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Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman

E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com

...n Brassica juncea L. cv. alankar was investigated. Forty-day-old pot plants were exposed to different concentrations of the insecticide, ranging from 0 to 40 grams active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i ha-1) through foliar spray. Analyses were done at days 3, 7, and 15 after treatment. Lipid peroxidation rates and contents of proline, ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GLU), antioxidative enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX...

Ali Tahmasebi1, Parvin Raji1*, Mostafa Kamali2

...back on static standing balance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) compared to normal children under altered sensory environment. Out of 30 participants in the study, 15 children were with spastic diplegic CP with mean age and body mass index of 7 ± 1.3 years and 14.70 ± 1.73 kg/m2 respectively and 15 normal children with mean age and body mass index of 7.2 ± 1 years and 14.83 ± 1.57 kg/m2. Children were instructe...

 Abdul Qahar and Bashir Ahmad

...-align: justify;"> Balanced nutrition is imperative for efficient nutrient management and has considerable role in enhancing crop yield. To study the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) on maize hybrids, field experiments were laid out at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Nitrogen (0, 250, 300, 350 kg ha-1) and Sulfur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) in main plots, whereas maize hybri...

Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro

Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*

...ituted serine with phenylalanine at 34th position of extracellular domain of GNRHR. The Ser34Phe mutation was manifested in phenotypic traits such as low concentrations of FSH, LH and T and delayed puberty. In conclusion, mutations in GNRHR may cause delay in male puberty in Pakistani population.

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G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2

...aline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Similarly, aluminium phosphide enhanced levels of AST, ALT and ALP as both concentration and time dependent in elevation were recorded when compared to the control. The use of aluminium phosphide in agricultural fields near water bodies should be strongly monitored in view of the observed effects on this catfish fish physiology. The use of aluminium phosphide near wat...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...significant elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine which indicate renal and liver damage. Concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu and zinc in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), indicating tubular damage in kidneys. 
...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...entification of G. expalanatum was carried out on the basis of size and shape of worm. The hematological and bile biochemical changes were found in two groups. Pathologically significant changes were observed in the infected tissue. The parasites had formed pocked in the bile duct mucosa, glandular hyperplasia, thickened blood vessels. The results demonstrate that morphological markers, pathological, hematological and bile biochemical studies are effect...

 Abdul Wajid Khalil and Zafar Iqbal

...usmn;0.08 g/100g), Phenylalanine (1.77±0.08 g/100g) were recorded higher in roots as compared to the aerial parts of B. procumbens. It is concluded that aerial parts may serve as a supplement for human diet as well as fodder for livestock. Detailed studies on amino acid of roots are recommended to determine and isolate compounds responsible for the specific therapeutic properties.

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Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
...d physiology provides a balance between leaf temperature, leaf energy exchange and photosynthesis. The experiment was undertaken to study the association of leaf related traits i.e. leaf area (LA), leaf angle position (LP), number of lobes per leaf (NL), leaf chlorophyll contents (SV), relative water content (RWC), leaf hairiness (HL), leaf color (LC) and yield related traits i.e. boll weight (BW), number of seeds per boll (NS), number of locules per boll (NLB...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...chemistry markers (serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease activated Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, while increase in the number of Bcl-2 positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the biochemistry markers levels were found. Group 4, given EA before D-GaIN, showed better results when comp...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
... (BCA) biocontrol agent balance, and energy balance, economics ~ each with several variables. We are also providing ground and prepare to provide PA –specific data to the farmers. By Return per Rupee invested Rice-Potato-Pumpkin1, Cucumber-Cabbage-Basella alba, and Groundnut–Brinjal+Brinjal sequences were suitable for resource-rich growers, whereas Okra-Chilli+Chilli2 , and Black gram–Parwal+Parwal sequence...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
... 7th day. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly (P<0.05) high in infected groups A and B. On 3rd, 5th and 9th day five birds from each group were slaughtered and histopathological lesions observed in bursa, spleen and thymus and compared with control. Mild to severe hemorrhages and lymphocytic depletion, follicle necrosis, leukocytic infiltration, cyst formation...
Süleyman Kök*
...oci (P<0.05) and non-balanced but the CAPN1 4751 loci (P>0.05) which did not display a significant difference. The Fis inbreeding coefficients being negative in the sample populations for CAST loci imply heterogeneity in CAST loci (P<0.001). The effective allele number and allele density are other criteria to show the spatial heterogeneity in a population. The average effective allele number (ne) per loci for TGC samples from the...
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
...arameters of the von Bertalanffy equation were found as Lt=34.71 [1-e–0.116(t+0.867)] for females and Lt=32.87 [1-e–0.127(t+0.717)] for males. The length-weight relationships were estimated to be WT= 0.0269 FL2.720 (R2=0.981) for females and WT= 0.0251 FL2.7535 (R2=0.983) for males. Weight increased negatively allometrical with the fork length for both sex. The average condition fact...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir* 
... in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 meq/kg and 0.166, 0.206, 0.246, 0.286, 0.326, 0.336%, respectively. Protein and energy values in all broiler starter rations were kept at 20% and 2800 kcal/kg, respectively. In second phase, six finisher rations (5-6 weeks) were formulated viz., control ration and five other rations having 0.10-0.74% levels of NaHCO3. The resulting dietary treatments were having ...
Quang Minh Dinh
...arameters of the von Bertalanffy curve of this fish were given as L= 24.15 cm, K = 0.53 yr-1 and t0 = –0.03 yr-1. The longevity (tmax) and the growth performance (Φ’) were 5.56 yrs and 2.50, respectively. The fishing, natural and total mortalities of this fish were 1.29 yr-1, 1.44 yr-1, and 2.73 yr-1, respectively, a...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...-fitted by using Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations. Instantaneous growth rates and growth acceleration of Yangtze voleat different densities were calculated. Results showed that at different stages, the growth of the pups was density-dependent, while during the adult age, was independent of the presence of other individuals. The difference of hind foot length (HFL) between groups was not significant from day 21 while the body weight (BW) difference was si...

Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4 

...lusmn;0.01 µmol/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 35.56±1.16iu/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 44.16±1.83 iu/L were recorded for adult birds while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were significantly (P<0.05) higher 104.86±16.39 iu/L in grower birds. Similarly, the rearing systems also influenced biochemical parameters of M. gallopavo and significantly (P<0.05) higher values for cholesterol 6.18±0.07mmol/L and ALT...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool3, Fatima Ahmed4, Saiqa Tabassum3,6, Syeda Madiha3, Tahira Perveen3 and Saad Bilal Ahmed5
... hyper-lipidemias and imbalance in the steroidal sex hormones may result in the development of cysts in the ovaries with resultant difficulties in reproduction. The present study was done on 75 rats divided randomly in 5 equal groups fed with rat chow, caged chicken meat, uncaged chicken meat, raw spinach and soybean for a period of six weeks. The levels of plasma cholesterol, progestril, estradiol, and androgens were estimated at the end of the experiment. Th...

Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*

...o prepare nutritionally balanced baby foods from indigenous food materials utilizing home cooking methods and evaluate the sensory attributes and shelf life at ambient conditions. Four different recipes of baby foods were developed containing 50% cereals, 30% legumes, 10% vegetables and 10% nuts and seeds. Different processing methods cleaning, washing, germination of pulses, peeling, cutting and blanching of vegetables, drying, roasting, grinding and mixing o...

Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*

...over normal supplies, imbalanced use of fertilizers particularly of DAP fertilizer below the recommended doses, higher prices of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, diesel, electricity and less wheat prices during 2006-07 and late announcement of the minimum guaranteed wheat price for 2007-08 were the main reasons of lower wheat production in 2007-08. To enhance the wheat yield, farmers were of the view that the timely availability of quality inputs (seed, fertil...

Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**

...fic points of view, the balance feed technology works reliably in improving livestock productivity. Breakeven Point, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV) were calculated for investment appraisal of the feed mills. Assessment of the intervention based on the farmers’ perception regarding the acceptability and compatibility of the balance feed was done through survey of the participating and fellow f...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...ase (P<0.05) in serum alanine aminotrasferase, aspartate transaminase and blood urea nitrogen as compared to isoflurane anesthesia; whereas, no statistical difference (P>0.05) was observed for alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and bilirubin between the two groups. Heart rate, blood pressure and saturation of oxygen were decreased in both groups but this decline was significantly lesser (P<0.05) in isoflurane administered group compared to xylazine-keta...

 Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*

EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...lated to the internal imbalance of growth regulators and other physiological factors. Plant growth regulating hormones like gibberellic acid (GA ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone and/ 3 or coupled with girdling operations may improve cropping potential of existing olive varieties in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was envisaged on olive trees to explore possibilities of inducing fruitfulness through the use of hormones and girdling...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad and Ijaz Ashraf** 

ROLE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS IN ENHANCING SKILLS OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... followed by timely and balanced use of fertilizers and nd rd using recommended seed rate, which were ranked 2 and 3 with mean value 3.08 and 3.05, respectively. While, skill improvement in plant protection especially in the area of insect pests identification was ranked st 1 with mean value 3.22 closely followed by insect pests control by local nd rd recipes and their mass killing which were ranked 2 and 3 with mean values 3.03 and 2.84, respectively. Likewis...

 Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***

SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...es disturb the delicate balance of allocated decisions of household monthly expenditures. Several past studies in Pakistan have been committed on determining household consumer's characteristics on requirement for specific kinds of food; however less consideration has been devoted to the parameters of household food expenditures. Present study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors effecting total food expenditures of households in rural area of Rawalpindi...
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3

 

...s crucial for the fluid balance of birds. This function may be related to the structure of the nose of flying birds. For this reason, we decided to analyze the nasal structure of two different birds using volume and volume fraction approach of the stereology. In this study, 14 seagulls and 7 storks were examined and volume fractions of the nasal cavity and nasal structures were estimated. Heads of animals were scanned in computed tomography. The images were sa...
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
... blood urea nitrogen and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased compared to CON group at 42d in broilers. Serum globulin content (21d) and total protein content (42d) were lower in T2 group than that of CON group. Serum total antioxidant capacity was higher and malondialdehyde content was lower in T1 group than that of CON group at 21d. Serum glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was significantly increased in T1 group compared to CON group at ...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
... help to formulate more balanced diets for F1 Dorper × Hu ewe lambs in the growth phase of 35 to 50 kg BW.
...

Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4 

...mination due to lack of balance between its exploitation and recharge has posed a serious menace on its utilization for various purposes. Current study was conducted in District Karak during June to November, 2009 with the objectives to assess the changes in groundwater table depths due to withdrawal and the water quality parameters and to find the effect of small dams on recharge of ground water aquifer. Water table depths data from the ground surface, discha...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...(MMF), Logistic, Von-Bertalanffy and Janosheck models, based on monthly records of body weight from birth to 1 year in Daera Din Panah (DDP) goat. Based on coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJUSTED) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. Janosheck model was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE (0.124). Growth related paramet...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1

Azhar Mehmood1,2,*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem2, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Tasawer Abbas4, Ali Zohaib2, Hafiz Tassawar Abbas

...text-align: justify;">Imbalance use of nutrients is one of the main reasons of low yield of the sunflower. The use of essential macro and micronutrients in the right proportion and optimum quantity is the key factor to boost and sustain the crop productivity. Among plant nutrient deficiencies, nitrogen and boron limitation is the most prevailing problem in the world, which is involved in the decline of sunflower production. Therefore, a field experiment was co...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
...ood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The current study demonstrated the ascertained value in amniotic fluid for glucose, total protein and albumin at day 18, 25 and 28 was 42.9±0.80, 37.4±0.90, 36.5±0.88mg/dl; 17.9±0.30, 16.1±0.22, 13.9±0.34g/l; 13.9±1.6,11.5±0.75, 8.8±0.15g/I whereas that of creatinine, triglyceride, BUN, ALT and AST at the correspo...

Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1* 

...old broilers were fed a balanced ration with addition of thyme (0.25%) or clove (0.125%). Birds were then challenged with CP (1×108 CFU) together with another 2 groups without EOs at 15 days of age. Starting from 3 days’ post infection (DPI), the second 2 set of birds without EOs addition were fed ration containing 0.25% and 0.125% thyme and clove oils as treatment in comparison to an antibiotic control group using for 5 days. The results showed th...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,* 
...activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the serum along with decrease in level of antioxidant enzymes and significantly increase in the MDA contents in TD afflicted chickens compared to control group. The SM administration to TD affected birds significantly ameliorated lameness, stimulated ALP level with a decrease in ALT and AST contents, increase in antioxidant parameter and decrease in MDA c...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Irshad Khan Abbasi2, Muhammad Tariq2, Jawad Ali3, Melad Karim4 and Rizwan Ahmad1 

...icultural land. Shigari Kalan watershed is one of the water sheds located in Skardu, Northern Pakistan, which also contributes to River Indus flowing to Pakistan. The aim of instant research is to evaluate the correlation amid temperature and the rate of glacier/snow melt which could have future implications for water availability in the River Indus flowing into Pakistan for which data pertaining to snow/glacier melt from the Shigari K...

Fatma Abdallah1*, Ola Hassnain2, Elsayed Attar3, Haytham Ali3,5, Mohamed Megahed1 and Venugopal Nair

Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...am was dominated by the calanoid paracalanidae and the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. In the lower salinity transects, the tintinnid Favella serrata dominated the estuary midstream, together with several rotifer species in the estuary upstream. The juvenile copepods and the cyclopoid Oithona spp. together with the numerically dominant polychaete and cirriped larvae seemed little affected by salinity ...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
... toe (along the distal phalanx) at day of hatch; the first and third toes were declawed in the group 3, while the second and fourth ones were trimming in group 4. They were caged with the same batch of non-declawed hens. Compared with intact control, laying rate was significantly increased in groups 3 and 4, while percentage of defective eggs was visibly decreased in group 3. Hatching experiment showed a considerable depression in egg fertility and hatchabilit...
Fouzia Hadi Ali1, Farhat Naz2, Aban Abid Qazi3
 
...are sector is work-life balance (WLB). However, it is futile to study WLB in isolation, the literature suggests that positive psychological capital (PPC) triggers WLB. Moreover, WLB also assists in enhancing vitality at work that in turn improves WP. Therefore, this study intends to examine the sequential mediation of WLB and vitality at work between the relationship of positive psychological capital and WP.
Methods: A cross-sectional study ...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
...besity are disorders of balance of energy affecting people of various ethnic groups, age and socio–economic statuses. It has been found that obesity is closely associated and correlated with hypertension. Preventive strategies for obesity may offer a cost-effective approach towards lowering blood pressure.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of obesity according to body mass index and waist hip ratio and its relationship with hypert...
Muhammad Nusrullah*1, Muhammad Younus2 and Yasir Nasir3
...r determining acid base balance of the body. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by chronic airflow limitation which is not fully reversible and it can lead to respiratory failure.
Objective: To determine the correlation between arterial and venous blood gases in patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of...
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
... creating osmotically imbalance and suffocation of fishes. Additionally, due to low pH, huge mucous covered the gills filaments which might have created difficulties for respiration. Thus, the fish killing incident might have occurred by synergetic effects of different physico-chemical factors.
...

Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan

...e and the remaining was balanced form inorganic source for supplying a total K of 80 kg ha-1. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was used. Hybrids were allotted to main plots and K ratios to subplot. Analysis of the data showed that crop phenology, growth, and yield of maize were significantly affected by both hybrids and potassium ratios. Maize hybrids and potassium ratios did differ in crop phenology (days to emergence, tasseling, s...

Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3 

... of farmyard manure and balanced inorganic fertilizer (Nitrogen + Phosphorus) gave significant yield production in terms of grain and biological yield in clay soil 

...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

... use will be higher and balance among nutrients application will improve. The Imposition of uniform tax rate of 2% will reduce fertilizer cost for production of major crops by; 18% for wheat, 13% for rice, 20% each for cotton and sugarcane. Modest increase in crop productivity by just 5% could result in additional production of major crops (wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and maize) of worth Rs. 111.57 billion. While, existing production levels of major crops ...

Ijaz Iqbal1, Maqsooda Parveen1 and Zafar Mahmood2* 

...known as the resolvable balanced incomplete block design. An algorithm is presented to construct diallel cross design through resolvable balanced incomplete block design, which is established via cyclic shifts. Construction of diallel cross designs using the proposed approach is illustrated with an example. A list of efficient diallel cross design under resolvable balanced incomplete block...

Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1 

...eficiencies, hormonal imbalances, ion toxicity as well as osmotic and oxidative anxiety. The most effective mechanism is the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites at cellular level which included organic compounds that help plants to cope with stress conditions by reducing the intensity of stress through enhancing antioxidants activities, detoxifying toxic ions, regulating the uptake of nutrients and by mediating the transport and distribution of different hor...
Ghazunfar Rashid1, Muhammad Avais1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Rais Ahmed3,*, Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque4, Mehtab Ahmad5Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Naimat Ullah Khan6
...h a fodder containing a balanced nitrogen contents produce high quality milk. Excess use of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil cause excess accumulation of nitrates in fodder, which is the main source of nitrate poisoning in dairy animals. In the present study nitrate contents in fodder crops, viz., Sorghum bicolor (Jowar), Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra), Zea mays (Makai), Avena sativa (Jai), Brassica rapa (Shaljam) and B...
Tevfik Ceyhan1,*, Osman Samsun2 and Okan Akyol1
...s. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters with standard errors were L= 55.74 ±26.75 cm, K= 0.28 ±0.42, and t0=-1.68 ±2.02. Natural, fishing and total mortality of the garfish were 0.47, 0.69 and 1.16, respectively. The current study revealed that about 68% of the fish caught were of size smaller than the first maturity length. In addition, exploitation rate was found to be higher than optimum. On the o...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
.../i> and silver shark Balanitiocheilos melanopterus. The health status of these fishes ranged from being healthy, moribund and infected. The parasites observed from these fish were: seven protozoans species (Chilodonella sp, Trichodina sp; Ichthyobodo sp. Epistylis sp. Tetrahymena sp. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Piscinoodinium pillulare;); three monogeneans species including (Dactylogyrus extensus...

Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*

Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats

 Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3

Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
...> biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology
revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion
of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant
increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of exposed fish as compared to contro...

Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir

...e (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor, thus avoiding penalties on agricultural industry. Switched Capacitors and Voltage Regulators are used to cope with such a situation. Regulators results in higher line currents thus resulting in excessive losses in addition to voltage sag problems. On the other hand, static capacitors can tackle the reactive VARs, but in steps only. Thus, a real time solut...
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...istic, Brody and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted to average monthly body weight data of (n = 412) Mengali sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births (single and twin). The overall goodness of fit was checked by calculating Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) and the square of correlation (R2) between observed body weight and the predicted value’s marginal density means. The DIC and R
Muhammad Saqib Shahzad1, Amina Arif1,*,Saeeda Kalsoom2, Javed Iqbal3, Shahnam Shafique2, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem4 and Rafique Ahmed5
...e groups, viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were recorded and analyzed for rapid virologic response (RVR), non-rapid virologic response (NRVR), sustained virologic response (SVR) and non-sustained virologic response (NSVR). Among the evaluated patients RVR was found among 81.5% and NRVR among 18.5%. Out of RVR patients, SVR was found in majority (80.2%). However, among NRVR equal percentage of SVR and NSVR was found. An inverse association o...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4  

...ture creates a delicate balance between living and non-living elements of the environment known as ecosystem and biodiversity. Any disruption in this balance may result catastrophic effect on the environment including impact on plant, animal and human life. Hence, efforts to maintain a healthy biodiversity through conservation are needed. Since the life is passing through the time of global warming and climate variation, new...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...he enzymes such as ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, urea, lipids, cholesterol and protein contents both in the liver and blood while DNA and RNA contents only in liver. The administration of CCl4 resulted in increase in plasma ALAT and decrease in LDH. Vitamin E pre-treatment abolished CCl4-induced changes in the activities of these ...
Catherine J. Allen
...ctivity in a precarious balance. Although, at the national level, these notions of well-being often are honored in the breach, by articulating and promoting alternate notions of well-being, sumak kawsay and suma qamaña may have cracked open a door to a fundamental reshuffling of priorities.

...
James Maffie
...estined to succumb to imbalance-induced total destruction. They perceived human beings’ hold on life in these circumstances as inescapably “slippery” and thus fraught with hardship, pain, suffering, sorrow, hunger, disease, and death. Stubbornly refusing to surrender to despair, Aztec philosophers (tlamatinimeh) responded with what they called toltecayotl or “the art of living wisely and well.” Toltecayotl enjoined h...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...sign a strategy for the balanced usage of water resources for urban uses and agriculture. For such purpose, Precipitation regions were recognized in river Indus basin in Pakistan by examining the rainfall frequencies with the help of global wavelet power spectra. Records from 52 rain gauges were studied and the outcomes of the whole power spectra exhibited a low annual frequency all over the basin; whereas additional frequencies are present with major signific...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2* 

...dy area which comprise avalanches, landslides and floods. These disasters inflict a heavy damage to the livelihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply short-term coping strategies by spending limited means and hard-earned cash reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the stud...
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
...ds (Morna, Saen, Kakka Bralanwala and Anmol) from local horse breeders of Punjab province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and amplified by PCR using 40 RAPD primers. PCR products were separated on an agarose gel electrophoresis and scoring of bands was performed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA method to determine the genetic similarity among the horse breeds. Thoroughbred and Arab horse breeds showed a higher similarity with Pakis...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...Gompertz, Brody, Von Bertalanffy and Logistic growth models were employed on the basis of nonlinear least squares and Bayesian methods. Using the monthly body weight data of 2070 weight records of Thalli sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births(single and twin), the estimates of parameters and their credible intervals were obtained from posterior distributions. The overall goodness of fit of classical method was ...

Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

...g important role in the balanced diet and sustenance of Pakistani household therefore this study recommends promoting of chicken and fish production in both the rural and urban regions of Pakistan.  

...

Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman 

...n whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. 

...

Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang 

...n disrupts the internal balance and dictate the host-pathogen niches. For absolute survival, proliferation, and propagation inside the host cell, viruses modulate certain metabolic pathways to destabilize the host metabolism. These alterations in host metabolic signaling as a result of virus-host interaction generate a favorable environment for the viral pathogens. This phenomenon is a hotspot for investigations in order to improve the diagnosis and drug devel...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...negligens, Clausocalanus furcatus, Lucicutia flavicornis, Pleuromamma indica and Haloptilus longicornis).
...
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
... maintaining ecological balance. Moreover, through enhanced comprehensive pest control, sustainable development of the sugar industry will be promoted.

 

...
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3

Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1 

... and B had similar serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels as group D. The serum malondialdehyde and catalase levels were similar in groups A--D. Therefore, treatment with the probiotics, while enhancing clearance of trypanosomes did not improve the antioxidative and clinical outcome of the infection. 

...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
..., hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total protein (g/dl), albumin (g/dl), creatinine (mg/dl) and urea. However, white blood cells (WBCs), globulin and total lipids were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased by increasing the replacement level of DOP. Total lipids values decreased by increasing the replacement levels of DOP more than 25% (R2) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma, regarded as a biomark...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
... down swimming, lake of balance, restlessness, swimming side-wise, retardation of opercular movement and quick sudden movements. The fish was anesthetized and liver were removed after 48 and 96 hours for histopathologicalstudies. The histopathological changes observed in liver were degeneration of hemopoietic tissue, destruction of hepatocytes, degeneration of bile duct, inflammatory infiltration, vacuolization, pyknosis, presence of MMCs and necrosis in hepat...
Muhammad Usman Akhtar1,2, Abdul Qayum3, Anshan Shan1,*, Shuli Chou1, Hyeonsoo Jo4, Syed Waqas Ali Shah4 and Ishfaq Muhammad5
...digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and milk yield of lactating Beetal goats. Thirty five lactating Beetal goats were randomly divided into five groups (seven goats per group) in a randomized complete block design. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% RDP of dietary protein represented as 30RDP, 40RDP, 50RDP, 60RDP and 70RDP, respectively. Feed intake was recorded, nutrient digestibil...
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*

 

...abolizing enzyme, and imbalances of its expression may cause liver tissue damage. At present, few studies on CYP1A1 methylation and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury are available. Studying the relationship between CpG island methylation in the CYP1A1 promoter region and drug-induced liver injury is, therefore, of great importance. Anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells was investigated. Dehydrogenase activity was detected by...
Hande Kucukonder1, Pinar Celebi Demirarslan1*, Sezai Alkan2 and Özgür Baris Bırgul3
... consistent than Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic and can be used as an alternative to nonlinear regression models in growth analysis.
...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
...nsaminase (246-308 U/L), alanine amino transferase (31-58 U/L) and blood urea nitrogen (11.21-22.58 mg/dl). 
...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...ents, serum Electrolyte balance was measured through spectrophotometric procedure. Serum MDA level jump high in patients (14.19) as compared to normal subjects (3.26). Serum Glutathione declined in disease persons (0.56) from healthy subjects (6.39). Serum Micronutrients level was also declined in RA patients as compared to healthy persons and substantial statistically (P=0.000). Serum Nitric Oxide jump high in patients (32.11) than normal persons (15.2). Abno...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
... aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was detected in all milk samples of the Group B, C, and D in concentration higher than 0.05 ppb. The AFB1 was excreted in milk as metabolite AFM1 @ 1.35-1.59%. Udder health and milk quality deteriorated as SCC and TVC increased. Levels of serum enzymes AST and ALT increased with ingestion of dietary AFB1. It is concluded that ingestion of very low...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...eased enzymatic level of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a significant increase in bilirubin levels in BP group. Significant raised patterns were recorded for urea and creatinine in BP intoxicated mice against control. Histological defects observed were necrosis, pyknosis, increased sinosuidal spaces, portal hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, abnormal vascular pole in liver and kidney respectively. But wh...
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
...hat, PAT causes elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and significantly increases serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) but decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. On the other hand, in patuilin injected rats and treated with ginger, the activity of ALT, AST and SOD were improved and level of MDA was decreased significantly. The liver and kidney tissues showed markers of improvement after tre...

Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees

...="text-align: justify;">Balanced human diet is a prerequisite for health and vegetables supply the food nutrients needed for the balanced human diet. More than 36 varieties of vegetables are grown on large scale in Pakistan. Among different provinces of Pakistan, Punjab holds the largest share of 63 and 74% in vegetables’ area and production, respectively. Peri-urban vegetable production is gaining importance in all ov...
Guoan Yin1,2, Lei Wang1, Xiaoyu Zhao1, LangchaoYu1, Liwei Guan1 and 
Dapeng Huang1,2*
...iology and psychology imbalances, and postpartum behavioral pattern of sows is related closely with piglet mortality. However, few studies have focused on effects of pregnancy and lactation environments on Postures of primiparous sows during lactation. This study has investigated the postures of lactating primiparous sows raised in the crates or free pens during pregnancy and lactation. Total 12 gilts were reared in three types of environments r...
Sevil Demirci*, Aydın Demirci and Emrah Şimşek
...acteristics were von Bertalanffy, Logistic, Richards, and Gompertz growth models. Growth type of Randall’s threadfin bream has rapid property; hence the fish population may be continued increasing in the Iskenderun Bay and other of Eastern Mediterranean regions.
...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, You Bing Yang, Xu Wang, Heng Cao, Xue Yan Fu and Yu Qin Wang
...hich coding the same aa, alanine, indicating C155T was a synonymous mutation site. The C624T mutation site of GHSR-4 gene led to a code change from CTT to CCT, and the corresponding aa changed from leucine to proline, which was a missense mutation site.
...
Fatima Hashim Abbas1,2* and Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi1
... any disturbance in the balance between antioxidants and oxidants in favor of the later can cause serious problems such as abortion. So the investigation of the oxidants/antioxidants status during early stages of pregnancy is urgently needed to help us solving such health issues. In this current study, One hundred and thirteen aborted women (73 known causes group, 40 unknown group) and control group (23 normal delivery women (control positive), 10 normal unmar...
Nazia Qamar1,2*, Sher Khan Panhwar2 and Wang Ping1
...ated by applying von Bertalanffy model. Higher natural mortalities (M) for E. styliferus and M. monoceros and fishing mortalities for P. stylifera was estimated. Biological reference points or Fishing limitations (Flimitation) for three species was beyond proposed limit of exploitation rate of 0.5 indicates that resource have been reached maximum sustainable yield. A persistent recruitment pattern for three species recorded with...

