El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
...oseltamivir, but genetic markers indicating resistance to amantadine have increased dramatically. In this mini-review, we discuss recent findings on the H5N1 viruses endemic in poultry and humans in Egypt, and suggest possible options to control the infection....
Leonard Izzard1, 2, John Stambas1, 2*
...y and immunity and as biomarkers for disease severity....
Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey
...iscover novel disease biomarkers to facilitate early detection of the disease and for therapeutic purposes....
Wan-Long Zhu* and Gao Wenrong
...ormonal, and biochemical markers indicative of thermogenic capacity. The results showed that A. chevrieri adapt to winter or under cold condition by increasing thermogenesis and food intake. The present results suggest that the observed physiological regulation from the organismal, hormonal levels to the cellular levels of this alpine small mammal were important and allowed A. chevrieri to overcome the physiological challenges of an change to col...
Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2
...entify potential genetic markers for resistance to mastitis. This article presents a systematic integration of complex biological interactions of 226 mammary gland genes to uncover underlying regulatory networks. Data were collected from various databases after having an exhaustive literature study. Network, functional and pathway analysis of the mammary gland genes were performed to find mastitis resistant genes, which helped us to identify prime genes of mam...
Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
... gene specific molecular markers in genotyping and genetic identification is of essential significance for preserving genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to reveal the genotype profile of indigenous types for TGC breed. In order to characterize TGC population, two polymorphic loci in cattle Calpain gene (CAPN1) and one polymorphic locus in Calpastatin gene CAST were studied. In order to sort the allele variants (G/C), PCR products, the ones in CAST wi...
G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2
...ogy, oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemistry of African catfish (C. gariepinus) juvenile on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Fish were exposed to 0.175, 0.0875 and 0.035 mg/L corresponding to 1/10, 1/20 and 1/50 of the 96 h LC50 value (1.75) of the pesticide. Behavioral responses which include colouration of the fish skin and opercula colouration were observed. Aluminium phosphide elicited effects on the haematological parameters of the fish such as a decrease in H...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yan Li2, Zhixin Wen1, Ruguo Chen1 and Pao Xu2*
... study, we developed SSR markers by transcriptome, which could be used to genetic research. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of six libraries from hepatopancreas samples in E. sinensis. After removing low-quality reads, short reads and reads belonging to mitochondria, a total of 278,260,960 clean reads corresponding to mRNAs were obtained, these reads covered a total of 34,780,598,273 bases. A total of 48,657 SSR loci were recognized, of wh...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
... high diversity of those markers in the goat populations. The population structure did not diverge significantly between high fecundity goats and low fecundity populations, but it followed the agro-ecological zone and management history. This indicated that the frequency of those five microsatellites did not increase during the reproduction of those six breeds. Therefore, these five fecundity related microsatellites are not appropriate bio
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...trate that morphological markers, pathological, hematological and bile biochemical studies are effective tools that could be used as complementary in diagnosis of amphistome infections in ruminants.
...
Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
...izing advanced molecular markers involving cis and trans genetics. The review adhere recent research findings regarding disease resistance against viral diseases and concludes via shedding light upon the future prospects in this exciting field of research.
...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...tivities of biochemistry markers (serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease activated Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, while increase in the number of Bcl-2 positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the biochemistry markers levels were found. Group 4, give...
A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao
Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...gyne. Further, molecular markers like RAPDs, AFLP, SSRs and PCR–RFLP of rDNA have been employed to study the molecular genetic diversity in major root knot and cyst nematode species of India to assist the breeding program for developing resistant varieties and other purposes like regulatory and nematode diagnostics. Attempts have also been to made to understand the molecular signaling events during compatible plant nematode interactions by identifying th...
Farah Ashfaq* and Tasnim Farasat
... resistin with metabolic markers in obese Pakistani subjects. Anthropometric parameters including age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting glucose, serum resistin and insulin of three hundred over weight, obese males and females, 17 to 30 years and 100 comparable control subjects were included. Serum resistin and insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides and cholester...
