Status of Wheat Germplasm Resistance Against Virulent Races of Leaf and Stripe Rust in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Status of Wheat Germplasm Resistance Against Virulent Races of Leaf and Stripe Rust in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1
ABSTRACT
Leaf and stripe rusts are the most destructive diseases of wheat all over the world. Although host genotype resistance and fungicides are used to combat crop diseases, evaluation of wheat germplasm is still needed to reduce disease management costs and to increase crop sustainability. For this purpose, screening of 42 different wheat varieties and advanced lines was conducted at the Research area of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad, during 3rd week of November 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 crop seasons. To monitor the changes of rust virulence pattern in the region, a set of rust trap nurseries consisting of 21 stripe (Yr) and 36 leaf rust (Lr) lines were grown in the Research Area of Plant Pathology Research Institute during the same cropping seasons. A total of 11 Genotypes viz., Ass-11, V-13266, V-11C023, V-12266, V-08203, V-12001, V-13001, Gandam-II, V-13270, V-13273 and AARI-11 indicated resistant (R) response against stripe rust of wheat with a lower area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values ranged from 68-102. In comparison, seven genotypes, including Ass-11, V-13266, V-11C023, V-12266, Gandam-II, V-13270 and V-13273 demonstrated resistant response against leaf rust severity during both crop seasons 2020-2021. Five linessuch as V-11098, V-12001, V-13001, and DH-31 demonstrated a moderately resistant response to leaf rust severity during both cropping seasons, while six genotypes including V11138, V-11C022, V-11098, DH-31, and Bhakhar-2002 indicated moderate resistance (MR) against stripe rust severity. Monitoring of rust pattern indicated no virulence for leaf rust (Lr) genes, i.e., 1, 10, 17, 18, 22a, 22b, 25, 27+31, 28 and Lr23+Gaza and stripe rust (Yr) genes such as Aoc–YrA, Aoc+YrA, 1, 2, Tatara, 8, 10, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 28, 29, Yrsp, Yrcv, and Super kauz. The study concluded that disease-resistant wheat genotypes, as well as Lr and Yr genes indicating a high level of resistance against leaf and stripe rust pathogens, are good sources for future breeding programmes.
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