Shazia Mansoor1, Muhammad Sohail2*, Saima Aslam3 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam4 

...ere recorded on digital balance and body condition score was calculated (1-5) on weekly basis. Bodily changes of ewes were significantly higher in group B (1.73±0.13 kg/week) followed by group A (1.22±0.07 kg/week) and group C (0.85±0.03 kg/week). The similar pattern was found for birth weight of lambs (group B > group A > group C). Least growth rate of lambs was observed in group C (0.46±0.02) followed by group A (0.75±...

Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2 

...ss that which involves balancing many factors in order to obtain satisfactory results. It causes ultrastructural, biochemical and functional damage to the spermatozoa leading to reduced motility, viability, impaired transport and fertility. Caprine sperms are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation compared to other species which is mainly attributed to the compositional variation of the sperm plasma membrane. Different factors affect affects the semen cryop...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
...r tissue pathologies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities changed, indicating the occurrence of liver injury. Compared with the baseline group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in each drug group gradually increased, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gradually decreased, suggesting that oxidative stress reaction occurred in all drug groups. Compared with the baseline group, the mRNA and protein lev...
Shaista Abbas1,Imtiaz Rabbani1, Hafsa Zaneb2, M. Shahbaz Yousaf1, Saima Ashraf2, Abid Hussain Shahzad3, M. Afzal Rashid4 and Habib Rehman1,*
...ate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase remained unchanged amongst the groups during the transition period. In conclusion, dietary yeast supplementation has resulted in better DMI and has a potential to improve the ability of Beetal goats to counteract the metabolic stress imposed by the transition period.
...

Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza

...fect, and nutritional imbalance. The fertilizer behavior in salt stress conditions is quite different as compared to the normal soils. Linseed is an important oil seed crop. Its 50 % yield reduction occurs at ECe 5.9 dSm-1 and ESP value of 25-30. A field experiment was conducted on saline sodic soils to determine fertilizer requirement of linseed. The selected field was saline sodic in nature with pH value 8.57, medium in extractable K and scarce in P and orga...

 Khizar Azam*, Abdul Shakoor*~ Afzal Khan*, Riaz Akbar Shah*~ Shaukat Ali Shah·

IDENTIFICATION OF VITAL VEHICLE MECHANICAL DEFECTS CAUSING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
...les lacked annual wheel balancing and annual wheel alignment respectively. About 61% ofthe vehicles inspected had wheel related defects and

 Muhammad Shaheen*, Muhammad Shahbaz*, Zahoor ur Rehman* and Sajid Mehmood*

A METHOD OF DATA MINING FOR SUSTAINABLE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION
...;">Sustainability needs balance in ecology, economy and social justice. The world in this century is badly suffered by unsustainable development causing recession crisis, manpower crisis etc. Energy is vital for economy of a country so it has sound impact on sustainable development. In any country energy is explored to meet consumption requirements and it is consumed in accordance with available reserves. In Pakistan, hydrocarbons are consi...

Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh 

...rial imported from New Zealand for better agronomic characters and improved fodder yield. For initial two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) selections were made, and head-to-row method was used to reduce hetrozygosity. In 2009-10 and 20010-11, this line was evaluated in preliminary yield trials, where it produced average 80.71 tha-1 green fodder yield while S-2000 produced 67.13 tha-1 (16.82% more green fodder yield than check). In terms of dry matter 20.100% increa...

Zahir Shah1*, Saima Munawar1, Ihsan Ullah2, Taif Shah3, Haq Aman Ullah1, Saqib Nawaz1, Farhan Anwar Khan1 and Manoj Kumar Shah4

Combined Physico-chemical and Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture Plus Clonidine in Goats
...ne, blood urea nitrogen, alanine/aspartate aminotransferase activities, and hematological variables for differently treated groups were insignificant. In conclusion, EA combined with a low dose of 10µg/kg of clonidine provided better analgesia in experimental animals.

...
Nihat Tekel1, Seyrani Koncagül2, İlkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Şireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
...tive Exponential and Bertalanffy in order to describe the growth of Awassi male lambs (n=120) at the age of 10 months. The coefficient of determination values estimated for Brody, Negative Exponential and Bertalanffy models were 0.9523, 0.6094, and 0.9428 R2 for the first-time interval (0-90 days of age), 0.9866, 0.9743 and 0.9797 R2 for the second time interval (0-180 days of age) and 0.9924, 0.9853 an...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
...squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Arabian Sea.
...
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
...73.3±1071.9ng/mL, alanine transaminase 117.12±32.001U/L, aspartate transaminase 84.77±18.223U/L and bilirubin 1.02±0.139mg/dL. CBC of control group revealed that all of the studied parameters were normal in them and BTM patients showed significant deviation from control in both hematological and hepatic profile (P < 0.05). Examination for secondary complications revealed that Pallor sign was observed in 79.6% of patients, followe...
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
...arameters of the von Bertalanffy growth functions include growth coeffient (K) = 0.48 year-1, theoretical asymptotic maximum size (TD∞) = 8.2 cm and hypothetical age at length zero (t0)= -0.55 year. The longevity was calculated to be 5.7 years. The natural mortality coefficient was found to be 1.584 year-1. Further detailed studies on biological/ecological parameters of E. mathaei are needed for bette...
Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz*, Azhar Rafique and Asma Ashraf
...oides (350). In Bahawalanagar Wildlife Park, 4 species of endo-parasites were found (Eimeria = 1450, Strongyloides = 550, Heterakis = 350 and Hymenolepsis = 550). Levamisole was more efficient against endo-parasites as compared to Albandazole. Efficacy of Levamisole at Lahore, Murree and Bahawalnagar wildlife parks after 15 days was 98.36%, 92.85% and 84.48% respectively as compared to Albandazole whose efficacy was 94.53%, 78.5...
Chen Zeng1,2, Baosuo Liu1,4, Kecheng Zhu1,4, Liang Guo1,2, Huayang Guo1,4, Nan Zhang1,4, Quan Yang1,3, Jing Wen Yang1,4 and Dianchang Zhang1,4*
...gistic, Gompertz and Bertalanffy, were used in the study to fit and analyse the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the fish at the age of 2-8 months. The results showed that the three nonlinear curves could fit the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the P. teira well, and the fitting degree was above 0.99. Considering various factors of the models, the Gompertz model had the best fi...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1

Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
...eld plant-1(g). Using Mahalanobis D2 analysis, these parameters were assembled into seven clusters. Among these clusters, cluster I and VII were largest each having nine and eight genotypes respectively, followed by cluster VI having seven genotypes. According to the illustrations by using hierarchical cluster analysis, total genotypes were grouped in seven clusters with 11 genotypes in cluster VI after that cluster II comprising 9 genotypes. The random distri...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...s. Highest percentage of alanine (24.72%) and aspartic acid (17.83% and 14.57%) were observed in dried single cell microbial protein produced on sugarcane molasses, orange peels and apple waste, respectively. Soybean meal protein source in broilers ration was replaced by SCMP. The level of antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Vaccine was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than all treated groups. Higher antibody titre was recorded for group C (6g/Kg) (HI≥...
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
... Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) on Lagerstroemia indica have been given. Studies suspected that C. notata parasitizes the immature of Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) like other reported species of this genus. Main diagnostic characters, brief description, morphometrics and illustrations are provided. Comparison of recorded species with type species has been provided. World distribution and distribution in Pakistan has been gi...
Kartika Noerwijati1*, Sholihin Sholihin1, Tinuk Sri Wahyuni1, Rohmad Budiono2, Nguyen Van Minh3, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi4, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile5 and Lulu Husna6
 
 
... Kepanjen sub-district, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Clones that selected in this study were 1,016 clones from 42 families. Cassava selection in the early stages involved a large number of clones, therefore cluster analysis (the K-means cluster analysis method) was carried out to classify clones based on tuber yield and harvest index and to facilitate the selection process. The aim of this study wasto select high yielding cassava clones as selection material ...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Nadia Mangrio1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2, Ghulam Sughra Mangrio3, Nihaluddin Mari4, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
 
 
...lizers in Pakistan is imbalanced and inappropriate. It is very important to use proper doses of balanced fertilizers to exploit the maximum yield potential of cane crop. This study focused on hypothesis that application of suitable planting methods and NPK level play a major role in improving sugarcane yield and quality. Experiment was performed under field conditions at Sugarcane Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakista...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
...ticus, an acanthocephalan was recovered. There was 72% infection prevalence. The result also revealed that both BTEX and PAHs were accumulated in the body of the parasite. Two components of BTEX, (1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene) and five PAH congeners-Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were not detected in the parasite. Total BTEX and PAH concentrations in the parasite was 47.45&p...
Bram Brahmantiyo1,*, Henny Nuraini2,3, Astari Wibiayu Putri3, Maizirwan Mel4,5 and Cecep Hidayat6 
 

...and eight bucks of New Zealand white). The age of the rabbits evaluated in this experiment was rabbits with age 20 wk old. The mean birth weight for Hyla was 53.6 g + 7.5 g, Hycole was 51.6 g + 9.9 g, and NZW was 54.4 g + 10.7 g. This experiment was carried out for 3 mo. The feed used during the experiment was commercial feed. A complete randomized design with unbalanced data analysis was used for quantitative traits and des...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3, Waqas Raza1* and Mahmood Ahmad Randhawa4

...cine, tyrosine and phenylalanine contents in three (Pb-91, C-44 and Bittle-98) chickpea cultivars increased after induction and stress of A. rabiei and comparatively higher than induced unstressed plants. The increase was more evident in case of Bion treatment as compared to all other treatments with SA and KOH. Similar trend was shown by plant extracts where in neem extract induced higher amino acid contents. The cultivar C-44 responds efficiently as compared...

