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Muhangi Denis

...plored in future control programs. This may call for investing resources in changing disease management behaviour in managing this disease.

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Matheus Nunes Weber1, Simone Silveira1, André Felipe Streck1, Luís Gustavo Corbellini2, Cláudio Wageck Canal1*

... has no official control program for BVDV. The significance of cattle production losses or the potential implementations of commercial barrier by other countries can possibly reason the placement of governmental veterinary measures in the near future.

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Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...hool and other extension programs and extension agents should motivate and train the growers to cultivate sugarcane using scientific techniques, paying special attention to those who are illiterate, to the point of developing special extension tools for those who cannot read.

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Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2

E-mail | [email protected]

...A genome comparison program was used to select a suitable target DNA sequence. A PCR targeting the bfrZ gene was developed which showed no cross-reactivity in silico or when tested with a panel of bacterial isolates. The limit of detection was determined to 4x103 bacteria per mL of nasal swab sample and less than 10 copies of target DNA per PCR reaction. Out of 23 isolates of B. bronchiseptica tested, one i...

Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2

 

...start hybrid development program. In this context, we explored heterosis and inbreeding depression in indigenous maize germplasm comprising inbred lines NCMLQ1, NCMLQ2, NCMLD1, NCMLD2, NCMLD3, and NCMLD4. ese genotypes were crossed to get ten F1 hybrid combinations, which were used to develop three generations F2, BC1 and BC2. Heterosis (in F1

Anna-Maria Andersson*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren

...ing females in a control program for AD, the optimal sampling time at which the ADV antibody levels best can predict the breeding performance of the female needs to be further evaluated.

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Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman

...rategic mass vaccination programme. The decreased number of outbreaks in recent years as well as changes in the disease severity patterns and distribution might be due to the effectiveness of vaccine, timely vaccination, circulation of a single lineage virus and most importantly effective planning and implementation of the vaccination programme. Sharing the experiences on the PPR control strategies adopted by some of the sta...

 Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin

 
...future rapeseed breeding programs. The estimates of variances of combining ability (σ2GCA, σ2SCA) and predictability ratio (σ2GCA/σ2SCA>1.00) indicated that gene action was predominantly additive for days to flowering while, for the rest of the traits non additive gene action was responsible as the predictability ratio was less than unity which was further confirmed by higher values of variances of SCA than GCA. In present study for ...

 Aqila Shaheen

...policies, strategies and programs for the conservation of eroded lands.

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Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan

...iating skill development programs.

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Ayanda Opeyemi Isaac,1,* Oniye Sonnie Joshua2 and Auta Jehu2

 

...mental impact assessment programmes.

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Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2 

...stimated using the phase program. Haplotypes combinations constructed on these two SNPs of HTT gene were associated with some reproduction traits. In particular, diplotype H1H1 had positive effect on reproduction traits, diplotype H2H4 had negative effect of reproduction traits. In conclusion, our study showed that polymorphisms of the HTT gene were significantly associated with egg production traits in two Anhui local chicken breeds, but the suggestions that ...

Imed Ben Salem*, Aymen Ben Ibrahim, M’barek Chetoui and Said Nouira

...alyzing them through the program MorphoJ. Our results show that L. griselda has the largest skull, whereas L. zebra has the smallest. L. griselda and L. rosalia have greater breadth of the braincase, length of the nasals and length of the tympanic bulla, than the other species. This is probably related to a phenotypic evolution due to selective pressure, as is also the case in the genus Gerbillus.

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Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele

...ded that robust training programmes and advisory services should be packaged by extension organizations and other stakeholders for fish farmers in the major areas of capacity deficiencies indicated so as to enhance their use of value addition initiatives from production to marketing.

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Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi

...r initiation of breeding program in the country. A site near Bagh district (Arja) Azad Kashmir was found suitable and used for morphological evaluation, phenotypic diversity analysis and their flowering behavior sugarcane under local conditions. Two year data revealed that genotype HSF-242 showed maximum mean values for, internodes length, brix percentage and reducing sugar while S-08-FSD-19 showed maximum values for number of tillers and stem girth, whereas S...

Sheraz Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Hassan

...in future wheat breeding programs for increasing yield.

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Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3

...he effect of ZTBL credit program on maize productivity in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this, a sample of 226 farmers was selected by employing multi stage sampling technique. At first stage, all the three tehsils (i.e.; Mardan, Takht Bhai and Katlang) of the district were selected. At second stage, two villages from each tehsil were randomly selected. In third stage, all the beneficiaries of ZTBL credit program<...

Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin

...erial in future breeding programs. Overall the biplot approach was found much cooperative in elaborating the genetic parameters of the data on the basis of its high explanatory aptitude and graphical demonstration.

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Irshad Ahmad
...tegrated pest management program (IPM) and includes the cautious use of chemical insecticides, mechanical means, cultural and biological control methods for the substantial control of walnut borer. The present study offers valuable information through IPM, which appears to be a promising approach for the control of walnut borer. Collectively this strategy has resulted in significant reduction of the pest population in the target area of district Dir, Pakistan....
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...ementation of biocontrol program for the suppression of pyralid pest insects damaging different agricultural crops of economic importance.
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Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
...ivar for future breeding program.
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 Sheraz Ahmed and Fida Mohammad

...for any crop improvement program. One hundred recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from four F4 populations of Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco were tested to identify effective selection indices. Experimental material was planted at two locations i.e. Mardan (E-1, E-3 and E-5) and Mansehra (E-2, E-4 and E-6) using alpha lattice design with three replicates during 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15. Heritability in broad sense was generally low for all traits e...

M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*

...fore, effective breeding program with these two genotypes may lead to development of new genotype that will give higher yield consistent with higher fiber quality.

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Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...articipation in training programs and their higher educational qualification. The differences were considered as training needs and the AEOs need in-service training to enhance their ability in agricultural mechanization. A significantly high competency level was found in describing the agriculture machines and equipments and use of hand tools and implements. Most of the respondents have high competency level having practical farming experience. Study suggests...

Muhammad Noor, Hidayat ur Rahman and Muhammad Iqbal

...their long term breeding programs more accurately. This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of heritability for flowering and maturity attributes along with plant and ear height parameters in four popcorn populations. Broad sense heritability estimates varied from 0.69 to 0.76, while narrow sense ranged from 0.38 to 0.69. Maximum broad sense heritability estimate of 0.84 was observed in cross-II for days to anthesis. Minimum narrow sense heritability...

Bijan Kumar Das

Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
... for genetic improvement programmes. Till date, scanty information is available on the source of tolerance, if any, against betelvine blackfly. The reaction of some betelvine cultivars to A. rugosa was evaluated in the boroja with different varietal collections from different parts of India. None of the entries under the purview was completely free from infestation. A few cultivars [CARI- 2 (AN), CARI-6(AN) and Bilhari] exhibited moderate resistant reaction ag...

M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed

Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...tance in pest management programme. A tentative IPM strategy for tea cultivation in Bangladesh has been proposed in this paper. Thus the proposed integrated pest management (IPM) strategy should help tea industry for successful long lasting plantations which will ensure consistent crop with much care but lesser cost.


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A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy

Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...y supported the training programmes by deploying its field staff in release and multiplication of the parasitoid. For enabling initial multiplication of the released parasitoids, farmers of heavily infested papaya fields were compensated for the yield loss to serve as field-mass-multiplication-strategy. Further, the farmers of neighbouring fields were encouraged and facilitated through thirteen field staff to take the bug infested leaves and fruits from parasi...

A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao

Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...a to assist the breeding program for developing resistant varieties and other purposes like regulatory and nematode diagnostics. Attempts have also been to made to understand the molecular signaling events during compatible plant nematode interactions by identifying the genes during the transition from preparasitic to parasitic stage in ear cockle nematode and molya disease of wheat. Currently attempts are being made to utilize RNAi technology to identify the ...
Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1 
...mals for future breeding programs.
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Süleyman Kök*
...tion. Intensive breeding program has mainly been used for purebred TGC that are under the conservation of Bandırma Livestock Research Institute (BLRE) ex-situ program. This study aims to compare 3 SNP of the genetic features of purebred TGC that are under the conservation of ex-situ (51 cattle) program with the ones raised by the smallholders (79 cattle) in the villages....
Muhammad Ashfaq,1 Shamim Akhtar,2 Saleem Akhtar2,* and Mariyam Masood2
...f the biological control program of cotton mealybug in Pakistan, but its multiplication for inundative releases has been impacted by a hyperparasitoid, Promuscidea unfasciativentris Girault (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae: Eriaporinae). Traditionally the detection of hyperparasitoid is done by host-rearing, but that is time-consuming when working with field populations at larger scale. The current study used morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial (cy...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi1,*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Sohail Akhtar1Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Naveed Aslam3 and Muhammad Rafay4
...lish reliable monitoring programs in honey.
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Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...rcome by a comprehensive program focusing on the provision of low cost inputs, pesticides/insecticides, modern techniques and trainings, and value chain market facilities at the local and regional level. 

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Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
... Therefore, an awareness program about the beneficial status of Cattle egret in agro-ecosystem is recommended to protect and promote their habitats from anthropogenic activities.
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Shantanu Jha1, A. Rama Devi1, Ngalaton Kasar1 and Abhishek Mukherjee2
... by 31 participants. The programme was inaugurated by Prof. D. D. Patra, Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV) and was chaired by Professor C. Sen, President of Association for Advancement in Plant Protection (AAPP). Oher dignitaries attended the meeting were Prof. T. K. Maity, Dean, Faculty of Horticulture, BCKV and Prof. M. R. Ghosh, Taxonomist and Retired Professor of Agriculture Entomology, BCKV.
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Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan 

...lized in future breeding programs for the improvement of desired traits. 

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Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...tegrated pest management program for the management of H. armigera.
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Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
... China, a reintroduction program was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in 2007. Wild birds bred in semi-wilderness were reintroduced. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of crested ibis in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve has not been studied. To clarify the breeding status of the crested ibis and to provide more reference for the reintroduction of this species, the process of pairing, nest site selection, egg laying, incubation and brooding...

 Zabih Ullah*, H. Rahman and Niaz Muhammad

...oited in future breeding programs for developing early maturing maize hybrids accompanied with other desirable attributes.  

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Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

... effects of micro-credit programme of KBL on agricultural productivity in district Mardan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The study was conducted in three purposively selected villages namely; Nasir Kaly, Shankar and Kodeenaka. From the field surveys, it was found that majority of the respondents were smallholders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resu...

Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi 

...iating skill development programs. 

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Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
... China, a reintroduction program was conducted in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve in 2007. Wild birds bred in semi-wilderness were reintroduced. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of crested ibis in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve has not been studied. To clarify the breeding status of the crested ibis and to provide more reference for the reintroduction of this species, the process of pairing, nest site selection, egg laying, incubation and brooding...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar
...n. Two computer software programs CEDA and ASPIC were used which were based on surplus production models. From CEDA Fox, Schaeder and Pella-Tomlinson were used with initial proportion (IP) 0.9 were used because the starting catch was 90% of the maximum catch the MSY estimated value from Fox with three error assumptions (normal, lognormal and gamma) were 3378 (R2=0.590), 3360 (R2=0.582), 3369 (R2 =0.586), respectively, whereas t...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...xt of biological control program. However, additional research is needed to assess the properties of hibiscus to attract the parasitoid.
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Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...ed in biological control programs, as it has little or no effects on biological control agents such as predatory mite, N. cucumeris, which is widely associated with the infestation of two spotted spider mite, T. urticae on tomato plants.
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Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...n improve the management program of C. pipiens.
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Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...environmental monitoring programs.
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Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad 

... of cultivar development programs. Testing of genotypes across environments is required to determine yield stability of genotypes. The specific objective of the current study was to analyze genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of grain yield for 50 genotypes using GGE model. Germplasm was field-tested using alpha lattice design in two replications at Peshawar (E-1 and E-3), Hangu (E-2 and E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan during 2...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
... information in breeding programs to be performed. 
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Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal

...n future cotton breeding program 

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Naheed Akhtar, Azra Nasim*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Muhammad Ashfaque, Shaheena Yasmin, Ghulam Jilani, Afzala Tashfeen, Waseem Ahmed Gilani, Irshad Begum* and Muhammad Munir***

...rated in future breeding programmes for better crop yield.

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Naheed Akhtar, Noreen Moin, Ghulam Jilani*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Shaheena Yasmin, Afzala Tashfeen*, Munir Goraya**** and Irshad Begum*

...e used in wheat breeding programmes.

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Liaqat Ali Shahid, M. Azhar Saeed and Nadeem Amjad*

 Oguz Bilgin, Kayihan Z. Korkut, Alpay Balkan, and Ismet Baser*

...effective wheat breeding programme. Highly significant genetic variability was present in parents and their genetic combinations for the characters. The degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrids. The highest heterosis over mid and better parents (120.14-109.93%) was recorded in hybrid of Kyzyltan91xIDSN209 for grain weight/spike. Maximum limits of heterosis over mid and better parent for spike length, spikelets...

 Ghulam Shabbir*, Muhammad Aftab, Abid Mahmood** Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah* and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***

...al has a strong breeding programme for oilseed research including Brassica crops. Long and consistent breeding efforts on Brassica improvement programme by the breeders has resulted in the development of a high yielding and drought tolerant elite line SPS-5, selected from the segregating progenies of a cross between Ganyou-4 x Westar. Breeding was carried out by the pedigree method and the elite line was evaluated for its yi...

 Naheed Akhtar, Waseem A. Gillani, Ehsan ul Haq, Javed Khan, Irshad Begum, Shaheena Yasmin* and Kamran Saeed**

...d in the future breeding programmes.

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Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
... form in the vaccination program of the affected region.
...

 Naheed Akhtar, Yasmin Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel, Waseem Ahmad Gillani, Javed Khan, Tahira Yasmin and Irshad Begum*

RESISTANCE IN PEARL MILLET GERMPLASM TO GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI)
... be used in any breeding programme to reduce greenbug damage, whereas the susceptible entries should be avoided.

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 Akhtar A. Siddiqui and Allah W. Rind*

EXTENSION FIELD WORKERS� PERCEPTION OF COTTON INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN SINDH PROVINCE
...sic principle of Nat-IPM programme was to enable farmers to be self sufficient, using practices that are agro-ecological friendly. This study was carried out in four districts of Sindh province (Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Matiari, and Mirpurkhas). The sample size comprised 48 EFWs who participated in Training of Facilitators (ToF) and erecuted FFSs during 2001 and 2004. The results revealed that the EFWs performed effectively to attain the objectives of IPM

 Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES

 Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Muhammad Amjad*, Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz* and Doulat Baig*

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GERMPLASM OF LINSEED ( L.)
...be used in hybridization programme by crossing with accessions of Clusters VII, VIII, IX and X followed by selection in segregating populations.

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 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...oal of a mass production programme is to produce the maximum number of quality insects with minimum labour and cost. The maintenance cost of 100 Chrysoperla carnea adults was Rs. 192.38 per month, which included the labour cost of Rs. 152.38 and diet cost of Rs. 40. Approximately 4000 eggs per month were obtained from the C. carnea adult culture and the cost per egg was Rs. 0.04. This study also revealed that the diet consumption of 100 C. carnea larvae was 3....

 Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

 Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan*, Javed Khan**, Rehmat Ullah Khan*** and Imran Khan****

GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ACCESSIONS
...tion for future breeding programme.

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 Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*

COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN

 Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*, Asghar Ali* and Shahid Riaz Malik*

IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE IN MUNGBEAN AND MASHBEAN GERMPLASM AGAINST MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS
... be included in breeding programme to develop MYMV-resistant varieties in the country.

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 Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi*, Abdul Jabbar** and Sajida Taj*** 

FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY OF WHITE SUGAR PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
... sugarcane support price programme in the country. The present paper aimed at up-dating the financial profitability of white sugar on the basis of recent data in the country. The total cost of white sugar production was Rs. -1 50.11kg in Pakistan. The estimated financial profit of white sugar production -1 was Rs. 2.47 kg in the country in 2012-13. The estimated supply and demand of white sugar was worked out as 6.62 and 5.01 m t, respectively during the same ...

 Maqsood Qamar*, S. Dilanawaz Ahmad Gardazi**, Riaz-ud-Din*, Muhammad Sohail* and Syed Haider Abbas*

PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO STRIPE RUST AND ITS EFFECT ON SUSTAINABILITY OF WHEAT YIELD
...s/lines in hybridization programme or their cultivation can considerably reduce yield losses incurred by stripe rust.

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 Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
...er exploited in breeding programme. Significant associations were found between yield contributing trait, boll weight and fiber related trait, staple length. Earliness related traits, like st st days taken to 1 square and days taken to 1 flower had positive correlation with each other and both these traits also showed their positive association with ginning out turn. The negative significant correlation of CLCuD was obtained with monopodial branches, sympodial...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...d in the pest management programmes.

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 Farrukh Saleem*, Babar Hilal Ahmad*, Saleem Zahid* and Bilal Kabeer*

COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS NAKED NECK AND NAKED NECK CROSSBRED LAYER CHICKENS

 Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
...e newly developed MyGTAP program was used to modify the Pakistan’s data in the Global GTAP Database and Standard GTAP model to include multiple households and labor types. This disaggregation allows to analyze distributional impacts and to implement policy scenarios that target particular households. The economy wise results showed that agricultural trade liberalization increases income inequality and somewhat detrimental to the rural household types, wh...

 Kalim Ullah*, Zahid Usman*,Niamatullah Khan*, Rehmat Ullah**, Fazal Yazdan Saleem***, Shahid Iqbal Khattak**** and Muhammad Ali*****

GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES
...lized in future breeding programmes. 

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 Israr Ali*, Naushad Ali*, Riffat Tahira**, Sardar Ali*, Izhar Hussain* and Sher Aslam Khan*

GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN BRASSICA GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
...ded in Brassica breeding programmes as a good source of genetic variation. 

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 Sameera Arshad*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Maqsood Anwar* and Sarwat Naz Mirza*

HABITAT SURVEY FOR RECOGNIZING BIRD ATTRACTANTS AROUND BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...airfield bird management programme for monitoring bird activity and land use practices around the airfield.

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 Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

 Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*

COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...ovement through breeding programme. The cross of CMS-303 x RHA-271 expressed the highest specific combining ability (SCA) value for yield while CMS 303 x RHA-854 hybrid exhibited the highest SCA estimates for harvest index. CMS-53 x RHA-854 and CMS-64 x SF-187 crosses exhibited the highest SCA estimates for head diameter and 1000-seed weight, respectively. The SCA variances were higher than GCA for seed yield and related traits revealing the involvement of non...

Sumia Bint Zaman*, Waqas Farooq*, Sidra Majeed*, Hasnain Shah*, and Abdul Majid**

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE PROVIDERS' TRAINING ON WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN POTHWAR REGION
...ective of these training programmes was to impart training based skills on water conservation technologies. To help in improving the effectiveness, the socioeconomic backup for assessment of these trainings was included as part of the activity. The information for paper is collected from opinions of the participants before and after the training. Descriptive analysis alongwith paired 't' test was used to measure the effectiveness of training. Results indicated...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA
...ing future hybridization programs.

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 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...s can also improve their programs to guide the farmers in a better way and target farmers who need risk management information the most. At policy level, emphasis may be given to formal training and awareness of the farmers for diversification to compensate production risks. The existing extension network can be strengthened through its institutional linkage with metrology department and information communication technologies to further inform and train the fa...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
...ed Pest Management (IPM) program as an acaricide agent.
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Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...aits for future breeding programs and marker assisted selection.
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Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
...e effective surveillance programme.
...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1 

... that training and visit program and demonstration methods were dominant approaches used in technology transfer. The mean of the results showed that low allocation of budget, massive operational area to give satisfactory coverage, less use of multimedia, unavailability of training facilities to EFS, manifold duties assigned to extension officers and top-down dimension of planning of implementation of extension approaches were main weaknesses. The steps like ef...

Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2 

... is a type of cell death program that could be inappropriately activated during drought, was also delayed in the supplemented seedlings as highlighted by a high RWC and expression of the Lhcb2 gene. 

...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
... with the mass awareness programs on electronic and print media could be effective conservation strategies during the period of their stay in Pakistan.
...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...routine AIV surveillance programs and improved vaccination strategies are highly desirable.
...

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

...in future wheat breeding program 

...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1,*, Hummaira Iqbal1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Haseena Ghulam Muhammad1 and Muhammad Irfan1
...are not suitable for IPM program in the study area.
...

Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza

...uture rice hybridization programs while the F1 cross combinations DR-92/DR-83, Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas and Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas are recommended to develop advance generations and improved rice varieties 

...

Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1 

...study in future breeding programmes for enhancing wheat cultivars.
 

...
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
...valence and immunization program optimization of serotype O of FMD through ELISA and IHA in pigs in Zhejiang. A total of 368 serum samples were collected from June to July in 2016. Out of these samples, 23 (6.79%, 95% CI 4.4-9.9) pigs were found positive for FMD antibodies with the further distribution of 9.09% (95% CI 4.6–15.7), 6.90% (95% CI 2.6–14.4), 5.49%, (95% CI 1.8-12.4) and 4.35% (95% CI 0.9-12.2) from Wenzhou, Lishui, Jinhua and Ningbo co...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...ation in biorational IPM programmes against lepidopterous borers of okra and other vegetables.
...

Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam 

...pite several investments programmes by the Nigerian Government and development institutions over the years to bridge the gender gap in schooling among children and increase enrolment in schools, most children are still found outside the walls of the classroom especially in rural areas. This research assessed how inequality in gender as it regards schooling among children affects the income as an indicator of livelihood of farming households in Kwara state, Nig...

Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3* 

...urce in further breeding program

...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...he support of R software program and the utility prediction equation was aimed to improve for further biodiversity investigations. To determine the predictive quality of the MARS algorithm, goodness of fit criteria viz. coefficient of determination (0.994 and 0.996 R2 for Hd and Hm), Generalized Cross Validation (0.000038 and 0.024024 GCV for Hd and Hm), Cross-Validation R2 (0.974 and 0.967 CVR2 for Hd and Hm), Residual ...

Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3 

...ilized in maize breeding programs for developing high yielding maize hybrids accompanied with other desirable attributes 

...

Durr-e- Samin Tahir*, Waqar Nasir, Sarah Bushra, Fatima Batool

Height trends in the population of Rabwah, district Chiniot, Pakistan and comparison with WHO standards

 Zafar Iqbal

A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
...e offered in all degrees programs.
The research on freshwater cultivable and ornamental fishes is carried out in the
department. Recently twelve PhD scholars completed their projects on different
topics in fisheries. Fish Disease and health Management laboratory (FDHM) was
established in 2004 and it is providing research facilities in Fish Parasitology, Fish
Mycology and Fish Bacteriology to researchers. Over 60 students have...

Masab Umair Khan, Syed Mehar Ali Shah, Hidayat-ur-Rahman, Arshad Iqbal* and Ezaz Aslam 

...zation in maize breeding programs. 

...
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
... an effective management program. In this study, the reproductive mode, male’s mating capacity, influence of female’s age and density on male’s mating capacity, as well as the influence of copulation on female’s longevity were investigated under the laboratory condition. Our results demonstrated that P. solenopsis reproduce sexually. Males mated 1-2 times in one day and 3-6 times in their lifetime, and did not show mating prefere...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal 

...tegrated pest management programs against subterranean termites. 

...

Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah 

...ould be used in breeding program and further by making selections in segregating generations. This will help to increase sesame crop yield in the country. 

...

Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid 

...in the ideotype breeding program to enhance the desirable variation.  

...

Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1* 

...Future wheat improvement programmes must be encouraged to consider resistance to powdery mildew, particularly for lines to be cultivated in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. 

...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...iv>In biological control programPredators are exploited to manage pest population. The objective of present study was to find relationships between predator’s Coccinellid septempunctata, Lynx spider and preys Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias vitella populations found on cultivated cotton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval durin...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

... education and awareness programs; Expensive Agriculture Inputs; Tenancy and Land rent problems; Farm to market roads and small plots hurdles in production of rice etc in the study area. On the basis of problems and constraints, policy recommendation for control measures are given as:- Credit should be provided without interest rate in time according to requirement to farmers by bank; Agriculture extension programs should be...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...F-Tri neurons to undergo programmed cell death in the absence of inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Hence, IRK1, though poorly expressed in the Drosophila central nervous system, plays an important role in the normal functioning of PDF expressing neurons. Further studies are needed to elaborate the physiological roles of Drosophila potassium channels which may lead to a better understanding of human Kir channels related to pathological condi...

Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon* 

... in upland rice breeding programme. 

...
Juan Augusto Hernández-Rivera1, Jaime Molina-Ochoa2,*, Luis Jorge García-Márquez1, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo1, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán1, Arturo César García-Casillas1 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...oration in crossbreeding programs has gained interest in dairy cattlemen concerned by the global warming and greenhouse effect in the environment. This review shows and update of the crossbreeding in dairy cattle in both hemispheres. Here, is reviewed the effect of heat stress on dairy cattle; the mechanism of autoregulation; the benefits of the heterosis in crossbreeding cattle by hybridization; the body condition score in crossbred dairy cattle; the yields i...

 Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2

 

... conduct better breeding programs. Also, it is recommendable that periods in wide variability should be taken into consideration in selection program.

...
Iram Maqsood1,2,3 and Ke Rong *1,2
... the habitat restoration program committed to improving the quality and habitat area. The reintroduction project illustrated that A. Sinensis bred in captivity well adapted to wild habitat and successfully reproducing their offspring’s. Only healthy crocodiles were selected for release into the wild to renew natural populations. Chinese alligator currently under strict regulation over its commercial use and illegal hunting. All of these strategies...
Muhammad Zain Saleem1,*, Raheela Akhtar1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry1, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor1, Bilal Ahmed Shah3, Rais Ahmed4 and Muhammad Yasin5
...ause most of the control programs rely on serological screening of brucellosis rather than molecular assay which could confirm the particular species circulating in ruminants. In this study 960 and 471 serum samples of goats and sheep were collected, respectively. After screening with Rose Bengal test (RBT), all seropositive samples were subjected to real-time PCR assay. RBT confirmed the seroprevalences of 19.32% ± 0.289 and 12.29% ± 0.0105 bruc...

Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah 

...incorporated in breeding programs. 

...

Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1* 

...te intensive vaccination programs in many countries, including Egypt, Newcastle disease still being a significant threat to the poultry industry. Bad management for poultry byproducts (e.g. manure) might be a reason for environmental pollution which contaminate the environment either chemically through haphazard usage of medications and or biologically through massive use of homologous/heterologous vaccines especially the live ones. The aim of the cu...

Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2* 

...P had conducted training programs in different sectors regarding livestock. Livelihood of about (80%) of the sampled respondents had improved after training. Study concluded that AJKRSP has enormous effect on local community which contributed positively to livelihood of local community. 

...

Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

.... Training and awareness programs through various types of mass media should be launched for reducing the knowledge gap and to equip the cane farmers with latest technology. 

...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

... on livestock or related program. Few of the respondents have participated in field days, workshop and seminars regarding livestock program. Moreover, results reveal that cows’ milk yield per day of the member respondents are significantly higher than milk yield of the non-member respondents of the model farm services center. The facilitation of farmers through these centers in term of involving private livestock docto...

Abid Ali1*, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Farhatullah1 and Zahir Shah

... for subsequent breeding programs. 

...
Hayat Zada1, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1,*, Ijaz Ali2, Bashir Ahmad1, Abdul Waheed Khan2 and Shabeer Ahmad2
...ocation and pest control programs.
...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...n future pest management programs against D. mangiferae mealybugs. 

...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...rated in pest management programs against D. mangiferae and other sucking insect pests.
...

Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali 

... based soil conservation program on communal land in the Northern Area of Pakistan. Open-ended format of CVM is used for the elicitation of respondents’ WTP. For this purpose, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit households WTP. A sample of 109 households was randomly selected from 14 randomly selected villages two from each tehsil. The study results revealed that most of the respondents perceived the problem of soil erosion and their w...
Qudrat Ullah1,8,*, Huma Jamil1, Laeeq Akbar Lodhi1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Tariq Jamil2, Iahtasham Khan3, Shahbaz Bashir4, Qudratullah5, Inamullah Wazir6M. Abdus Sallam1 and Muhammad Zubair7
...ilk and public awareness programmes would be helpful for control and prevention of zoonotic transmission.
...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
...ies and future selection programs.  
...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
...of the stock enhancement programs is crucial for fishery resources recovery, yet lack of proper methods hinders the precision and accuracy of such assessment. The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important species in Chinese fishery industry. However the natural resources of swimming crabs are declining and enhancement programs are being conducted for resources restoration for decades. In this...

Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Ogunsakin Temitope Rachael1, Ogunrombi Sefiu Babatunde1, Ojeamiren Iduda1, Olawole Alaba Samuel1, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2* and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3 

... of the AFP surveillance program in Nigeria and declared negative for enteroviruses because they did not produce CPE in RD and L20B cell lines. In all, 120 cell culture supernatants (60 each on RD and L20B cell lines) that emanated from 30 stool suspensions (2 samples per case) were analyzed as 60 pools (pooled per case by cell line). Pools were subjected to RNA extraction, RT-snPCR, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Eleven and one of the 30 pools...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...ation in future breeding program.
...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Afzal1, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Saqib1, Asad Abdullah1, Saba Kousar1 and Maryam Riaz1 

...tegrated pest management program. In the present study, water stress was applied to field grown cotton with two Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes (CIM-602 and CIM-599) and one non-transgenic genotype (CIM-554) for the performance of H. armigera feeding The difference in leaf injury, relative consumption and growth rate of H. armigera was detected among experimental factors and their interactions. The leaf injury caused by H. armigera was higher (38.5 cm2 and 3...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1 
...ies and future selection programs.  

 

...

Abdul Razzaq1*, Muhammad Islam2, Zahra Islam3, Zahida Fatima1, Munib Hussain4 and Farmanullah5,6 

...ious alternative control programs including herbal use against these worms is also an important option. To explore the problem, three available synthetic anthelmintic (Oxfendazole alone, oxfendazole-Levamisole combination and Ivermectin) were administered to natural major nematodes (Haemonchus, Trichuris, Strongyloides and Trichostrongylus) infected sheep and goats. Overall results revealed susceptibility of these anthelmintics (97-99% Confidence Interval of F...

Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Abdul Mateen2 and Hazrat Bilal

...g-run agriculture growth programme in line with overall economic development targets of the country needs to be planned on operational grounds with strict implementation mechanism. It will enhance the tempo of agricultural growth towards poverty alleviation which will ultimately increase the speed of economic development in Pakistan. Furthermore, sub sectors of agriculture may be properly analyzed to find the potential of these sectors for income generation ac...

Betül Ayça Dönmez, Sarbesh Das Dangol and Allah Bakhsh* 

...to redirect the breeding program away from tetraploids to the diploids. We aimed to develop the protocol for transformation of Solanum chacoense diploid M6 potato using tetraploid S. tuberorsum cv. Desiree as a control using five different Agrobacterium strains harboring pBIN19 binary vector that further contains gusA gene, interrupted by an intronic sequence, under the control of 35S CaMV promoter. After transformation, we analyzed the transformation efficien...

Khaled Kaboudi* 

...in Egypt and serosurveys programs showed high positivity, particularly in poultry workers. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the most of H9N2 viruses circulating in North Africa were among the G1-lineage group. The presence of mammalian and human genetic markers were reported in several H9N2 strains, indicating possible risk for public health. Control of LPAI H9N2 subtype infection is currently based on biosecurity and the implementation of vaccination in som...

Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan 

...arm Service Centre (FSC) program on farmers’ adoption of improved wheat seed technology in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A sample of 336 wheat growers, consisted of equal number of FSC registered and non-registered farmers, was selected from Northern, Central and Southern climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The selected wheat growers were interviewed for data collection. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted over the collected da...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali

...nded for future breeding programmes. 

...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...t. Moreover, development programs shall be initiated to attract tourists vis-à-vis realize the objectives of the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. 

...

Urooba Pervaiz1*, Madeeha Iqbal1 and Dawood Jan2 

...not satisfied with radio programs, television programs, exhibitions, pamphlets, and farmer day. It was concluded that production of maize in the study area was increased up to 910 kg/acre after extension recommendations. In case of wheat production was increased from 1177.50 kg/acre after extension recommendations to 1806.25 kg/acre. 

...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

...>As an initial part of a program aimed at development of pesticides residues monitoring system in Pakistan, a semi-structured questionnaire survey consisting of 40 sub questions was evaluated by interviewing the peach growers in Swat, Malakand. The current survey described the knowledge, behavior, agricultural practices and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using...

Ajmalud Din1*, Munir Ahmad2, Fahad Masoud Watto2, Sheraz Ahmed1, Imtiaz Ali1 and Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah

...source in wheat breeding programs to develop high yielding varieties for arid, drought and rainfed areas. 

...

Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees

...of strengths of training programs. While looking into weaknesses of trainings, vegetable growers disclosed the unavailability of literature and bad condition of training equipment the top most weaknesses of trainings. On basis of results it is recommended that Extension Field Staff (EFS) should organize more trainings equipped with appropriate literature and skilled trainers for the enhanced awareness. 

...
Muhammad Younis Laghari1,2, Zixia Zhao1, Yiwen Gong3, Punhal Lashari1,2, Shangqi Li1, Jian Xu1 , Ateeque Rahman Khooharo4, Jiongtang Li1,* and Yan Zhang1*
...y and selective breeding programs for Hainan common carp.
...

Asmaa A. Darwish 

...sappoint our therapeutic programs and frustrate our expectation for curing. This work aimed to assess the most important clinicopathological alterations related to sheep pneumonia, arthritis and enteritis and spot the light on MMP-2 and MMP-9 diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in these conditions. 80 barki lambs were divided into four groups control group (CG), pneumonic group (PG), arthritic group (AG) and enteric group (EG). Blood samples were collected from...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...ct resistance management programs.

...
Aftab Shaukat1,*, Sana Hanif2, Irfan Shaukat3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem4,5, Shadab Shaukat6, Rizwan Shukat8, Shahid Ali Rajput9, Imran Shaukat10, Mubashar Hassan4, Khalid Mehmood7, Saqib Umar11 and Muhammad Ali Jamil1

Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2 

...future rapeseed breeding programs. 

...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

..., prevention and control programs of this NZD in the KP province of Pakistan is necessary because of the continual unrestricted movement of infected animals and the use of unpasteurized milk which might result in an increased spread of bTB to human population. 

...

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4* 

...should introduce precise programs for the upgradation of water systems, farmers’ training, input, and credit accessibility to enhance spur rice productivity. 

...

Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh 

...nces. Hence intervention programs including comprehensive screening of pregnant women with increased access to health care and treatment of confirmed cases at an affordable cost should be promoted to reduce STIs thereby reducing associated morbidities and mortalities.  

...

Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed

...al/community development programs have been launched for long times. The research gap needs to be addressed is an empirical analysis of contribution of such initiatives in the welfare of masses through poverty reduction in the area. This research endeavor is designed to figure out the impact of one of such projects named as Azad Jammu and Kashmir Community Development (AJKCDP) through poverty estimation and exploring the correlates of poverty in AJ and K. Mult...

Asmaa Abdallah Darwish 

...eatment and prophylactic programs for human and animal. Unfortunately, few studies investigated their concentrations in different sheep diseases. So, this paper aimed to assess the antioxidant vitamins (E, A, D3 and C) levels in some sheep physiological and pathological conditions. For this purpose, 200 barki ewes were divided into control group, inflammatory diseases groups (pneumonic group, arthritic group, enteric group), late pregnant groups (normal late p...

H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1 

...d in the 2-phase feeding program (1-14 d, 15-42 d). Results showed that: compared with the control diets, 1) Diets supplemented with Av-Cu or CuSO4 did not affect the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of weaned piglets; supplementing the diet with Av-Cu, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly increased (P < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was linearly decreased (P < 0.05); 90-100 mg/kg Cu from Av-Cu has the same effects on ADG and...

Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy

...onmentally sound control programs for in sito management of granary weevils, it will be necessary to expand the present study based on life table to get a comprehensive understanding and to determine the effect DE has on granary weevils and other grain pests when it is combined with plant extracts. 

...
Muhammad Mohibullah1*, Mehran1, Sundas Batool1, Muhammad Amin1, Zakiullah1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Irfanullah1, Abdur Rehman1 and Sardar Ali3
...tion in further breeding programs to introduce ideotype chickpea genotypes.
...

Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Imtiaz Ali3, Muhammad Saleem1, Irfan Rasool1 and Zeshan Ali

...ded in chickpea breeding program for development of stress tolerant varieties for drought prone areas of the country. 

...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2 

...ment for HCV elimination program through making the DAAs available and its affordability to general population to curb the catastrophic cost of managing the epidemic. However, the diagnosis of HCV infection is faced with several challenges, therefore there is a demand for development of easy to use and inexpensive molecular methods for accurate diagnosis. The sub-Saharan Africa HCV genotypes distribution are diverse, but genotype I is the most common. This rev...

Khalid Khan1, Marguerite Wotto2, Saima Liaqat3, Gulawar Khan1, Balach Rasheed1, Sara Rafiq4 and Guo Xiangyu5* 

...al and informal training programs for the farmers to enhance the productivity.  

...

A. S. M. El-Nuby1† , S. A. Montasser2 and I. A. El-Khadrawy

Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt
...rt in combating nematode programs especially for small-holder growers colonized Sinai Peninsula.

...

Khizar Azam1*, Abdul Shakoor1, Shahid Maqsood2, Muddasar Habib3, Muhammad Fahad4, Akhtar Zaib1 

IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR ESTABLISHING PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARMS IN PAKISTAN USING SOLAR GEOMETRY
...geographical information program to identify optimal sites for Pakistan. These sites should
also include basic requirements for a PV plant such as availability of local grid, barren land, roads, water, and good
climatic conditions. The Average solar intensity (I) was calculated by using solar geometry on a daily basis, which
served as the basis for annual projections. It has been found that the best location for building a solar farm is di...

Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1 

PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
... conditions.The computer program associated to it
is essentially the ballistic design analysis of the convex star grain configuration.Results showed that neutrality and
sliver fraction are dependent oncertain parameters. It has been observed that for good neutrality, higher angular
fraction and star angle close to neutrality must be maintained. Sliver fraction depends upon the star geometry and
can be reduced by decreasing angular f...

Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah* 

OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
...e heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based implementatio...

 Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***

SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...routines in theconcerned programs.Stability analysis with respect to change ofpriorities and change of cost and capacity constraints has provided an in depth scenario evaluation which has added value to the degree of reliability and confidence regardin...

Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**

IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
...ponent of the ANSYS ASAS program suite. The platform is subjected to design action, i.e combination of permanent and variable actions, and the basic Integrity checks including member strength, stability and hydrostatic collapse have been performed.
...

Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4

Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...squo; digital initiative program to build farmers capacity about the use of the ICTs in agriculture practices and marketing.

...

Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3

Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...d plan capacity building programme for the vegetable growers with the collaboration of telecommunication agencies about the applications of mobile handset that will help the grower to increase their production. There is a need to provide trainings to the vegetable growers about using of mobile phone for obtaining reliable and authentic information about vegetables producing for enhanced production.

...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...wareness and vaccination program is needed to control the spread factors. There should be an eradicated for breeding sites by keeping the surrounding clean. 
 

Feroza Arshad*, Aftab Ahmed Memon**, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili** and Arshad Habib Malik*

SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL ROBUST INTELLIGENT CASCADED REACTIVITY CONTROLLER FOR CANDU REACTOR

Amjad Ali1, Hong Luo1, Khalid Saifullah Syed2, Muhammad Ishaq2

A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
...message passing parallel programming model has been employed, by making use of the de-facto industry standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Favorable parallelization characteristics of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme have been exploited for hiding the communications behind the computations. The parallel performance of the developed code on an Ethernet based cluster, in terms of speedup is demonstrated.
...
Cheng Zhao1,2, Jianghong Ran2*, Bin Wang2,3, Qin Shi4 and Marwan M.A. Rashed1
...idered in the protection program. Furthermore, in areas inhabited by giant pandas, we recommend to optimizing and enhancing increased regulations to minimize the expansion and impact of roads.
...

Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... erosion and in breeding program for the plant species, Medicago minima is rich source of vitamins A, C, and E, green manure and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, Robinia pseudo-acacia is astringent, diuretic, emetic, emollient, laxative, poison, purgative, sedative, tonic, emetic and for toothache, Sophora mollis is seed destroying verm, wood used as fuel, Trifolium repens antirheumatic tonic and ointment, Trigonella emodi flowers and leaves are dried and powdered....
Yan Wen1, Liu Lian2, Zhuang Xun3, Murong Jiaying4, Cui Shuyi1, He Wanwen1, Mai Guanghuai5, Huang Wenzhu1, Chen Gang1,* and Wang Zhijun1,*
...n outdoor rehabilitation program performed in a garden setting for elderly patients affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The elderly patients suffering from COPD were randomly divided into an observation group (n=30) and a treatment group (n=30). Accordingly, the patients in the observation group were given a medication-assisted treatment plan for stable COPD based on established guidelines and indoor rehabilitation training for pulmonar...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

Genotype by Environment Interactions of Vegetative Growth Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes
...be used in hybridization programs to combine these characteristics in single line, or to transfer them to other high yielding varieties.

...
Huma Abbas1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz3*, Haseeb Ullah Kamber1, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Junaid1, Hira Abbas4 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3
Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides
...used for future breeding program and Score at 100 ppm may be evaluated for field trials in future studies.

...

Attiq ur Rehman1,2*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil3 and Ihtisham Ali4

Genetic Diversity and Traits Association in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Genotypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
...cessful crop improvement program. An experiment containing 16 wheat genotypes (8 durum and 8 spring wheat) was conducted in crop season of year 2015-2016, at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The parameters under study were days to heading, days to maturity, flag leaf area, plant height, tillers m-2, spikes m-2, spikelets spike-1, 1000-grain weight, grain...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Jangraiz Khan3 and Azra4
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and farm Size on Wheat Productivity: A Case Study of District Peshawar, Pakistan
...e sector should initiate programs to educate and train the farmers in order to bring advance techniques or improve theirconventional agriculture practices to increase wheat productivity.

...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...h massive adult literacy programs to increase the educational level of the farming community together with the involvement of youth in agricultural farming and agro-based enterprises to achieve sustainable rural livelihood and improved living standards.

...

Shahid Ahmed1,2*, Huiqing Su1, Xuqian Sun1, Peng Feng1, Yongpan Chen1, Liang Yu1, Qian Liu1 and Heng Jian1

Performance of Cereal Varieties against Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...be exploited in breeding program to introduce the resistance gene pool in local cereal cultivars for resistance to H. avenae in China.

...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...veterinary medicine is a program focused on traditional values, expertise and skills; the methodologies and methods used to treat diseases, maintaining animal health and its importance to ethnobotany and Pharmacogonosy.The objective of the present study is to identify the leading medicinal plants used by local communities for the treatment of animals and document the threatened herbal knowledge from the elder formers (R1, R2 and R4) this study labels the ethno...
Zeki Aras1*, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen1, Zafer Sayin2 and Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu3
... control and vaccination programs for the fight against C. abortus infection should be determined and implemented in Turkey.
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
...e future pest management programs against subterranean termites and other insect pests. 

Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1,Muhammad Asam Riaz1,Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Luqman2, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1, Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Mujahid Tanvir1 and Saadia Wahid1
...s in the pest management programs against agricultural and urban insect pests. 

Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...tic improvement breeding programs of C. alburnus offer an essential strategy in developing a sustainable solution. In this study, we developed three multiplex PCR panels, including twelve microsatellite loci for C. alburnus, and applied parentage analyses using 36 candidate parents and 136 offspring from four independent artificial breeding pilots. Based on allele frequency analysis using 36 candidate parents, the number of alleles ranged from 7 ...

Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3

Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...rictions and vaccination program to reduce.

...
Yifan Ni1, Jian Liu1, Fen Wu1, Jianfeng Cai1, Jinzhi Zhang1*, Jianqing Hua2 and Jiping Fu2
...Assisted Selection (MAS) programs for rapid improvement of the reproductive traits in sows.
...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...adication and management programs around the globe. The present study was coined to record the incidence of the disease in the Sargodha districts of the Punjab province. Furthermore, isolated bacterium from diseased samples was characterized morphologically and molecularly. The relative efficacy of commercially available antibiotics against the pathogen was evaluated in the lab and in field conditions. A systematic survey of randomly ten localities/sampling si...

 Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...considerate by providing programs or any other technique that can be helpful.

...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...idization or safety nets programmes for deprived groups. In addition, the state should concentrate on rural income generation activities such as agriculture, livestock and its related industries.

...

Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5

Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...ization of fertilization programs. This 2-years study was performed to investigate the influence of different strategies related to NPK fertilization timing viz. T1 (control, no NPK application), T2 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T3 (½ PK at sowing, ½ NPK at tillering and ½ N at booting), T4 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at sowing and ½ at tillering), T5 (all PK at tillering, ½ N at tille...

Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman

Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...r target advance quality programs for the countries by going through analysis of selected aspects and recommendations for deploying and implementing DMAIC methodology. 

...

Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2

A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
...to organize the training programs to increase the awareness among the chilli growers to increase chilli production and quality for increase export share in the world market.

...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1

Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
...cters in future breeding programmes.

...

Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1

Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...baseline of any breeding program as determining the variability of germplasm is an indispensable assist for crop improvement strategies. Multivariate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amount of genetic diversity in respect of several charaters and asseses the relative contribution of different traits to the total variation. In the present study, nineteen genotypes were evaluated for presence of genetic diversity through pri...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
 
 
...ectively. STATISTICS 8.1 programs were used for data analysis. Drought spell significantly reduced the growth development and wheat yield as compared to control treatment. Application of both growth enhancer amino acid and yeast significantly mitigated the adversarial effect of drought on the wheat as compared to the treatments in which drought was imposed without the application of yeast and amino acid. However, yeast more effectively moderated drought effect...

 Shuanping Zhao, Lei Xu, Hai Jin and Yutang Jia*

...ction in cattle breeding program.
...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...r science students of BS programs, was selected from three selected universities and surveyed through a questionnaire. The results of data analyses revealed gender wise differences in perceived level of CTIPs, CTS and AA in favor of female students. Students of physics were found better in CTS and students of chemistry were found better in academics. Teachers of chemistry were employing CTIPs more frequently than the other departments. The results also reveale...
Ming-Yue Zhang*, Bo Yuan, Xiao-Hui Zhang, James Ayalaand Rong Hou*
...environmental enrichment program of laying P. koraiensis bark substrate in an outdoor playground could increase the behavioral adaptability of captive giant pandas, facilitate the expression of behavioral diversity, and improve the welfare of captive giant pandas.
...
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
 
...ht be useful in breeding programs.
...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1

 

 

... through future breeding program.
...

Faiza Aman1,*, Neelam Ara1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2

 

 

...ward use in pea breeding programs.
...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Raheel Saqib3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan5 and Tahir Munir Butt6

...d using EpiData software program and a logistic regression model was applied using the computer-based statistical program “STATA”. The findings indicate that media (electronic media and print media) was the key information source for the farmers and 40.16% of farmers accessed media particularly for agricultural information whereas 34.43% used agricultural extension field staff (government) to acquire agricultural...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
 
 
...ty may initiate training programs for farmers to make the process of the loan more feasible and character building programs for the bank staff.
...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
 

...luded in future breeding programs of sunflower.
...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3, Waqas Raza1* and Mahmood Ahmad Randhawa4

...and carbon metabolism re-programming have been studied yet, there is scary of data on plant amino acids after induction of resistance. Here we investigated the amino acid contents in induced and un-inoculated and invaded region after induction of resistance. The quantities of methionine, iso-leucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine contents in three (Pb-91, C-44 and Bittle-98) chickpea cultivars increased after induction and stress of A. rabiei and compara...
Fuhua Zhang, Yishuang Yu and Shibao Wu*
...ficient captive breeding programs are critical for the conservation of Sunda pangolins and other pangolin species.
...

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Sajida Habib2, Waqas Shafqat Chattha3, Rizwana Qamar2, Shazia Saeed2, Abdul Khaliq1 and Salsabeel Rauf2

...uring hybrid development program.

...

Tanweer Fatah Abro1, Asif Ali Kaloi1, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Tarique Ahmed Baloch2, Tanveer Ali Soomro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1 and Waqar Hussain Shah4

... used in future breeding programs for improving seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in upland cotton.

...

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

...l information through TV program, 9.9% through radio broadcasts, 13.4% through mobile, 11.6% through internet, 14.3% through agriculture extension agents, 5.4% through private companies while 7.9% through fellow farmers. Only 41.1% of the respondents were aware of the programs about agriculture programs on mobile or internet in which more than half of the respondents (54.8%) got awareness ...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

...e, intensive support for program implementation can be expected from the government by augmentation of stakeholder coordination to aspire to agribusiness growth.

...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhmmad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2, Afzal Zahid2, Muhammad Kashif3 and Zeshan Ali4

...crop genetic improvement programs. The research aimed to determine the yield stability of sixteen advance chickpea strains was carried out at eleven diversified locations across the Punjab province of Pakistan during cropping season 2019-20. GGE biplot and mega environment analysis were employed to identify the most stable and high yielding chickpea advance strains. GGE biplot among PC1 and PC2 illustrated that G-10 (K-15019) was ideal genotype performing best...

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1 

... can be used in breeding programs. For this purpose, 40 barley landraces were collected from Dir Lower and Swat, districts of KP, Pakistan. A total of 18 traits were recorded, 10 qualitative characters including spike density, awn barbs, glume awn, lemma type and awn color, length of the rechilla hairs, lemma color, auricle pigmentation, photoperiod sensitivity and stem pigmentation. Variation was observed in these qualitative traits through frequency distribu...

Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda1 and Abdul Salam2

...policy interventions and programs to tackle food and nutrition insecurity and achieving zero hunger.

...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
...ting the differentiation program of cells at discrete steps during development are major targets for biocide plant extracts. The current study evaluates the in vitro toxic effects of golden piller (Cupressus macrocarpa) and galangal (Alpinia officinarum) against Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Also, changes in gene expression levels of chitinase genes (SFch-1, SFch-2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor gene (SFbtl) were demonstrate...

Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3

...kpea genetic improvement program.

...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
...vaccinated chickens with program I (rFP-AI-H5" vaccine then Re-5) being significantly lower prior to challenge, it provided good protection (73.3%) against the lethal A/chicken/Egypt/SHAH-1403/2011 (H5N1) AIV challenge, with no evidence of virus shedding. Keeping in mind that each bird was potentially challenged with 105 EID50, which may not be available to all birds under field condition. The foremost vaccine regimen can provide a safe, effective and con...

Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3

...the existing vaccination programs.

...

Naglaa F.S. Awad1, Gamelat K.F. Kotb2

...d a national vaccination program against the disease. However, RHDV
clinical cases are still being reported.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate genetic characterization of recent RHDV isolates from
naturally-infected rabbits in Sharkia governorate, Egypt in 2015/2016.
Methods: A total of 24 clinical samples were investigated by real-time reverse transcription PCR
(RRT-PCR). Hemagglutination a...
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
...ard although vaccination programs applied and other control
measures.
Objectives: The present study was designed for detection, isolation, identification and characterization
of Avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating among poultry in 2016 to determine its suitability to be
used in vaccine quality control in Egypt.
Methods: The newly isolated virus was identified and subtyped antigenically by serolo...

Rana A. Rabiea1, Mohamed Fawzy2, Mohamed H. Khodeir3 and MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2

...ell-designed vaccination programs using highly potent
and safe vaccines.
Aim: The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of inactivated AI
vaccine and live attenuated TRT vaccine on the immune response of turkey chickens.
Methods: Four groups of bronzy turkey chickens were used in this study; group-1 received live
attenuated TRT vaccine, group-2 received inactivated AI va...

Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2

...to use it in vaccination program. Methods:In this study, we collected 122 sample representing 12 different area in Egypt and seven different species of poultry produced and traded in Egypt. These samples were isolated on SPF eggs, detected for AIV infection Via HA, RT-PCR and gene sequencing. We analyzed the sequence on gene bank to compare it with the other AIV strains
Results: We found 35 and 55 samples showed positive result for H5 and H9 respec...
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
...compared two vaccination programs against NDV in chickens,
one using genotype VII inactivated and live NDV vaccine are available in the market and
second group used genotype II inactivated LaSota vaccine with live vaccine.
Method: NDV isolate designated NDV-GZ-986F-2015 was isolated from a commercial
broiler farm in Egypt and characterized as a virulent strain was used for challenge. Contact
chicks we...

Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2

...e necessity of awareness programs for farmers and antimicrobial stewardship programs targeting veterinarians, and other stakeholders to reduce the antimicrobial resistance crisis. 

...

Sami Ullah1, Bernhard Brümmer2 and Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*

...">Agricultural extension programmes are the main source of disseminating technical information to farmers which enhance their skills and in turn farm productivity. Livestock sector in the main sub sector of agriculture in Pakistan that contributes nearly 60% to agricultural value addition. In this study, we investigated the effects of extension services on market oriented dairy farms’ technical efficiency in Pakistan. The data was collected from 345 dair...

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

...tion in farmers training programs. Farmers’ conventional behavior, lack of awareness, lack of access to quality seed, and lack of promotion of improved crop varieties were found as the major challenges in adoption of improved groundnut varieties in Pakistan. It is suggested that concrete measures should be taken for availability of the reliable seed of improved crop varieties to the farmers. The extension department may encourage the conventional farmers...

Javed Anwar Shah1, Azhar Iqbal1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Aslam3, Muneer Abbas4 and Ilyas Ahmad5*

...ded in chickpea breeding program for development of AB tolerant chickpea cultivars.

...

Ayesha Gul1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan1*, Mazhar Ullah1 and Iqbal Munir3

...d in the future breeding programs.
...
Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo3, Muhammad Luqman4, Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1 and Mujahid Tanvir1
...mplication in future IPM programs against these and other sap-feeding insect pests.

...

Usman Khalique*, Muhammad Zahid, Noor Fatima, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah

...ions for future breeding programs. Further, it is necessary to identify the resistant genes in these varieties that could be incorporated in future wheat cultivars.

...

Muhammad Dawood1,2, Naeem Sarwar2, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Faiz Hussain4, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Akram4, Hammad Husnain5, Muhammad Shahid5, Mussarrat Hussain6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

... used in future breeding programs for development of high yielding varieties with good quality for semi-arid regions.

...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2

...ple farm plots. Literacy programmes should also be organised to address deficiencies of poorly schooled youths. 

...

Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1

...tegrated pest management program for beniseed production in Makurdi.

...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1

...r any effective breeding program. Surhan-2012 (R00-125/14) is the mutant line that developed through mutation breeding (Gamma radiation) from Rainbow parent. Initially, the promising mutant line was selected from mutant population and advanced homozygous mutant progenies during 2004-05 for yield evaluation in zonal varietal trials and the national uniform rapeseed yield trials (NURYT). The resultant variety exhibited the highest seed yield (2826 kg ha-1) in NU...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi

...tegrated pest management program. Being potential of these nematodes as biopesticides may be distributed to farmers to reduce use of insecticides already in practice and to control hazardous effect of chemical pesticides on both crops and human beings.
 
Novelty Statement | The present research effort was elaborated to conduct surveys and to ascertain the evidences of entomopathogenic nematodes from one...
Xiaoyun He1, Yongfu La2, Jinxin Wang1, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1 and Mingxing Chu1*

...ight be used in breeding program
...

Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5

... trainings and awareness programs regarding climate change to overcome the effect on agriculture. 

...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

..., prevention and control programs of this NZD in the KP province, Pakistan is necessary because of the continual unrestricted movement of the animals which might result in an increased spread of bTB to humans.

...
Samaria Nisar1, Tariq Manzoor Khan1, Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal1, Rahmat Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Saghir Ahmad3, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez ur Rehman4, Umar Farooq4 and Muhammad Zubair Ishaq5
...ment of various breeding programmes. This study was on F2 populations, derived from four parents of upland cotton, i.e. CRIS-134, VH-329, IUB-222, CIM-240 which were sown in the Plant Breeding and Genetics section, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad; Pakistan, during the normal growing season of cotton. A Randomized Complete Block design with three replications was used for the study. Plant height (PH), boll weight (BW), bolls/plant (BP), ginning out turn (...

Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil* 

...ciated with a management program for stray dogs. Eight adult native dogs were collected from Maadi district streets in Cairo. and brought to the clinic to assess their aggression level. They were exposed to a 10 behavioral test series, including friendly greeting, room behavior, leash manner, look test, sensitivity test, tag test, squeeze test, food behavior, toy behavior, and dog to dog behavior to measure the dog’s initial reaction and subsequent recov...

Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1 

Mary A. Sargious1, Hanaa A. Ahmed1, Ragab M. El-Shawarby2, Hatem H. Bakery2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, E. Gus Cothran4 and Ayman Samir Farid5*

...ertain sires in breeding program. Across the five basic strains of the Arabian horse, nine loci showed 13 private alleles with the Seglawi recorded six and the Abeyan recorded no private alleles. The highest Nei genetic distance and pairwise FST values were recorded between Abeyan and Hamdani while the lowest were recorded between Kehilan and Seglawi. The cluster pattern of the individual phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE plots of the five basic horse strains in...

Muneeb M. Musthafa1,* and Fauziah Abdullah1,2,3

...es. Long term monitoring program between different mountains on beetle diversity and distribution would enhance the understanding of their habitat pattern in relation to seasonal pattern and anthropogenic disturbances.

...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

...tegrated pest management program (IPM) strategy can be adopted that includes visual inspection, behavior management through pheromones, sanitation of the crop and field, removal of the infested frond and offshoot, eradicating the concealed breeding sites of the pest. IPM also include cultural techniques comprising in-groove humidity and palm density, judicious use of insecticides, using biological control agents including entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes as w...

Shaokun Lu1,2, Ronghua Li1,2*, Chunlin Wang1,2, Changkao Mu1,2 and Weiwei Song1

...agement and conservation programme of P.trituberculatus.
...

Mohamed S. Hussein1*, Hanan A. Fahmy2, Ashraf A. Abd El Tawab3 

...itoring and surveillance programs and cooperation between the sectors related to the epidemiology of these determinants.

Keywords | Antimicrobial resistance, Broiler chickens, Commensals, Escherichia coli, Fluoroquinolones 

...

Abdul Haleem1*, Ghulam Hassan1, Arshad Iqbal2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Sajid3, Farhad Ahmad4, Rafi Ullah Khan5 and Mohammad Ilyas2

...in future wheat breeding program.
...

Hera Gul Mohmmand1, Rozina Gul1, Hamayoon Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed1*, Laila Fayyaz1, Ajmalud Din1 and Imtiaz Ali1

...arious chickpea breeding programs for higher seed yield. Considering current findings, this study suggests that application of phosphorus to chickpea fields is recommendable for higher seed yield and hence is justified from economic perspective.

...

Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1

...fully in future breeding programs. Based on cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into two main lineages; lineage A which is further divided into 3 clusters (C1, C2, and C3), and lineage B, further divided into 2 clusters (C4 and C5). The principal component analysis estimated the total variations in the range of 51.43 to 100% with an Eigenvalue of 0.25. It was concluded from the results that Alnus nitida L. genotypes available in Pakistan have come ...

Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar

...this article, a computer program has been introduced. This is an era of technology, no one has time to do laborious work by hand. The results suggested some general rules for the construction of such designs. For p ≤ 5 and different combinations of n and p. All possible shifts will help the planners to enhance their choice.

...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5

...successful crop breeding program. For this purpose, a research experiment comprising of sixty-eight elite chickpea germplasm genotypes along with two commercial varieties were sown under tri-replicate randomized complete block design during the winter season of 2020-21. D2 statistics, principle component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to detect the most genetically variable and high yielding chickpea genotypes. D2 statistics extracted higher value...

