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Johanna Lindahl 1, 2

British Journal of Virology
...omoted also increase the risks of vector-borne diseases, and the mosquito-borne Dengue virus is one of the pathogens benefitting from this. The related virus Japanese encephalitis virus is the most important cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the world, and is maintained in avian reservoirs and amplified by pigs. The occasional spill-over of the virus into humans results in more than 60 000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case ...

Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

...rtilizer to minimize the risk of reduced plant growth due to immobilization and with EM to enhance mineralization of organic nutrients, therefore warrant testing under field conditions.

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Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2

 

... units have an increased risk for contracting HCV, and high prevalence rates have been found in hemodialysis units around the world. HCV induces chronic liver disease, which is characterized by a persistent hepatic parenchyma inflammatory process that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Viral clearance occurs in a minority of patients with viral hepatitis C, whereas chronic infection is established in 60 to 80% of all cases, 20 to 40% of which may e...

Josef D. Jarhult1, 2

...tients and patients with risk factors for severe influenza disease as well as an important part of pandemic preparedness plans. Resistance development is a potential problem both in treated humans and in the environment. The use of oseltamivir for treatment of uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy patients should be questioned.

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Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...ng infection with a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals usually leading to liver cirrhosis. Individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus have a greater risk to the virus due to their impaired immunity. The study was carried out to determine the sero- prevalence of Hepatitis E among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ogbomoso. The blood sample of consented two hun...

Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *

...005 and 2011. Hence, the risk of recombination between OPV and NPEV-C members to generate recombinant VDPVs in the region exist.

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Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2

Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2

Email: y.lhor@yahoo.fr

...rol measures and disease risk analysis, this entomological survey was performed on the risk of transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and identification of the main breeding sites of Culicoides. From April 2009 to March 2010, the study was carried out at 14 sites distributed across the country. Results indicated that the two most abundant Culicoides species were Culicoides imicola (94.2-95.85%) and Culico...

Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*

...planting in summer is at risk of the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on different dates i.e. Jul. 1, 11 and 21 treated with different N-rates starting from 40 kg ha-1 with a 40 kg increment to the maximum of 160 (kg ha-1...

Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir

.../sup>, respectively. The risk contribution from Cd, Cr and Ni were significant in crop seeds of orchard field (THQ>1). The substantial load of heavy metals in studied fields showed the anthropogenic source of pollution. Therefore regular monitoring of heavy metals in soil and crops is necessary.  

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 Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib and Asim Ijaz

...nt position under the Biorisk Management framework and One Health perspective. A total of 410 and 202 blood samples were collected from cattle and humans respectively. Total 40 samples of subsistence farms and 30 nomadic herds were analysed. Forty eight farm workers, 40 farm owner 36 abattoirs workers, 15 veterinary assistants, 15 veterinarian and 40 butchers were also screen out. Overall sero-prevalence in cattle was 15.36% on SPAT, 14.39% by i-ELISA and 14.1...

Muhammad Mushtaq, Umer Sadique, Naila Chand, Iftikhar Ahmed, Said Sajjad Ali Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Imran Ullah and Muqadar Shah

...canal which increase the risk factors associated with heart attack. Atherosclerosis is also associated with development of diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney failure. Hypercholesterolemia is mainly caused by high fat diet, obesity and diabetes.Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect of water based infusion of Withania somnifera was investigated in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty (120) day-old broiler’s chicks were alienated into four treatment...

Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1

...fy the socio-demographic risk factors contributing to increasing susceptibility to heroin addiction in Pakistani populations. In this epidemiological study subjects were interviewed through a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of open and closed-ended questions. Data regarding key factors such as age and ethnicity, communal domain, education level, employment status and demographic factors (drug route, drug dose) have bearing upon heroin addiction was coll...

Tasnim Farasat*, Saima Sharif, Farkhanda Manzoor, Muneeza Zafar and Shagufta Naz

...ationship with potential risk factors of diabetes on their first visit to a local hospital. Among the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects 33% (n=66) were with retinopathy. Out of which 30% (n=18) were male and 70% (n=48) were female. High density lipoprotein (HDL), both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol level and serum insulin were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in proliferative group of diabetic retinopathy, while triglyceride level, HbA1c (...

Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*

...itic animals are at high risk of foodborne infections. Escalating antibiotic resistance strived us to explore the alternate option to control mastitis. In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three lytic phages SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical charact...

Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2

... integrating the reduced risk pesticides with plant extracts.

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Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
... to goat indicating high risk of infection in sheep. The current study showed that commercial bovine F. hepatica ELISA test is effective in Pakistan for small ruminants.
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Pam D Luka, Frank N Mwiine, Bitrus Yakubu, Joseph Erume, Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez, Hermann Unger and David Shamaki

...ever, to investigate the risk of a tick-domestic pig transmission cycle in Nigeria, 3,288 serum samples were collected from domestic pigs from 10 states and analysed for anti-tick antibodies using the recombinant TSGP1 indirect ELISA. Of the samples analysed, 13.4% (442/3,288) showed moderate to high reactivity, suggestive of domestic pigs’ exposure to tick-bite. Antibody reactivity’s were found in eight of the 10 states studied and all the states ...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...is infection, associated risk factors and subsequently their antimicrobial susceptibility.The milk samples were screened with surf field mastitis test and furthered to biochemical analysis. Pearson’ Chi-square test at nighty five percent confidence interval was used to analyze the collected data. Antibiotic sensitivity was checked with twenty four antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Over all mastitis was found 52.5% (63/120) with leading subclinical (4...
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...rum lipid levels and CVD risk in an Indian population. A total of 412 samples which included 148 myocardial infarction survivors, 162 Normolipidemic healthy controls and 102 patients with hypercholesterolemia in a   Indian Tamilian population were included in the study. Genotyping of SCARB1 genetic polymorphisms was done by PCR-RFLP combined with gel electrophoresis. The genotype distribution in the population was found to be consistent with Hardy ...
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2
...oup A, indicating a high risk factor for poultry industry.
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Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

...es serious public health risk. Therefore, development of new potent and cost-effective influenza vaccines is urgently needed to safeguard poultry and to contain zoonosis. The primary goal of this study was to develop H9 plasmid-based DNA vaccine against the currently circulating AIV subtype H9N2 targeting HA gene of the virus A/Turkey/Egypt/1341V/2013(H9N2). The full length sequence of HA gene was codon optimized to the chicken biased codons and subcloned into...
Tianzhu Chao, Huiqiang Cai, Yuxun Zhou, Kai Li* and Junhua Xiao
... indicating the elevated risk in this cosmopolitan cities. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that M. m. musculus migrated from northern China to eastern China and that M. m. castaneus invaded from southern China. The two subspecies form a hybrid zone in eastern China. There were three major well-differentiated clades within M. m. castaneus, which were designated as CAS1, CAS2 and CAS3 and confirmed previous internal sublineage differentiatio...

Bijan Kumar Das

Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...n of betelvine is highly risky and returns are uncertain because of its susceptibility to several pests and diseases, aggravated by the nature of the plantation. A good number of hemipteran insect pests occur in betelvine ecosystem which dwindle betelvine yield potentiality. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...calculate the recurrence risk for relatives etc. Punnett square is used to describe the possible combinations of paternal and maternal alleles for a particular cross. Described here is a line-dot method using ternary genotype codes to determine genotype probabilities in a very quick and simple way. Also ternary genotype codes along with gender symbols and affection status are used to modify the Punnett squares. On applying these modified Punnett squares along ...

Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

.... Owing to public health risk, effective control of the virus in imperative. DNA vaccination is a promising new approach for the prevention and treatment of many viral diseases because of its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinant DNA. The goal of this study was to construct Egy-H5 plasmid DNA-based vaccine against a currently circulating avian influenza virus H5N1 strain in Egypt targeting the HA g...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
...mal population at a high risk of exposure. Further studies are required to explore molecular diversity of the pathogens together with sero-conversion in animals and humans.
...
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
...ly increasing among high risk groups (HRGs) in Pakistan leading it away from achieving the 6th millennium development goal of halting and reversing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Syphilis increases the risk of HIV transmission by two to five times, and this co-infection is common among HRGs. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and syphilis among selected HRGs. During a period from Septemb...

Fawad Ali1*, Hidayat Ullah2, Ikhtiar Khan1

...d potential human health risks. The results reveal that Cr concentration in the wastewater, Cd and Zn in soil and in vegetables have been found well above the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) which may lead to a detrimental effect on soil quality, leading to food contamination. The extractable concentration of metals viz Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn through ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminpenta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) showed significant differenc...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...obalamin levels may be a risk factor and may predict the development of GDM.
...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...did tick species and risk factors associated with tick infestation and burden levels were studied in bovine from three distinct temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Twelve hundreds ticks were collected from four hundreds animals comprising of two hundred and fifty cattle and one hundred and fifty buffaloes. Descriptive statistics with Pearson’s Chi-square test and regression model were applied to analyze the data. The results of...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5 
... respect to host-related risk factors in Bos permiginu s cattlewas conducted in farm houses at three main regions (Western by-pass, Spiny village, and Sariab region) of District Quetta from March, 2013 to March, 2014.   Around 1649 ticks were captured from six main body parts of 404 cattle. Of these 346 (65.96%) were observed to be plagued by one or more tick infestation. Compositions of tick species captured from the host were Hyalomma a...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*

 

Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...proposed as an important risk marker for insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study the association of Ala54Thr polymorphism with MetS and its risk components was studied in a local Pakistani population. MetS subjects and controls were recruited from out-patient departments of Pakistani hospitals. Ala54Thr genotyping of 200 MetS patients and 200 healthy controls was performed using a ...
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...rious variable and fixed risk factors, this study was designed. The cross sectional study of 4 months was carried out on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were aged from 18-25 years and a sample of 100 students was enrolled by stratified random sampling after written consent. We recorded blood pressure at three different time points, one minute apart in sitting position after ten minutes of rest. The average of three measurements wa...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

...etary habits showed high risks of anemia among the pregnant women.

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Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...mographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where the seroprevalence for H3N8 was 14.51% (101/696), for H7N7 6.03% (42/696), and 3.59% (25/696) as mixed infections, suggesting EIV current and active circulation in equine population of Pakistan. Statistical analysis suggested predicting variables including “loca...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...notype and determine the risk factors for increased frequency of acute exacerbations in local chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a cross sectional analytical study design. For this purpose 137 patients were included in the study after obtaining necessary permissions from the ethical board of the hospital. COPD was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and a post bronchodilator values of FEV1/FVC<0.70 on spirometry. Frequent exace...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...f association of assumed risk factors with prevalence. Nonparametric tests at 5% probability were applied to check significance of results. The study noted overall 33.98% (123/362) of MDR S. aureus from subclinical mastitis milk samples while 123 of 192 S. aureus isolates (64.06%) were confirmed MDR. Non-significantly higher prevalence of MDR was noted in Cholistan area (38.38%) than to that of Sulaiman Range (29.98%) on subclinical mastitis samp...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...us in association of its risk factors in cattle and buffaloes of district Kasur, Punjab. Selenium status was evaluated by Atomic Absorptions Spectrophotometery (AAS) with respect to sex of animals, geographical area, age of animals, herd size, stage of animals, production level and concentrate feeding. Selenium deficiency was also evaluated as a risk factor of mastitis and repeat breeding. About 48.43% cattle and 72.39% buff...
Alptug Sari*, Ahmet Arpacik and Sagdan Baskaya

Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed 

...calculated, and relative risk and multinomial logistic Regression were applied using SPSS version 22. Mean maternal age was 28.100+4.824 years, mean education was 12.400+2.138 years, mean BMI was 29.420+5.075 and mean household income was PKR 25641+16251.543. With these characteristics, the mean birth weight of2.814+0.551 kg was recorded. Four percent (n=2) had very low food security and 34% (n=17) women had low food security. Importantly, food unsecured women...

 Zafar Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain**, Badruddin Khokhar* and Muhammad Sohail**

...ing period and increased risk of hot weather during grain filling, late planting results in linear reduction in wheat grain yield. A study was undertaken to determine the effects of planting dates on growth and yield of different wheat genotypes in Sindh. The trial was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having four replications during 2000-01 and 2001-02 at Sakrand, Sindh. Four sowing dates i.e. November 1 and 15, December 1 and 15 were in main plots...

Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**

...their farms to avoid any risk of complete crop failure due to any reason. Sugar mills in all three provinces are suggested to take serious note of status of adoption of different sugarcane varieties through a collective action in their respective provinces. Activities like planting demonstration plots of promising varieties on farmers’ fields, launching special sugarcane varietal promotion campaigns for spreading desirable varieties during planting seaso...

Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4 

...trong association of the risk for the development of disease among the exposed than the non exposed subjects. Leptospirosis is a public health zoonotic disease which is widely present in tropical and sub tropical areas. This study concludes that there is a strong association of rice cultivation with Leptospirosis. It is recommended that rice cultivators should protect their body parts with gloves or boots as prevention is the most appropriate way to control an...

Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah

...d glucose tolerance is a risk factor for developing diabetes Mellitus & is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance in obese patients. This Cross Sectional study was carried out in North Medical Ward, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e. January to June 2014. Total 160 obese patients visiting outpatient department of North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital Lah...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***

POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...d reducing environmental risks. These technologies have demonstrated to provide benefits to farmers as well as reduced environmental stresses in the developed world. Present paper provides an overview of precision agriculture and examines the potentials, prospects, implications, issues and relevance of precision agricultural applications in Pakistani agricultural system. There is a scope of many precision technologies to be implemented in the country. In this ...

 Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*

FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
...ng, modeling prediction, risk rating, planning, genetic diversity and facilitated migration, genetic protection and breeding for disease resistance and relating results to forest policy, planning as well as decision making, the suspicions innate to climate change effects can be minimized.

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 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
... information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions keeping in view the potential correlation between these risk management adoption decisions. Bivariate and multinomial probit models are used to assess the impact of access to information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions using data collected from 330 randomly selected respondents from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunk...

Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf

...ilities are at increased risk of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse as well as to other practices of violence, such as institutional violence, drug use, undesirable sterilisation, medical abuse, mortification, and nuisance. This study is intended to explore the lived experiences of women with disabilities who have been subjected to any type of violence, generate a theoretical model for the ways in which women with disabilities survived and coped with their ...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...rmine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampling from apparently healthy lambs and were examined using the modified Ziehl Neelsen acid fast staining. Prevalence was calculated along with different risk factors associated with the disease (...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...patients are at a higher risk of contracting HBV and HCV infections. Although the professional blood donors are a great risk but major concern is related to screening techniques and different laboratories are practicing variable quality of screening blood screening. All diagnostic techniques must be regulated under a standard quality control and a nation wise validation study is highly recommended.
...

Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
 

...act while minimizing the risks in the years ahead. 

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Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...evaluate other potential risk factors and to assess the pathogenic effects and economic consequences of neosporosis in camels.
...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
...correlation with various risk factors and host biomarkers concerned with the occurrence of theileriosis in sheep. Total 600 blood samples were taken each 200 from districts Bannu, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and screened through blood microscopy. The current study revealed an overall prevalence of ovine theileriosis as 27.5%, 13% and 19.5% in districts of Dera Ismail Khan, Tank and Bannu, respectively. Sex, tick infestatio...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
...
Spinosad, a reduced risk environment friendly insecticide, is increasingly being used as a grain protectant in different countries. Geographical variation in susceptibility to spinosad in stored grain insect pests has been reported worldwide; however, there is a lack of information in Pakistan. In the present study, one laboratory reference strain and five field strains each of, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castan...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...s faced price volatility risk of major agricultural crops. The main purpose of this article is to compute and determine exactly the sizes and degrees of major crops market risk. The market risk analysis of major crops such as coarse grain rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybean are determined using the VaR (Value at Risk) model. The practical consequences ...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...is along with associated risk factors in Quetta Jail, Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, 186 sputum samples were collected randomly from jail inmates. Sputum was processed for smear microscopy and culture inoculation for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the suspected samples were further investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three samples were found positive by PCR test while other detection method...
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
... non-carcinogenic health risks to the target population due to exposure of the tested metals were assessed by estimating the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values. The HQ and HI values observed in this estimation were less than one, suggesting that the exposure of these heavy metals through the consumption of Baladi chicken is unlikely to produce potential health risks to the population of the tested region.
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
...gens pose a great health risk globally. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of deadly food contaminants like Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli (O157:H7) in various types of food items consumed locally. Total of 800 most common food samples such as chicken, beef meat, raw milk, vegetables and salad samples were collected from retail market, the overall contamination of food samples with...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...ases (BBD) are at a high risk of developing breast cancer. 
Objective: Purpose of the study was to analyze the spectrum of BBD in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore to understand the prevalence of inflammatory lesions, benign neoplasms and their age-wise comparison.
Methodology: The study was carried out at Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data of 368 cases of BBD during a time span of 3 y...

Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid

...compared it with reduced-risk insecticide formulations of spinosad. Refractive sheets of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, black and white were installed in M. charantia beds at three different angles (30º, 60º and 90º). Results revealed that control treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit fly infestation (60%) with minimum marketable fruit yield (374g/bed) than all other treatments. Among treatments, yellow colored refractive sheet treat...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...r, all age groups are at risks. In the world, TB is one of the major killer infectious diseases, which place it in one of the top 5 causes of death for females aged 15 to 44. The death rate due to this isease has declined by 47% from 1990 to 2015.
Objective: This study was conductedto determine the demographic parameters of patients of Tuberculosis at public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross secti...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...ene in ALL, will improve risk stratification and will help in selection of appropriate therapeutic regimens.
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Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
...countries. Some of their risk factors are smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history, high blood pressure etc. Previous genome wide association studies have identified association of large number of loci with risk of CHD in different populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 loci with risk of CHD in a population of Punj...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

...ch exerts serious health risks to the humans. In the present study, edible portions of five vegetables viz., okra, tomato, spinach, carrot and cauliflower, grown with canal, tubewell and sewage irrigation water, were assessed for their proximate (moisture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe and Cr) contents. Significant differences were found for proximate composition of canal, tubewell and sewage water irrigated vegetables. The vegeta...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...revalence and associated risk factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) among large ruminants of the five districts (Peshawar, Nowshera, Charsadda, Mardan and Swabi) located in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 2400 large ruminants were sampled by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Data regarding socio-demographic ...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...ship with some important risk factors in small ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (500 each from goats and sheep) were collected from animals kept at the respective livestock farms. An indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) was used to detect anti-C. burnetii antibodies in the serum. Serological analysis revealed overall flock-level sero-prevalence of 92.3% which varied from ...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

...ies and to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of the virus. A total of 326 blood samples were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of human parvovirus B19 using SERION ELISA Classic Par...
Tahira Jamil*1, Mohammad Asghar1, Fatma Husain1, Haq Nawaz Bhatti2
...ein levels are the major risk factors involved in the development of cardio vascular diseases. Lovastatin is formed as secondary metabolic intermediate initiated by anion moiety (acetate) through polyketide chain reactions. The current work was put away to investigate the potency of Pleurotus strains for statin formation by cultivating them on lignocellulosic substrates (wheat straw, rice straw, banana stalk) in SSF for 8 days. Among Pleurotus sp...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...epresents a major health risk not only to humans but also to local flora and fauna. The purpose of current research work was to analyze the toxicity of leachate in Wistar rats. Wistar rats of about 250g were selected and divided into three groups namely Control, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 was given 4ml/kg leachate while Group 2 received 4ml/kg of 1:10 diluted leachate intra-peritoneally. After 24 hours of the injection, animals were euthanized and blood was ...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

...s having 66.53%. Another risk factor age suggested that younger animals were more affected (60.17%) as compared to older ones (29.41%). It was also observed that animals in closed housing system were more affected as compared to open housed animals. When comparative efficacy of diagnostic tests was done then the results of RT-PCR was found significant (P>5), than complement fixation test.
...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...se infections. Potential risk of zoonotic infections through contact with ornamental fish is discussed.
...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...stitis (SCM), associated risk factors, involvement and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in the development of SCM in District Faisalabad of Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 384 goat milk samples were screened for SCM through surf field mastitis test (SFMT) and mastitis-positives cases were further investigated for isolation of S. aureus using standard procedures. Coagulase gene was PCR amplified from the clinical isolat...

Nasir Raza Zaidi1, Mian Waheed Ahmad1, Mahesh Gautam1, Riffat Mehboob2*

Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Pakistani population- A crosssectional study
...to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The first hundred patients who came for
reporting MRI of the brain and had positive findings of MS were retrospectively evaluated. Mean age of the patients
was 43.07±13.88 years, with youngest patient as 18 years old and eldest as 65 years. Our study depicte...

 Anam Javed, Javed Iqbal Qazi*

Skin health implications of Chemical detergents and importance of biodetergents
...eliminate the associated risk. Economical production of biosurface active substances at industrial level through utilization of bio-waste origin feedstocks would also enhance recycling and energy conservation in the environment. Through the application of biosustainable developments in the field of biotechnology, we would be able to get rid of various long lasting after effects of anthropogenic pollutants and synthetic detergents.

...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...n data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range (48.18% and 46.09%, respectively). S. aureus was isolated from 53.03% of the milk samples, with significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence in Cholistan desert (66.10%) as compared to Suleiman range (57...

Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah

...nges and climate induced risks including rising temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, floods, droughts and heavy rains etc. Farmers adopt available risk coping tools to minimize the impacts of such risks at farm level however, these adoptions require farmers to incur cost or forgo part of the potential benefits from agricultural production. These costs (explicit or implicit) are refer...

Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2 

Omer Baris Ince* 

...te in the region and the risk of infection and given information on the immune ratio of the animals. As a result, prevalence was observed to be 6.6% for breeding enterprises, 13.3% in bovine animals and 1% in ovine animals individually. Prevalence was found 13.3% throughout Konya. Generic immune ratio in bovine animals was found 58.8% for serotype O and 61.1% for serotype A; and in sheep, 51% for serotype O and 55% for serotype A. Difference was detected to be...

Muhammad Ali1,2*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2 

...could be influenced by a risky environment to become either risk averse or risk neutral. Indeed, less attention has been paid by researchers to empirically examine the motivation of farmers to manage their agricultural risks exclusively from the lens of Malaysia. Thus, the research was formulated to assess the motivation of farming community towards agri...

Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1 

...e required to reduce the risk of PPMV1 outbreaks. 

...
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3 
 
...ral families are at high risk, hence there is a need to make farmers aware of the reasons and causes of climate change so that they may contribute to their side in actively advocating the cause. The present study was survey-based research and carried out in the Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan. The data was collected using a multistage sampling method with the help of well-structured interview schedule. At first, on the basis of simple random sampling F...
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...inemia is an independent risk factor for CHD. In Saudi Arabia CHD represents one of the most important health problems. Here we examined the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and CHD and DS co-inheritance in patients from Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms were genotyped in 99 CHD patients with or without DS and 126 ethnically matched controls by allelic discrimin...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2* 

...s (Cristal) to map major risks and vulnerabilities along with coping strategies then ascertaining their relationship with community-based livelihoods assets. According to results, there are three frequent disaster risks in the study area which comprise avalanches, landslides and floods. These disasters inflict a heavy damage to the livelihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order t...

 Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*

...ent as the species is at risk of extinction due to its small population size. The total sex ratio of the merganser during the study period was 0.397 (n = 790) and the average sex ratio was 0.43 ± 0.26 (n = 148) for each group, similar to the results obtained in previous years in Jiangxi province (0.378–0.4588). These data indicate that the wintering sex ratio of the merganser has been relatively steady over this period. The current results also re...

 Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1

... prevalence and possible risk factors of subclinical mastitis along with antibiotic resistance of one of the causative agent of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes kept at different localities in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. The possible risk factors inquired from farmers were animal type, breeds, urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area, l...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...rmine the prevalence and risk factors for endoparasitic infections in donkeys at Ganawuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A greater proportion (70.7%) of the nematodes were Strongyles...
Muhammad Zain Saleem1,*, Raheela Akhtar1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry1, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor1, Bilal Ahmed Shah3, Rais Ahmed4 and Muhammad Yasin5
... which might be the main risk factors for cross-infection of Brucella species in their non-specific hosts. B. abortus could be identified as causative agent of caprine and ovine brucellosis in Pakistan. Results of this study can be used for the development of effective eradication and control strategies for brucellosis in small ruminants.
...
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
...otein, indicating a high risk of avian influenza infection in the tested wild birds.
...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
...als for predicting their risk status to society.
...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...and assess the potential risk factors of sub-clinical mastitis in lactating buffaloes in Pothohar region of Pakistan. A questionnaire based cross-sectional based survey was conducted in 30 commercial and subsistent farms in Pothohar region of Rawalpindi district, Punjab. Where randomly 196 lactating buffaloes were sampled. Data on several health, management and bio-security variables was collected in face to face interviews from farmers, managers and owners. M...

Essossinam Ali* 

...titudes towards climatic risks and assesses farmers’ risk aversion behavior on inputs use focusing on fertilizer, drought tolerant seeds (DTS) and labor allocation. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 704 farm households in three regions (Central, Kara and Savannah) in subsistence agriculture in Northern Togo. Tobit and linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of farmers’ ...
Rabia Khalid1, Saleema Bashir Shams1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,*, Gaitee Joshua1, Saira Mushtaq1, Hassan Al-Talhi2 and Abdulaziz Al-Amri2
...bank employees at higher risk for MetS leading to CVD, diabetes type-II, atherosclerosis and hypertension.
...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
... and to estimate the risk to humans caused by the hosted pathogenic bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene V1−V2 regions were sequenced using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to study the bacterial community of both the stomach and the intestine of H. alaschanicus. A total of 21, 336 and 34, 188 high quality reads of microbiota were obtained from the stomach and intestinal tract of H. alaschanicus, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses ...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
...ngthened to minimize the risks. 
...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

...lence related associated risk factors and hematological changes (due to bovine anaplasmosis) were studied in Sahiwal cattle and crossbred cattle of the district Faisalabad of Punjab province, Pakistan. Therapeutic efficiency of Oxytetracycline-Imidocarb dipropionate combination was compared with Enrofloxacin-Imidocarb dipropionate against Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale). For this study, the blood samples of three hundred and sixty nine cattle ...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...s an alternative to high-risk synthetic nematicides or inconsistent biological control agents without causing any phytotoxicity.
...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4

 

...s may pose public health risk in context of zoonosis and food borne transmission if aHEV emerges as zoonotic HEV. 
...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...valence and the possible risk factors of type II diabetes in Hazara region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The total area was divided into six clusters, and the data was collected randomly from different hospitals, clinics, and different localities of Hazara region.The report included 2,400 participants, amongst which, 1,000 subjects were suffering from type II diabetes, including 432 males (43.2%) and 568 females (56.8%). Whereas 814 (81.4%) of them were...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam

...n to manage agricultural risk from the field perspective. However, less attention has been paid to examine the influence of subjective norms on ICT usage among farmers for the management of agricultural risk in Malaysia. Therefore, the present study was designed to meet the objective. The research data were collected through a field survey in which 360 farmers were interviewed through the multistage cluster sampling techniqu...
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
... highlight the potential risk of ND and AI in poultry and continued active surveillance is needed to monitor the transmission of these viruses. 
...
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
...hterhouses are at a high risk of infection. In this study, the status of paratuberculosis was assessed in a slaughterhouse located in district Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 455 blood samples were collected from slaughtered cattle and buffaloes at random and then tested by a commercially available ELISA kit for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Data were analyzed using chi square for ELISA an...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
... injurious health hazard risks to fish.
...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4

Sameera Arshad1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik2 and Iftikhar Hussain3 

...r countries, bird strike risk to aviation is increasing at most of the airports in the country. Analysis of bird strike data of Benazir Bhutto International Airport, Islamabad 2005-12 collected from Civil Aviation Authority Pakistan; revealed that annual average number of bird strikes were 26.62±2.11. Birds of prey mainly, Pariah Kites (Milvas migrans) were reported to be involved in 72% of the strikes. Seasonal variation in bird strikes revealed that m...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
...tic acaricides. Some low-risk pesticide options are available and included in IPM. In this study, contact and residual toxicity of selected low-risk pesticides were tested against TSSM adult females and three commonly available predators (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus fallacis McGregor and Stethorus punctillum Weise). TSSM adult females and adults of TSSM predators were released on t...

Saad ud Din Khan1, Syed Rashid Ali1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2*

...producer in Pakistan has risk-averse behaviour. Another variable, capital-labour ratio has a positive and significant impact on cotton production in Pakistan. 

...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1

Khaled Kaboudi* 

...ins, indicating possible risk for public health. Control of LPAI H9N2 subtype infection is currently based on biosecurity and the implementation of vaccination in some countries. Regional control strategy needs to be performed. Creation of regional surveillance network is highly recommended.  

...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
... the major environmental risk factors for breast cancer. It inhibits production of melatonin (MLT) from pineal gland which results in abnormal epigenetic changes that relates with an increased risk of BC. The most important ALAN-mediated epigenetic changes include methylation of DNA and acetylation of histone, which are significant for growth, development and progression of BC. DNA hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands in...

Mahnoor Pervez and Farkhanda Manzoor* 

... aim to assess pesticide risk toward honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) by detecting pesticide residues in pollen and nectar samples collected from various agricultural areas of Pakistan through high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Pollen and nectar were collected from 2016 to 2017 from different agricultural areas of Pakistan during a field survey. Pollen was collected by installing traps and nectar was collected through capillary method allied with ce...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...nical parameters and the risk factors in patients with HBV. A total of 4,758 blood samples from the mixed population were collected including 2382 male 2376 females. All the samples were subjected to hepatitis B surface antigen Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the existence of antibodies against HBV. It was observed that 307 (12.8%) out of the 2382 individuals ...
Asima Rani1,*, Syed Kashif Nawaz2 and Muhammad Arshad3
...G genotype decreased the risk of mild malaria due to P. vivax infection (OR: 0.312, 95% CI: 0.170 to 0.572, p=0.000). AG genotype increased the chances of mild malaria due to P. vivax infection (OR: 3.205, 95% CI: 1.747 to 5.878, p=0.000). P. vivax infection may develop mild malaria symptoms in AG carriers of rs8177400 polymorphism in the Pakistani population.
...

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

...uced survival, increased risk of liver disease and hepatotoxicity despite undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aims to determine the prevalence of serological markers of HBV based on serological markers among infected individuals with HIV. Ninety-three sera samples of HIV positive individuals were collected by Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital- HIV/AIDS Supporting and Counselling Unit, Ogbomoso. The collected s...

Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1* 

...nosis D is a significant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low levels of vitamin D has been detected in different diseased cases. Recent investigations have reported various cells of body exhibiting vitamin D receptors and CYP27B1 which is capable of converting inactive form vitamin D into biologically active form 1,25(OH)2D3, that important for maintaining immune homeostasis. These finding...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5

...e according to WHO. Many risk factors are involved in the transmission of theses deadly viral infections but blood transfusion in Beta thalassemic patients is working with two faces, one as remedy and the other is key risk factor in the spread of silent killers. Thalassemia patients registered in Combine Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalakot and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital, Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pak...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
... being bio-rational (low risk) pesticide degraded quickly and the crop was also safe for consumption on the next day of application. This study also endorsed the hazardous impacts of endosulfan as its worldwide use is recommended to be phased out globally.
...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...having low environmental risks having minimum percent foliage, pod and gain damage of 2.09, 0.71 and 0.29, respectively with 0.13 larval population/plant, maximum yield of 875 kg/ha with 68.84 % yield increase over control under current investigations. Light traps had ideal MCBR of 13.3 with net income Rs. 32000 followed by B. thuringiensis and hand picking having net income Rs. 11150 and 10300, respectively. T. chilonis and T-bird perches were l...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...ted samples. Analysis of risk factors revealed that risk of M. haemofelis and of C. Mycoplasma haemominutum infection was significantly higher during summer months than during the winter season (P ≤ 0.01 in both agents). Cats older than one year of age were significantly more predisposed to C. Mycoplasma haemominutum infection than younger cats (P ≤ 0.001), and fever manifestation was significantly...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...revalence and associated risk factors of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) in previously diagnosed Type-2 diabetic subjects in Lahore, Pakistan during April, 2013 to June, 2013. The DSP was diagnosed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Score. Blood was collected during the examination for the determination of various serum biochemical determinants. Prevalence of DSP was found to be 31.48% when 2,290 diabetes mellitus Type-2 subjects wer...

Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum 

...sed kidney function is a risk-factor in first-ever ischemic stroke. The study was conducted from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014 in Services and Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 150 subjects were included in this study, divided into ischemic stroke group (n=100) and control (n=50). Kidney function estimation was done using serum creatinine and blood urea along with eGFR calculation by MDRD equation. Kidney dysfunction was defined as eGFR of <60 ml/min/1....

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

...teria and may pose great risk to the public. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is found one of the neglected zoonotic disease (NZD) caused by Mycobacterium bovis with public health significance and appear as a life threatening infection at the human-animal-ecosystem interface in low-resource settings in the central zone of KP, Pakistan. The surveillance, prevention and control programs of this NZD in the KP province of Pakistan is necessary because of the continual u...
Dil Afroza Khanom1, Amirun Nesa1, Muhammad Abu Sayed Jewel1, Muhammad Ayenuddin Haque1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Sonia Iqbal2, Usman Atique2,3*, Lubna Alam4
...) and their human health risks. A total of 50 fish species (25 individuals each) were examined from the Padma River, Bangladesh, and subjected to heavy metals presence and loads by detection after wet digestion of samples. The results displayed the hierarchy of average levels of the targeted metals in G. chapra in declining order of Zn (14.37) > Cu (12.63) >Mn (1.39) > Cr (0.64) >Pb (0.38) > Cd (0.03 mg/kg) whereas, Zn (11.89) &...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar

...se ICTs for agricultural risk management. The past research reveals that many researchers had tried to determine factors affecting behavioural intentions of the respondents and TPB has been applied as technology acceptance model in various contexts. However, predicting behavioral intentions to use ICTs for agricultural risk management has not been evaluated from the actual field. Therefore, the data were collected from 360 f...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

... and also to explore the risk factors having a promoting role in developing foot affections in three unions (Potazia, Jalalpur, and Kaijuri) of Shahjadpur Upazila. Foot affections were physically investigated and examined from May to October 2019 and a total of 257 surgical affections were recorded, among them 46 cattle were diagnosed as different foot diseases. Among different surgical affections, the prevalence of foot diseases was as high as 17.89%. The mos...
Mian Adnan Kakakhel1, Faryal Gohar1, Zahid Anwar2, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Attaullah3, Shahbaz Ahmad4, Aamir Khan5, Kalimullah5*
...nbsp;the main associated risk factors related with T. gondii exposure to this region. A total of a hundred number of blood samples (72 males and 28 females) were collected from Peshawar, Pakistan. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and statistical analysis carried out. Out of these tested samples, 20% were positiv...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...nd to evaluate potential risk factors involved in the transmission of PPR disease in four distinct locations of GB province. We reported occurrence and risk factor analysis of PPR in small ruminants (n=1000) originating from different places in district Gilgit using Hem agglutination Inhibition (HI) test followed by risk analysis through Open-Epi software. Serum samples including goats n=5...

 Khizar Azam*, Abdul Shakoor*~ Afzal Khan*, Riaz Akbar Shah*~ Shaukat Ali Shah·

IDENTIFICATION OF VITAL VEHICLE MECHANICAL DEFECTS CAUSING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
...>may, therefore, be at a risk of causing an RTA. In the RTA data from the NHMp, 32% of all RTA on Motorways are due to VMD and that the two vital vehicle mechanical...

Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...mages. In spite of flood risk, the level of affinity towards living in the flood prone area was found high among the community as they have blood ties with the land, kith and kinship. In the study area, people had adopted various flood mitigation strategies to reduce the devastating impacts of flash floods. However, the resident had greater motivations and concern on socio-economic factors rather than adjustments to frequent flash flood.

...

 Amir Naveed1, Unsia Habib1, Fouzia Parveen2, Syed Naveed Ul Hasan1, Muddasar Habib1, Irfan Shah1

AN INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL DEPOSITS OF MAKARWAL PAKISTAN AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON SURROUNDING WATER-CASE STUDY
...diction of environmental risks associated with coal mining in Makarwal area. Further, the water samples of Makarwal area were also analyzed and found to be contaminated with heavy metal pollutants.

...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
... hydrologic contacts and risks. Indus River is considered as salvation of Pakistan and it is also the largest river of the country. The approximate length of the river is 3180 kilometers and its drainage area exceeds 1165000 km2. Having in view the worth of Indus River and its socio economic implication on Pakistan it was planned to carry out research work on upstream of Terbela from Kachura. The intended approaches of this work were to gen...

Rafi Javed Qureshi* and Iftikhar Hussain**

INTERNATIONALIZING MANUFACTURING SMEs IN A DEVELOPING REGION: AN EXHAUSTIVE CDA-BASED EXPLORATORY APPROACH
...t by innovative and risk seeking entrepreneurs. Exporting remains the dominant mode of internationalization and entry to foreign markets by SMEs in both developing and developed economies. When data on SMEs attributes and entrepreneur’s characteristic is categorical, single methodology to analyze factors influencing exporting are far from sufficient. A multi-method and exhaustive approach is necessary to explore the adequacy of factor...

Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8

Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
...tudents who were at high risk of exposure. A cross sectional study was conducted through a semi structured questionnaire. Recruitment of participants was done from different universities of Pakistan. The results showed that the students are more concerned about their family members (p=0.00). Under this influence they have increased the frequency of handwashing and use masks when they have to go outside. More than half of the students (53.09%) were afraid of th...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...f LSD, identification of risk factor and molecular characteristics of this disease in Bangladesh.

...
Ishrat Perveen1, Yasar Saleem2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3* 
...t concern for the health risk factor of Pakistani community. Ready-to-eat (RTE) chicken kabab samples of four commercially available brands (K, S, D and B) were analysed for the simultaneous determination of HCAs i.e. 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhlP) using HPLC-UV detector. Quantitative analysis of the control...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...ignificant public health risks.

...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...ifficult to predict. The risk of infection in humans is more with livestock handlers who get occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent contact with infected vectors, animal body fluids and other tissues. We aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against RVFV in slaughtered ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 livestock (cattle and goats) at selected slaughter locations in Jo...
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
...mpacts will have greater risk for developing countries like Pakistan. Pakistan with a high and fast growing population lacks enough economic resources to satisfy the basic needs of masses. Furthermore, the future of Himalayan glaciers at risk due to emerging climate change in the region. Pakistan is located in rid region where the issue of water security is forefront problem particularly for agricultural sector. While its us...

Md. Sahidur Rahman

Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...safety, biosecurity, and risk communication to facilitate strong disease prevention and control strategy by which we could prevent the next coronavirus outbreak in humans.

...

Kubilay Ucar1, Sait Engindeniz1* and Jozef Palkovic2

Risk and Return Analysis of Open-Field Tomato Grown in Turkey: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
...mers are affected by the risk in price, cost, and yield outcomes. One of the products that are grown in irrigable lands and has high returns is tomato. The aim of this study is to analyze production costs, return and the risks associated with open-field tomato grown in Izmir province of Turkey in 2011-2017 period. Statistical data used in the study have been obtained from FAOSTAT, Turkish Statistical Institute and Turkish Mi...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...confirmation of presumed risk factors, and comparative analysis of antibiogram of bpSA and nbpSA at various cadre. Milk samples (n=250) from cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=160) were aseptically collected from various dairy farms and put to biofilm detection and antibiogram. Based on collected data with statistical inferences, the study found 61.60% of S. aureus from subclinical samples, while 72.73% of S. aureus were positive for biofilm with unifo...
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
... dynamics and associated risks in biological conservation. The present study was undertaken from North Eastern part of India from January, 2017 to March, 2018 to identify and molecularly characterize Plasmodium relictum based on cyt b gene in various species of wild birds (Upupa epops, Passer domesticus, Pycnonotus cafer, Bubulcus ibis). The birds were captured by netting system. After blood was collected from wing vei...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...prevalence and potential risk factors in acquiring T. gondii infection by child-bearing age women in Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted and data regarding risk factors were recorded through questionnaire. A total of 405 women of child bearing age were serologically tested for T. gondii antibodies through immuno-chromatographic technique using strips (CTK, USA) and Indirect ...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...d old age were important risk factors for spread of brucellosis both in goats and buffaloes. A history of abortion was significantly associated (P<0.05) with Brucella positive MRT and milk i-ELISA tests. In contrast, history of stillbirth had no significant association with anti-Brucella antibody titers. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in Islamabad Capital Territory.
...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2,* and Zhang Luyao3
... facing overexploitation risk. In this condition, it becomes necessary to estimate stock status of fishery resources particularly having commercial importance. Thus, this study is the first time attempt to know whether Spanish mackerel, a major landed fishery resource in Shandong, China, is experiencing overexploitation or not by estimating its stock status. For this purpose, long data series, 2006-2016, comprised of catch and effort figures was statistically ...
Ye Ge1,2,3, Qiucheng Yao1, Hongliang Chai3, Yuping Hua3* and Guohua Deng2*
... the potential infection risk of H6 AIVs from wild birds, we inoculated these viruses into A549 cells, which showed that these wild bird H6 AIVs have acquired the ability to cross interspecific barriers and have the potential to infect mammals. We analysed the level of cytokine expression in response to four H6 AIVs in CEFs and DEFs using real-time PCR. The results showed that the viruses from wild birds could induce a higher level of cytokine expression in CE...
Xuya Zhou1, Ying Liu1, Deqin Xu1, Jie Bao1, Yaru Cao2 and Yong Jin3*
...>Many drugs increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as thiazolidine diketone: rosiglitazone, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib. This study was aimed to find out whether unification of two drugs would increase cardiovascular side effects. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced through feeding with fodder containing high sugar and lipid and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The adjuvant-induced arthritis model ...

Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6

 

Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...regarding well-organized risk management. Due to the fact that having complex nature and involvement of numerous parties, the chances of being more prone to the unseen risk factors causing extensive delays, over budgeting, and underrated quality are quite recurring. A broad extent of literature is available on risk identification, analysis, and mitigation through various methods and techni...

Mohammad Adil1*, Muhammad A. Khan2, Naveed Ahmed1, Edward Bromhead3, Muhammad A. Arshad1, Muhammad Fahad1, Shahid Ullah1 and Khan Shahzada1

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Column Staggering in Flat Slabs Systems
...es can be used to reduce risks of punching shear, bending moment and deflection at extreme corners and edges, while avoiding edge beams in flat slabs for staggered column arrangement.

...
Haseeb Nisar1, Usman Pasha1, Kiran Hanif1, Rizwan Abid1Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani2, Haja N. Kadarmideen3 and Saima Sadaf1*
...iation towards increased risk of RA in allelic (OR=0.8130, 95%CI=0.708-0.932, p=0.003), co-dominant and dominant models; same hold true for the Asian population. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that in Asian population also, the association with RA manifestation is significant. However, in a cohort of 200 RA and 176 healthy subjects (n=376) from Pakistan, significant association between IL-6 -572 G/C polymorphism and progressive RA could not be establishe...
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
...h delineation of disease risk factors may provide a crucial insight into HIV prevention and treatment which could substantially curtail HIV epidemics in IDUs.
...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
...e gathered to define the risk factors favors the spread of Theileria spp. infection. 24% and 8.5% Theileria infection identified through PCR and microscopic examination during present investigation. The PCR detected 14.5% and 9.5% Theileria piroplasms infection in sheep and goats, respectively. Among Theileria species, PCR identified the incidence of T. lestoquardi and T. ovis was 16.5% and 5% respectively while 6% blood samples revealed mixed infection of bot...
Mohsin Ali1, Nargis Haider Kakar2, Rida Dawood3,4, Qurat-ul-ain Fatima5, Zunera Tanveer2, Shoaib Ahmad Malik6, Tauseef Muhammad Asmat1, Asadullah1, Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani1 and Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1*
...diabetic patients are at risk of having other immune diseases including thyroid abnormalities. The current study, undertaken in collaboration with Shaikh Khalifa-Bin-Zayed Hospital Quetta, investigates the relation of thyroid abnormalities in 224 DM (both type 1 and type 2) patients. The parameters of age, duration of diabetes and type of treatment were measured. Venous blood was taken to investigate the thyroid profiles. Out of 224 patients examined, 67.85% s...
Ahmad Sadiq1, Muzafar Shah2*, Habib Ullah1, Irfan Ali1, Amir Alam3
Navid Jalil1 and Muhammad Khan3
...berated to be at greater risk of hypertension and lipid abnormalities, which are the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present work revealed the role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the detection of lipid profile and CVD. In recent study 108 (56 males and 52 female) type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects were diagnosed at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar and private diabetic clinic “Khattak Medical Centre” (KMC), Dabgari Garden P...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
...ade. Thus, a qualitative risk assessment and disinfection of water supplies based on reported infection rates suggested that viruses in treated and untreated sewage effluents may pose the most risk. This risk assessment and a limited epidemiological evidence suggest that TSE is not harmful for the public places but it cannot be neglected, therefore proper guidelines and policies are...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...educing nest depredation risk and brood parasitism, and it could be viewed as an indicator to assess the pressure of sexual selection between two sexes.
...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
...d animals’ related risk factors. A total of 434 tick infested cattle from three districts were examined conveniently. The genus Rhipicephalus was the most prevalent (68.4%) followed by Hyalomma (19.6%) and mixed tick infestation (12%) in all study districts, respectively. The difference in prevalence of tick infestation was non-significant among the breeds with the exception of crossbred cattle in which it was found significantly (p&...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...an reduce water shortage risks with optimum yield in oil seed crops. Sesame is being considered the most tolerant crop for avoiding drought conditions with higher yield. Experiments on “response of sesame to sowing methods, nitrogen and sulphur levels” were carried out in Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. During two consecutive Kharif growing seasons of 2013 and 2014, respectively. Three sowing methods (fla...
Ying Liu1, Shankun Liu1, Hui Wang2 and Weihua Su2,*
...regnant women are a high risk to develop the GDM suffering from the diabetes, it showed the effect on the development and growth of the fetus. During the GDM increase the incidence of oxidative stress. Caffeic acid is a powerful free radical scavenger and possesses antioxidant effect against the various diseases. Previous study suggests that the caffeic acid have potent anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the current study was to scrutinize the protective e...
Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...e. Evaluation of various risk factors analysis demonstrated the strong positive association of BLV with age, herd size, parity, breeding (AI, Bull) and country of import. The animals found positive were imported from US, therefore there is a need to conduct a national epidemiological study on BLV to find out its true picture.
...
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
...and could be a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to man as well as economic losses. So, strict hygienic regulations and novel diagnostic tools should be used for prevention and detection of tuberculous mastitis in buffaloes’ farms. The general public health should also be intensely warned from consuming raw or unpasteurized milk. All these prophylactic measures will eventually lead to a positive impact on public health.
...
Hazrat Ali1, 2* and Ezzat Khan1*
...poses a potential health risk to fish consumers including humans. The aim of present research work was to study the bioaccumulation of Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in the carnivorous fish Mastacembelus armatus at different sites of three rivers in Malakand Division, Pakistan. The study also investigated tissue-specific accumulation of these metals in M. armatus at one site of River Panjkora. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in the fish muscles ranged fro...
Roland Eric Yessinou1*, Alain Richi Kamga Waladjo2, Nestor Noudeke1, Ignace Dramou3, Justin Adinsi1, Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon4, Elsie Yélognisê Sangnidjo5, Razack Osse5, Alfred Dansou6 and Souaïbou Farougou1
...ol efforts and limit the risk of transmission, both locally and internationally. This study is also important in order to guide interventions, public health authorities and inform on the evolution of the disease.
...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...c regions and other high-risk populations.

...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...sensitive urban designs, risk management against natural hazards and mapping of water-sector development in line with the Sustainable Development Goals; and trade in water-intensive crops. Both governments can learn from each other and update their respective water policies in the light of these quantitative findings. 

 

...
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...w decades. Recently, the risk of cancer and its mortality rates have increased both in economically less and highly developed countries. Two of the leading causes of the death of cancer are lung and breast cancers among males and females, respectively. A variety of drugs are in use for cancer treatment but their recruiting properties are limited because of the developing resistance and/or finiteness of bioavailability. Current research is aimed at synthesis of...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...nce of C. jejuni, risk factors associated with the occurrence, identification control and preventive measure to reduce the prevalence in broiler chicken farms in Kelantan state located at east coast region of peninsula Malaysia. Eighty cloacal swab samples were collected from 4 different broiler chicken farms in district Tumpat, Machang and Bachok. The samples were processed for identification of C. jejuni followed by PCR to detect the presence o...

Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1

...ful to reduce anesthetic risk by using high epidural analgesia in small ruminants for hindquarter surgical procedures like hysterotomy, celiotomy, rumenotomy, repair of prolapse (vigina, rectum and uterus) hernia and other abdominal affections.
...

Taqi Raza1*, Kashif Nazir Qureshi2, Shakeel Imran2, Neal Samuel Eash3 and Imma Bortone4

...ose pollution and health risks to human beings.

...
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...grobased countries is at risk of contamination with pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The current study was designed to investigate prevalence of pathogenic strains of S. aureus, assessment of risk factors, and in-vitro antibiogram of non-biofilm producing S. aureus (nbpSA) and biofilm positive S. aureus (bpSA)from mastitic goats. The purposive sampling technique was applied to c...

Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1*, Asif Ahmad1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Amer Mumtaz2, Muhammad Javaid Asad3, Saqib Jabbar2, Ahmad Mujtaba1 and Muhammad Nadeem4

...ildren are at particular risk of food borne diarrheal diseases, with 220 million falling ill and 96000 dying every year. There is a persistent rise in the health expenditure of Pakistan. Pakistan is spending 0.5 to 0.8% of its GDP. Total health expenditure during 2016-17 remains at 145.97 billion showing an increase of 9 percent over the last year. Pakistan has dire need of revamping the food safety policy and infrastructure. Food being an important intake is ...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
...revalence and associated risk factors of lameness at commercial dairy herds in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was 2,555 cows from 15 dairy herds assessed using a 5-point locomotion rating scale. A cow with a locomotion score of 3 or higher was considered to be lame. Lame cows were investigated for hoof and claw disorders based on clinical assessment. The prevalence of lameness at the herd-level ranged from 3.08% to 33.08% (overall = 14.20%). The prevalence ...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2*, Qian Chong3 and Bohyun Kim4
...stimate overexploitation risk and understand ongoing economic implications of particularly important fishery resources. Thus, this study is the first-time attempt to evaluate very important fishery resource, i.e., Penaeus shrimps of Pakistan by considering these aspects. A long catch and effort (CE) data series, 1971-2009, were used in this study. CE data was statistically analyzed by using non-equilibrium surplus production models (NE-SPMs), viz., Fox ...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...e study of the potential risk factors associated with Cryptococcus colonization in the donkeys did not show any statistically significant differences. Molecular serotyping of 6 identified Cryptococcus spp. evidenced C. gattii in the nasal passages of 4 healthy donkeys (7.7%); while the other 2 C. neoformans serotype A (3.8%) isolates identified in healthy and diseased donkeys. Four C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates ...
Samina Tahir Kiani1, Abdul Rauf1, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,*, Nuzhat Shafi1, Madiha Khalid2, Naeem Latif1, Samina Gul2, Saghir Yousaf3 and Muhammad Arshad4
...1) was found significant risk factor regarding spread of hepatitis B and C in the studied population.

 

...

Maha I. El Zaafarany1, WafaaM. Badawy2, Eman M. El Salakh3

...s the prevalence of high risk HPV16. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the presence of HPV in Egypt in a proportion of the malignant breast tissues. This finding suggests that HPV may have a biological significance in breast carcinogenesis.

...

Amal Mahmoud1&2 and Medhat H. Hashem3

... genotype C is a leading risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eight HBV isolates from Sohag governorate, Egypt were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), resulted in 1110 nt correspond to partial sequence of polymerase (pol) and envelop (env) genesTwo HBV isolates were associated with HCC (Sohag1 and 7). Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence and the amino acid of the pol or env genes revealed that 7 out of the 8 isolates were clos...

Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy

...nd the effect of certain risk factors including age and gender on the extent and impact of RV infection. The study included 73 infants and young children attending the pediatric Clinic,Al-Zhraa University Hospital in the period from May to October 2012. Their age ranged from six to twenty four months. They were 47 males and 26 females. Stool specimens were collected from all cases. These specimens were processed according to the manufacturer’s instructio...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
... industry and subsequent risk of human infection. Vaccination is an effective method for controlling avian influenza virus infections.This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the commercially applied AI vaccine regimens against challenge with three H5N1 HPAI viruses isolated from chickens, Egypt during 2009-2011. Both inactivated and recombinant fowlpox virus expressing H5 (rFP-AI-H5) vaccines were measured. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by percen...

Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc

...provided a public health risk and evoke the role of migratory birds in introducing AIV to human and other in contact wild and domestic birds.

...

Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden

...ination might reduce the risk of bird infection virus transmission by reducing virus
shedding. Challenge of vaccinated birds with AI vaccines under strictly controlled condition with
virulent HPAI virus may also be used to predict flock response to AI infection. The reduction in
challenge virus replication can be quantified using classical virus isolation (VI) and titration methods
in (ECE) or by molecular assay ...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
... demand but involves the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens. As Pakistan lacks medical facilities. the government has to get testing kits and primers from other countries. Only few quarantine centers are available and there is shortage of drugs, beds, trained doctors and paramedical staff. Unfortunately, no vaccine is available yet so the only management strategy is the prevention of infection by wearing masks and following social distancing. Cleanl...
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
...ere positive for the low risk genotypes. Twenty specimens
42.6% (20/47) were positive for genotypes 13 and 32. None of genotypes 18, 39, 56 and 59 was
detected. Twenty seven specimens 57.4% (27/47) were positive for the high risk genotypes.
Cytologically twenty nine samples 80.5% (29/36) which were positive for the PCR showed
koilocytosis and mitosoid cells. Some specimens were...

Nusrat Habib

...ved by women. During the risks, the most vulnerable people were women and children. Women’s household activities burden doubled during the disaster days comparing with their male member’s counterparts. Women contribute significantly to adaptation and resilience to climatic extremes. The drivers of their resilience are hard work and diversity of livelihood resources. In changing climate conditions, it is imperative to devise gender-sensitive and reg...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Ming-ge Zhuang1,2,3, Fa-lin Zhou1,2, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...ring a huge bio-security risk to shrimp breeding. This study was carried out to determine the feasibility of Pheretima tschiliensis as a replacement of traditional bait to accelerate the maturity of parent shrimps of Penaeus monodon, which was verified by the dynamics of vitellogenin gene expression in hepatopancreas and ovary of P. monodon. The parent shrimps fed on four different diets including commercial parent shrimps feed (Diet A), <...
Tian Tian, Lili Luo*, Haiyan Wang and Lei Wang
...ng trend, p<0.05. The risk factors that affect the success rate of methotrexate combined with mifepristone tablets are β-human chorionic gonadotropin level and progesterone level. To conclude β- human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone monitoring is a key step for treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Combined monitoring is of great significance in predicting the success of conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1

Hasnain Raza1*, Maryam Maqsood2, Muhammad Muzamil Nazir1, Iqra Tariq1, Kaynat Ahmed1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Ali Raza2, Huda Bilal3, Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1, Attiq ur Rehman1, Awais Rasheed1 and Muhammad Zeshan Gulzar1

...ion on wastewater health risks, CWs, and its phytoremediation attributes as a plant-based cleanup solution for wastewater remediation.

...

Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9

...t in a variety of health risks, illness, outbreaks, and even death. The goal of this study was to look at the students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on food safety and cleanliness at a different institution in KPK, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done among 1000 government and private university students in KPK, Pakistan, using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire with a total of 26 questions. Self-administered survey forms were use...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
...; emerges as a potential risk factor of breast cancer. Number of pregnancies has significant association with premature termination of pregnancies (P = 6 × 10–11). The regression coefficient for number of pregnancies is 0.220 ± 0.029= 1.25× i.e. a 25% increase for each additional pregnancy. There is a significant positive association betw...
Xueli Jiang1,2, Jie Gao3, Muhammad Zahid Sharif1,2, Xuewen Zhang4 and Fanglin Liu1,*
... assess honey bee health risks from exposure to real-world floral nectar with complex phenolic mixture. In the study, we investigate the bee losses of Apis mellifera in the flowering period of the Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia in southwestern China, and use data mining approach to model the relationships between nectar phenolics and bee losses. The results show that bee losses are closely related to the phenolics of isochlorogenic acid,...

Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2

...ge rate variability is a risk which may force the producers to change their production preferences. The Cobb-Douglas production function used to examine the functional association between exchange rate variability and behaviour of Pakistani rice producers. The Exchange rate volatility is measured through the Moving Average Standard Deviation and time-series data from 1981 to 2018 collected from various sources. This study uses the Johansen Co-integration and V...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...The clusters in the high-risk periods were more regionally distributed compared to the clusters in the low-risk periods. Regardless of the period, some road sections have been identified as crucial clusters that should be given priority for road fencing to mitigate human-deer conflicts. Our findings could also provide road administrators with practical options for management such as temporarily imposing vehicle speed limits ...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...ould be of public health risk. Data on plasma biochemistry profile which is indicative of the health condition of the birds in the wild is scanty while knowledge of the environmental factor that bridges the gap between the crow and man is lacking. This study evaluated the plasma biochemistry profile of C. albus and the environmental factor that bridges the gap between man and crow through which disease pathogens could be transmitted. The plasma biochemi...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
....5 billion people are at risk around the globe. Directorate of Health Services (DHS), Capital Development Authority/Metropolitan Corporation, which is responsible for urban Islamabad, has developed long term strategic plan in the very beginning when the dengue epidemic had erupted first time in the year 2011. DHS, MCI/CDA adopted WHO strategy for vector control, however, a new strategic tier was additionally introduced i.e. high risk
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
....5 billion people are at risk around the globe. Directorate of Health Services (DHS), Capital Development Authority/Metropolitan Corporation, which is responsible for urban Islamabad, has developed long term strategic plan in the very beginning when the dengue epidemic had erupted first time in the year 2011. DHS, MCI/CDA adopted WHO strategy for vector control, however, a new strategic tier was additionally introduced i.e. high risk
Hailong Dong1, Fubin Gan2, Khalid Mehmood3, Jiang-Yong Zeng4, Rao Zahid Abbas5, Mushtaq Ahmad Gondal6, Zhenyu Chang1 and Qingxia Wu1*
...al survey and associated risk factors of Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) infection in Tibetan yaks was investigated using an ELISA assay. The results showed that the 305/849 (35.92%) studied animals were sero-positive for F. hepatica with the further distribution of 24.20% (38/157), 38.02% (92/242) and 38.89% (175/450) from Bayi, Mainling, and Gongbo’gyamda areas, respectively. The seroprevalence of F. hepatica...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...entifying the associated risk factors of udder lesions and SCM, and to identify the association of udder lesions with SCM. Clinical inspection, palpation and observation were the main tools for determining the udder lesions whereas California Mastitis Tests (CMT) were used for the diagnosis of SCM. Milk samples from CMT positive cows and swab samples from cows’ udder surface with lesions were collected for laboratory analysis. Laboratory analysis includi...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
...mental hazards, exposure risks, residual perseverance and development of resistance. So there is a need to find out an alternate practice for the management of this pest. Pest damage may be reduced through the proper management of nutrients requirements and modifications with mineral nutrients such as Silicon (Si). In this experiment, Si amendments, at the rate of 1.25 and 2.50 g Sikg-1 soil were applied under controlled conditions to investigate th...
Nabila Rasheed1*, Bushra Waseem1, Kanwal Haneef2, Shumaila Usman3, Madeeha Sadiq1, Tabinda Urooj1, Sarah Tarique2 and Dabeeran Zeha4
...lems and certain disease risk factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment. This study was designed for the comparative analysis of viability and healing properties of GDM affected WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs) with Normal controls (N- WJMSCs). Mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from Wharton’s jelly of human umbilical cords from normal and gestational diabetic mothers. Cell viability was tested by trypan blue exclusion method a...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3

...alo. Diarrhea is a major risk factor for MAP, so 1100 blood samples were collected from diarrheic animals or having history of some diarrheic episodes from four districts of Punjab i.e. Kasur (n=300), Rawalpindi (n=230), Lahore (n=230) and Bahawalpur (n=340). These samples were tested using ELISA and overall seroprevalence found was 39.64%. The major host-associated and non-associated risk factors of MAP were also considered...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

... low and considered high-risk occupational groups of gaining zoonotic TB. Bovine tuberculosis is a main public health issue in different job-related groups in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The surveillance, prevention and control programs of this NZD in the KP province, Pakistan is necessary because of the continual unrestricted movement of the animals which might result in an increased spread of bTB to humans.

...
Tabinda Urooj1,*, Bushra Wasim1, Shamim Mushtaq2, Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah1, Lubna Faisal3, Moazzam Ali2, Nabeela Rasheed1 and Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi4
...iated with breast cancer risk factors. This study has analyzed the data gathered from two-renowned tertiary health care centers targeting a large subpopulation of Karachi. This will greatly help in determining the most prevalent risk factors as well as the clinical findings of breast cancer lung metastatic females among the target population. This comparative cross-sectional study which is aimed to determine the

Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2 

...cally, insignificant sex risk factor was statistically found in this study although Salmonella was more common in males (14.67%) than in females (8%) among food handlers and the opposite among hospitalized patients (4.76% and 10.34% in males and females, respectively). Salmonella infection was dominant in 20 < 35 and 35 < 50 age groups among food handlers and patients, respectively. Complete resistance of the obtained isolates was showed to erythromycin,...

Shireen S. Aboelwafa¹, Alsagher O. Ali², Rania Hamada³, Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud2* 

...lso affect public health risks. So that we estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in Egyptian small ruminants, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the seroprevalence in 92 sheep and 92 goats from four districts in Luxor governorate (Al-Qurnah, Armant, At-Tod, Esna). A total of 92 sheep were sampled, of which 37 (40.2%) were positive for T. gondii, six (6.5%) were positive for N. caninum and four (4.3%) were posi...

Zheng Tan*, Li Li, Yuxin Song, Meirong Tian and Fan Jia

... indicators for clinical risk stratification of CHD.

...
Muhammad Qasim Mazari1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rehana Buriro1, Asmatullah Kaka1, Fahmida Parveen1, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Ghulam Murtaza Lochi1, Abdul Ahad Soomro4, Ali Gul Soomro1, Abdul Ghaffar Abbasi1 and Sarfraz Hussain Depar1

Neelam Saba and Saba Irshad*

...guineous marriages are a risk factor for bilateral congenital cataract. Late age of presentation of cataract cases to hospital complicates the situation.

...

Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*

...nderstand its associated risk factors from the international border areas of Nepal. A total of 220 blood samples were collected randomly from apparently healthy ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) and screened for Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in sera using a cELISA kit. Out of 220 sera samples, 92 were positive for BTV, accounting for 41.8% prevalence in ruminants. Seroprevalence rate was the highest in Buffaloes (58.3%) followed by sheep and goat...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1, Mona A. El-Zamkan2* 

...k represents a potential risk for human health. According to our best efforts of research, it is the first time to isolate S. thoraltensis from raw milk in Egypt.

Keywords | Raw milk, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Antimicrobial resistance, Biofilm production, Proteolytic activity 

...

Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1* 

...y animals and associated risk factors at the farm level. The semi-structured questionnaire was designed as per the literature and used to collect leptospirosis associated risk factors along with serum samples from eight non-vaccinated dairy herds. The collected serum samples (n=56) were examined for detection of leptospiral antibodies using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), the gold standard serological test. The Chi...

Leila Shirani Bidabadi1,2, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani3, Fatemeh Janjani4, Abedin Sghafipour5*

...n should be aware of the risk of being bitten by this poisonous spider.
...

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

...e association of various risk factors in the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii, determine phylogeny and genetic variability of various isolates identified during the study, and report hematology of the affected bovines. The incidence of coxiellosis was estimated as 32.12% and 12.5% in cows and buffaloes, respectively. The association of selected clinical biomarkers was also ascertained and all of these were found significantly (p<0.05) associated with the inc...

Fan Xu1,2*, Cheng Wu3 and Su Zeng1

...was relatively high. The risk of embolism was easily caused by injection or small pot dripping, which may be related to the insufficient amount of solvent and the incomplete dispersion of lipid microspheres. As for the two dosage forms of lipo-PGE1 and DN-PGE1, the average particle size and PFAT5 after the preparation of DN-PGE1met the USP standard, and the stability indexes were more advantageous. The clinical treatment of alprostadil targeted injection can b...

Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2

...of HBV infection in high-risk patients has sharply decreased in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most important protective factors in this group of the population. Therefore, administration of a reminder dose based on antibody titer is recommended in these individuals.

