LAT-Based Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan
LAT-Based Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10
ABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease of protozoan origin infecting wide range of domesticated animals and poses significant threat to human population as well. Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted to ruminants through ingestion of oocytes-contaminated herbage. The purpose of the current study was to report prevalence and access the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. A total of 652 specimens of blood were taken from 9 regions situated within the jurisdiction of Punjab province, Pakistan. The collected samples were labeled in order to have randomization and to pull 384 samples out of 652 harvested samples. Survey Tool Box was used to have representative samples. Latex agglutination test (LAT) was performed on 384 the collected sera. Research data showed that there was high prevalence in sheep than in goats at 29.35% and 13.11%, respectively and there was high prevalence in Mundri breed and lowest in Thalli at 40% and 10.96%, respectively. The district wise data showed that Bhakkar has highest prevalence 31.30% and Khanewal showed lowest prevalence 11.40%. Data showed that Non-lactating animals showed high prevalence 35.29% and lactating animals have low prevalence 10.74%. Pregnant and non-pregnant animals have big differences of 10.68% and 38.66% prevalence, respectively. Prevalence rate was high by using the Bio-Scien kit at 29.5% and was low by using Atlas kit at 13.04%. Parity base prevalence was highest in animals more than 4th parity (22.65%) and lowest in animals 1-2 parity was 11.11%. Females showed more prevalence rate 31.53% as compared to male animals 8.02%. The results indicate that the disease is prevalent in the small ruminant population hosted in Punjab and more studies are needed to molecularly characterize T. gondii variants.
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