Jan Clyden B. Tenorio

...e integral to successful programs. Moreover, how a One Health institution thrives is heavily reliant on how the separate, yet interconnected branches effectively communicate to each other. The aim of this paper is to consider some One Health points of discussion that are worthy of highlighting despite their pretermit nature. Discussions on One Health as a lens in viewing NTDs in the Philippines, an appreciation of veterinary public health as veterinary medicin...

Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2

...nt genotypes in breeding programme for the development of drought tolerant cotton varieties. The studied genotypes SLH-105,SLH-106,SLH-107, SLH-108, SLH-109, SLH-110, SLH-11can be exploited as a new drought tolerant high yielding cotton variety and also as a genetic resource in various breeding programs with the aim to improve drought tolerance in cotton.

...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

...with sustainable control programs. Risk factors of age, season, and sex were considered as factors influencing nematodes prevalence. These findings should contribute to advising appropriate control programs.

Keywords | Sheep, Trichostrongyle egg, Prevalence, Season, Sex, Age 

...

Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4

Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*

...r for assisted selection programs to improve goat milk yield trait.

...

Ahmed M. Darwish1*, Hassan R. Darwish1, Dalia M. Mabrouk1, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez1, Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam2, Ibrahim E. Mohamed3, Ibrahim M. Farag1 

...content through breeding programs.

Keywords | β-lactoglobulin, Leptin gene, Milk traits, Goat 

...

Thobela Louis Tyasi1*, Lubabalo Bila2, Nkgaugelo Kgasago3, Siza Mthi4 

...t selection and breeding programs in improvement of BW. The findings of the current study might also help goat farmers to have a better understanding of monitoring the growth development, and further assist in selecting replacement males and females using morphological traits.

Keywords | Body weight, Heart girth, Rump weight, Sternum height, Withers height 

...

Tehseen Ali Jilani1*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani2, Javeria Sherani3, Kashif Waseem2, Muhammad Sohail Khan2, Hasnain Saleem3, Abdul Manan2, Rashid Jawad2 and Sami Ullah4

...utilized in pea breeding programs.

...

Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze

...nt treatment and control programs.

...

Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2

...ial incorporation in IPM programs against fruit fly infestations on citrus crop.
...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...ead to breed improvement program.

...

Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6

...ng conventional breeding programmes and can be helpful in biotechnology for gene transfer process. Management of natural plantation of Ziziphus nummularia in Thal zone is highly favoured to save rich genetic resources of this unique jujube specie.

...

Iftikhar Alam1*, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*

... (PA) resources; lack of programmed PA and limited knowledge/awareness support. Participants were very contented with photo-elicitation stimulated discussions. Using these photos, students were able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy eating and lifestyle habits. Photo elicitation is an effective technique to engage participants to define food environment, and the related supports and barriers of a food and lifestyle environment.

...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2

...tegrated pest management programs of FAW.

 

...
Bulkaini*, Syamsuhaidi, Yusuf Sutaryono, Djoko Kisworo, Sukirno, Sukarne, Tapaul Rozi
...sing the Microsoft Excel program and regression correlation analysis. The results showed that carcasses with large size categories 77.67%, medium size 17.51% and small size 4.81%, while quality, which includes quality I, was 63.06%, quality II was 32.68%, and quality III was 4.26%. Broiler chicken pure meat products circulating in the traditional markets of Lombok and Sumbawa were respectively 54.21% and 57.83%. Conclusion: Carcass characteristics and pure mea...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

... appropriate vaccination program for breeder duck flocks is significant in controlling DHAV-1 infection. Thus, we recommend the application of further studies to detect the efficacy of the used vaccine against the current field strains of DHAV-1

Keywords | Nervous signs, DHAV-1, RT-PCR, Nucleotide sequences, Phylogenetic analysis 

...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2 

...rms Vision Version 3.7.5 program. The results in this study showed that sperms motility in Bali-horned bull was significantly lower (P<0.01) than Bali-polled bull, Brahman, Limousine, and Simmental. The sperms viability in Bali-horned and polled bull was significantly lower (P<0.01) compared to other bull breeds. The membrane integrity and acrosome integrity of Bali-polled bull sperms was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in Bali-horned bull. DCL, DA...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
...goat genetic improvement program.
 
Keywords | Anglo Nubian, Crossbred bucks, Sahelian goat, Sperm quality
...
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar2, Fiaz Hussain3, Hafiz Wasif Javaad4, Inam ul Haq5* and Humara Umar
... used in future breeding programs and establishment of commercial orchards in Soan Valley area of Punjab, Pakistan.

...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...y weaknesses in training programs and find obstacles in the use of computer technology which hamper the proper execution of extension services in three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Purposive sampling technique (sample taken on certain judgments about the population or researcher chooses who would be appropriate for the study) was employed to select three districts i.e. Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi from Agro-ecological Zone C of KP. The populati...

Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh

...t Nigeria. The policies, programs, projects, activities of private and public organizations to intervene on climate change-related issues are referred as institutional interventions. The study therefore, identified the institutional interventions and support available for farmers affected by climate change. In addition, identified the climate-smart practices used by the smallholder farmers, analyzed the relationship of the socioeconomic variables, farmers acce...

Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2  

...virus (NDV) vaccines and programs are heavily applied in poultry farms, but there is no marked protection against NDV genotype VII. So, the need of improved vaccines and vaccination protocols to reduce clinical disease and mortality is necessary. The current study evaluated the efficacy of different NDV vaccines used in poultry flocks in Egypt: live attenuated NDV vaccines (genotype II) and live recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT-ND-IBD) alone or in comb...

H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1 

...tion of good biosecurity programs including strict measures in poultry farms is the preferable method to reduce the risk of pathogenic bacteria and reduce the use of antibiotics.

Keywords | Poultry farms, Hygiene, Enterobacteriaceae, Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance gens. 

...

Shandana* and Ayesha Khan

...o establish an ICT based program so that innovative agricultural information might be communicated to the farming community.

...

Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3

...level, kitchen gardening program should be introduced which will improve their livelihood more effectively.

...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Waseem Akbar Qazi2

...ts in biological control programs against Bactrocera species. In current investigations we inspected the infected guava and mango fruits from lower (Hyderabad) and upper (Larkana) Sindh regions for population surveillance of parasitoids during 2019. The results shown (P<0.05) maximum number of Trybliographa daci were (55.60±4.52, 46.40±5.47) obtained from guava infested fruits of both regions. Moreover, Maximum number of Bactrocera zonata were...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

...d agricultural education program for the students at the school level. The current study was carried out to examine and evaluate agriculture teachers’ competencies levels that are teaching agriculture subject at school level in different parts of the state. For this purpose, 250 agriculture teachers were selected from ten districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by using sampling technique and well-structured interview schedule of 5-point likert scale was pre...

Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Younas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Raheel2, Anees Akhtar3, Muhammad Irshad1, Munir Abbas1 and Farah Shabir4

...ul in different breeding programs against wilting pathogen. Among six fungicides (Fosetyle aluminium, Derosal, Shinkar, Ridomil gold, Cabrio Top, Acrobate) Fosetyle aluminium caused maximum disease reduction (75.16%) at the concentration of 3 g/liter of water followed by Derosal carbendazim) (65.76), Shinkar (59.44), Ridomil gold (52.41), Cabrio Top (44.17) and acrobat (41.86) respectively on comparison to control. Results are also helpful for the farmers for ...

Abdul Latif1, Shahid Sattar1, Fazal Maula2, Imtiaz Khan4*, Asim Iqbal3 and Said Hussain Shah1*

...e included in future IPM programs.

...

Qurban Ali1, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Asad Aslam1*, Muti Ullah4, Ali Sher5, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Humaira Malik1, Muhammad Umar Qasim1, Muhammad Yasir6, Ijaz Haider1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Muhammad Jawad Saleem1

...tegrated Pest Management program.

...

Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1

...rovement in the breeding program.

...

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1*, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3, Ammara Yasmeen4, Hafeez ur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...used for future breeding programs. The genotypes G33 followed by G20 and G22 well performed while the genotypes lowest performed G19 followed by G15 and G13 in yield and grain’s physical attributes in the current experiment. It will help the breeders for the selection of high yielding genotypes by only identifying plant yield and physical grain’s attributes to develop the high yielding wheat varieties.

...

Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1 

... the routine vaccination programs used in farms can control PCV2 efficiently since continuing vaccination.

Keywords | Antibody, ORF2 gene, PCV2, Prevalence, Thailand 

...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Rizwan2,3*, Tanveer Ahmad4, Muhammad Kashif5, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ali6, Asghar Abbas7, Safder Imran8, Sidra Saher9, Syeda Fakhra Waheed10

...for diseases eradication program in Pakistan.
...

Monis Hussain Shah1*, Rizwan Rafique2,6, Munawar Almas1, Muhammad Usman3, Sadia Yasin4 and Sajida Bibi5

...lack of crop improvement programs with respect to the disease, lack of disease and problem oriented research in major fruits such as Guava, Grapes and Banana. Addressing these challenges of fruit production industry can further improve yield and quality of fruits local fruits. Secondly the nurseries stocks of fruit plants should be certified, the small land holders should be supported by the government incentives for specific fruit production. Research accordi...

Riaz Noor Panhwar1*, Abdul Fatah Soomro1, Muhammad Chohan1, Illahi Bux Bhatti1, Ali Hassan Mari1, Samia Arain1 and Sagheer Ahmad2

... in varietal development programs to evaluate and release new sugarcane of high cane and sugar yield potential to fulfill the sugar demand in the country. Limited work regarding appraisal of variation in lately evolved sugarcane genotypes for morphological and quality-related characters has been reported in Pakistan. Evaluation of sugarcane genotypes for desired attributes acceptable to growers and sugar mills is necessary before releasing them as commercial v...

Khunsa Khakwani1*, Muhammad Asif1, Zaheer Ahmed2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Yasmeen Abbassi2 and Ghulam Murtaza2 

...rs for a cotton breeding program. Five varieties namely FH-414, FH-415, FH-490, FH-492, and FH-ANMOL were used as lines and crossed with three testers namely NIAB- SANAM, CIM-602, and EYE-111 during the year 2019-20. Data was recorded for plant height (PH), number of monopodial branches (MB), number of sympodial branches (SB), number of bolls/plant (BP), boll weight (BW), ginning out turn (GOT), fiber fineness (FF), fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS) and s...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

...alyzed by using the SPSS program to extract arithmetic averages and percentages, the simple correlation coefficient and rank correlation of Spearman. The results showed that the degree knowledge of agricultural extension workers in the Domain of climate change in general is moderate to high while high in the causes of climate change phenomenon. It was followed by the Domain of how to face the negative effects resulting from climate change, and finally the Doma...

Sumaria Maqsood1*, Muhammad Ali 2, Amna Shoaib3, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Noor-ul-Ain2

...s and biological control programs. In the current study, a modified diet was formulated and assessed against two diets used for mass rearing of S. litura, and tomato fruits were taken as a natural diet. Results revealed that development attributes based on mass rearing of S. litura on the modified diet (wheat germ + tomato paste) significantly reduced the larval and pupal developmental duration by 30%, while, considerably enhancing eclosion rate, pupation surv...

Sumreen Begum, Atta-ur-Rahman and Asmat Salim*

... genes may provoke the reprogramming of the adult injured tissue for the mechanism of regeneration.

...

Ahmed Fathy1, Rania A. Hassan2, Essam S. Soliman3* 

...breeding and improvement programs. Clinical epidemiology relay on the collaboration between biostatistics and epidemiology to provide a basis for the veterinary field and clinical care. Since discriminant analysis as a parametric test is more powerful than its non-parametric alternatives, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the single discriminant analysis in classification between Baladi buffaloes and crossbred using clinical epidemiological measures of s...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Bushra Pervaiz2, Rana Shahzad Noor3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan3 and Wassi Abbas1

...ctor was ‘training program’ whereas for the private sector it was ‘advice on phone’. The public and private sectors should consider diversifying their strategies for the provision of rural advisory services that target improvements in farm production and food security.

...

Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3

...;s specific policies and programs in the sector.

...

M.M.A. Youssef† and W.M.A. El-Nagdi

...recommended for breeding programme and could be introduced in integrated pest
management program of root-knot nematode.
...

F. Shahina†, K.A. Tabassum and M.A. Habib*

...istan, especially in IPM programmes.
...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...nt of psyllium improving program. This investigation was designed to assess the heritability and genetic diversity among fifty-eight (58) psyllium genotypes. Data on eight yield linked factors, i.e., Days to floral initiation (DFI), Days to 50% flowering (DF), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), plant height (PH), spike length (SPL), number of spikes per plant (NSPP), days to maturity (DM) and seed yield per plant (SYPP) were recorded. Estimates of heritabilit...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...nt of psyllium improving program. This investigation was designed to assess the heritability and genetic diversity among fifty-eight (58) psyllium genotypes. Data on eight yield linked factors, i.e., Days to floral initiation (DFI), Days to 50% flowering (DF), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), plant height (PH), spike length (SPL), number of spikes per plant (NSPP), days to maturity (DM) and seed yield per plant (SYPP) were recorded. Estimates of heritabilit...

Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9

...n launching agricultural programs by producing rice of certain superior cultivars to achieve rice self-sufficiency and sustainability and bundling them with beneficial policies. However, quite a large number of rice farmers continue to grow local rice variants. This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe farmers’ attitude and behavior. A survey was employed for quantitative data gathering and an interview was for the qualitative ones. A total of 5...
Saleh Aljubran, Shaker Al-Suwaiegh, Yousef Alyousef, Sulaiman Alhajri, Mohammed Alghareeb, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...ion, artificial oocyte reprogramming, embryo development and their resulting newborns.
 
Keywords | In vitro, Oocyte, Embryo production, Embryo transfer, Micromanipulation
...

Seema Perveen Memon*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah, Reshma Sahito and Aiman Amur

...rom Anti-malaria control program (AMCP) of different localities of district Sanghar. Total 26161 suspected cases of malaria were examined, 490 patients were found malaria positive. Among these positive cases, 477 patients were found Plasmodium vivax and 13 cases with Plasmodium falciparum. Gender wise and age wise malaria were examined, maximum cases were observed in male (283 patients) as compared to female, while in age wise distribution adult (73% patients)...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
...and suitable vaccination programmes to protect chickens against both IBD and NDV infection as the current control and prevention regimes, including vaccines and vaccination protocol are not adequate against either single or mixed infection infections with IBD and/or ND.
 
Keywords | Broiler chickens, NDV genotype VII.1.1, IBDV, Immune-stimulants, HI-test, H/L ratio
...

Nachaat Sakr

...porated to crossbreeding programs to reinforce host resistance to fungal infection. This primarily study has recognized some favorable barley and wheat cultivars for selected breeding and commercialization aims in the arid Mediterranean area; Bohoth 10 (bread wheat) and Arabi Aswad (barley) ranking among the most head blight resistant cereal cultivars.

...

Muhammad Humayun Kabir* and Md. Saiful Islam

...private sector extension programs are less effective in boosting farmers’ farming abilities. In contrast, 59.55 % of farmers thought the same for public sectors extension. The independent sample t-test explored a significant difference between public and private extension services regarding farm and home visits, demonstration, and training programs. These services of public extension organizations were more effective t...

Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1

...eders in future breeding programs.

...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...ation, unemployment, and program inconsistency. This is one area where the maritime sector has been a quarry for years. Contrary to the maritime transportation industry, fisheries are the only coastal resource used nowadays. The maritime sector of Pakistan’s economy is becoming less viable as rising maritime vulnerabilities lead to decreased commerce and taxes. Here we look at Pakistan’s maritime industry and see how it stacks up to those of its la...
Ferzana Bhatti1, Fiaz Hussain2, Zain ul Abdin1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Saqi Kosar Abbas2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir3
...nsect biological control programes, especially from the insect parasitoids of Pyralidae (Lepidoptera).

...

Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*

...loyed in future breeding programmes and are drought resistant.

...
SAEED AHMED*1, ZIA-UR-RAHMAN1, SALMA KHALID2, TARIQ KHAN1, ARSHAD IQBAL3
& ZAMARUD SHAH4
...lorination and awareness program should be carried out for safe drinking water.
 
Key Words: Drinking water, Microbial contamination, waste management.
...

Amber Khalid1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Mirza Azhar Beg1 and Surrya Khanam2

... integrated pest control program.

...

Dalia Mansour Hamed1, Mohsen Zaky El Dimerdash1, Ahmed Abdelatif Ali2, Samer Adel Abd El-Gaffar3, Mona Salim Abdallah1* 

...ity according to nursing programs is limited. This study aimed to highlight the bacterial and behavioral causes of mortalities among young rabbits and control such problems. A survey on 167 specimens collected from diseased and freshly dead young rabbits in some Egyptian provinces was conducted. In addition, an experiment was carried out on 15 pregnant does divided into 3 groups: (A) opened, (B) semi closed and (C) closed nursing systems. Mean body weight, and...

Doungnapa Promket1,2,4*, Khanitta Pengmeesri2,4, Jennarong Kammongkun3, Thassawan Somchan2

...ken population selection programs.
 
Keywords | Candidate gene, Thai native chickens, Egg production, Selection, Animal breeding
...

Abubakar Sadiq Muhammad1,2, Latiffah Hassan1, Saleha Abdul Aziz1, Zunita Zakaria1, Hassan Ismail Musa1, 2*, Maswati Mat Amin3 

...ful for planning control programs tailored toward environmental interventions to reduce contamination in non-endemic areas. 

...

Sahar. A. Shoman1 and B. A. Othman2

...nalyzed using a software program. Sequence analysis of the amplified fragment revealed a high conserved sequence homology located at the 3'-terminal region of the 126KDa (ORF1) sequence of the published TMV strains.  Detection of the TMV-E using RT-PCR raises the availability of species-specific primers for the TMV-E that will be helpful for diagnosis in mixed infection. In addition, it will be helpful in further molecular characterization of this strain....

Thobela Louis Tyasi1* and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra2

...an be used for selection program of Nguni cows.

...

Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah

...c situation, so that the program that has been planned earlier can be done even though the situation might be challenging.

...

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...n of genetic improvement programs.
 
Keywords | Zoometry, sheep, clustering analysis, morphology; correlation
...

Bambang Hartoyo1*, Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo1,2, Wahyuningsih3, Sri Rahayu1, Fransisca Maria Suhartati1, Muhamad Bata1, Efka Aris Rimbawanto1

...s fixed effect using SAS program. Lactobacillus as potential feed additive had significant influence (p<0.05) to improve performance such as average daily gain (50.28 g), average feed intake (93.57 g) and feed conversion ratio (1.91) of broilers in ameliorate condition of digestive tract by decreasing the amount of Escherichia coli. Due to pathogen bacteria decrease, the histologic structures of digestive tract encounter improvement through minimizing damag...

Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2

...e prevention and control programs. This review deals with the global prevalence of IBV along with its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control. In summary, we have discovered that measures to combat infectious bronchitis is not fully effective and the continued attention of the scientific community and funding agencies can help protect the global poultry industry from this challenge.

...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...risk factors. Government programs and inadequate extension services had loadings in institutional risk factors while financial risk factors were no financial support by input dealers and no capacity to provide inputs. Fluctuation in input prices and market competition in- or sells-off had loadings in market risk factor while factors of human risk had loadings on facing difficulties in finding labor and migration of family members. Production strategies factor ...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Ahmad ur Rahman Saljoqi1, Shah Alam Khan1, Javed Khan3 and Muhammad Azim Khan2

...be combine in future IPM programmes for the suppression of P. perpusilla infestation.

...

Achmad Firman1*, Sondi Kuswaryan1, Lilis Nurlina1, Muhamad Hasan Hadiana1, Marina Sulistyati1, Unang Yunasaf1, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto2, Iman Trisman3

... artificial insemination program (SIWAB/SIKOMANDAN). Previously, the artificial insemination program was carried out partially and not with the feed, health, and community services programs. However, feed, animal health, veterinary public health, and community services are a part of the SIWAB/SIKOMANDAN program. The purpose of the study was to assess the...

Ikram Ullah1, Zaib Ullah2*, Junaid Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Zafar Iqbal3 and Naveed Akhtar2

...olvement in conservation programs were documented as the most effective mitigation strategies. Human dependence on forest resources, habitat destruction, anthropogenic food waste, and retaliatory killing were the main conservation threats to black bear survival in the study area.

...

Yanping Li, Fei Xu, Yongming Wang*, Yunyun Lv, Jinrong Shi, Biwen Xie, Wenyao Cai and Dian Liu

...ment captive propagation programs to protect their populations. Here, we firstly carried out artificial breeding of S. superciliaris and S. reevesae, and hybrid combinations were designed as S. superciliaris ♀ × S. reevesae ♂, and S. superciliaris ♂ × S. reevesae ♀. Secondly, 19 microsatellite loci were used to evaluate genetic diversity between hybrid offspring and their parents. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) among groups ...
Umer Farooq1,2, Nimra Murtaza2, Abubakar Siddique1, Bilal Saleem1, Obaid Ur Rehman1, Nageen Zahra1, Muhammad Uzair1, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1,3* and Muhammad Ramzan Khan1*
...tify;">Genomic selection programs for yield enhancement and disease resistance have become a reality with the availability of highly detailed genomic information. This information is critical to highlight genetic polymorphisms related with economically important traits including milk and meat yield, development, and resistance against diseases. In this present study, our main objective was to identify the deleterious SNPs and their associated genes which possi...

Abiyu Tadele 1,2*, Gebreyohannes Berhane2, Wondmeneh Esatu3

... more effective breeding programs for these three chicken genotypes by providing valuable insights into the genetic basis of chicken performance and egg quality.  

...

Tasleem Akhtar1*, Muhammad Farooq Nasir2, Imran Bodlah2 and Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3

...id in biological control programs against A. pisum in Pakistan.

...

Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1

...rces for future breeding programmes.

...

Tahir Abbas Khan1*, Imran Ashraf1*, Athar Mahmood1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Sardar Alam Cheema1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal3 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...also be used in breeding programs to develop the P efficient cultivars.

...

Kyu-Jung Kim and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...wetland-based management programs that are applied to habitat complexes at the landscape scale to support the needs of waterbirds. The results of this study can help with the conservation of habitats and landscapes in urban streams. Further research should be conducted on the conservation of waterbirds and their habitat in the future.

...

Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Imran Faraz3, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Zubeda Parveen1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Sana Ullah4* and Malik Akhtar Iqbal5

...implement successful IPM programs should prioritize understanding pests, crops, and the environment. Rather than seeking complete pest eradication, the primary objective should be to manage pest populations at acceptable levels. This review article underscores the significance of (IPM) integrated pest management for farmers as an economically and ecologically sound methodology of pest control. It emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive understanding of pe...

Meryem Betmezoğlu1*, Dilek Arsoy2 and Mahmut Çerkez Ergören3

...tion of genetic breeding programs to eradicate transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in goat and sheep is crucial for animal breeding, health and welfare, together with food safety and security. Goat production and indigenous goat breeds (Cyprus Native hair Goat, Damascus) are important for the Cyprus’s agricultural diversity Therefore, the allele frequencies of Caprine Prnp gene variants should be well understood for goat breeding

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

...the Mung bean thrips IPM program

...

Khwaja Junaid and Shah Alam Khan

...an be used in future IPM program for the management of RLF. Furthermore, these resistant germplasms can be used in breeding programs for the development of high yielding resistant varieties against RLF.

...

Muhammad Haseeb Malik2, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din1*, Ghazal Kaukab Raja2 and Feroza Hamid Wattoo2

...e entering into breeding program.

...

Muhammad Faizan1, Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Waqar Hassan1*, Ghulam Sarwar2 and Moazzam Jamil3

...in legume seeds breeding programs for resistance development in new varieties against pulse beetles.

...

Naeem Akhtar1*, Sana Noureen1, Muhammad Asif2, Ahsan Aziz2, Usman Saleem1, Talat Mahmood3, Nadeem Raza4 and Waqas Raza5

...uture sugarcane-breeding program to increase sugar production and development of SCMV resistant cultivars.

...

Azam Khurshid1*, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1, Hafiz Muhammad Faisal Ayub2, Farooq Muhammad1, Fida Muhammad Khan3 and Adnan Ihsan1

...corporated in future IPM programs to manage the whitefly and jassid population effectively. 

...
FARZANA SIDDIQUE*1, NAZIMA FIRDOSE2, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD2, WARDAH HASSAN2
& SHAFAAT YAR KHAN2
...icide residue monitoring programs must be instituted in Pakistan.
...

Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Saqib2*, Abid Rashid3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Khushal Khan Kasi5, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab2, Muhammad Azam Kakar5, Heinrich Neubauer1 and Mudassar Iqbal6*

...al studies and awareness programs are recommended. Based on the results and review of the literature, the authors urge to consider higher age ≥40 years, direct contact and raw milk intake as risks for the infection. 

...

Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Liwei Teng1,2*, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Aamir Ali3, Abdul Hadi4 and Zhensheng Liu1,2*

...gulates captive breeding programs with in the park. Therefore, detailed studies are needed to be carried out to investigate the population trend and habitat ranges of this species in the park and adjacent areas.

...

Jaweria Iqbal1, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf2, Muhammad Faheem Jan3, Waqas Raza4*, Waqas Liaqat5, Ikram ul Haq6, Amna Jamil7, Sameer Ahmed1, Amjad Ali2 and Arif Mehmood8

...g genotypes for breeding programs, especially given the limited genetic diversity in cotton breeding. The study showed that Bt cotton genotypes share a high genetic similarity, emphasizing the need for introducing diverse or exotic genotypes into breeding programs to enrich genetic diversity. Additionally, marker-discriminating indices can aid in selecting effective markers to assess genetic variation, facilitating the devel...

Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2

...l Year states one of the program’s primary objectives is to increase the cow population in beneficiary locations. Efforts to support the program’s sustainability can be carried out through farmer empowerment in accordance with the Government Regulation Number 6 of 2013. This research aims to examine the effect of farmer empowerment on sustainable livestock development in the One Thousand Cattle Village

Salma Sharif1, Rana Arsalan Javaid2*, Abid Majeed2, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed2, Qurat ul Ain Sani2, Faiza Siddique2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Niaz Ali

...ypes for use in breeding programs in the future. A set of 65 accessions were evaluated in the field of Crop Sciences Institute, NARC following factorial design with three replications. highly significant differences were observed for all the quantitative traits as days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, flag leaf area, leaf length, culm length, culm diameter, number of grains per panicle, grain length, grain diameter...

Roberto Gallegos-Acero1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,4*, Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca1, Rubén Herberht Mamani-Cato3, Abigail de la Cruz1, Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho4 

...l analysis method. ENDOG program v.4.8 was used for the calculation of the following parameters of the genetic structure such as: average inbreeding coefficient (F), average relatedness coefficient (AR), the effective numbers of founders (), effective number of ancestors (), generation interval (GI) and the pedigree completeness, the ENDOG program v.4.8 was used. The F and AR were 0.06% and 0.40%, respectively, The number of...

Hermawan Setyo Widodo1,2*, Tridjoko Wisnu Murti1, Ali Agus1, Ambar Pertiwiningrum1

...nfluence of the breeding program. The genotypes affected the αs1 casein, total casein, and αs1/β ratio, in which AA was highest. The A, F, and N allele expressions were 3.21, 0.82, and 0.60g/L, respectively. It can be drawn that the CSN1S1 gene variation has occurred in those breeds and an intermediate-expressing genotype was predominant, which affected the amount of some milk protein.
 
Keywords | Casein, CSN1S1, ...

Javed Iqbal*, Mamoona Hanif, Nadia Hussain Ahmad, Amna Bibi, Zaib-un-Nisa and Sadia Kanwal

...ized further in breeding program.
...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...nted using a statistical program (SPSS). The study showed that small-scale farming projects have significantly and effectively contributed to the development of rural youth in Anbar province and their relative development of administrative and economic skills. It also became clear that there are problems and obstacles that hinder the work of agricultural projects in the areas of financing, financing, marketing, and some managerial and technical aspects. These ...

Merita Ayu Indrianti1,2*, Didi Rukmana3, Eymal Bahsar Demmallino3, Muh. Hatta Jamil3

...egulates LP2B protection program, however, there are no clear geographical boundaries regarding the LP2B program in Gorontalo Regency also not implemented yet the regulations related to incentives for farmers whose land is determined in the LP2B program.
 
Keywords | Sustainable food land, LP2B, Gorontalo district, Regulations, Staple feed
...
Akram A. Salama1, Moustafa A. Zaghloul2*, Ahmed A. Zaghawa1, Mohamed A. Nayel1, Ahmed M. Elsafey1, Mohamed F. Azooz2, Hanem S. Harb1 and Walid S. Mousa1
...ffective disease control programme. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance and characterization of circulating LSDV strains, as well as the need to improve the DIVA strategy for distinguishing the vaccine strains from field viruses.
...

Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2

...packing, the statistical program (SPSS) was used to analyze and present the results. The study showed that small agricultural projects had contributed to the development and development of the capabilities of rural women, As these projects worked to bring about behavioral changes among rural women and developed their administrative, knowledge, and skills capabilities, adapting to the work environment and their social capabilities as well as capabilities in the...

M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2  

...to the implementation of programs to improve goose farming in Benin. 

...

Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.

...ustify;">Two vaccination programs for infectious viral disease (IBD) were compared in broiler chicken with maternal immunity, placed in tow farms, A and B. IBD immune complex vaccine was administered by subcutaneous route, at the hatchery into chicks of farm A at age of I day. On farm B, the attenuated intermediate plus live IBD vaccine was given via drinking water at the age of day. The vaccine uptake was monitored via serology, bursal indices and effect of t...