...
Nadeem Raza1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Ali Ahmed Sheikh2, Muhammad Usman1*, Quratulain Mujahid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rizwan4
...data regarding potential risk factors like gender, age and tick infestation. Serological examination revealed the positive percentage of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in camels was 2.47% (10/405). Risk factor analysis showed that gender, age and tick infestation are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of borreliosis in camels. This study may play an important role in the transmission of borreliosis in understa...

Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze

...; hence, the occurrence, risk-factors and nature of cestodiasis and nematodiasis of horses at Obollo-Afor southeastern Nigeria were investigated. Horses billed for slaughter were randomly selected (N = 304) for sampling. About 5grams of faeces and 2ml of blood were collected from each horse into labeled containers for faecal floatation test and haematocrit determination. Gender and body condition scores (BCS) of horses were noted, while age groups and body wei...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

...e the seroprevalence and risk factors of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in the Rupandehi and Palpa districts of Nepal. A total of 89 goat serum samples were tested by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae. Out of the total serum sample tested, 3 were seropositive for CCPP giving an overall apparent seroprevalence of 3.37% and true seroprevalence of...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...thogens, which carry the risk for human health. The aim of this work is to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenolic and flavonoids contents in both water and ethanolic extracts of galangal and sumac extracts. Also, the effect of previous extracts on quality attributes of beef burger was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of both galangal and sumac were shown to have significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid conten...

Saied Belal1, Ashraf Albrakati1*, Khalaf Alsharif2, Saad Al-Shehri2, Mohamed Alblihed3, Malik Almuqati4, Anfal Alsharif5, Alaa Albarakati6 and Anas Al-sharif7

...affecting factors. Other risk factors appear to influence newborn measures at high altitude in much the same way as at other altitudes. The effect of residence at high altitude on the prematurity rate needs further investigations.

...

Noora Hassan Hezam Al-Aqmer1*, Zain Aamir2, Muhammad Farooq Hanif3, Soumble Zulfiqar4, Sibgha Zulfiqar1, Mateen Izhar5 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4*

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

...which would lower health risks and boost application safety.

Keywords | Cytotoxic, Chromosome aberrations, Loaded, Nanopesticides, Safety 

...

Hamidur Rahman1*, Asghar Ali Kamboh1, Nazar Ali Korejo2, Atta Muhammad Memon3, Rashid Ali Korejo3, Manzoor Ahmed Chandio1 

...nd area (p < 0.05) as risk factor for prevalence of brucellosis in camel. Moreover, out of 30 milk samples collected, milk ring test showed 6.6% prevalence. In conclusion, the brucellosis is prevailing in camels of district Sibi. The prevalence is comparatively higher in younger camels as well as in she-camels than older and males respectively.

Keywords | Brucellosis, Camel, cELISA, RBPT, MRT, Pakistan 

...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

Neeranoot Detcharoenyos1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Soontaree Petchdee2*
...mpression and reduce the risk of recurrence. This case report provides essential information on the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of osteochondroma in a young dog.
 
Keywords | Cartilaginous exostosis, Dog, MRI, Osteochondroma, Total resection
...

Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6

...s, the specie is in high risk of extinction. In this study, sixteen naturally growing wild jujube accessions were analysed based on multivariate analysis. Significant diversity was counted for selected morphological and biochemical traits like leaf length (1.8-5.4cm), thorn length (0.6-2.9 cm), fruit weight (1.88-4.72g), fruit length (8.83-19.34mm), fruit width (11.03 -22.74mm), stone weight (0.32-1.09g), TSS (5.9-13.2%) and vitamin C contents (131.2 to 165.56...

Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2 

...costs and removing other risks related with antibiotic misuse.

Keywords | Cross reactivity, Febrile, Malaria, Brucellosis, Typhoid fever  

...
M. Fatmawati1, L.T. Suwanti2*, Mufasirin3
...T. gondii. Raw milk is a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans. This paper discusses the presence of T. gondii in raw milk from various animals in both artificial and natural infections, the survival of T. gondii in milk and its derivatives and raw milk as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans.
 
Keywords | Toxoplasmosis, Raw milk, Environmental contamination
...
Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Ayesha Safder Chaudhry1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1,3, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob3*, Mudassir Hussain4, Farrukh Saleem3 and Muhammad Fayaz3
... morbidity and mortality risk.

...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...f ketosis and associated risk factors in dairy buffaloes. In this regard, milk and urine samples were individually collected from 96 buffaloes and analysed by Ross Modification of Rothera’s test and Abbott Precision Xtra™ meter to assess the ketone bodies levels. We observed a total of eight out of 96 (8.33%) buffaloes positive for ketosis. The peak prevalence (13.3%) of ketosis was detected during the third week of lactation. Animals with body con...

Reyad R. Shawish, Reda E. Hamed*, Zakaria H. Elbayoumi 

...it of the highest health risk to the consumers, followed by kofta, shawarma and burger, respectively. Besides that, positive samples were compared with the European Commission Regulations (EC) of the maximum permissible PAHs limits in the meat products (≤12 µgkg); so, 20 (25.0%) of the examined samples were compatible for human consumption safely. Conclusively, the present surveillance indicated the safety of some grilled commercial RTE meat products ...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
... higher profits or lower risk positions. Due to economic globalization and advancement in information technology, the financial market has become increasingly unstable therefore to understand the pattern of the volatility is difficult. This study aims to compare the performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) and the volatility models Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic in Mean (GARCH-M) to forecast the stock markets data. The data of tw...

Gawhara Ahmed-Abdelmonem1*, Zeinab Aboezz2, Ahmed Habashi1, Saad Sharawi2 

...es represents a constant risk for cattle production. Serotype A is one of FMDV that is already existing and incriminated lastly in serval problems in cattle population. So, this study aimed at molecular characterization of serotype A FMDV that has been involved in the latest FMD outbreaks in Egypt. Thirty-six samples (26 blood and 10 oral epithelial tissue samples) were obtained from suspected cattle in three Egyptian governorates during 2019-2020. The samples...

Saleha Tabassum1, Muneeza Zafar1,2, Munazza Raza Mirza1*, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary1,3, Ikram ul Haq4, Imran Riaz Malik2, Ambreen Ansari1 and Mehtab Alam5

... significantly at higher risk (OR, 2.16 (95%CI, 1.0910 to 4.2901), p = 0.02) of developing TB as compared to other ethnic categories. Strong association of CXCL9 polymorphism (rs2276886 G>A) with TB disease in Pakistani population was concluded especially, Punjabi speaking participants were found to have higher risk of developing TB.

...

Ali Wahdan1*, Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Manal Munier2, Elsayyad M. Ahmed3, Marwa Abo Hashem1  

...tion leading to zoonotic risk and nosocomial infections. So, this study focused on tracking the ica locus in different hosts and other virulence factors with genetic analysis of recovered isolates. A total of 350 random samples were collected from animals and hospital acquired infected patients. The recovered isolates were identified biochemically by vitek2 compact, confirmed by PCR and tested for sensitivity against varieties of antimicrobials. Three multi-...

Dong-Min Hou and Ding-Qi Rao*

...rganisms and pose health risks to animals and humans. Therefore, the size and types of microplastics and their effects on different organs of different types of animals were reviewed in this paper. However, we found that the health risks posed by microplastics to amphibians and reptiles remain unknown. Then, we reviewed the effects of microplastics on amphibians and reptiles, and most previous studies have focused on turtles...

Iram Amin1,2*, Shazia Rafique1, Nadeem Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahid1, Samia Afzal1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah1, Mohsin Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1,3

...BV/HDV causes additional risks and mortality rate. Currently, there is no vaccine available for HDV, therefore, treatment of patients with dual infection is indeed a challenge for clinicians. A timely and accurate diagnosis is critical for treatment in this regard. Expression and purification of HDAg, which is the only protein of HDV of the local isolate is the primary objective of the study. This antigenic recombinant HDAg protein can be useful for both vacci...

Lei Xu1, Qin Yang2 and XiaoYan Zhang3,*

...H)D were the independent risk factors of sclerosin (P < 0.05). PD patients present with the significant elevation in the level of sclerosin in serum, which is clearly associated with the levels of AACS, eGFR, FGF-23, iPTH and serum levels of phosphorus and 25(OH)D.

...

Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2

... cattle were significant risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in goats, however, age (> 2 years), was not a significant risk factor. To our knowledge this is first study in Pakistan investigating the role of goats in the chain of transmission of BoHV-1.

...

H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1 

...ble method to reduce the risk of pathogenic bacteria and reduce the use of antibiotics.

Keywords | Poultry farms, Hygiene, Enterobacteriaceae, Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance gens. 

...
Ahmed H. Massoud1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Moustafa Saad-Allah1, Aly S. Derbalah1, Ashraf Albrakati3* and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy4*
... can be used with little risk if label directions were followed, while some are extremely toxic and require special precautions. This study aimed to determine the patho-biochemical toxicity of short-term exposure to repeated low oral doses of malathion, metalaxyl and cymoxanil pesticides on male rats. Results of the present study demonstrated that low doses of malathion, metalaxyl and cymoxanil pesticides was asymptomatic and mostly showed insignificant histop...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...l association of various risk factors with occurrence of Lyme borreliosis was also estimated via univariate and multivariate logistic regression. From each dog, blood and tick samples were collected and then tick species were identified. DNA extraction was followed by detection of 16S rRNA signature gene using B. burgdorferi s.l. specific primers through conventional PCR. We found that 4.3% dogs and 8.9% tick pools were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Rhipice...

Sehrish Akram1, Abida Butt1* and Shakil Ahmad Khan2

...assessment of ecological risk of the tested compounds (single or mixture) against different silkworm instars.

...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...(i.e., through predation risk). For example, prey species may move from areas perceived as risky to safer spaces where predation risk is lower, which can have important consequences for investment in foraging, movement, and mating, and for the behaviour and habitat use of other species, such as mesopredators. These changes in prey and mesopredator behaviours are likely mediated by the pres...

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

... regarded as significant risk factor for the dynamic ability of small-ruminants and it sources enormous economic fatalities in most divisions of the globe as well as Pakistan. This study was designed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 500 blood samples (Sheep, n=250, Goat, n=250) were collected from different areas of South ...
Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
...ashmir and to assess the risk factors for their transmission. From approximately 16000 total individuals of population of Union Council Sena Daman 710 (4.4%) individuals were randomly screened for hepatitis B and C prevalence using Immuno-Chromatography Kits, ELISA and further confirmed by PCR. Among the tested individuals 174 (24.5%) including 90(51.7%) male and 84(48.3%) were found positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV including 4.6% HBsAg positive, 19.7% ant...

Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2

...oHV-1 and its associated risk factors in District Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was calculated using Raosoft sample size calculator. A total of 250 animals were sampled from herds of different sizes for sampling through convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire having variables related to animal species, age, herd size, parity, breeding method and housing management was filled at sample collection time. The serum samples were processed by...

Asma Basharat1, Abdul Wajid2*, Andleeb Batool1, Tayyeba Batool3, Abdul Basit4, Kamran Abbas5, Aziz Ullah1 and Mahmood Shaukat6

...enetic and environmental risk factors. In the present study, we focused on TBX22 gene, which is a major gene determinant essential to human palatogenesis. We analyzed a total of 134 DNA samples including 51 CP clinically assessed patients and 83 healthy controls. Our preliminary results revealed two novel missense substitutions i.e. P180Q in T-box domain and S328I in C-terminal of TBX22, while unrelated healthy controls revealed no sequence variants in these l...

Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1

...BoHV-1 in and associated risk factors with disease prevalence in various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan focusing on the Punjab Province. A total of 400 samples were randomly collected from cattle and buffalo of wheat rice Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, Low intensity Punjab and Rain-fed Punjab zones. The study revealed individual seroprevalence of BoHV-1 49.5% in cattle and 51.5% in buffalo. Over all prevalence in five zones of Punjab was observe...

Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir

... pulses are considered a risky crop due to yield fluctuations when compared to the competing cereal and other cash crops. Gram production in the Punjab is negatively affected by frequent unfavorable weather and disease incidences. Its production was found to be inversely related to the prices of wheat the major competing crop. This shows that as prices of competing crops increase the comparative profitability of gram decreases and hence its production decrease...

Sheeza Iqbal* and Asima Azam

... symptoms and associated risk factors among male and female patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex from March to July 2020 in district Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients with sciatica were analysed. All the patients were diagnosed with MRI, CT scan, spinal X-rays and straight leg raising (SLR) test. Of the 150 sciatica patients, 88 (58.7%) were females and 62 (41.3%) males. The prevalence of sciatica wa...

Nauman Zaheer Ghumman, Muhammad Ijaz*, Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Umar Javed, Iqra Muzammil and Ahmed Raza

...vidual animal-associated risk factors were analyzed to check the association with S. aureus and MRSA-associated subclinical mastitis. The results revealed an overall molecular prevalence of 28.70% for S. aureus among which MRSA-associated mastitis was found 47.62% prevalent. The SDS-PAGE analysis depicted the presence of a 78KDa protein band specific for PBP2a protein in MRSA. The comparative risk factor analysis showed sign...

Jax Vincent Gamulo, Maye Pearl Bolina, Jessica Serena Brion, Via Crishiela Nicole Dela Rosa, Roxanne Francesca Maglaya, Carl Lexter Tan, Aimee Caye Chang* 

...hat this SR-MA has a low risk of publication bias (P < 0.05). Overall, the results confirm that tropical plant extracts have a potential for phytotherapy against fascioliasis and drug development, and is comparable, in terms of induced mortality time, to commercially available fasciolocidal drugs.

Keywords | Fascioliasis, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, Tropical plant extracts, Mortality time 

...

Rinat Islamov*, Dinara Turegeldieva, Altyn Rysbekova, Kuralay Sarmantayeva, Victor Semenuyk 

...atus uncertainty creates risks not only for scientific research, but can also pose a danger to the researchers themselves. In this paper we present the results of the assessment of microbiological quality of laboratory animals from some universities and academic institutes in Almaty city, Kazakhstan. This is the first time that such work, involving several institutes, has been carried out. To do this, several pathogenic bacteria and viruses from the Federation...

Saima Akter1, Md. Rasel Prank1, Shariful Islam1, Sharmin Akter1, Injamamul Hasnine1, Murshed Uddin Ahmed2, Md. Shohel Al Faruk3* 

...ic infestations create a risk that impairs the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors of parasitic infestation of cattle in the Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Ullapara, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. A total of 121 fecal samples were collected and examined through a direct smear to detect the presence of the egg and oocyst of parasites. The overall prevalence of cattle parasitic infestation (mixed and sin...

ASIMA BANO1, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR*2, AROOSA RASHEED3, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD4, SHAFAAT YAR KHAN1 & RABIA YAQOOB5

...sterases, breast cancer, risk factors, diagnosis
...
ASMA ABDUL LATIF*1, SAMREEN MUSHTAQ1, SABIHA FAZAL1, MUHAMMAD MANSHA2, & ATIF YAQUB3
...er details on associated risk factors of infection. From these samples, 86 were randomly selected to be evaluated for the presence of IgG immunoglobulin by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in pregnant women was found 22% being IgG positive. The infection rate of T. gondii was observed higher (29%) in older age group (29-39 years) as compared to (18%) in younger age group (18-28 years). More seropos...
SAEED AHMED*1, ZIA-UR-RAHMAN1, SALMA KHALID2, TARIQ KHAN1, ARSHAD IQBAL3
& ZAMARUD SHAH4
...form bacteria which is a risk for the health of local community. Salmonella spp. was detected in 7.42 % of water samples having range 1-20 CFU 100ml-1, while E.coli was detected in 91.4% of water samples having colonial population between 1-40 CFU/100ml. According to this study, 98 % of the water sources of study area did not meet the safe limits for drinking water of the country as well as the WHO guidelines. Conclusively it was declared that water quality is...

SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2

A. A- E. Abo-Elkhier1, K. S. E. Abdel-Wahab2, M. A. Ali3, M. A-H. El-Sayed4, N.A-K. Saleh5 and A. A. Atef6

...men. and to estimate the risk or prenatal transmission of the virus and its effect in infected pregnant women. 120 aborted women between 17-36 years old and 120 women aged matched who had normal full-term pregnancy in labor were included in the present study. Maternal blood was tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibody and the positive cases were tested for HEV Ag and HEV RNA. The fetal tissue from anti-HEV IgG and IgM positive aborted women and cord serum of i...

