Effect of Lead Toxicity on Japanese Quail and its Alleviation with Dietary Selenium
Effect of Lead Toxicity on Japanese Quail and its Alleviation with Dietary Selenium
Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of lead toxicity on Japanese quail and its alleviation with dietary selenium. Thirty healthy Japanese quails at the age of about 3 to 4 weeks were divided into six groups viz., A (control group), B (selenium 1.0 mg/L), C (lead acetate 200 mg/L), D (lead acetate 400 mg/L ), E (lead acetate 200 + selenium 1.0 mg/L) and F (lead acetate 400 + selenium 1.0 mg/L). Both selenium and lead acetate were given by adding in the drinking water for 20 days. At the end of experiment, four birds from each group were slaughtered and blood was collected for evaluation of biochemical tests like Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), bilirubin, albumin, uric acid and creatinine. After necropsy examination, the liver and kidney samples were collected for gross and histopathological examination. The mild clinical signs like reduced feed and water intake, and weight loss in group C, D, E and F was noted; whereas diarrhea, muscular tremors, and lethargy were observed in group C and D. Significantly increased (p <0.05) GGT, bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid levels were recorded in C and D (lead toxicity groups), as compared to control group; whereas group E and F (treated with selenium) showed the protective effect by decreasing (p <0.05) GGT, creatinine, bilirubin and uric acid concentration as compare to C and D groups. Gross pathology observed in liver of C, D and F groups revealed inflammation, and discoloration, whereas kidneys were found swollen and congested with distended ureters. Major histopathological changes observed in kidneys of group C, D and F like shrinkage of glomeruli with widened bowman’s spaces, necrosis and inflammation. Whereas, liver shows severe dilation of central vein and sinusoids, congestion and necrosis. Group E showed no major changes in liver and kidney while group F has less severity than groups C and D. The present study concluded that selenium has a protective effect against toxicity produced by lead acetate as evident from reduced morbidity, amelioration of liver and kidney function with decrease in serum GGT, creatinine and uric acid and albumin increase; thus selenium might be adapted for strategies against the toxicological effects of lead in avian species.
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