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...wer, a mutation breeding program was initiated. Seeds of two genotypes were subjected to four doses of gamma rays; O, 100, 200 and 300 Gy from a 60Co source. Ml and M2 generations were sown at the experimental fann of the Agricultural Res. Center to induce variability in the sunflower genotypes; Giza 102 and Sakha 53, which could be resistant to TMV-S. The statistical analysis indicated significant differences among irradiation doses on plant height; all used ...
Ashraf M. Metwally*, Ausama A. Yousif*k , Iman B. Walaa A.   Attia M. Samy * , and Ismail M. Reda *
 
...of intensive vaccination programs. A recent increase in IBD related mortality in vaccinated farms prompted this investigation into the genetic character of the circulating IBD virus (IBDV). Bursa and proventriculus samples were RT-PCR tested using novel primers flanking VP2 region coding the two major and two minor hydrophilic peaks. IBDV was detected in tested samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced PCR product and deduced amino acid sequences of IBDV...

Qurat ul Ain1, Asifa Khan1*, Asia Riaz2 and Nazia Suleman

...my in biological control programmes. Such studies may help in planning the storage, transportation and release of these useful natural enemies in the IPM programmes. 

...

Syed Majid Rasheed1*, Tauseef Ali1, Saad Jan1, Faiz ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ali Shah3, Zahid Hussain1 and Abdul Waheed4

... in future okra breeding programs. The estimated inbreeding depression revealed that the majority of the traits showed negative inbreeding depression due to selfing, thus least affected by selfing. Thus from our study G8, G14 and G23 could be identified as the best-performing crosses for yield-associated traits. Hence should be involved in a variety of development programs to improve the quantitative and related traits of Ab...

Doungnapa Promket1*, Khanitta Pengmeesri1, Jennarong Kammongkun2, Thassawan Somchan1 

...s for selective breeding programs aimed at enhancing egg production.  

...
Saliha Bashir*, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Anjum and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...e conducted through SPSS program. Intermediate eye color was frequent in KPK (44%) while brown was higher in Punjab (47%). Contrarily, light to medium brown skin color was recurring (55%) in Punjab whereas lighter skin color prevailed in KPK (69%). Furthermore, Fuchs’ crypts were significantly correlated with contraction furrows in both populations. Likewise, crypts were significantly associated with Wolfflin nodules and furrows were significantly relate...

Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2 

...arker Assisted Selection program, which involves using genetic marker technology to enhance livestock selection for desirable growth traits. One approach to improving the performance of Pesisir with Holstein Friesian cattle crosses involves identifying growth hormone variations through analysis of the exon 5 gene. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative traits and growth hormone patterns in crossbreeds between Pesisir a...

Wisnu Jaka Dewa1,2, Ekowati Handharyani3*, Sri Purwaningsih4, Silmi Mariya5 

... process. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that occur in every multicelluler organism. Bax and Bcl-2 are two proteins that are involved in controlling the apoptosis process. This research aimed to quantify the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene in colon cancer cell WiDr treated with red snail ethanol extract 125, 62.5 and 31.25 ppm concentration. mesenggerRNA (mRNA) was isolated from WiDr cells using a commercial kit. The mRNA concentration was then measured...

Khaeruddin1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Muhammad Yusuf3, Iswati4, Setya Budhi Udrayana4, Sri Wahjuningsih2*

...ry industry and breeding programs due to the ability to efficiently use superior male chickens for mating with multiple females. This study aimed to examine the effect of adding BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) into the diluent and storage time on the quality of Gaga chicken spermatozoa during liquid storage. The semen was collected using abdominal massage methods and divided into 4 tubes filled with diluent. For the analysis, the diluent selected was egg yolk R...

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

... to strengthen awareness programs on infection and control strategies in the area.

...

Yude M Yusuf1,2, Rudy Priyanto1*, Jakaria1

...uated in a crossbreeding program. This study evaluated the growth performance of newly introduced Belgian Blue cattle and their crossbred to local cattle (Brahman, Friesian Holstein, and Ongole Grade). In this study, the growth performance data of 151 heads of Belgian Blue (BB, n=9), BB x Brahman (BB-B, n=94), BB x Friesian Holstein (BB-FH, n=24), and BB x Ongole Grade (BB-OG, n=24) were collected for analysis. The effects of different genotypes were tested us...

Ida Indrayani*, Andi Andri, Tevina Edwin

 
 
...ued various policies and programs related to the development of beef cattle enterprises. The farmer’s capability to provide animal feed, especially forage by utilizing agricultural and plantation waste becomes an essential factor in developing a sustainable beef cattle business. We aimed to determine the potential for beef cattle development, and analyze the index and sustainability status based on four sustainable dimensions. We collected data from 60 b...

Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf1, Norsida Man2*, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Ismi Arif Ismail3, Siaw Shin Yee1 and Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T Abu Bakar1,4 

...h agricultural extension programs may significantly affect the effectiveness of adopting urban agriculture practices, which eventually help the participants with better living standards and productivity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of urban agriculture programs. Primary data was collected from 230 urban agriculture program participants registered under the DOA Malaysia. T...

Kenyum Lollen1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

... step cooling profile in programmable freezer. The spermatological properties of milt obtained from non-induced fishes were superior which was further used for short term preservation. When experimented with dilution ratio, the highest motility duration of 74.3±2.16 s was obtained at 1:10 dilution ratio. The best results on motility duration (62.28 ± 2.12 s), fertilizing ability (77.3±1.63 %) and hatching rate (61.6±2.44 %) was reco...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1*, IQRA AZAM1, MUDDASIR HASSAN ABBASI1, MEERAB DAUD1, NADEEM SHEIKH2, ANDLEEB BATOOL3, RABIA MAHMOOD2 & MARYAM MUKHTAR2

...el run and thermo cycler program, which revealed alterations in the expression of hepatic mRNA (IL-6) in all loads equally confirmed by the results of housekeeping gene β-actin. Gel analysis showed changes in the folds of IL-6 in hepatic mRNA compared to control. These finding led to the conclusion that Alloxan can induce an APR, which is evident by rise in expression of IL-6. Hence, extensive use of this food shiner should be avoided. Proposal of the cur...

UROOJ SAEED1, SAJID RASHID AHMAD2, HAMMAD GILANI3*, RAB NAWAZ4, NAEEM SHAHZAD5, IRFAN ASHRAF6 & WAQAS AHMED QAZI3

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

...llenge for public health programs. About 20% people die of viral hepatitis in one of Pakistan provinces. A counter malarial acrine drug is being tried against proteinaceous infectious particles (causing many transmissible neuro-diseases). These epigenetical agents have been a source of concern for our planet regarding food safety issues (e.g. infected meat). No doubt, man has made significant achievements in effective and neo-antimicrobials research, one wonde...

Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni

...ght = SH) using the SPSS program. The Pearson correlation (r) between body weight and measurements was calculated and the degree of fit of the models was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), Adj R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE). Body weight had a highly significant (P< 0.01) correlation with BL (r = 0.723), CG (r = 0.814), and SH (r = 0.549). The optimal estimation of body weight was achieved through a blend of chest circumference and ...

Addisu Jimma1,2*, Aberra Melesse1, Aynalem Haile3, Tesfaye Getachew3  

...community-based breeding program (CBBP) is currently active in implementing indigenous breed improvement strategies to achieve genetic progress, economic benefits, and livelihood improvements for smallholders in the pioneer sheep breed improvement cooperatives in Ethiopia. Although the Doyogena sheep CBBP is one of the well-performing breeding cooperatives, there is a lack of up-to-date information regarding farmer perspectives on morphological and reproductiv...

Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1

...seases, set up selection programs focused on resistant varieties to viruses and improve the agricultural practices of farmers.

...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

...ity of infection. Health programs should be suggested on personal and environmental hygiene practices. 

...

Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3

...n future cotton breeding program. Therefore, in this study five lines (MNH-1020, MNH-1035, FH-152, CIM-632 and BS-20) were crossed with three testers (CEMB-100, RH-662 and NIAB-5) using line × tester crossing design, which resulted 15 F1 hybrids. The analysis of variance found significant variation between the parents and hybrids, demonstrating the presence of genetic diversity. For several traits including plant height, number of nodes per plant, number...

Shishir Sharma1*, Suk Bahadur Gurung2, Ritesh Kumar Yadav1, Bibek Phulara1 and Laxmi Prasad Joshi1

...pes for a maize breeding program. One hundred one inbred lines of maize were evaluated using Rampur Hybrid 10 as resistant check in a rod row design from October 2020 to March 2021 at the National Maize Research Program’s research farm in Rampur, Chitwan. The goal includes identifying correlations between genotypes, estimating the proportionate contribution of various disease characteristics, and selecting eligible par...
Abdel Satar Arafa
...plied a mass vaccination programme for commercial poultry to control the infection. The isolated viruses from poultry in Africa have been classified as G1 ‘Western’ Viruses and related to the circulating viruses in the Middle East. In addition to Y439 lineage recorded in South Africa farmed ostriches. The infection with H9N2 is frequently displaying moderate-to-high morbidity and mortality in the field especially when comes associated with bacteria...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

...her included in breeding program to get more cultivar and hybrids combiner to enhance yield through yield contributing traits with additive genes and for further development of yield and yield related traits. 

...

Shazia Shafique1, Sobiya Shafique1 and Sonia Sahar1

...s safe fungal management program. Presently, the research was under taken to ascertain the antitoxic effect of Thymus serpyllum against eggplant leaf spot pathogens i.e., Exserohilum rostratum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia clavata. For this, 10 concentrations of methanolic extract of plant (0.5% to 5%) were employed against the pathogens. Data analysis depicted that development of all the pathogens was greatly inhibited by all the concentrations...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...ver, effective extension programming needs partners to share an understanding of the challenges and an idea for positive results. Moreover, it necessitates the appropriate selection of messages, messengers, target audiences, and effective communication tools. To further promote agroforestry in Pakistan, this review suggests implementing corrective measures to rationalize prevailing systems and develop upcoming sustainable plans and methods.

...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
..., in order for extension programming to be effective, it is necessary for partners to share both an appreciation of the problem and a vision of viable solutions. The corrective actions be taken in order to streamline the existing systems and develop methods and approaches that are sustainable over the long run-in order to improve agroforestry in Pakistan.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Sustainable, Intercropping, socioeconomics, sustainable economics.
...
Tanvir Hussain1, G. M. Nasir2, and Ayaz Marwat3
...cess....
Zahid Rauf, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Ghayyas Ahmad and Wahiba Iqbal
...orestation/reforestation programs all over the country should ensure a sustainable supply of raw material for the wood based industries.

...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Hakim Shah1, Nowshad Khan2 and Mohd Zaki Hamzah3
... forest management (PFM) programs, implemented in north-eastern and north-western parts of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, on the forest resource development. The research was carried out in three Districts of Pakistan, viz. Muzaffarabad (AJK), Abbottabad and Mansehra in the areas where PFM programs namely Integrated Land Management (ILM) and Environmental Rehabilitation and Poverty Reduction in Terbela Reservoir Catchment...
Muhammad Bilal Zia and Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...station and agroforestry programmes. A trial comprising four Paulownia species was conducted at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, to asses the genetic variability based on growth parameters. These parameters such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and survival were assessed after one and two years of plantation. The results showed highly significant differences in the tested traits among the four species. Paulownia catalpifolia was t...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...ed for mulberry breeding programme. The breeding programme is suggested to be based on hybridization followed by selection method.

Key words: Genetic variability, phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance, genetic linkage, mulberry, breeding

...
Mohit Gera, Neelu Gera and Farooq Ahmad Dar
...d for future improvement programs. Pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod, seed weight and germination were observed to be important characters in evaluating the genotypes....
Contact: Erick Toledo
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir, and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...data through statistical program Cofecha and elimination of the edaphic factors after detrending and standardization through the computer based program Auto-Regressive Standardization (ARSTAN) and its empirical modeling was done by the software Dendroclimb 2002. Tree-ring chronology showed a strong positive response to precipitation (p<0.05) and weak response to temperature. Significant positive correlation was found with Ja...
Anwar Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Khan and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...o initiate reforestation programs on urgent basis and stop open grazing and illicit cutting for the rehabilitation of these valuable forests....
M. Muhammad Rafi
...is important to make the programme a success. The recommendations for future management of similar grasslands have been given. ...
Shams-ur-Rehman
... utilization in breeding programmes against stem rust (Cronartium rabicola J.C. Fisch ex Rabenh.) and dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium minutissimum Hook. F.), a detailed study on several provenances of the species alongwith the data on soil and geoclimatic variables has been collected during the past several years. Seedlings were also grown in a greenhouse to compare the level of association of genetic variation with those observed in the natural s...
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...he coastal afforestation program was started in the year 1966. Today, 1.3 million hectares of land have been planted with keora (Sonneratia apetala), baen (Avicennia officinalis) gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), kankra (Bruguiera sexangula) and goldpata (Nipa fruticans). Among them keora and baen are the major (80 and 20 percent, respectively) planting species. This established man-made mangrove forest along the coastal belt and ...
Muhammad Ayaz
...enefits of afforestation programs. The multiple use of trees is defined as the array of goods and services which they produce for direct and indirect human use. On this criterion, 42 species of trees both exotic and indigenous have been identified and discussed for their multiple uses in this paper....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
...ocial and farm forestry programs in Pakistan finds no firm footing in the local timber trade due to various reasons. This situation needs to be redressed to break the deadlock in eucalyptus marketing as well as for the promotion of afforestation programs by creating better profitability from planting Eucalyptus. Beside many other marketing and utilization measures the export potential of Eucalyptus wood chips from Pa...
Shaukat Ali
.../i> L.) in afforestation programmes in northern Pakistan, four different trials of containers were used to see their effect on the growth or biomass of young seedlings of the species. Depot was efficient to allow longer and better developed root system as compared to other containers. Total biomass of seedlings in depot by mid-fall was also greater. Seedlings raised in polythene bag competed with depot seedlings till late summer but the former excelled in mos...
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Jehangir Ghauri
...pecies in agroforestry programme, Eucalyptus has established itself as a tree most suitable for Agroforestry, as it can grow on a variety of soils under various climatic conditions. It has desirable qualities, such as fast rate of growth, clean straight bole, thin crown, ornamental value and less shade casting. Besides that, it has multiple uses i.e. poles, pulp, fuel, charcoal, fiber board, chipboard etc. and above all it gives high and early retu...
M. Rafique Sardar
... suggested cut and carry program for seeded Cenchrus ciliaris under silvopastoral system or deferred rotation grazing plan with grazing in late fall to winter season in the Peshawar valley....
Raja Atta Ullah Khan
...station and agroforestry programme cannot be over-emphasized because planting stock is the basic and most important ingredient of tree plantation. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) is the most important multipurpose tree species in Punjab which is extensively cultivated on public as well as private lands. It is propagated with root shoot cuttings. Prevailing technique of raising of shisham nursery consists of broadcasting sowing of shisham pods on ra...
K. M. Siddiqui
...nd present policies and programmes related to environment....
Rafique Ahmad Dr. and Nasreen Muzaffar Dr.
... bee management research programme and his co-worker Dr. Nasreen Muzaffar at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad have produced a very valuable piece of literature....
K. M. Siddiqui
...nternational development programmes especially in the developing countries. On the other hand, agricultural and industrial development started attracting the attention of planners in the sixties. In seventies and early eighties, energy conservation caught their attention due to energy crisis and resultant high cost of fossil fuels. This crisis however, compelled some development planners to find out the possibility of extended use of biofuels includi...
Abid Ali Khan
...seven years. The project programme was started in April 1977 with the main objective of introducing and transferring sericulture technology to the farmers. ...
Mian Muhammad Muslim
...t the silkworm rearing programme. Since then it made a slow but steady progress in Punjab. Presently, sericulture is one of the major cottage industries in rural areas of the province. The activity is mainly concentrated around irrigated forest plantations of Changa Manga, Daphar, Chichawatni, Kamalia, Khanewal, Bhagat, Kundian and Jauharabad. Besides it is scattered on a small scale in various other parts of the province viz: Shakargarh, Sialkot, Gu...
M Ayaz, M.A. Cheema, H. Duerrstein and M. Kleine
...and software (computer programmes). A brief description of the available software and their application in data- processing and planning activities in forestry....
M. Ayaz, J. A. Khan, M. Kleine and H. Duerrstein
... as part of their degree programmes and major findings of research are briefly described...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... the poor new comers out programme of construction of canals, roads, houses and other amenities of life was worked out and successfully completed. Heavy machinery like bulldozers was put to the maximum use to level the land for agriculture and afforesation. Hither to unemployed young and the old got job opportunities in mills, factories, construction and afforestation works. Land lying waste for ages was turned into highly productive agricultural field...
J.O. Adegbehin, S. Nokoe, J. A. Okojie and G. O. Otegbeye
...nently in afforestation programmes in these areas, Pinus caribaea variety hondurensis (out of all the varieties of the species tried) has been identified as the next most promising and widely planted species within the low and medium altitude areas (600 - 1200m) of that part of the country. Growth data from permanent sample plots from the Northern parts of the country showed that, on average site, P. caribaea var. hondurensis attained a ...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...erage annual plantation programme is 133,000 hectares. Most important species in plantation are: Poplar, Willows, Equalyptus, Alder and Pines. Natural geographical regions are Black sea, Marmara sea, Aegean sea, Mediterranean and Central Anatolia. Successful mechanical operations in the forests are carried out during all plantation campaigns....
Gerald Foley
... characterised most past programmes and makes clear way so many failures have occurred. It shows that when charcoal making is clearly seen in its broader social and economic context, the way is opened to a more creative approach than simply promoting technical improvements.