Sen Ye1, Jiangang Pang2 and Xiuli Wang3*

...retreatment causes lower risk of cerebral hemorrhage in mice than warfarin pretreatment. we conclude that, compared with warfarin pretreatment, the relative down-regulation of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in rivaroxaban pretreatment ​​may be involved in the mechanism of reduction in bleeding complications.

...

Fei Shang and Pengfei Liu*

...lity to escape predation risks. Adults have the longest wing, which could support their early arrival at wintering ground in migration. Our studies suggest that body size in juveniles is fully developed and the yearling males display female mimicry in wing length which is an adaptive strategy to sexual selection.

...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

... climate and non-climate risk, their coping strategies and association to socioeconomic attributes. The study was carried out in two districts Nowshera and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using principal component analysis approach and regression analysis. The data were collected randomly from 130 sampled vegetable growers comprised of 65 respondents each from Nowshera and Charsadda districts through pre-tested interview schedule during financial yea...

Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6

Budi Guntoro1*, Agung Triatmojo1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Nguyen Hoang Qui1 

... practices to reduce the risk of Anthrax and FMD. A total of 868 farmers from 4 regions in Yogyakarta Province participated in this study through face-to-face interviews using a multi-stage random sample method and quota sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse primary data from the survey. Farmers were chosen by the criteria of who are staying and raising beef cattle in Yogyakarta. The results showed that farmers had a high experience and more th...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

...ge about pesticide uses, risks and storage among farmers in Lahore division of Punjab, Pakistan. And, to get knowledge from farmers regarding local knowledge system (LKS) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Most of respondents 97% (out of total 250) were male and 28% were between the ages of 26-45 years. Thirteen percent respondents had acquired education up to secondary level, and 92% respondents got knowledge about pesticide usage from pesticide retailers....
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
...with kidney function and risks of DN have been reported in different populations but with varying results. Hence, the objective of current study was to study the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with risk of DN in Pakistani subjects. For this study, 702 subjects were recruited who were divided into three groups; healthy control (n=222), diabetics without nephropathy (n=230) and diabetics with nephropathy (n=250). Clinic...

Antonius Agung Wiono1, Maria Elizabeth Nana Wijayanti1, Dhika Yonika Primacitra1, Trioso Purnawarman2, Andriyanto3, Aulia Andi Mustika3, Amaq Fadholly3* 

...oceeTM on mitigating the risk induced by heat stress and its productivity of broiler chicken.Materials and Methods:Broiler chicken were divided to six groups (normal control, negative control, heat stress treated vitamin C 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton, heat stress treated PhytoceeTM 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton). Its productivity was measured in different parameters including early – weekly - final body weight, feed consumption ratio (FCR). Each group were also e...

Yanping Li, Fei Xu, Yongming Wang*, Yunyun Lv, Jinrong Shi, Biwen Xie, Wenyao Cai and Dian Liu

..., which could reduce the risk of inbreeding due to loss of heterozygosity. Thus, we recommend the hybrid strategy of S. superciliaris ♀ × S. reevesae ♂ as the potential germplasm resources for further artificial reproduction. Population structure analysis and UPGMA tree indicated S. superciliaris and S. superciliaris ♀ × S. reevesae ♂ were clustered together that comprised of clade I, and S. reevesae and S. superciliaris ♂ × S. reev...

Xiaoyan Yang1* and Xiuli Xu2

...enza-like infection is a risk factor for heart attack and getting an influenza vaccine is recommended for people who are prone to heart disease.

...

Muhammad Aijaz1, Nasir Mahmood2, Ghulam Mujtaba3 and Imran Riaz Malik1*

...oeconomic status are the risk factors for the onset of breast cancer in the Pakistani population. Molecular analysis of the human IL-10 gene revealed that the prevalence of homozygous normal GG allele was 19%, heterozygous GA was 29% and homozygous mutant AA was 52% in breast cancer patients. However, in healthy individuals, GG allele was found in 70%, GA in 20%, and AA in 10% population. These findings proposed that the IL-10 gene (AA polymorphism) at the -10...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1

...aking it one of the high-risk countries in the world. This study was aimed to quantify the public’s awareness, attitude, perception and prevention among the population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted from Mar-Sep 2021. Participants were selected through random sampling and questioned face to face using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire. The first portion of the questionnaire enquired about basic demographic dat...

Sarfraz Ahmad1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1,* and Kashif Akram1,2

...of fat associated health risks. However, the low fat Mozzarella becomes hard and rubbery with reduced meltability and stretchability. The research was designed to explore the prospects of selected hydrocolloids to enhance the quality and functionality of low fat Mozzarella cheese from buffalo milk. Two hydrocolloids i.e. inulin (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) and resistant starch (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) were added in Mozzarella cheese making from low fat milk (2% fat). The pos...

Amna Mushtaq, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...ility represents a major risk factor for psychological implications in Pakistani PCOS women of southern Punjab. Psychological disturbance was found to be more prevalent in married females as compared to unmarried females.

...

Yu Liang Cao1, Yue Guo2,3*, Hui Zhang2 and Chun Sheng Wang2

...but still present a high risk to spread angiostrongyliasis in China; moreover. Internet sales of P. canaliculata and A. fulica should be brought to the attention of concerned administrations in China.

...

Yingying Wang, Jianyi Yu and Lichen Zhou*

...ases with serious health risks for wild animals. The South China tiger, the most endangered tiger subspecies endemic to China, remain only a little more than 200 today, was susceptibly infected with Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction to detect DNA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test for T. gondii antibodies. Antibodies (S/P>0.31) to T. gondii were found in 20 (26.32%) of the 76 tigers, while all blood samples test...
Chen Gu1,2, Ze-Dong Xu1, Lin Chen1, Ming-Hui Gu1, Sheng-Mei Yang1, Ai-Qing Wang1, Bao-Fa Yin1* and Wan-Hong Wei1,2,3*
...rategies under predation risk. This study investigated foraging behavior and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses of Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) offspring after their mothers had been repeatedly exposed to predator odors during pregnancy. We exposed pregnant Brandt’s voles to distilled water (DW, the control), rabbit odor (RO, non-predator odor), or cat odor (CO, predator odor) for 18 days (60 min/day). Once the offspring ma...

Kiran Afshan1*, Sobia Baseer1, Shanza Kiran1, Ghulam Narjis2 and Sabika Firasat1

...s to reduce the abortion risks and congenital abnormalities in fetus.

...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...e association of various risk factors in goats and sheep through qualitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This technique is sensitive and cost-effective for detecting disease in large no of animals. For this purpose, serum samples from 350 goats and 91 sheep were collected on the 20th day post-infection for detection of antibodies, and essential information related to potential risk factors was collected throug...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...foot pad lesions and the risk of bacterial infection. The study followed a completely randomized design, comprising of four treatments and three replications, with each replication consisting of 20 birds. Treatments A, B and C, where the birds were under FRPS at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, respectively, and the conventional complete confinement, treatment D (control). The birds were weighed and their foot pad lesions evaluated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age. Liver...
Misbah Ammanat1, Abdul Qadir1, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Rida Ahmad2,3, Usman Ahmad1, Irfan Zainab2 and Aliza Batool2,3
...the highlands. Collision risks for birds may be greatest around the Indus River and its tributaries. The study area is 7,951 km2, stretching from the Dasu Hydropower Project in the north to the Islamabad West Grid Station in the south. Field surveys at 678 observation points were conducted from November 2017 to October 2018. A total of 38,939 birds were sighted, representing 215 different species. Tarbela Reservoir and the future Dasu dam site had the greatest...

Asifa Majeed*, Amir Rashid, Palvasha Waheed, Asma Faryal, Aden Razaq and Ayesha Maryam

...bolism and is one of the risk factors to develop cardiovascular diseases. The genetic predisposition in association with environmental and lifestyle modifications can play a central role in the progression of diabetic dyslipidemia. A cross-sectional study was designed to detect pathogenic genetic variants in APOA1 and ABCG1 genes associated with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients. A total of ninety subjects of both genders, aged between 30-70  years...

Jemi Diporianto1,4, Denny Widaya Lukman2*, Yusuf Ridwan3 

... leading to an increased risk of disease spread between regions. Trichinellosis is one of the diseases transmitted through animal-based food products. Currently, the utilization of wild boar meat has increased for feed and food purposes, making it challenging to control the movement of wild boar meat for trade. Wild boars are more likely to transmit Trichinella spp. than domestic pigs due to the lack of animal health monitoring in wildlife. This study aimed to...

Haiyan Nan, Ran Feng, Guiling Zhang and Jingqin Liu*

...ssociated with increased risk in patients with T2DM, and FGF23 protein expression of patients increased, providing accurate warning for cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with vascular disease and T2DM.

...

Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...nation poses significant risks to animal health and performance, affecting various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize economic losses. We synthesized evidence from studies on harvest and ensiling techniques, silage additives and preservatives, postharvest management p...

Blessing Ndenum Peter1, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji1, Reuben Chukwuka Okocha2,3*, Ekemini Moses Okon4 

...umers are unaware of the risk of ready-to-eat (RTE) shrimps purchased in Ibadan seafood markets. Therefore, this study determined the microbial quality of ready-to-eat shrimps from three major seafood markets in Ibadan. Ready-to-eat shrimps were collected from 80 outlets at the three major seafood markets in Ibadan (50 from Bodija, 15 from Alesinloye and 15 from Eleyele) and checked for microbial presence, microbial counts, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns ...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...revalence and associated risks of different reproductive disorders. Results show that 12.41% (382/3079) reproductive disorders in does were recorded during the study period. The major reproductive disorders were anestrous (72.25%, 276/382), followed by retained placenta (6.8%, 26/382), and repeat breeding syndrome (4.19%, 16/382). Significant variation in prevalence estimates was observed considering the season (P=0.02) but not the age (P=0.59), BCS (P=0.65) o...
Muhammad Abdul Mannan1,2, Sharmin Chowdhury2, Md Abul Hashem3,4 and Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir1,5*
... should be aimed at high-risk populations and a thorough understanding of the epidemiology is crucial. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goat carcasses in the Chattogram Metropolitan area in Bangladesh. A sample of 400 abomasa (150 from sheep and 250 from goats) was collected from five different slaughterhouses in the Chattogram Metropolitan area and analyzed using morphological and...
FARZANA SIDDIQUE*1, NAZIMA FIRDOSE2, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD2, WARDAH HASSAN2
& SHAFAAT YAR KHAN2
...f this study confirm the risks of pesticide residues exposure that threaten
consumer health in all districts of Sargodha. So, it is recommended that
the pesticide residue monitoring programs must be instituted in Pakistan.
...

Hazrat Usman1, Shakeel Ahmad2*, Salah Uddin3, Humaira Wasila3 and Yasser Durrani4

...ity and potential health risks. The recorded values were compared to guidelines established by prominent regulatory bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA, 2018), and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA, 2008). By aligning the recorded values with these standards, the researchers aimed to assess compliance with recommended thresholds and evaluate potential health imp...

Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Saqib2*, Abid Rashid3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Khushal Khan Kasi5, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab2, Muhammad Azam Kakar5, Heinrich Neubauer1 and Mudassar Iqbal6*

...t and raw milk intake as risks for the infection. 

...
Saad Ibrahim Al-Sultan1, Mariam H.E. Khedr2, Ahmed S. Abdelaziz3, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez4, Tamer Mohamed Gad5, Sabry Mohamed El-Bahr6,7*, Sherief Abdel-Raheem1,8 and Hesham A. Khalifa3
...kes and potential health risks associated with the consumption of camel meat and edible offal among Saudi and Egyptian populations were additionally calculated in a comparative way. The obtained results indicated that edible offal including liver, kidney and tongue had higher levels of the tested metals compared with the muscle. Samples collected from Egypt had significantly (p< 0.05) higher metal residues than that collected from Saudi Arabia. Cadmium cont...

Sidra Mumtaz1, Sidra Arshad1, Rizwan Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Usman Rashid2 and Naila Malkani1*

...ession and breast cancer risk (OR=3.185, 95% CI=2.161–4.69, p<0.001). In subgroup analysis, Ets-1 overexpression was found highly associated (OR=2.149, 95% CI=1.141–4.048, p= 0.018) with breast cancer as compared to other Ets factors. Funnel plots confirmed no publication bias. Our study suggested Ets overexpression (especially Ets-1) might indicate an increased progression rate of breast cancer. However, to make a conclusive statement further i...

Mohammed M. Jassim, Mohammed R. Abduljaleel*, Zainab B. Abdulkareem, Noor H. Sanad, Ibrahim M.H. Alrashid

...bits that were under the risk of the delayed fracture healing could take advantage of treatments with the SMF.
 
Keywords | Rabbits, Bone fracture, Avian implantation
...

Anshara Javed Qureshi and Ishrat Aziz*

...apillaria specie) or the risk of capillariasis in domestic pigeons (Columbia Livia) in the Bahawalpur area of Pakistan was investigated in May 2023. Fecal samples of 100 pigeons (30 males and 70 females) belonging to 30 different breeds were collected from four different houses of the Dilawar colony area of Bahawalpur, and proceeded qualitatively through direct microscopy and floatation method. In this study, 18 (11 males and 7 females) out of the 100 samples ...

Qi Jiayi1, Huang XuMiao2, Lin Wei3, Ao YaHui3, Zhao Wenting2* and Cao Chunhao3*

... based on constructing a risk scoring formula. Besides, in virtue of univariate and multivariate Cox regression, immune-associated lncRNA signatures formed its structure. In addition, in virtue of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis genes were given functional identification. In total, there were 102 differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs which were identified, and there were four genes (USP30-AS1, U62317.1, ZEB1-AS1 and MIR205HR) ...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...tudy, the prevalence and risk factors of lumpy skin disease in cattle population in the study area was determined. A total number of 1390 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age, sex, breed and season over the study period, among them 325 case were clinically diagnosed as Lumpy Skin Disease. The overall prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle was 23.38%. The prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease was maximum 33.84% at age of 0-6 months, in compa...

Shudong Liu1,2, Shuai Wang1,2, Haoran Cui1 and Genyuan Chen1,2*

... To identify the genetic risk factors of alopecia in Chinese Merino sheep population, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The 60 Chinese Merino sheep alopecia cases and the 190 Chinese Merino sheep controls were from the same livestock farm. DNA was extracted from ear tissue using the saturated phenol-chloroform method. The DNA was genotyped using the Illumina Ovine SNP50 Bead Chip. After quality control, we detected 4,8335 SNPs, which inclu...

Kanda Yanuar Muhamad1,3, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2* 

...rgence of such potential risks. This research aimed to assess the level of knowledge among importers and sellers of reptiles concerning diseases that may be transmitted by these animals. A survey was conducted involving 113 employees working in reptile import and sales businesses all around Indonesia, utilizing the snowball sampling method. Data was collected through structured questionnaires administered during interviews. According to the research, most empl...

Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...nation poses significant risks to animal health and performance, affecting various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize economic losses. We synthesized evidence from studies on harvest and ensiling techniques, silage additives and preservatives, postharvest management p...

Farhana Umer1, Muhammad Sheryar2 and Sangam Khalil3*

... poles have caused fatal risks for birds and have affected their habitats significantly. Dangerous types of power poles in the middle voltage lines which have small distances between the lines and short insulators cause short-circuits between conductor wires or ground-faults. This paper presents a survey conducted in Multan city, Pakistan. In this survey, all 132kV high voltage grids and their 11kV outgoing feeders are observed and their locations are also mar...
Qingsen Ran1,2, Manjing Li3, Jiayin Han3, Lifang Wang3, Han Wang3,4, Shaobo Liu5* and Yanping Wang1*
...S rate with high and low risk scores. The accuracy of risk scores were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Hierarchical analysis and Cox regression were performed to assess the correlation between CC risk score and clinical symptoms. Moreover, qPCR was used to verify the expression level of prognostic genes in human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) and hu...
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...strategies to reduce the risk of economic losses due to parasitic infections. This was the first study to determine the incidence of these parasitic infections in pigeons of district Jhang. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the reported incidence in the current investigation by means of advanced molecular techniques. 
...

