Protective Effects of Ginger Ethanolic Extract, Chitosan Nanoparticles, and Ginger Ethanolic Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Pancreatic DNA Damage and Histological Changes in Dogs with Alloxan-Nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetes
Protective Effects of Ginger Ethanolic Extract, Chitosan Nanoparticles, and Ginger Ethanolic Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Pancreatic DNA Damage and Histological Changes in Dogs with Alloxan-Nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetes
Rasema Majeed, Alaa Kamil Mahmood*
ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. Natural products such as ginger ethanolic extract (GEE) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help in mitigate these effects. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) can improve delivery and bioavailability of encapsulated agents such as GEE. The aims of this study to evaluate the protective effects of ginger ethanolic extract, chitosan nanoparticles, and ginger ethanolic extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (GEE-CNPs) against DNA damage and pancreatic histological changes in dogs with alloxan-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. histological analysis was assessed. The results showed that first group (Control negative) administered distilled water showed no abnormal lesion, while second group (Control positive) is diabetic without treatment showed destruction and necrosis of islet cells, congestion and edema between their acini. Third group was administered 81.7 mg/kg BW of ginger ethanolic extract orally for 45 days showed normal section of islet cells shows moderate necrosis and destructions of islet cells. congested blood vessels, regeneration of islet cells. fourth group was administered 81.7 mg/kg BW of ginger ethanolic extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles orally for 45 days and showed normal section of islet cells, regeneration of islet cells also showed no clear lesions in the islet cells. whereas fifth group was administered 81.7 mg/kg of chitosan nanoparticles orally for 45 days and showed few destructions and vacuolation in the islet cells, regeneration of the islet cells. Pancreatic DNA damage analysis were assessed the results showed that ginger ethanolic extract, chitosan nanoparticles, and ginger ethanolic extract loaded with Chitosan nanoparticles all significantly reduced DNA damage compared to saline From this study concluded ginger ethanolic extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles provided greater protection than ginger ethanolic extract or chitosan nanoparticles alone. Encapsulation of ginger ethanolic extract in chitosan nanoparticles enhances these protective effects, warranting further research into ginger ethanolic extract loaded with Chitosan nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent for diabetes.
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