Charcoal Making in the Developing World by Gerald Foley, head of the Earthscan Energy Information Programme. It is copiously illustrated and writ...

K. M. Siddiqui, S. Rehman and A. Hussain
...mended in afforestation programmes in the country....
M. A. Latif, S. A. Khan and M. K. Bhuiyan
...y for further plantation programmes....
Abdur Rashid Tariq and Haji Moosa A. Tayab
...tiation. Thereafter this programme was extended further over an area of about 2000 hectares under various agencies. The Forestry Department, besides raising pastures on project scale, also initiated a study to test the adaptability of Pioneer Rhodes grass to irrigation water having higher levels of salinity. The study was laid on to various soil types available in the region. Observations on the response of Pioneer Rhodes grass to various soil and water qualit...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, Ali Akbar Khan and Mohammad Khan
...f the extensive planting programme involved in the project it would be better if these practices were standardized for the benefit of the field foresters. The job was assigned to the Pakistan Forest Institute....
Adil Al-Kinany
...objectives of a training programmed in GDR, the senior author was assigned the task of investigating the dormancy in Acacia longifolia seed and subsequent growth of the seedlings under glass house conditions. The study was carried out at department of Biology, Dresden Technical University, and Dresden from March to June, 1979. The good seeds (out of the lot imported from Holland) were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments including hot and cold water...
K. M. Siddiqui
... of any tree improvement programme. It is not a problem in crop plant breeding because most crop plants are raised for their seed and heavy and regular seed production is taken for granted. Most trees however, are not grown for their seed, and many trees that otherwise have desirable characteristics, seed only occasionally or not at all. Then fore, a tree breeder is concerned with seed production. Considerable research is underway in almost all count...
M. Bashir Chaudhry (Dr.), M. Alim Mian and M. Rafiq
...ted land only. The SCARP programme has been examined and it has come out that these projects have not met the expected success because they were formulated without proper diagnosis of the problems of salinity and water logging. No doubt some positive results have been achieved but these are largely negated by the sodicity problem caused by low-quality tubewell water. This kind of sodicity is affecting about half of the area irrigated by tubewells. Towards the...
Raja Walayat Hussain
... control of new planting programs. In information management it finds its application in maintaining upto- date records of long range experiments and files of employees. Different decision making techniques such as linear programming simulation, research and network planning are described and important programs developed by United States Forest Service are discussed. ...
Abdul Aleem
...an and Biosphere (MAB) programme is a programme of research directed towards developing the basis within the natural and social sciences for the rational use and conservation of the resources of the biosphere, and for the improvement of the global relationship between man and the environment.
Because of its abiding concern for the conservation of renewable resources, the Pakistan Forest Institute hosted a semi...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...to prepare a three years programme of felling each year and get it approved by his conservator or chief conservator. The permissible deviation is generally 10%. The intermediate yields are usually prescribed by area and their volume estimated from past experience. Adequately stocked Reserved Forests growing on steep slopes vulnerable to soil erosion, and the guzara forests, are worked under the modified selection system. Felling of trees of exploitable ...

Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq

...professional development programs. These initiatives should aim to update EFS on the latest innovations in agricultural technology, sustainable farming methods and climate-resilient practices.

...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3 

...enting effective control programs. The objective of this study was to assess the current prevalence and risk factors for Toxocara spp. in cats. A total of 3695 fecal samples from cats of all ages, genders, breeds, clinical conditions, and origins, representing 31 out of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic, were included. Toxocara presence was assessed using the direct smear technique and Faust centrifugation-flotation with a 33% saturated solution of zinc su...

Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5

...agricultural development program officers. Simple descriptive statistics, multinomial regression, and principal factor analysis were used for data analysis. According to the survey, ADP officials perceive e-extension as a cost-effective method of extension advisory services that goes beyond the role of technology transfer to serve farm stakeholders and provide an efficient feedback mechanism. Determinants of ease of use were gender, age, educational background...

Tanvir Hussain*, Zahid Rauf, Mansoor Ali Khan and Khalid Hussain 

...es, two computer - based programs , were used to statistically evaluate the data. The findings indicated that there was a notable rise in yearly precipitation between 1921 and 2021, which had a substantial impact on the species ’ growth . Furthermore , precipitation was discovered to be a limiting factor for this species’ growth. From the results, it was concluded that blue pine growing under the prevailing climatic conditions of Shangla has good p...

Hamid Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Anas1*, Rozina Gul1, Waseem Ullah Shah1, Abdul Haleem2, Muneeb Ahamd Khan1, Muhammad Taimur1, Tahreem Shah1, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Noman Anjum1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...future chickpea breeding programs. The experimental material consisted of 45 chickpea genotypes tested over two years in the Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. Data was documented in terms of days of emergence, days to flower, plant height, pods per plant, seed per pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield, larval infestation, pod damage percentage and biological yield. The pooled analysis of vari...

Norsida Man1*, Shin Yee Siaw2, Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf2 and Siti Azizah3

...C) livestock integration program. A cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire, and 200 program breeders responded. Data collected was analysed using the SPSS software version 23.0. The survey found that respondents have positive views and high expectations of veterinary extension services, officers, and the DVS. The respondents agreed that veterinary extension is critical in cattle farming because farmers ...

Amaq Fadholly1,2*, Endang Tri Margawati1, Alek Ibrahim1 and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1

... Linear Model by SAS 9.4 program. The result showed that MC4R gene with HpyCH41V restriction enzyme was polymorphic with three genotypes of CC, CG and GG with frequencies of 0.18 (9), 0.32 (16) and 0.5 (25), respectively. The MY5 gene also showed three genotypes of AA, AG and GG with frequencies of 0.08 (4), 0.38 (19) and 0.54 (27), respectively. Association of the polymorphism both MC4R and MYF5 genes indicated highest body weight with GG genotype. Both of th...

Zuyang Zhou1, Xi He2, Yufang Liu1, Qiuling Li3, Pingqing Wang2, Yongfu An4, Ran Di1, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*

...arker-assisted selection programmers to improve milk fat percentage in Chinese dairy cattle.

...

Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam

... particularly restocking programs. These losses in genetic diversity present erosion of global biodiversity. The genetic status of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Indus River was assessed by using microsatellite markers. For the purpose, samples were collected from five selective Indus River sites, and DNA extraction was done by proteinase-K and standard phenol/chloroform DNA isolation method. Genomic DNA was PCR amplified by Labeo rohita cross-species ampl...

Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi1, Majeed Ajafar2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory2 * 

... weeks using the fasting program. All laying hens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each containing three replicates (8 chickens/ replicate). Hens in the first group were fed the basal diet without supplementation and served as the control (G1), while those in the 2nd (G2), 3rd (G3), 4th (G4), and 5th (G5) groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg manganese/kg of diet, respectively. The results showed that the G3...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Mouloud Lamtai1, Zineb El Marzouki1, Amal Dimaoui1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...own as “early-life programming.” These changes are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. While the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is implicated in depression, how changes in NO kinetics impact sex-dependent affective behaviors has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focuses on the effects of LPS-induced early immune challenge on NO release kinetics in the neonatal rat brain, as well as the link between these effects ...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...processed in the Minitab program, ANOVA and Dunnet. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the useful life of the product with respect to fungi, yeasts and mesophiles. In conclusion, results showed that the inclusion of 3ml, 5ml and 7ml of extract prolonged the shelf life without the presence of Coliforms and E. coli, reaching a durability of 21 days, however, at a higher concentration of garlic, acceptance decreased. The most wide...

Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams Al-Dean1*, Sura Shakir Hammoud2, Mohammedali J. Ghafil3

...The farm’s feeding programme was applied to the experimental animals as well. Ejaculate of the rams is divided into seven groups. For the investigation, only ejaculates with a weak motile function were chosen. Divided into four equal aliquots, each ejaculate was diluted using an Egg-Yolk-Citrate (EYC) extender penicillin, streptomycin, and distilled water to make a resulting in conc. of 4×108 sperm/ml. Six duplicates of the study were conducted for...

Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*

... subtype AI immunization programs adopted by Shanghai Zoo can enable wild birds such as pheasants, waterfowl, and waders to produce antibody titers that meet national standards. The current immunization program against ND can provide sufficient protection for pheasants and waterfowl, but in some wading birds fails to reach 100% due to different species, which needs to be verified in future work. Therefore, if necessary, the ...
Hussein Ali Naji1, Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny2, Zainab Abdul Hussein Saud3 and Wesssam Monther Mohammed Saleh1*
...d control and prevention program to reduce the morbidity caused by Schmallenberg virus. 
 
Keywords | Dairy cattle, Abortion, ELISA, Schmallenberg Virus, Sero-prevalence
...

Suparmin Fathan1*, Nibras K. Laya1, Safriyanto Dako1, Sayekti Handayani2, Siti R. Machieu3, Mohammad Z. Hippy3

...of the cattle assistance program and the policy factors of livestock development that influence the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program in Bone Bolango Regency. A total of 130 farmers were used for primary data collection through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Important Performance Analysis (IPA), and SEM-PLS were used to analyze data obtained. The results of this research indicate that the cattle assista...

Shiguftah Khalid1, Muhammad Jahanzaib2*, Haris Khurshid2, Rabia Khalid3, Sundas Waqar3, Faiza Siddique3, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3 and Zahid Akram1

...f traits in the breeding program.

...

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...agement Component (IFMC) programme under the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) aimed to enhance agricultural productivity among landless, marginal, and small farming households primarily by promoting agricultural growth and employment and enhancing the credibility of government extension services. The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of IFMC-beneficiary farmers towards government extension services as well as identify the socioeco...

Jennarong Kammongkun1, Doungnapa Promket2*

...s for selective breeding programs. Incorporating NPY polymorphisms into breeding strategies could boost productivity and efficiency in poultry farming. Future research should explore additional genetic factors influencing these traits.
 
Keywords | Growth performance, Morphology, Gene marker, Native chickens, Candidate gene, Economic trait
...

Devi Ermawati1, Panjono2, Sigit Bintara1, Ali Agus3, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto2, Bertha Yudistyra4, Rifai Mustofa4, Tety Hartatik1*

...signs in cattle breeding programs is highlighted in these findings.
 
 
Keywords | Brahman cross, Estrogen levels, Estrus signs, F1 Crossbreeding, Pregnancy, Repeat mating
...

Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*

...es an awareness campaign program and a greater extent of epidemiological investigation to control lumpy skin disease virus infection in Bangladesh.

...

Muhammad Ehsan Maqbool1*, Muhammad Nadeem Mushtaq1, Tamathues2, Khadija Tul Kubra1, Arish Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Shoaib Sarwar1, Zeeshan Yousaf3, Mudassar Yaseen1, Farwa Nosheen3

...ed pest management (IPM) programs to control these economically important pests. 
 
Novelty Statement | The current study represents the relationship between insect pest diversity and sustainable growth of the okra crop. It also fills a critical study gap by examining the impact of insect pests on this crop and promoting the development of new pest control techniques.
...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abdul Latief Toleng1, Hasrin Hasrin2, Abdullah Baharun3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah1,4, Santoso Santoso4, Rahmat Rahmat1

... reproductive management programs. In conclusion, both RTS and cervical mucus characteristics are important for predicting reproductive performance in Bali heifers, their interdependence is minimal. Therefore, integrating multiple evaluative criteria is essential for a comprehensive assessment of reproductive potential on Bali heifers. This approach will optimize breeding strategies and enhance productivity and sustainability of Bali heifer populations.
...

Bibigul Sansyzbayeva1, Sholpan Adylkanova1, Toleukhan Sadykulov1 and Koray Kırıkçı2*

...to the current selection program for the breed. 

...

Abid Hussain1*, Bilal Khan Yousafzai1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

... to develop policies and programs to target administrative divisions with low dietary diversity. It is found that consumption pattern of the people has changed to a substantial extent during the study period. Meat consumption has increased a little in urban areas (1.0%) and decreased to a considerable extent in rural areas (9.3%). Egg consumption has decreased by 30.3% and 24.6 % in urban and rural area, respectively. While, rise in consumption of both fruits ...

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

... and test a milk quality program to improve product quality and sales prices. We carried out an initial diagnosis of management practices and bacteriological quality of milk, followed by program implementation directed to project promoters and community members. We checked the bacteriological quality of milk and industry price on a monthly basis before and after implementation. After the introduction of the Milk Quality

Hakeem Jawad Kadhim1, Abbas Kamil Shlaga1*, Safaa Hussein Ali2 

...of intensive vaccination programs, many flocks still experience clinical signs of ND virus infection. In this study, we aimed to detect the ND virus and characterize the associated inflammatory response in naturally infected broilers. Utilizing RT-PCR, the expression of the matrix (M) gene of NDV and inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) genes were ...

Muhammad Waqas1*, Razia Bashir1, Khadija Munir1 and Muhammad Arshad2

...ounseling, and awareness programs in managing thalassemia major in the Central Punjab population.

...

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