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

...nnaires based on various risk factors such as age, sex, breed, vaccination history, deworming, etc. A total of 174 case sheets of dogs and cats with skin lesions were analyzed. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of ectoparasite infestation among dogs and cats in semi-urban areas, recording rates of 56.92% and 76.92%, respectively, in contrast to semi-urban areas. Female cats (76.92%) and dogs (71.43%) displayed increased susceptibility compared to their...

Abo Elmagd l , Enas K.; Abdel-Wahab l , Kouka S.; Alrasheedy l , Zeinab E. and Khalifa2, Ahmed S.

...rs had a history of high risk exposure to percutaneous virus transmission. Commercial ELISA kits for IgG, IgM, IgA anti-HCV epitopes and RT-PCR kits were used according to kit instructions. Dot ELISA for detection of HCV antigen in infants PBNINC lysates was an in house test. Previous exposure to HCV infection indicated by antibodies to the HCV six epitopes was detected in 8/61 (13%) mothers. Active HCV infection by anti-core and HCV-RNA detection was 5/8 (62....

Abo-Elmagdl , Enas K;El-Mougy2, Hala M. T. and Abd El-Salam 3, Manal

...nd the effect of certain risk factors including age and gender on the extent and impact of RSV infection. The study included 72 infants and young children, their age ranged from one to thirty six months. They were 43 males and 29 females. They were

...

Arafa, A.; Kanawaty, Z.; Abdclwhab. E. M.; Hassan, M.K.; and Aly M.M.

...s, so there is permanent risk of the transmission of emerging transboundary diseases, in particular Avian Influenza, from European and Asian countries to Egypt. Moreover, absence of biosecurity measures in backyard birds and possibility of continuous contact with wild migratory birds make the vulnerability of backyards to avian influenza much easier than commercial poultry farms. Avian Influenza subtype H7 was isolated from wild migratory ducks in El-Abassa La...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

... of potential concern or risk, such as areas that are prone to flood or erosion. The results of this study can help inform strategies and water resource management policies to ensure the sustainable use of water resources in Iraq.

...

Tarek Refaay, E.A. Elshafiee, Hayam A. Mansour and Maha A. Sabry*

 

...in Egypt poses a serious risk to public health. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on identifying practices which increase the risk of food contamination, and on implementing measures to improve the sanitary conditions in the food outlets in touristic cities.

...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

...s quality control, and a risk-benefit analysis. We think AI tools should only be used in clinical settings once they have undergone thorough validation. Once that is done, we think they should be continuously checked in clinical settings. Furthermore, it is imperative that veterinary practitioners receive precise instructions and guidelines for the best possible use of these tools. 

...

Kouengoua Kouengoua Armelle Prudence1*, Yessinou Roland2, Nankam Chimi Roland1, Fotsac Dzousse Muller1, Kouam Alain1, Djuikwo Felicite1, Facho Balaam1, Awah Ndukum Julius3, Farougou Souaibou2 

... methods of diagnostics, risk factors. After several screenings, six articles were considered for this systematic review. East and Southern Africa countries carry on most researches on bovine tuberculosis in wildlife. Available studies assessed the status of wild mammal, carnivore. Further researches to improve the knowledge on the status of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife in Africa are still needed in order to allow proper disease monitoring in wildlife-cattl...

Hillary M.O. Otieno1,2*

...l crop and environmental risks that may arise from the improper use of herbicides and highlights the importance of implementing mitigation strategies to ensure sustainable and responsible herbicide usage in the region.

...
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
... identify the associated risk factors which can lead to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Paediatrics Ward Unit-II of Civil Hospital, Karachi. All laboratory tests were done from the central laboratory of the civil hospital. The presence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was staged using the Sarnat criteria at the time of admission. Data was collected on predesigned proforma consisting of demographic variabl...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

...M) is linked to a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The development and outcome of atherosclerosis are both influenced by vascular inflammation. The main purpose of this study is to find the impact of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and thrombomodulin on vascular damage in the patients having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to identify the relationship of IL-6 with insulin resistance. The patients visiting Amin Hayat Memorial Diabetic Center, La...

Waseem Abbas1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Hasina Baloch1,  Muhammad Abubakar3, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro1, Neluma Wali2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi1, Azhar Ali Laghari4, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rani Wagan1 and Mehkar Hussain5

...stan. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis were recorded during this study. Confirmation of Brucella abortus in serum was carried out using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Seroprevalence at district Gilgit was recorded 6.66% in cows and 6.66% in yak while it was 3.33% in zo. Seroprevalence at Nagar district was recorded as 43.33% in cows and13.33% in yak while it was 10% in zo. The overall preva...

LAILA SHAHZAD*1, ARIFA TAHIR2 & FAIZA SHARIF3

...te change poses a higher risk to the livelihood of vulnerable rural mountainous community due to prevailing poverty and more dependence on the natural resources of the surrounding areas. Aim of the study was to assess the local people’s perception of changing climate and to link it with meteorological data in the mid hills of Tehsil Balakot, KPK Pakistan. Using mix method approach of interviews and questionnaire, data was collected from 200 randomly sele...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1*, KAFEEL AHMAD1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MUHAMMAD NADEEM3, ASMA ASHFAQ1,
BABAR MUNIR1, HAFSA MEMOONA3, MADIHA SANA3, FARZANA SHAHEEN1, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD4, HIRA MUQADAS4, MAHPARA SHEZADI5, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA6, HUMAYUN BASHIR1,
MUDASRA MUNIR1, ILKER UGULU7 & YUNUS DOGAN7

KAFEEL AHMAD1, NIMRA ARSHAD1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, HAFSA MEMONA4, MADIHA SANA4, KHALID NAWAZ5, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, TASAWAR ABBAS6, ABRAR HUSSAIN7, MUHAMMAD SHER8, MUHAMMAD FAHAD ULLAH6, MUHAMMAD AKRAM QAZI9, MUHAMMAD NADEEM10, MUHAMMAD RIZWAN QURESHI10

...ake of metals and health risk index was found highest in the samples collected from site IV. The pollution load index was found highest in the samples collected from site V (Bhalwal Road).

...

MUJIBUR RAHMAN1, MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN1*, WISAL SHAH1 & ALIA NAZ1

...Cd which may pose health risk.

...

ZEESHAN REHMAN1, RANA ABRAR HUSSAIN1, SHAISTA JABEEN2, SAKHAWAT ALI2, ZAHAR NOREEN1 & IRUM MUKHTAR1*

...to evaluate human health risks in association with food chain contamination of heavy metals from urban and industrial wastewater irrigation. During present investigation, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ concentrations were analyzed in mostly cultivated/consumed Brassica oleracea. Var. Botyris species in Lahore (LHR), Narowal and Kasur districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The average concentration of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated samples was the highest (153.4233mg kg−1...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

...ic measures are at great risk of UTI.

...

ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8

...uate the possible health risks of heavy metals in forages. Forages both forsummer and winter were grown with different water treatments (sewage and tap water). The concentration of cadmium in water, root and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health risk index were calculated. In tap water Cd value was 0.54 mg/L and in sewage water, it was 0.56 m...

ASMA ZAFAR*, MONIBA KHAWAR, MAHNOOR CHAUDHRY, SAYYEDA SANA BATOOL, AMJAD HUSSAIN** & MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM

...ls and thus minimize the risk of adverse side effects. The interaction of azurin with P53 (tumor suppressor protein), Eph/ephrin receptor and Cadherin enhances the activity of azurin by inducing apoptosis in cancerous cells, disrupting signaling among cancerous cells and inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells as well as suppressing the activity of tumor cells. This review article focuses on the activity of the bacterial protein azurin as an anti-cancer agent...

LAILA SHAHZAD*1, MUHAMMAD UMER HAYYAT1, NIDA SAJID1, FAIZA SHARIF1, ASMA MANSOOR1, MANAL SHAH1 & NABEEHA LODHI1

...nd 90% are aware of high risk of area to natural disasters. 71% respondents still suffer from psychological trauma. More than 60% respondents want to leave the area but are unable to do so because of lack of governmental support. More than 72% people have no reach to information on future disasters. Ninety percent buildings are being built without codes. Almost 50% buildings are reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) and contribute to vulnerability. Other factors ...

1*AFIRA WAQAR, 2ADNAN RAUF, 3BUSHRA CHAUDHRY &4IKRAM-UL HAQ

...dentification of genetic risk factors of the complex diseases. New pharmacological therapies may get established by understanding the underpinning of biological genetic effects. We focus here on the applications and strategies that are currently best suitable for genetic studies which provide preliminary genetic information for subsequent statistical analyses. Here we review the basic concept of genetic alterations including monogenic and polygenic characteris...

UZMA PARVEEN1, MASROOR ELLAHI BABAR1*, NIDA BABAR2, TAHIRA MUGHAL3 & AKHTAR ALI1

... size would increase the risk of pre and post term births in Lahore.

...

Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5

...maticides to combat this risk. However, due to the increasing awareness about the detrimental effects of chemicals on human health and the environment, its continuous use is discouraged worldwide. The search for other eco-friendly alternatives has led to the use of different plant extracts with known pesticidal properties. This current research was conducted to determine the nematicidal status of Anacardium occidental fractions. Analysis of ethanol extract of ...

Shahabaz Ul Haq1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Arsalan Khan2*, Adeel Khalid1, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Raheela Taj5, Asad Ullah6, Hidayatullah Soomro7 and Muhammad Wasim Usmani8*

...n and monitoring of high-risk groups. 

...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...and possess a continuous risk to the sustainable development of this growing sector. The present study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibiti...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...and possess a continuous risk to the sustainable development of this growing sector. The present study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibiti...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

...8 to September 2019. The risk factor was identified by using the Interviews, observation, and anthropometric indices assessment. The stool samples were collected and preserved in 10% formalin solution and safely transported to Parasitology Laboratory, University of Malakand for parasite examination. Each of the samples was processed in direct smear methods and examined under microscope first under low power objectives and then higher power Lense. Evidence of i...

Mirwaise Khan1, Rubab Maqsood1, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Shakera Sadiq Gill1, Muhammad Noman1, Rafia Akram1, Muhammad Sajid Hasni1, Haroon Rashid3 and Mamoona Chaudhry1*

...us genotypes, associated risk factors and required control measures.

...

Tanveer Jilani1*, Irfan Khan2, Asmat Salim2, Fareena Bilwani1, Bushra Moiz3 and Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal1,4

...umans is superior as the risk of contamination is minimal. The method of isolation and purification of CD34+-derived EPCs used in this study is simpler, user friendly and is more efficient as compared to other techniques. Human EPCs differentiated by this protocol can then be used to study normal and abnormal erythropoiesis.

...

Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*

...ed mutton is a potential risk factor for the transmission of T. gondii infection to humans. Besides, the occurrence of T. gondii type II in the three genotyped ADNA isolates.

...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...tilized in environmental risk evaluation and in bio-monitoring approaches. 
 
Novelty Statement | This research sheds light on the genotoxicity and environmental risks associated with endosulfan and chlorpyrifos pesticides in freshwater ecosystems and offers new insights into the potential synergistic effects of these pesticides on aquatic organisms.
...

Shangmei Peng1 and Changhe Yu2*

...study was to explore the risk factors of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in patients examined by computed tomography (CT) with iodine contrast agent. A retrospective analysis was made on 1591 patients (809 cases in contrast-enhanced CT group and 782 cases in plain CT group) who underwent CT examination in Yanbian University hospital from May 2012 to May 2022. Binary logistics regression analysis was used to determine the ...

Moazama Batool1*, Syeda Ansa Fatima1, Saima Naz2*, Qurat Ul Ain1, Sheeza Bano1, Ghulam Abbas3 and Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4

...s evaluated that poses a risk to aquatic life especially fish, which are very sensitive in response to change in environmental conditions. The current study evaluated the effects of bifenthrin on Ctenopharyngodon idella’s behavioral and hematology alterations. The acute toxicity 96-hr LC50 of bifenthrin for grass carp was determined as 6.5µg/L. Fish were divided into four groups i.e., one control and three experimental groups having eight fish in e...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...prevalence and potential risk factors of PPR among sheep and goats. Based on the selection criteria and quality assessment score, 40 peer-reviewed publications were included in the final database for the meta-analysis. The prevalence was determined in a forest plot using R studio software with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the significance of the study publications was shown through a funnel plot. The estimated pooled prevalence of PPR was 39.1...

Safdar Abbas1, Jawaria Ali Khan1*, Syed Saleem Ahmed1 and Aftab Ahmed Anjum2

...biochemical changes, and risk factors associated with the occurrence of BCoV infection in cattle calves at different dairy farms and small households in the district of Jhelum, Pakistan. From July 2020 to June 2021, 200 faecal samples were collected from newborn cattle calves exhibiting symptoms of diarrhoea and dysentery. S&C Biotech Bovine Coronavirus Antigen Rapid Test Kits were used to screen samples, which were then subjected to RT-PCR for molecular c...
Majid Azizi and Mohammad Modarres
...pportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR). A hierarchy is used to prioritize the BOCR themselves are prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ratings approach. A control hierarchy is then created and prioritized using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to evaluate the control criteria of the system. There are a total of 19 control criteria in the system and each controls a decision network evaluated using the ANP. The final synthesis of the system sh...
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
...lace and to evaluate the risk of erosion in the study area. For this purpose, initial data were collected from 1:20,000 aerial photographs followed by field visits. The survey revealed that extent of the gully erosion, rill erosion, patches of land sliding, land sliding, land sliding and stream bank erosion was 46.31, 22.08, 1,00, 8.85 and 17.33 hectares, respectively. The general slope of the study area was 10-80% of which 10-30% was slope of the terraced ar...
M. Ayaz
...duce the noise level and risk of hearing disability to the workers are recommended....
R. F. Fisher and Zahid Javid
...ging, run the very great risk of removing from the site the nitrogen added through shisham cropping....

Anup Sarker1, Dibyendu Biswas1, Md. Fakruzzaman2, Gautam Kumar Deb3, S.M. Jahangir Hossain4, Md. Ashadul Alam2, M.A.M. Yahia Khandoker5, Ashit Kumar Paul1*

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

...examination pose a major risk to the health of those who have asthma, especially and occupants of such houses normally. Curative steps are needed to safeguard the people at risk
 
Novelty Statement | This study is unique in reporting the risk of high indoor carbon dioxide concentrations for asthmatic patients of people living...

Dunia Tahseen Nema Al-Aridhi 

...reased renal dysfunction risks.This study provides evidence for a bidirectional relationship between serum uric acid and kidney function markers. Uric acid demonstrated good predictive accuracy for identifying impaired renal function, highlighting its potential utility as a risk factor or prognostic marker for CKD progression. The development of a predictive model incorporating uric acid could inform clinical management stra...
Javairia Mehboob1, Syeda Hafsa Ali1*, Fahima Ashraf Kasi1, Syeda Ayesha Ali2, Safa
Farooqi3, Muneeza Arbab4,
...of toxicity and possible risk of drug resistance.
...

Md. Nazrul Islam1*, Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury3’ 

...ue to lack of scientific risk evaluation for BSE. The scientific data were reviewed, hazards were scheduled and surveys were conducted - on import of livestock and its commodities. The analysis was done by the “OIE Risk Analysis Framework 2006 and Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) 2003”,consists of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk

Yueting Chen* and Ying Hu

...wed that the independent risk factors of malnutrition included age>65 years old, HS-CRP>5 mg/ml and Kt/v<1.2. It was concluded that the incidence of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease is relatively high, which is closely related to the age, inflammatory state and dialysis adequacy of the patients. According to nutritional risk characteristics of hemodialysis patients with end stage re...

Yueting Chen* and Ying Hu

...wed that the independent risk factors of malnutrition included age>65 years old, HS-CRP>5 mg/ml and Kt/v<1.2. It was concluded that the incidence of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease is relatively high, which is closely related to the age, inflammatory state and dialysis adequacy of the patients. According to nutritional risk characteristics of hemodialysis patients with end stage re...

Ying Li, Peng Zhan, Qiang Wang and Dongfeng Chen*

...y was to investigate the risk factors of cartilage wear in the lateral compartment of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis (VKO). The sample consisted of 110 patients with VKO who underwent total knee arthroplasty at Fujian hospital. The patients were divided into the lateral compartment cartilage abrasion group (n=30) and the lateral compartment cartilage non abrasion group (n=80) according to the lateral compartment cartilage status. The clinical data and...

Yue Guo1,2*, Hai Yan Dong1, Hong Chang Zhou1,2, Hui Zhang1 and Ming Ke Lu3

...e over 50 were at higher risk.