Fareeda Tasneem1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
... 18SrDNA sequences. Both markers proved the FT8 strain is a highly divergent species based on the phylogenetic relationships, opening new realms for the researchers of this field.
...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...loped six microsatellite markers using a method of fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) from them in this study. The primers designed by Primer Premier 5.0 based on conservative regions were tested on 22 individuals. Our results demonstrated that the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five and the mean number of alleles was 3.67. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.227 to 0.545 and 0.201 to 0.630, res...
Rabia Arif*, Shahar Bano, Muhammad Ishfaq and Muhammad Saleem
...ble regions as molecular markers, we show a sequence analysis of (V3, V4 and V9) hyper-variable regions of the small sub unit (SSU) of different natural strains of the Pyrenomycete, Sordaria fimicola, to examine genetic diversity. Strains were taken from two contrasting environments (Natural and Harsh) from the south facing and north facing slopes of Evolution Canyon, Israel. Sequenced amplicons were introduced to the NCBI database as a query in BLASTN....
Gamalat Osman1, Mansour Galal1, Abbas Abul-Ezz2, Ahmad Mohammed1, Mohammed Abul-Ela3 and Asmaa Mostafa Hegazy2
Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour
...no-Se) influencing on biomarkers of oxidative status in the rats spleen exposed to the cadmium (Cd) metal. For this purpose, thirty male rats equally divided into six groups, group I received nano-Se (0.1mg/kg) alone as dose, group II selenite odium (0.1mg Se/kg) alone, group III Cd chloride (300mg/250cc), group IV Cd along with nano-Se, group V Cd along with selenite sodium and group VI (control) given (1 ml) saline. All doses was orally (gavage) given to rat...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4
...V1, and FVC as surrogate markers for lung function in different models. We found that 28 (20.4%) of our COPD patients were frequent exacerbators. All three multiple linear regression models for identifying risk factors for frequent exacerbations were significant (p< 0.001). The model in which mid maximal expiratory flow was used as a surrogate marker for lung function, accounted for the change in the dependent variable to the greatest degree (Adjusted R
Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2*
... the designing molecular markers for non-race-specific resistance genes. Use of molecular markers is efficient tool for screening diversity of rust genes in wheat germplasm and can facilitate the integration of multiple genes into wheat by pyramiding and transformation. This review discusses information regarding rust disease and resistance in wheat to tackle the disease through resistance breeding. ...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
Lin Wang1,2, Ye Gong3, Kelin Chen1, Haitao Wang3 and Xianguo Lyu1,*
...s found only between two markers. These microsatellites could be used to enhance our understanding of genetic information and breeding biology of Relict Gull.
...
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...ucleotide microsatellite markers were isolated from T. szechenyii using a next-generation sequencing technology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2735 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed and expected heterozygosities at each locus ranged from 0 to 0.879 and 0.332 to 0.814, respectively. These markers could be us...
Rashid Minhas*, Iftikhar Ahmad Khan**, Faisal Saeed Awan**, Lal Hussain Akhtar*, Syed Awais Sajid Shah* and M. Shahjhan Bukhari*
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HYBRID IDENTIFICATION IN AMERICAN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) BY PCR BASED RAPD ANALYSIS
...rs yielded total 96 RAPD markers, out of which only 40 were found polymorphic which resulted in 41.66% polymorphism among the genotypes studied. The number of RAPD markers produced ranged from 4 to 12. Average number of 6.40 bands per primer was observed. On the whole, 87.50% genetic identity was found in material under investigation and it ranged from 68.07% to 96.88%. The polymorphism detected among the genotypes was emplo...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
...risk factors and host biomarkers concerned with the occurrence of theileriosis in sheep. Total 600 blood samples were taken each 200 from districts Bannu, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and screened through blood microscopy. The current study revealed an overall prevalence of ovine theileriosis as 27.5%, 13% and 19.5% in districts of Dera Ismail Khan, Tank and Bannu, respectively. Sex, tick infestation, animal keeping conditi...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
...as to assess biochemical markers of rabbit amniotic fluid during fetal growth stage of successful pregnancy. Experiments were executed on 15 pregnant rabbits at three different time point of successful pregnancy i.e. day 18, day 25 and day 28 with commercially accessible kits for biochemical markers that includes glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminas...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...was designed to evaluate markers of autolysis and to effectively assess the optimal maturity of red deer meat before trading, and utilization in the production of meat products. For these purposes, meat samples were collected from quadriceps of 2.5-4 years old female red deer, immediately processed for isolation of muscular fibers and were evaluated for the pH, water-binding power, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemica...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
... average of 0.751. These markers will help the further studies, provide more useful tools to choose for researching genetic diversity and population structure and provide more in-depth understanding of Mytilus coruscus.