Muhammad Musa1*, Muhammad Riaz Gondal2, Aaqib Riaz3, Sikander Hayat2 and Iftikhar Haider1

...th March could enable a balance between fodder yield and seed yield, resulting in higher income. Temperature ranging from 15 0C to 38 0C and relative humidity ranging from 60.70 to 38.69 % is required for successful completion of vegetative and reproductive phases of berseem.

...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...1) was recorded in total alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver and urea, and creatinine levels in kidneys, in Al exposed groups against control. In Al + antidote groups these deviations were less significant (P≤0.05). However, these morphometric and biochemical alterations improved to a great extent when onion extract was co-administered with Al. So it is concluded that Al caused morphological and bioc...

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

...lation of nutritionally balanced diets for fish, poultry and livestock.
...

Barış Bayraklı

... followed by glycine and alanine, respectively. The mean DHA/EPA ratio was calculated as 0.52±0.031. Moreover, the ratio of ω-6:ω-3 ratio was determined as 1:2.92. AI, TI, PI, h/H, and FLQ indexes were calculated as 0.30, 0.22, 1.97, 3.52, and 25.50, respectively. E. verrucosa can be recommended for a healthy diet according to its high protein and low-fat content, high AAS, CS, MSAAS, EPA-DHA, and ω-3/ω-6 levels...

Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda1 and Abdul Salam2

... their calorie intakes, balanced diet, and adequacy of micronutrients. The results call for coherent public policy interventions and programs to tackle food and nutrition insecurity and achieving zero hunger.

...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
...sus macrocarpa) and galangal (Alpinia officinarum) against Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Also, changes in gene expression levels of chitinase genes (SFch-1, SFch-2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor gene (SFbtl) were demonstrated. Cell sensitivity assay (MTT) showed that golden piller was more toxic than galangal in cell viability tests and more potent in the cell growth inhibition. The calculate...
Xiangzu Wang,1,2 Jifeng Xi,1,2 Bin Jia,1,* Yongsheng Zhang,1 Chaocheng Li1
... the kidney through the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation.
...

Mai A. Kilany1; Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1; Yousry E. Abo El-magd2 and Nermin Raafat2.

...con-version of valine to alanine at amino acid 16 within the mitochondrial signaling se-quence. This study was designed to investigate the association of MnSOD gene SNP (Val16Ala) with HCV and HCV-related HCC to elucidate its possible role in patho-genesis of HCC. The study included sixty individuals; they were classified into three groups; 20 patients with hepatitis C virus infection, 20 patients with hepatitis C virus-related HCC and 20 unrelated healthy vol...

A. A. Rezk1,3, K. A. Alhudaib2 and A. M. Soliman2,3

...ed by injecting to New Zealand white rabbit using 6 injections at weekly intervals intravenously and subcutaneous. The rabbit blood was collected by bleeding and the antiserum was obtained. IgG was purified and conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The conjugated antiserum was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The conjugated antisera that prepared in this study were succeeded to detect the virus in infected plants.

...
Atta Muhammad Memon1, Ubedullah Kaka2*, Muhammad Umer3, Asghar Ali Kamboh4, Atique Ahmed Behan5, Habibullah Janyaro6, Yong Meng Goh7, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro6Jalila Abu8, Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto9 and Arsalan Maqbool10


...sants to ensure safe or balanced anaesthesia. The timing of administration and the effect on recovery for specific alhpa2 agonist antidotes in birds have not been widely investigated. This study was conducted to assess the reversal effects of atipamezole administered at the first sign of recovery on medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in pigeons. Twelve pigeons were administered with 1) medetomidine as a pre-anaesthetic at 120 µg/Kg, followed 10 min later ...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...38) indicating the most balanced type of ecosystem. Sparrows were found only in urban areas. Two opportunist species (house crow and common myna) were found to be the most successful in exploiting available resources. Foraging of birds in layers with aggressive species feeding first and development of new learning mechanisms pointed to the change in bird behavior at the landfill. This work highlights the need for a new research field ‘Landfill Ecology...
Mengke Wang1, Shucheng Huang2, Cai Zhang1*, Haizhou Gong1
Shunan Cuan1, Shuaishuai Wang1, Qi Shao1, Wenhao Xu1, Sudan Meng1
Pengfei Li1, Yuqin Wang1 and Zijun Yang1
...ecreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.05), the content of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) (p<0.05). Furthermore, supplementation of MAG increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p<0.05), slightly increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p>0.05) and catalase (CAT) (p>0.05). And the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced in MAG groups, yet the diff...
Zhengyi Fu1,2,3,4, Rui Yang1,2,3, Shengjie Zhou1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Gang Yu1,2,3*
...tory cytokines was more balanced. This study provides the basis for finding the relationship between size heterogeneity and gene expression level of barramundi juveniles, and may provide insights for further understanding on the causes of size heterogeneity.
...
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...a significant decline in alanine transaminase, total protein, total albumin, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol values. Histopathological examination demonstrated degenerative changes, necrosis haemorrhages, and sloughing off epithelial cells of broad folds of caeca, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the periportal area of the liver and mild depletion of lymphocyte in the bursa of Fabricius. The seven clades of avian Eimeria species str...
Xueli Jiang1,2, Jie Gao3, Muhammad Zahid Sharif1,2, Xuewen Zhang4 and Fanglin Liu1,*
...d, chlorogenic acid and galangin, identified from the sunflower nectar. The nectar phenolics do not cause bee-poisoning to death, but can trigger bee colonies to explore food sources at risk. Also, each of these phenolics acts in a dichotomous mode, with above a certain value destructing colonies and below such value affecting little. This study provides new insight into the mechanism underlying the catastrophic events of bee losses or honey harvests, which ha...

Raheela Noor Memon1*, Nadir Ali Birmani1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2 and Shahnaz Rashid3

...trematode and acanthocephalan. Other helminths groups, such as cestodes and nematodes were not noted. These helminths infected the gut of Cyprinuscarpio including trematode and acanthocephalan. No additional organs were found to be infected with helminths parasites. Helminths prevalence were documented as 41% in September, 40% in August, 36% in October, 33% in June, September (30.76%) and April (25%). During September and Oc...
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
...nd pressure (P) on mass balance and characteristics of dried mango slices produced through treatments based on time 13 h and 17 h and pressure 25 Pa, 30 Pa, and 35 Pa, with temperature constant -50 oC. Freeze-dried mango was calculated for mass balance and analyzed for water content, color, and hedonic test. The mass balance yield was around 82.47 % of the product wasted during ...
Dia Mamadou1,2*, Meissa Beyah1, Sow Amadou Harouna1, Ba Samba Alassane1, Bouzouma Moustapha1, Braham Cheikh Baye1 and Beibou Ely1
...linear growth of Von Bertalanffy is 237.8 mm. The state of exploitation was studied using the Bayesian length-based biomass (LBB) estimator and indicates overexploitation of the pink lobster stock.
...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Muhammad Arif1, Abdul Rehman1Imtiaz Hussain1, Abdul Waheed2, Gabriele Marino3 and Michela Pugliese3

 

...d composition, nitrogen balance and hematological parameters. Fifteen lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes in mid lactation with almost similar milk production were randomly divided into three different groups of five females within each according to completely randomized design. Three iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets with high, medium and low levels of lysine, methionine and threonine concentrations (% of crude protein) were formulated and represented as high e...
Teuku Fadlon Haser1*, Muh. Saleh Nurdin2, Eddy Supriyono3, Deni Radona4, Fauziah Azmi1 , Kukuh Nirmala3, Widanarni3, Tri Heru Prihadi4, Tatag Budiardi3 and Riris Yuli Valentine5
...vers. The sex ratio was balanced. The growth pattern was allometric negative and the Fulton condition remained stable over the six month study period. Mahseer in the 610-710 mm length class made the largest contribution to total egg production. Management and conservation of this fish should include the designation of a reservation area to mantain larval production as the source of recruits.
...

Nguyenthuy Linh1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...oleucine, leucine, phenylalanine in the ME 12.97 treatment were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other treatments. At 10-week-old period, the Lys 1.1 and ME 13.81 treatments had some better essential amino acid digestibility values, particularly, arginine, isoleucine, lysine; and methionine isoleucine, lysine, methionine, and threonine (P<0.05). Additionally, nitrogen retention in the Lys 1.2 and Lys 1.1 treatments (for 8 and 10-week-old p...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy 

...replications. Ten ducks balancing in sex were used in one experimental unit. The treatment 0 (basic diet, 0%). Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were mixed basic and shrimp soluble hydrolysate with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, respectively (DM). The treatments were: SH0, SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4, respectively. The results shown that daily weight gain (DWG) was lower for the ducks without supplementing shrimp hydrolyte (SH0 treatment) than those mix shrimp hydrolyte (drinking water) ...
Ardi Prasetio1*, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Sutaryo Sutaryo2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4Muhammad Zahoor5, Asma Nisar6 and Muhannad Illayan Massadeh7
...wk old weaned male New Zealand White rabbits (1300 g ± 130 g) that were randomly divided into control group (T0) and treatment group (T1, T2, T3), which respectively substituted 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % SBM with BSFL. Blood samples were collected from the right ear marginal vein. The result showed an increasing trend of leukocytes and neutrophils in the treatment group (P > 0.05) that implicated the inflammation occurrence. The body responded...

Dewi Ratih Ayu Daning1,2, L.M. Yusiati1, C. Hanim1, B.P. Widyobroto1*

...luate numerous doses of galangal EO (EO) and pure cineole for the relative abundance of rumen microbes and its fermentation parameters in vitro. It applies five treatments with six replications and uses completely randomized design to analyze the data. Only if do such differences exist, the Duncan Multiple Range Tests (DMRT) were conducted. The treatments consist of the following galangal EO doses: 0, 30, 60, 120 µL, a...