...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Galia Sheinberg Waisburd2, Alberto Martin Cordero3, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Ariadna Flores Ortega4, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez5 

...abortion. Because of the risk, they represent measures to control their spread, such as restricting global trade and sporting events. Therefore, the efficacy of fluralaner was evaluated against ticks in horses. Horses were treated with fluralaner 25 mg/kg. Most of the ticks were found on the ears (55.63%), the head (23.23%), and the rest of the body (21.12%). Fluralaner appears to provide effective control of ticks for at least 90 days. In this study, with the...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3 

... regarding infection and risk factors for endoparasites, such as helminths like Toxocara, is crucial for implementing effective control programs. The objective of this study was to assess the current prevalence and risk factors for Toxocara spp. in cats. A total of 3695 fecal samples from cats of all ages, genders, breeds, clinical conditions, and origins, representing 31 out of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, were in...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

...s associated with health risks. The presence of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria underscores the significance of using suitable antibiotic therapy to minimize the dissemination of resistance in both animals and humans.
 
Keywords | ARGs, Shotgun metagenomics, Dairy cows, Antibiotics
...

Hawraa F.H. Alowaid1*, Afrah Adil Hassan1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

...d tramadol use carries a risk of greater hepatic and renal damage. As such, tramadol’s harmful effects must be taken into account during ongoing treatment.
 
Keywords | Tramadol, Functional, Histopathology, Oxidative stress, Antioxidants, Biochemical indices, Liver, Kidney, Rat
...

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

... The global health is at risk due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is producing unprecedented financial, social, and political disturbances. Using a comprehensive One Health (OH) approach to implement interventions at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment is one option to stop such a pandemic. To assess the development of the OH strategy, including the identification of critical OH activities implemented for pr...

Md. Asaduzzaman Lovelu1, Md. Amir Hossain2*, Md. Uzzal Hossain1, Tanzila Zafrin Tanvi1, Mahfuza Ferdous3, Nazmin Sultana Runa4, Assrafi Siddika3, Md. Sahidul Islam2 

...l was to investigate the risk factors and prevalence of tick infestations that cause economic harm to livestock as well as related diseases. A total 557 calves were analyzed between January and May of 2023, with age, sex, housing, and health categories. By hand-picking ticks, blood parasites were examined under a stereomicroscope and stained with Giemsa’s stain. Among the investigated cattle, 37.88% had tick infestations: 14% had Rhipicephalus (Boophilus...

Maysoon S. Abbas, Shaimaa N. Yassein 

...s required to assess the risks of Vibrio spp. colonization in other animals and humans in close contact.  

...

Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3

...uated the prevalence and risks factors of bovine schistosomiasis in the North, Adamawa and west, regions of Cameroon. A total of 700 cattle were examined in slaughterhouses in the Adamawa, North and West regions from February to September 2023.Screening methods by visual exploration of the mesenteric veins in search of adult worms and coproscopic analysis using the filtration technique were used. This last technique, although being the technique of choice beca...

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...pathogens and associated risk factors were observed through the multiple logistic regression method. The overall prevalence of a single infection of A. marginale was found to be 14.26% and for T. annulata it was 15.28%. The mixed infection, through duplex PCR in the buffalo population, was observed as 12.92%. Different associated risk factors were evaluated to assess their association with the prevalence of these pathogens. ...

Hui-juan Yan1, Wei Wang2,*, Jian-qiu Yu1, Jun Yi2, Li-li Niu1, Hong-wei Chen1, Yu Qu1, Yang Pu 1, Ang Chen1, Yan Zhong1, Wei-gang Chen1 and Xing-ming Yu1

...s a small mammal at high risk of extinction in the wild. In the present study, we sequenced the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene and compared the gut microbiota composition among three ages of captive hog deer, including one infant (Z1, six months old), three young (Z2, ten months old) and 12 adult (Z3, 4-5 years old). A total of 26 phyla (15, 22 and 25 in Z1, Z2 and Z3) and 310 genera (153, 254 and 304 in Z1, Z2 and Z3) were identified. In Z1, Z2 and Z3, Firmicutes...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Asmat Ullah2, Arbab Jahangeer1, Naveed Akhtar3, Tahira Tabassum3, Ali Zohaib3, Naveed Ramzan3

...fy;">Salinity is a major risk to cotton cultivation. In salinity, soluble salts are gathered in the root zone of plants causing ionic and osmotic disproportion. However, by way of a superior field-management opportunity, buildup of soluble salts in rhizosphere can be managed by applying soil mulching which reduces water evaporation from soil hence limits upward movement of salts. Moreover, it also reserves soil moisture, increases utilizing efficiencies of nut...
...observed. In conclusion, risk associated factors and seroepidemiology of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats should be investigated in Ethiopia.

...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

...revalence and associated risk factors of GIT nematodes in cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The investigation included the identification of nematode species, a questionnaire survey, and fecal testing. This study investigated the connections between various significant risk factors and the prevalence of GIT nematodes in Cattle. A total of 246 fecal samples from cattle grown under various management systems were obtain...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...pidemiological state and risk factors for LSD virus (LSDV) in the six governorates of Egypt (Al-Menia, Alwady ALgaded, Al-Bhera, Al-Dakahlia, Al-Menofia, and Al-Sharqia), based on viral isolation and molecular detection. The required data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire during fieldwork. This study examined 575 cattle from 25 herds during the LSD outbreak from June 2020 to May 2022. Approximately 185 of 575 cows showed typical LSDV clinical...

Uzma Zafar1*, Zaima Ali1, Ambreen Tauseef2 and Saba Khaliq3

...iated with the increased risk of metabolic syndrome. The major ‘CC’ genotype of -11377 C>G was associated with the decreased risk [(p=0.004; OR (CI)=0.55(0.36-0.83)] of metabolic syndrome. Serum adiponectin was higher significantly in the wild genotype (CC) of -11377 C>G in cases and controls. Serum adiponectin correlated inversely with blood pressure, waist circumference and fasting serum glucose; and it e...

Ahmed J. Jaafer1*, Alaa K. Jassim1, Nidhal A. Hashim2 

... is also one of the main risk factors for pregnancy that can be changed. Knowing and evaluating the relationship of body mass index with insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes. This case-control study included 50 pregnant women suffering from gestational diabetes who were diagnosed by doctors at Maysan Children’s and Maternity Hospital for the period from 5/11/2023 to 5/20/2024, along with 50 pregnant women who did not have gestational dia...

Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1

...ties highlight potential risks associated with Malathion exposure, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of the environmental consequences of new insecticides. The results showed significant morphological changes  in red blood cells, severe histological changes and DNA damage in brain tissues of exposed fish. Thus, malathion in water have toxic effects on fish therefore its seepage into aquatic bodies should be carefully monitored.

...

Nesreen Ahmed Nasser1, Anas H. Sadek2, Bayadir Abdulhussein Mahmeed3, Osama Akram Mohsein4* 

...er because of its future risks. 

...

Israa M. Essa*, Ghazi Y. Azzal, Alaa Tariq Abdulwahid

...ordingly, positive rate, risk and Odd ratio of fasciolosis were reported significantly in sheep of larger than 3 years than those of larger than 2-3 years, 1-2 years and sheep of less than 1 year. Concerning sex, no variation was detected between female (9.02%) and male (5.26%) sheep; however, females were appeared at higher risk of infection males. Molecular examination using the PCR assay demonstrated that 93.1% of samples...

Mehak Muhammad Ashfaq1*, Aqsa Naeem Chawla1, Muhammad Umaid Ali1 and Adnan Ahmed Bhutto2

...ids is linked to a lower risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and others. Nevertheless, due to research constraints and confounding variables such as study design, population size, and usage of various chocolate product types, dosages, and contents, additional large-scale human experiments are required to validate and advocate the chocolate diet. An increasing amount of...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...racteristics, associated risk factors, and investigation of a variety of hard tick infestation in small ruminant populations in District Mardan, Buner, and Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 5000 goats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations were inspected and examined for tick infestation. A total of 1774 goats and 1044 sheep were found to be tick infested, and the percentage prevalence was 59.37 for goats and 51.45 for sheep ...

Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das

Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1

...nimals. The hypothesized risky role of companion animals in the load and dissemination of multidrug resistant uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) which causes community-acquired UTI in pets and human community has been monitored. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of shared uropathogenic E. coli serotypes isolated from companion animals and human as well as assessed their virulence determinants which implemented in pathogenesis and severity of infe...

Isti Anindya1, Ibnu Agus Ariyanto2  and Amin Soebandrio

...ne systems are at higher risk for severe diseases. Study in Egypt showed a high prevalence of CMV IgG (97.8%) in children with autism. In Indonesia, there is no current data available to indicate the prevalence of CMV in children with autism. Therefore, we examined anti-CMV IgG in children with autism and analyzed the relationship between IgG CMV variable and more independent variables. During 2023, 100 children with autism and 101 children without autism (2-5...

Muhammad Al-Maruf1, Mahfuzul Islam2, Md. Rashedul Islam3, Syidul Islam1, Md. Sirazul Islam4, Md. Roknuzzaman Khan1, Md. Khairul Islam1, Md. Akib Zabed1, K. B. M. Saiful Islam1*

...ation and its associated risk factors in the broiler farms of Munshigonj, Narayanganj, and Narsingdi Districts in Bangladesh. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 100 broiler farms. We speculated that individual samples had a higher possibility of isolating Campylobacter; however, five randomly selected broilers from each farm were used to create a pooled sample for this study. Standard bacteriological and molecular techniques were followed to isolate and ...
Rehana Yasmin1,2, Rashda Abbasi2*, Tariq Saeed2, Madiha Sadiq2, Nuzhat Yasmeen3, Muhammad Iqbal4, A. Khuzaim Alzahrani5, Nadeem Kizilbash5, Ugur Bilge6, Nafees Ahmad2 and Sajid Malik1*
...ntal, life-style related risk factors and phenotypic characteristics of leukemia subtypes were investigated in Pakistani population. A total of 1500 subjects, including 616 patients and 884 controls were recruited through a retrospective cross-sectional sampling design. Descriptive summaries were generated, and risk factors were analyzed through logistic regression. We identified Pathan ethnicity (OR=2.85; 95%CI=2.29-3.54), ...

Hussein Jabar Jasim*, Naer Abdulbari Madlool Alkaabawi, Ali Naser Kathem  

...te the impact of various risk factors on the infection rate such as age, sex, and seasonality. Moreover, the PCR was used to confirm the presence of P. equorum in the horses. This study was conducted on 138 samples of horse feces, which gathered from various locations within the Al-Muthanna province during the period extended from January 2022 and the end of October 2022. The most typical clinical indications of ascariasis infection in horses were diarrhea 51....

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

...of the pregnant women at risk of congenital rubella infection. Hence, increasing rubella vaccination awareness among women of reproductive age and possible inclusion into the National Programme of Immunization in Nigeria is recommended to increase immunity coverage.

...

Muhammad Nauman Hanif1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Abid Hussain3 and Amar Matloob4

... associated human health risks in the specific climatic conditions of Multan City, and it is the first to collectively examine these five (lufenuron, bifenthrin, emamectin benzoate, metalaxyl, and mancozeb) pesticides in cauliflower. A survey of the cauliflower production area was performed to collect information about pesticides used for insect pest and disease management. Farmers were applying lufenuron, bifenthrin, emamectin benzoate, metalaxyl, and mancoze...

Tran Ngoc Bich1*, Vo Tuan Khai Huyen2, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien1, Dang Thi Tham1, Nguyen Vinh Trung1, Truong Van Hieu3, Thai Quoc Hieu4, Huynh Truong Giang1, Le Quang Trung1

...the infection status and risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in the Mekong Delta. The study documented an LSD outbreak in the Mekong Delta provinces of Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, and Ben Tre between May 2023 and June 2024. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews with farmers impacted by the disease. The collected epidemiological data were analysed, and the LSDV strains were genetically characterised. Out of 1,278 animals cl...

Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*

...D prevalence and related risk factors in 315 cattle from three upazilas. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to record the data regarding the impact of different factors such as age, sex, breed, floor type, and the housing system, on LSD prevalence. LSD was confirmed by physical examination with nodular lesions on the skin together with fever. Results indicate that the overall prevalence was only 4.13% with a higher prevalence in cross-bred female cat...

Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10

...revalence and access the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. A total of 652 specimens of blood were taken from 9 regions situated within the jurisdiction of Punjab province, Pakistan. The collected samples were labeled in order to have randomization and to pull 384 samples out of 652 harvested samples. Survey Tool Box was used to have representative samples. Latex agglutination test (LAT) was performed on 384 the collected sera. Research data showed th...

Dipa Rani Pal*, Injamamul Haque Rasel, Tarun Chandra Mondal, Mohammed Lalmoddin Mollah and Shampa Rani 

...ected with IBD. The main risk factors of IBD were season, age of birds, lack of immunization plans, biosecurity measure and inadequate management practices.

...

Samah Abou Asa1, Omnia Tag2 and Walid Elmonir2*

...dents also reported many risk practices as consuming fresh without prior freezing (92.7%), salting fish for less than 10 days (50%), and cooking fish for less than 10 min (2.3%). Health education for residents and infection control in fish are mandate preventive measures in the study area.

...

Ali Meawad Ahmed1, Asmaa I.A. Morsy1, Rehab E.M. Gaafar2, Nada Ibrahim H. Ahmed1

...enting possible consumer risk as well.
 
Keywords: Quality, Eye salinity, Nile tilapia, Refractometer, Sensory, Bacteriological
...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

...udied for the purpose of risk control of recovered pathogenic bacteria Therefore, From the food safety point of view new formulation are highly required to control VBNC E. Coli. In addition, PAM-q PCR is considered a rapid method in detecting the VBNC organism. The potential influences of VBNC E. coli O157 on human health were discussed and the better ways to clean surfaces that human touch.
 
Keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Ch...

Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah*, Arobi Jahan Disha and Dipa Rani Pal

...stigates the prevalence, risk factors, transmission, and impact of cat flu. Data were collected 1200 cats across Barishal Sadar geographical locations through surveys and medical records. A total of 180 cats were found cat flu affected in which overall prevalence of 15%. The prevalence of cat flu was maximum 41.11% at age of 0-6 months, in compare with 31.11%, 13.33%, 8.89%, 5.55% at age category 6 -12 months, 12-36 months, 36-60 months, >60 months respecti...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...igh establishment costs, risk of market monopolization, and technical knowledge gaps. The amalgamation of government subsidies, localized technology production, and the provision of training facilities can be instrumental in enabling farmers to overcome the obstacles. The application of DT is limited in monitoring animal behavior and farm environment. However, DT technology has the potential for broader use, such as predicting growth, feed consumption, and imp...

Thaer W. Enad*, Khalefa A. Mansour

...dy outlines an increased risk of disease from SAT2 form and significant biosecurity challenges to Iraqi livestock, indicating requirements for focused at-risk surveillance and control efforts.
 
Keywords | Buffaloes, Epidemiological semi nested RT-PCR, SAT2, Foot-and-Mouth disease, Molecular
...

Nguyen Ba Trung1,2*, Pham Thi Kim Phuong1,2

...sequently, cattle are at risk of becoming extinct, and the genetic diversity and polymorphism of genes linked to economically important traits have not yet been examined. This study centered on examining the genetic traits of Vang cattle by utilizing molecular markers. We investigated the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, as well as performed genotyping of the DGAT1, NCAPG, and RNF212 genes related to economically ...

Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Ahmed Eid1, Marwa E. Abo Hashem1*

...erium having a worldwide risk to public health and chicken industry. Primary aim of study is to assess Salmonella prevalence in chicken and human then serotyping, antibiogram, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes identification by PCR and sequence analysis. In total, 300 samples were gathered (100 chicken liver, 150 chicken feces, 50 human stool). Bacteriological examination, serotyping, antibiogram, virulence (invA, stn) and antibiotic resistance genes (...

Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6

...tentially increasing the risk of disease outbreaks. The addition of antibiotics oil-adjuvant in activated avian influenza vaccine (H9) didn’t improve the bird’s performance as it caused decreasing in final body weight, decreasing in conversion rate, and increasing in mortality rate. The study emphasizes the need for alternative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, while minimizing antibiotic use, without compromising poultry health or public hea...

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

November

Vol. 12, Iss. 11, pp. 2062-2300

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