...
Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*
...ty of highly polymorphic markers will be important to promote the conservation of this species. We performed next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly to obtain potential useful microsatellite markers for S. esculenta. Among 80 tested microsatellite markers, 19 showed polymorphism among S. esculenta individuals. The allele number of all polymorphic microsatellite...
Selçuk Kaplan
...dation of candidate gene markers for marker assisted selection is very important to increase genetic gains in breeding. Leptin is a 16 kDa protein which is highly expressed in adipose tissue. Leptin is one of the most significant candidate gene marker for MAS studies. Therefore, bubaline leptin gene exon 2, part of the intron 1 and intron 2 region were amplified and sequenced to identify nucleotide variations in Anatolian water buffaloes. Sequence analysis wer...
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
...d levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins 6 (1L-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Relation of TNF-α with obesity induced IR and T2DM is unclear as results obtained from different studies are very controversial.
Objective: This study was designed to compare TNF-α levels and insulin resistance in obese and non-obese type 2 diabetics.
Methodology: A cross secti...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...or the development of biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review was to summarize the roles of ROS in different stages of cancer, cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis.
...
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
...rphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers. We collected 86 different samples (feces 64, hair 13, blood 5, tissues 4) from 5 geographic langur populations of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and succeeded in extraction of DNA from 23 samples, which were used for further genetic analysis. RAPD makers (n=8) produced 245 bands (30.62±2.87 Mean±SE / primer) of different molecular weights (126-3342 bp), of which, 96 were population specific. Polymorphi...
Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef
...biometrics and molecular markers were used to confirm the identification of A. albiventris at the species level. In the current work 757 bp and 668 bp were identified as regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) and mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes, sequences of both genes were placed in the GenBank publication database (Accession numbers are KF783143 and KJ193305) and (Accession numbers are M95109, KF783175, AC175224 and AC160876) of Cyt b and 12S ...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2
...the basis of clinical biomarkers. Blood and mosquito samples were collected. Blood samples were processed through complement fixation test and RT-PCR, while mosquito samples were processed through RT-PCR. Overall prevalence of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in indigenous breeds of bovine was 63.33%, lower, than exotic breeds 64.66% which were found to be more prone to disease. In the case of buffalo breeds, prevalence was more in Nili Ravi buffalo, i.e. 3...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Sami Ullah Mumtaz2, Zoya Manzoor3, Sajid Abaidullah2, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad1
Deranged biochemical and hematological profile of septicemia patients in Mayo hospital, Lahore
...ossible role of serum biomarkers of liver, kidney and blood in the diagnosis of septicemia. 101 confirmed patients of septicemia from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore were included. Liver and renal function tests were performed for all patients. Patients were divided into 3 age groups on the basis of age: 30-50, 51-70 and 71-90 years. In Liver function Tests, ALT (37.62%), AST (50.49%) and ALP (99%) were elevated, Bilirubin was normal in majority of patients...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...n due to their use as biomarkers to assess contaminants impact on fish at earlier level of exposure. Fish from different species has diverse ecological needs and respond differently to the environmental stress conditions. Thus, the sensitivity, bioaccumulation and antioxidant capacities of three major carps Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala towards metals mixture (Cd+Cr+Cu+Pb) were determined during present research work. Sens...
