Effects of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis on the Performance, Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity, and Neurotoxicity in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Effects of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis on the Performance, Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity, and Neurotoxicity in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to animal health. One promising strategy to address this issue is the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized from probiotics like Bacillus subtilis. This study explored the potential effects of ZnONPs synthesized using Bacillus subtilis on the performance, antioxidant activity, and neurotoxicity of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). A total of 96 fish were divided into four groups: T1 (Control), T2 (3 mg ZnONPs /g diet), T3 (6 mg ZnONPs /g diet), and T4 (9 mg ZnONPs /g diet), with four replicates per group arranged in a completely randomized design. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the main effects of dietary treatments. The results indicated that the inclusion of ZnONPs in the diet did not produce any significant differences in the average body weight of the fish. Specifically, there was no notable impact on body weight across the different treatment groups (P>0.05). However, significant effects were observed in various antioxidant biomarkers (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities in the gills showed significant enhancement (P=0.008), whereas no significant change was detected in the liver (P=0.088). Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities significantly increased in the gills and liver (P=0.001). Additionally, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly elevated in both the gills and liver (P=0.006). Neurotoxicity assessment through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain showed no significant difference (P=0.952). The ZnONPs significantly influenced antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, and GST), while the mortality rate, average body weight, and neurotoxicity of tilapia were not statistically affected. Hence, the addition of ZnONPs in small quantities (3mg/g diet) enhances antioxidant biomarkers and has the potential to serve as a feed additive for improving animal health and nutrition.
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