahhob5*, Mustafa Mudhafar6,7 

 

... an LV was designed to deliver the Cas9 nuclease and the gRNA into the target cells. The vector was further confirmed in immortalized canine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, therefore confirming modification to the target sequence. The research involved 8 pure bred dogs that had been diagnosed with LCA2 and who possesses the intended mutation. OCT and ERG were done at baseline and then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after the injection to analyse the ...
Investigation of Physiological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Rat Treated with 5-Fluorouracil

Zainab A. Shehab1*, Assad H. Eissa2, Hind A.A. Alahmed1 

... mechanism in kidney and liver tissue. A total of two groups including control and treated experimental groups (intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (60 mgkg body weight) were formed in the study. After intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU on days 0, 5, 10, 15, all rats were scarified at day 21 and blood collected for hematological kidney and liver tissues taken from the rats and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histological...
Evaluation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Arsenic Induced Hepatotoxicity In Vivo

Ozdan Akram Ghareeb1*, Goljameen Midhat Abdulla1, Sanaz Sheikhzadeh2

...ive damage that leads to liver disease. Also, it may be associated with immune-related disorders at high doses. This study aimed to evaluate the As-induced acute hepatotoxicity and the role of immune response through inflammatory cytokines in laboratory rats. Eighteen adult male rats were employed in present study, and they were set into three groups (n = 6/group). First group acted as control (CON) without any treatment, while other two groups were exposed to...
Experimental Evaluation for Graviola Extracts and Eucalyptus Extract’s Capacity to Induce Healing of Hepatocytes in Rabbits Model

Heba Saleh Shaheed1, Zainab J. Malik2*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah1, Salih T.H.2

...nd their relationship to liver cell regeneration. We used sixteen mature male rabbits by dividing the animals into two groups. As a general anesthesia by using xylazine ketamine and rabbits were anesthetize by using atropine sulfate (1 mg/kg B.W.) inter-muscularly than after 15 min rabbits were anesthetized intramuscular with a mixture consisting of ketamine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg of B.W. and xylazine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg B.W.). After anesthetizing the ani...
Nephroprotective Effect of Alcholic Extraction of Tribulus terrestris Against Lead Acetate Toxicity on Kidney in Male Rats

Mayada Sahib Hassan1*, Hayder Talib Mahdi1, Sajaa R. Al-Saedi1, Ali Farid Shakir1, Ali J. Al-Nuaimi1, Marwa Sabah Majed1, Ridha Adel Fahad1, Karar Ali Kadhim1, Mustafa Ali Noor1, Ameer Hameed Kadhim1, Hussein Ali Mohammed Hadi1, Zainab Amori Oribi2, Mazin Talib Abbas3, Mahdi S. Hassan4 

... lowered. The kidney and liver are very sensitive organs to chronic Pb toxicity. Lead produces free radicals and causes oxidative stress, both of which are linked to renal damage. Tribulus terrestris (TT) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The hydroalcoholic extract of TT has been investigated against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity. In experimental animals, forty adult male albino rats were utilized. Four groups of animals were used in the stu...
Protective Response of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle with Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Intestinal Integrity, Goblet Cell Count and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken under Heat Stress

Syed Abdul Hadi1, Jameel Ahmed Gandahi1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Saima Masood2, Noor Samad Gandahi1  

...e;0.05), while weight of liver significantly increased (P≤0.05) in HZNC compared to PC. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of ZnO-NP 60 mg/kg and COS 200 mg/kg effectively mitigated the negative consequences of heat stress thus could be adopted in hot climates as feed supplement instead of synthetic antibiotics.  

...
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Gamma Irradiated Sesame Seeds

Mohamed H.M. Abd El-Megid1, A.N. El shahat2, A.M. Abdul Azeem2* and Amal A. Mansour2

...aemia, the activities of liver enzymes, level of lipid profile contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) and level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) associated with noticeable attenuation of alloxan-induced hypoinsulinaemia and significantly increased level of HDL-C with an enhancement in hepatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and level of glutathione content (GSH) relative to the diabetic rats. In conclusion, gamma radiation could be an effective treatme...
Potential Role of Recombinant Capsid Protein of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in the Development of an In-House Elisa Based Detection of Infection

Rakhtasha Munir1, Shazia Rafique2*, Iram Amin1,2, Sameen Ahmed2, Ayesha Vajeeha2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Umer Khan4 and Muhammad Idrees2

...ngue shock syndrome, and liver dysfunction. Early diagnosis of the disease is crucial for prompt treatment strategies. One of the detection strategies of the infection can be made through viral structural peptides that act as markers for discernment, including Capsid (C) protein. In the proposed research, the structural gene obtained from local isolates was targeted for detection. For this purpose, a bacterial expression system was used to amplify, clone, and ...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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