Khadim Hussain Memon1,*, Amir Mahmood Memon2, Tahira Jabeen Ursani3, Abdul Manan Shaikh1 and Sapna Waheed Memon1

...ncorporates both von Bertalanffy growth function and ELEFAN-I methods to estimate the growth parameters. The asymptotic length (L∞) and the growth rate (K) were 82.95 cm and 0.390/year, respectively, wherein the hypothetical age at zero length (t0) and goodness of fit or score (Rn) -0.495 year and 0.561 were also estimated correspondingly. The annual total mortality (Z) was 1.03/year, natural mortality (M) was 0.635/year at mean annual surface water temp...

Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1* 

...heddar cheese from New Zealand, Ireland, Turkey, Poland, Netherlands, European Union and Switzerland were collected from the Egyptian markets then were investigated organoleptically and microbiologically. The sensory evaluation revealed that the majority of the examined labneh and cheddar cheese got excellent and good scores, while 90 % of milk powder samples got good scores, based on the overall acceptability scale. The mean titratable acidity percentages of ...

Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1

...partate transaminase and alanine transaminase showed no significant changes in their serum activity. Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase showed no significant increase after the period of study.

...

Fujun Miao1, Chunlan Shan2, Wei Yang3, Hao Wang3, Shuxiang Geng1 and Delu Ning1*

...esults showed that serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the ethanol + walnut oil (ETH + WO) and ETH + silymarin positive group (PC) groups significantly decreased, and the lesions of ethanol-induced liver injury were relieved compared with the ethanol (ETH) group. Walnut oil significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver of ALD. Walnut oil exerted the...

Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar

...purpose of constructing Balanced Crossover design. This design is directly applied to agriculture, as its give an example of wheat to explain the concept. Crossover Designs have been constructed for different values of treatments, blocks and periods using all possible cyclic shifts. In this article, a computer program has been introduced. This is an era of technology, no one has time to do laborious work by hand. The results suggested some general rules for th...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...alipers and an electric balance, respectively. A total of 303 individuals (male = 140, female = 163) were collected from the fishers catch during January to December, 2016. The overall SR differed statistically from the expected 1:1 ratio (df = 1, χ2 = 4.06, P ˃ 0.05). The TL of males and females ranged from 2.7–4.7 cm vs. 2.8–5.0 cm, respectively. The LFDs showed that the 3.99-4.49 cm TL size group was numerically dominant for both sexes. The...

Hong Yin*, Dan Yang, Ji-Jie Liu, Jing-Wei Ding and Dan-Dan Cui

...he oxidative stress and balancing the level between FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

...

A.H. Alqhtani1, A.S. Alharthi1, N.J. Siddiqi2, S. Zargar2 and A.M. Abudabos1*

...inotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased after feeding on growth promoters. However, total serum protein, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no significant differences between the groups. Thus, it can be concluded that probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic in feed may cause some degree of liver damage as indicated by the release of AST and ALT in the serum.

...

Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar 

...Hb and PCV and decreased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), serum total proteins, serum albumin and glutathione stimulating hormone (GSH). Grossly, chalky white deposits of urate crystals on the serosal surface of pericardium, liver, intestines, air sacs, kidneys and ureters. Microscopically, tissue sections show urate crystal deposition in parenchyma of the organs along with infiltration of inflammatory ...

Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1 

... significant increase in alanine amino transferase (ALT) level in sub-groups 1and 4 (P≤0.001), sub-group 2 (P≤0.01), and sub-group 3 (P≤0.05). Aspartate amino transferase (AST) level showed significant increase in sub-group 4 (P≤0.001), sub-group 1 (P≤0.01) and sub-group 3 (P≤0.05). Significant decrease among glucose level was recorded in sub-group 1 (P≤0.001) and sub-groups 3 and 4 (P≤0.01). Iron level showed significant decrease in su...
Maha Khalil1, Gamal Shams2, Hosny Abdel Fadil2, Nagah Edrees2, Mostafa Abonorag1, Nasser El-Sabbagh3, Eman A. Ahmed4*
...reflected in diminishing alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid peroxidation, and raising TNF-α and IL-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, elevating the reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were reported. Conclusively, the results of our experiment suggest that that GSPE is a good feed additive for alleviating the negative impacts induced by aflatoxin B1.
&n...
Khaled El-Kholy1*, Yaser Rizk2, Mohamed El-Helbawy1, Eman El-Said1
...ing rabbits. Forty New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 6 weeks and weighing 950±30 g g were equally and randomly distributed into five groups which containing eight rabbits in each. Rabbits were injected once-weekly for all experimental period up to 14th weeks of age. The first treatment groups were the control without injection (T1), and those in 2nd and 3rd groups were injected with clove oil (25.0 “T2” and 12.5 “T3” µml...

Amal Hamad1, Ashraf M. Abu-Seida2*, Faisal A. Torad2, Nahed S. Thabet3, Shabaan M. Gadallah1

... enzymatic activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) along the whole experiment. Meloxicam induced no sedation, no behavioral changes, insignificant increase in heart rate, significant increase in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure and significant increase in respiratory rate after 15 and 30 minutes. In conclusion, meloxicam is more safe and effective analgesic than Nalbuphine HCl, Fentanyl citrate and Tramadol HCl in d...

Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré 

...plusmn;0.07) revealed a balanced body. Pelvic Index (1.08±0.12) and Rump length index (32.04±3.63) predispose Borgou cattle to good reproductive management. The highest Pearson correlation coefficient was observed between Length index and Body index (r=0.72) while the most negative correlation was observed Length index and Height index (r=-0.99). These indices reveal a suitability for selection in the improvement of milk or meat production in thi...

Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2 

...ve, 9-10 month old New-Zealand white multiparous does, with an average weight of 3.54kg ± 0.096 were used to evaluate the response to dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori (AA) on some performance aspects during pregnancy and lactation periods. Does were allocated to 5 experimental groups, 7 does of each. Feeding on tested diets started one month before first mating. Does were allowed to the following treatments; a normal control group fed a ...

Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina

...iversity and ecological balance. These diseases are transmitted among animals in different ways and endemic especially in large and common pastures and among the causes of their spreads are contact, vectors, air, water, feeds, wastes, and pollution. Environmental conditions play an important role in increasing the spread of disease, which is often found in humid and warm seasons compared to temperate zones and Saharan zones. So through this review article, we ...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3 

...d with Tr3 or Tr1. While alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and creatinine (CRA) concentrations decreased in treated groups compared with control. Value of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased (P<0.05) in treaded groups compared with control. Serum phosphorus (P) increased (P<0.05) in treated groups compared with control, while calcium (Ca) level increased slightly in treated groups. Progesterone (P4) hormone increased (P<0.05) in treated groups co...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...d ethanolic extracts of galangal and sumac extracts. Also, the effect of previous extracts on quality attributes of beef burger was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of both galangal and sumac were shown to have significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the aqueous extract, in particular 90% Ethanol Extract, where the 90% Ethanol Extract of sumac had 58.03 mg gallic acid/g dry sample for total phenolic ...

I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2,  I Gede Mahardika1,  I Gusti  Nyoman Gde Bidura1

... concentrate on protein balance, blood metabolic profile, and body composition of Etawah crossbreed goats. A total of 20 goats with an average initial body weight of 18.22 ± 3.09 kg were used in the study with a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments tested were as follows: A: elephant grass + concentrate A (without HLF); B: treatment A + concentrate B (with 5% HLF); C: treatment A + concentrate C (wit...

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

Hany M.R. Elsherif1, Ahmed Orabi2, Hussein M.A. Hassan3, Ahmed Samy3*

...tically increased, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urea levels remained not affected. Adding SF, SA, or SP to broiler diets significantly improved immunological state (P<0.05) via enhancing avian influenza (H5) and Newcastle disease (ND) titers. Accordingly, OAS’s as natural feed additives could improve broiler performance and immunological state. Chicks fed SF or SP had the best productive performance, immu...

Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq

...havioral and hormonal imbalance that’s why majority of samples (33/60) were obtained from females as compared to males (27/60). From these collected samples exceeding numbers were of blood samples (20/60) followed by urine samples (18/60), pus samples (12/60) and (10/60) samples were of sputum. Bacterial isolates contained higher numbers of E.coli (30/60), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13/60), then Klebsiella (12/60) and minimum number was of Prote...
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
...erformed in female New Zealand rabbits against the following β-lactam antibiotics; Amoxicillin (AMX)- Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and Penicillin-G (Pen G)-KLH conjugates. The prepared anti-β-lactam antibodies were conjugated with gold chloride nanoparticles and used in the development of competitive lateral flow kits for the detection of β-lactams antibiotic residues in dairy milk. The concentration of the gold chloride-antibody conjugate in...

Mohamed E. El-Speiy1, Tarek A. Sadak1, Mohamed A. Abd-Elaal1, Ayman M. Khalifah2, Amr S. Morsy2*

... combination of alpinia galangal (AG) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits. 48 male Baldi red rabbits aged 5 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments. Treatments were (1) control diet, (2) 50 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG1), (3) 100 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG2), (4) 100mg ZnSO4/kg DM (Zn), (5) 50 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG1Zn) and (6) 100 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG2Zn). Feeding AG2, AG1Zn, and AG2Zn recorded higher ...

Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud* 

...inotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (P<0.05) increased while, glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid and creatinine were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in G1 as compared to unsupplemented group. Kids in G1 group recorded the highest (P<0.05) concentrations of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, while, G0 had the lowest value. Meanwhile, red blood cells count, hematocrit and lymph...

Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6

...isorders and hormonal imbalance. COD is generally at highest from 30 to 60 days of postpartum. The exact pathogenesis of COD is still not confirmed, but the abnormal neuroendocrine reflex of hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction, molecular alteration in growing follicle are important components. COD has been diagnosed by animal behavioral changes, nymphomania, anestrus, repeat breeding, pelvic ligament relaxation, tails head elevation, determination of progestero...

Xiaojing Liu and Zhongxin Li*

...), blood uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly reduced in rats treated with TSG (20 mg/kg) (P<0.05), blood total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) significantly increased (P<0.05), VEGF expression significantly reduced (P<0.05) and MMP-9 expression significantly increased (P <0.05). The present study results showed that TSG could reduce proteinuria levels, slow down the progression of DN, and...

Ochieng Onunga George*, Owuor Ndonga Millicent Florence, Mario Kollenberg  

...effluent and water were Balantidium coli, Trichomonas hominis, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ascaris lumbricoid. It was concluded that the abattoir wastes were unsuitable for discharge to the environment and resulted in water pollution near abattoirs that may cause serious waterborne diseases. The baseline information obtained from the results can be used by government authorities such as National Environmental Management Authority and researchers.

Keywor...

Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6 

 

... goats where hormonal imbalances were observed which may result to pseudopregnancy or infertility in does infected with M. haemolytica serotype A2.

Keywords | Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2, Does, Progesterone, Estrogen, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone.  

...
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1*, Khalid Mehmood2,4, Shakeel Ahmed3, Fazul Nabi4, Muhammad Arif Rizwan1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Mushtaq Ahmed1, Abdul Waheed1 and Jiakui Li5
...tifying the oxidative imbalance and liver damage.

...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

... pattern indicates an imbalance in the molecular censor systems that protect the health of the cellular genome. Evaluation of the expression levels of this spectrum of genes, especially the gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes, may be useful as an additional criterion for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases in cats.

Keywords | Breast cancer, Mastopathy, Interferon genes, Tumour-suppressor genes, Expression 

...

Abdulkhaliq A. Al-Janabi1*, Mohammad S. Alsalami1, Arkan B. Mohammed1, Abdulkhaliq A.R. Al-Douri2 

... lipid profiles in New Zealand (albino) rabbits. Twelve male rabbits aged 6-7 months with an average initial weight of 1308.00±39.97 g were used in this study. The rabbits were divided into three groups; the control group was treated orally with distilled water, and the second and third groups were treated orally with 150 or 300 µl Omega-3, respectively. The rabbits’ body weight significantly increased in both Omega-3 treated groups, as well...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1

...ome endogenous hormonal balance. Alternate bearing results into poor flowering, low pollination, low fruit set and fruit drops. All these factors are the climatic factors dependent which can be controlled by proper irrigation scheduling, proper pruning and proper dose and source of fertilizer application at a proper growth stage. As a result, OFF season crop in once year and followed by ON year crop. Alternate bearing cannot be completely controlled but it can...

Husmaini1*, Sabrina1, Firda Arlina1, Linda Suhartati1, Yozella Martilova2 

... humans or livestock by balancing the microflora in the digestive tract when consumed in sufficient quantities. Purple sweet potato has high effectiveness against LAB growth, namely 10,771 (log10 cfu/g) with 85.34% resistance be used as a medium for LAB growth. This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics Lactococcus plantarum and Pediococcus pentasaceus using a purple sweet potato carrier on laying hen’s performance and egg quality. This study...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...he liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminoransferase (AST) on day 42. A non-significant effect was seen on hematological and biochemical profile of liver and kidney of broiler chicken on days 14th and 28th. In conclusion, the study showed significant synergistic effect of TP and OXY on the Hb, RBC and liver enzymes such as ALT and AST that ultimately lead to promote the growth and can be used safely at sub-therapeutic levels in...
Gema Wahyudewantoro1*, Rahmi Dina2, Haryono1, Sekar Larashati2, Siti Aisyah2 and Sopian Sauri1
...n: justify;">Balashark, Balantiocheilus melanopterus (Bleeker, 1850), has been discovered for the first time in the swamp inside Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve, Jakarta, Indonesia. Balashark in Indonesia is originally distributed in Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, the fish was collected in the public waters of Java which is not its distribution areas. Fishing gear used was gill net with a diameter of 2 inches”.The characteristics, morphometric and meristi...

Mai A Fadel1*, Ahmed M Elmahdy1, Jihan Mostafa Badr2, Mohammed AM Saleh3, Mona A.A. AbdelRahman3 

...artate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine serum level were also estimated. From our findings, we concluded that the usage of a half-dose combination of enrofloxacin and amoxicillin is safer and more efficient in the treatment of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis mixed infection in broiler chickens than the usage of these antibiotics in a full-dose combination or solely.

Keywords | Amoxicillin, Enrofloxacin, E. co...

Nurcan Karslioglu Kara*

...eficial for the optimal balance between economic benefit, animal health and milk yield.

...

Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy1, Mohamed Mohamed El-said Ibrahim1, Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Rehab Fawzy Ismail2 

...inine, and aspartate and alanine transaminases decreased (P<0.05) in GG and PFG compared with CG. Ages at puberty, 1st service, and conception were earlier (P<0.05) in GG and PFG than in CG. Pregnancy rate was the highest in GG (100%), followed by PFG (83.3%), and the lowest in CG (66.7%) within a service period of 90-days (P<0.05). Plasma progesterone at puberty and conception was higher (P<0.05) in GG and PFG than in CG. In conclusion, pre-puber...

Ting Jia1*, Dong-Min Hou2 and Wan-Long Zhu2*

...ical indexes and energy balance in A. chevrieri, and leptin was involved in the regulation of body mass in A. chevrieri.

...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...nificantly (p< 0.05) balanced all blood cells. 
 
Novelty Statement | This research article provides a novel mechanistic study to control inflammatory pro-cesses through topical application of natural non-toxic substances such as sericin and curcumin.
...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...nificantly (p< 0.05) balanced all blood cells. 
 
Novelty Statement | This research article provides a novel mechanistic study to control inflammatory pro-cesses through topical application of natural non-toxic substances such as sericin and curcumin.
...

Noha M. Abd El-Azeem*, Hemat A. Abdel Magied, Mervat N. Ghazal, Nehad A. Ramadan, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem, Y. S. Hussein, Heba H. Habib 

...Ninety mature does New-Zealand White rabbits age 6 months and weighting 3.2 kg were assigned randomly into six treatment groups. The treatments were fed basal diet as control (G1), basal diet plus 0.3 % turmeric (G2), 0.05 % MOS® (G3), 0.015 % Biostrong® 510 (G4), 0.05 % MOS +0.3 % turmeric (G5) and 0.05% MOS +0.015 % Biostrong (G6), respectively. Rabbits fed with turmeric, MOS and Biostrong recorded a significant (P≤0.05) increase in doe weight at ...
Nuzhat Kamal1, Muhammed Sajjad Ansari2*, Bushra Allah Rakha1, Shamim Akhter1, Saima Qadeer1 and Ali Akhter1
...o evaluate the effect of alanine on post-thaw quality of Sahiwal bull spermatozoa. Qualifying semen ejaculates [motility (>60%) volume (>4ml) and concentration (>0.5 billion/ml)] collected from three Sahiwal bulls were diluted with tris-citric acid extender supplemented with different concentration of alanine (5, 10, 15 and 20mM), extender without alanine was kept as control. Exte...

Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2

...investigate the sero-prevalance of BoHV-1 and its associated risk factors in District Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was calculated using Raosoft sample size calculator. A total of 250 animals were sampled from herds of different sizes for sampling through convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire having variables related to animal species, age, herd size, parity, breeding method and housing management was filled at sample collection time....

Shahid Iqbal1,2, Zulha Javed1, Mushtaq Hussain Zahid3, Qurat ul Ane Gillani4 and Furhan Iqbal1,*

...), platelets (P = 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.04) and significantly increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels (P = 0.04) as compared to control group. Our results indicated that both leaf extracts had tendency to disturb the blood biochemistry of healthy male albino mice. The effects were more pronounced in mice orally treated with E. camaldulensis leaf extract for 15 days.

...

Ghani Akbar*, Zafar Islam, Muhammad Umar and Shahi Salam

...e and atmospheric water balance and water productivity based on evapotranspiration (WPET). The field results indicated, comparable yield for the NB treatment but increased (2.4%) the water productivity based on irrigation input (WPi), saved (3%) irrigation water and reduced (3%) deep drainage losses than the FB treatment. However, the WB treatment reduced (7.5%) crop yield, but increased the WPi (242%) and saved (73%) irrigation water. Thus, optimally managed ...

Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1 

...n. Intestinal microbial balance is beneficially influenced by either probiotics or prebiotics as well as their combination. This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of Lactobacillus casei and dahlia tuber extract (LDTE) mixture on intestinal microbial, digestive and immune organs weights, nutrient digestibility, and productive performance of broiler starter. Day-old broiler chickens with an average body weight of 45.61 ± 3.46 g, a total of 160...