Rishen Liang*, Meng Zhou, Zhenxiang Lin, Guozhang Li, Yuan Chen, Xuan Lin and Zaohe Wu
...mmonly used as molecular markers between the two species ranged from 2.4% (12S rRNA) to 11.2% (ND6), all divergence values were larger than 2%. Great variations of Cyt b and COI between P. orientalis and P. vittatus were revealed to be 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively, which were largely greater than the threshold of species diagnosis divergence value of 2%. Inner individual divergence values of each species were less than 0.5%. In the molecular phylo...
Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...nostic and prognostic biomarkers specifically for TNBC. The blood samples were collected from 37 TNBC diagnosed patients and 34 age-matched non-TNBC controls to investigate the expression of miRNA panel. Plasma was isolated by standard protocol of centrifugation and then isolation of total RNA including miRNA was done. About 100ng of isolated miRNA was converted to cDNA after addition of poly (A) tailing and then expression profiling was done by using real tim...
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
...determined by using RAPD markers. The blood samples of purebred animals of eight exotic breeds (Thoroughbred, Arab, Anglo-Arab, Suffolk, Percheron, Clevland, Noriker and Hanovarian) present in Pakistan were collected from Army Remount Stables while those of four Pakistani indigenous breeds (Morna, Saen, Kakka Bralanwala and Anmol) from local horse breeders of Punjab province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and amplified by PCR using 40 RAPD p...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yongkai Tang1, Juhua Yu1, Shengyan Su1, Fan Yu1, Jianlin Li1, Hongxia Li1, Meiyao Wang1 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...>C. nasus. These SSR markers should not only be useful for population conservation, but also for construction of genetic linkage map and economic performance improvement of C. nasus.
...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1
...: justify;">Thirteen SSR markers were used for sixty local common beans landraces. Among all markers, only one was monomorphic, while the remaining were polymorphic. At average 2 alleles per locus were identified. The size of all alleles ranged from 210bp to 630 bp. Major allelic frequency fluctuated from 54.0% to 96.0%. An overall, the total No. of alleles per locus extended from 22 (PVBR 20) to 49 PvM053. Similarly, the fr...
Bingbing Gao1, Na Song1, Zhonglu Li2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Liqin Liu3,*
...We use mitochondrial DNA markers to investigate the genetic structure of the species along southern coast of China. The complete sequences of Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene of 163 individuals collected from 6 locations were obtained and used for genetic analysis. No insertion or deletion were found among 26 mutation loci and 27 haplotypes were detected. All six populations were characterized by low haplotype diversity (0.39–0.59) and low nucleoti...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,*
...NNV. The least number of markers which deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within the population was W, and largest number of deviations was in the NNV population. Consistent of phylogenetic relationships between the seven populations was identified by Phylogenetic N-J network (Reynold’s genetic distance), FST and Principal components factor (PCA) analysis. These analyses inferred that the population cluster data was not only consistent with the pop...
Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1
...al, and oxidative stress markers were determined. At day 13 PS, there were no significant (p< 0.05) variations in mean parasitaemia of groups A, B and D. At day 16 PS, the parasites had cleared from the peripheral blood of rats in groups A and B, but remained detectable in group D. Although group D had significantly higher total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration compared to groups A--C, and E, no significant variation was seen in the total and...
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
...s-species microsatellite markers for Dabry’s sturgeon via next-generation sequencing from Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). The 17 microsatellites were polymorphic with 3 to 6 alleles per locus and the total number of alleles is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic informat...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
...and three microsatellite markers. When using mtDNA loci, 242 individuals (44.24%) were excluded for no shared haplotype with broodstock. Further 81 (14.81%) crabs were identified as hatchery-reared individuals based on microsatellite loci from the remaining 305 crabs. Our results also showed high genetic diversity and a certain degree of heterozygote deficiency of natural swimming crab populations. The advancing technology and its unique advantages will make m...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...s, and on antioxidant biomarkers.
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