Reda Hassan*, Bahaa Abou-shehema, Sherif Zayed, Micheal Gorgy, Shama Morsy, El-Sayed Abu El-Hassan, Mahmoud El-Gbaly, Hanaa Basuony, Ebtehal Hassan 

...ric acid concentrations, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and significantly (P<0.05) reduced the antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), total protein, albumin values in broilers serum compared with ngative control. Aflatoxins supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased malondialdehyde values in liver and significantly (P<0.05) diminished the reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S- transfe...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...Poultry eggs are a well-balanced sole source of protein in terms of nutrition. Concerns over the extensive use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs), which may have driven consumer demand for antibiotic-free animal yield, have necessitated research towards a safer natural alternative, such as the use of phytobiotic essential oils (EOs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phytobiotic EOs on laying hen performance, physical characteristics,...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy  

... and 10 birds per unit (balanced sex) were in the treatment. All treatments were added 4% (DM) of fermented feed to the basal diet. The trial lasted 9 weeks with Noi chickens from 6 to 14 weeks of age. The results showed when adding yeast feed at 4% (DM) to the diet of Noi chickens, there is an increase the weight and decrease in FCR of Noi chickens. Especially the PM treatments had the best results. At crude protein level, the CP20 treatments was better than...

Emtiaz Ibrahim Ghoniem, Gaber Mamdouh Abdelgalil, Amira Farouk Gad* and El-Sayed Hassan Eshra

 
...inotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in T. pisana intoxicated with two sublethal doses of CuSO4 (0.25 and 0.5 of LD50) after 24, 48 and 72 h were examined. The results indicated that the LD50 values of CuSO4 were 166.5, 92.59 and 70.63 µg/g b.w for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The biochemical effects of CuSO4 led to a significant increment of AChE activities in treated snails after all tested times. While the tested compou...

Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati1*, Budi Santoso1, Fedik Abdul Rantam2, Widjiati3, Budi Iman Santoso4, Tri Hastono Setyo Hadi1, Gatut Hardianto1, Hari Paraton1  

...imental study used New Zealand rabbits which were female and weighed 3-4.5 kg. The first stage of the study created a model of a vesicovaginal fistula. The second stage of the study closed the vesicovaginal fistula which was successfully created in the first stage. The study used a post-test-only control group design. The histological examination included fibroplasia, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition on day 21. Data were analyzed des...

Most. Shakila Sarmin1,2, Md. Ashekur Rahman1,2, Most. Farida Parvin2,3, Mst. Shefaly Khatun4, Kazi Ahsan Habib5, Wasim Sabbir6, Jun Ohtomi7 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...cm as well as a digital balance is used to weigh body weight (BW) to 0.01 g precision. The size structure (length-frequency distributions, LFDs) indicated that the males with TL 22.0-22.9 cm and females with 29.0-29.9 cm size group were statistically more appeared. The TL and BW varied between 11.5-53.0 cm and 27.6 to 1228.0 g for males, and 18.2-45.0 cm and 57.0 to 728.0 g for females. The length-weight relations (LWRs) were significantly correlated (p < 0...

Khalid Farooq, Muhammad Tahir and Nazir Ahmad Khan*

...the dietary groups were balanced for age, BW and sex. Data on intakes of DM, nutrients and metabolizable energy (ME), digestibility of DM and nutrients, body weight (BW) gain and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. The intake of all nutrients improved (P < 0.05) with the incorporation of blends of maize silage and ryegrass in the diet. Moreover, the intake of DM, organic matter (OM), and ME consistently increased (P < 0.05) with increasing maize si...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1, Alaa Emara Rabee2, Moustafa Mohamed M. A. Ghandour2, Rasha Salah Mohammed3, Ahmed Mohamed. Sallam4 

... treated groups. However alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels were reduced (P≤0.05) in both treated groups. It can be noted that, supplementing of plant herbs mixtures had positive effects on some reproduction and immunological traits in goat males under heat stress conditions.

 

Keywords | Herbs additives, Quebracho tannins, Antioxidants, Sperm quality, Damascus goats. ...

Mohamed M. Bahr1, Mohamed S. Amer1*, Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud2, Shaimaa M. Kamel3, Marwa A. Fouly4, Ahmed N. Abdallah5, Ashraf A. Shamaa1, Omar S. El-Tookhy1 

...thodology: 24 male New Zealand albino rabbits were used in this study, divided randomly into 4 groups (6 rabbits per group), induction of corneal ulcers centrally in groups (I, II) and peripherally in (III, IV). Treated groups are (I, III) using topical lyophilized canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived EVs & control groups are (II, IV) using topical normal saline. Result: both treated groups appeared fluorescein negative at the 5th day and are characterize...

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

...divisions, reflecting imbalanced regional development. These findings suggest government intervention in housing and health sectors. The current ‘Naya Pakistan Housing Program (NPHP)’ is well targeted and needs to be extended to the rural areas, where poor people are deprived of standard housing facilities. The ‘Sehat Insaaf Program’ of health insurance is very inspiring; however, its domain for vide range of health treatments and its v...

Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Jalaluddin Azam Khan and Firoz Anwar

...ble interconversion of L-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate in the presence of pyridoxal 5 phosphate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme which operates at the cross roads of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The enzyme has been reported from a wide range of organisms including animals, plants, fungi and microbes. The enzyme has a clinical applications in the diagnosis of many diseases....

Sony A.E. Moningkey1*, Ronny A.V. Tuturoong1, Ingriet D.R. Lumenta1 and Nova L.I.M. Ogi2

...ale rabbits strain New Zealand White (8–11 weeks old, 435-1,037 g). The feed consisted of fermented rumen content sludge mixture (FRCSM), and other feed materials, such as corn, coconut cake, pollard, bran, sugar drops and minerals. Rabbits were given complete feed with following treatment: R0 = feed without FRCSM, R1 = feed with 10% FRCSM, R2 = feed with 20% FRCSM, R3 = feed with 30% FRCSM, and R4 = feed with 40% FRCSM. The results showed that the highe...

Mutala’liah, S. Indarti † and N. S. Putra

...onducted in
Malangsari, Getas and Candiroto feilds. Samples of soil and roots were collected and various parameters of soil
abiotic factors (pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil texture and organic matter) were obtained from each of the
three fields. Vertical distribution was assessed using two soil sample depths (30 cm and 50 cm). This research
showed that the highest population abundance of Pratylenchus sp...

Öznur Özil*, Öznur Diler, Mevlüt Nazıroğlu, Aşkın Atabay 

...ufa, Histopathology, Prevalance, Intensity  

...

Farhana Binte Zalal, Prodip Kumar Sarkar*, Mahbuba Sultana, M H Kawsar, Swapon Kumar Fouzder 

...ltry accordingly with a balanced diet, and creep feeding to chicks may improve overall poultry production in rural areas.

Keywords | Broodiness, Chick rearing, Egg incubation, Hatching eggs, Management 

...

Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9

...s of Ngantang district, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The result of correlation test showed good cognitive, affective, and conative aspects of the farmers despite low achievement rates in all government programs. Social stratification significantly affected the farmers’ response on the programs. The farmers’ cognitive, affective, and educational aspects are also significantly influential in their response. Further motives are of internal fa...

Eman S Ramadan, Mohamed E Ali, Mohamed A Elkhiat 

...significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Globulin with significant reduction in albumin and A/G ratio. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed anechoic ascetic fluid in between internal organs, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and peritoneal adhesion. Serum microRNA-122 analysis showed significant elevation by 11.31 fold change compared to control cats. In conclusion, microRNA-122 is of diagnostic value and stable bio...

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai2, Waqar Ali1, Ikram Ilahi1, Farman Ullah3, Saeed Ahmad1, Ayaz Ali Khan1, Umair Ahmad2 and Hafsa Maria2

...aline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST). The outcomes of the extract-treated rabbits were comparable to those of the group of rabbits given silymarine. RBC, platelets, haemoglobin, MCH concentration, and HCT levels did not significantly alter after treatment with garlic aqueous extract and silymarine. However, a substantial (P 0.05) rise in the overall WBC count was seen. The current research findings revealed that...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

... the trade and payments balance and inflation, unemployment, and program inconsistency. This is one area where the maritime sector has been a quarry for years. Contrary to the maritime transportation industry, fisheries are the only coastal resource used nowadays. The maritime sector of Pakistan’s economy is becoming less viable as rising maritime vulnerabilities lead to decreased commerce and taxes. Here we look at Pakistan’s maritime industry and...

Salahud Din

...mal, middle and distal phalanx. The first two phalanges were long bones. The shaft of the phalanx proximalis (P1) was thick proximally than distally and slightly arched. The phalanx media (P2) was shorter in length than the proximal. Its proximal articular surface was divided into two glenoid cavities “axial and abaxial’ by a dorsopalmar ridg...

Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf  

...udy, twenty female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were employed, immediately following first parity. The young rabbits were left with their mothers for the first two days after kindling so they could nurse on colostrum. By adding or removing the kits on the third day, the quantity of each litter for each mother was consistent with six, ensuring an equal number of litters at the beginning of the experiment. One of the two groups of animals received a random di...

Subramaniyam Suresh, Saravanakumar Marimuthu*, Prashanth D’Souza 

... aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Results revealed that 4% FCM was numerically improved on week 1 (0.11), week 2 (0.46), week 3 (0.56), and week 4 (0.54) as compared to baseline in PTF supplemented group. Milk fat (%) was also significantly (p < 0.001) improved on weeks 2, 3 & 4 as compared to baseline in PTF supplemented group. Serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p < 0.05...

Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al-Wakeel2, Zizy I. Elbialy3, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby4, Helmy K. Zaghlool5, Adel A. El-Badawy4, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek6*

...ctivity of aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-LDL, and urea. Semen variables including semen volume, and percentages of sperm motility, livability, and abnormality as well as concentration and output of sperm cells were significantly by SPL. In serum and seminal plasma, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased, while malondial...

Anhar Ibrahim Elhanafy*, Amr Mohamed Mousa, Amaal Mohamed Kamal 

...orty mature female New Zealand White rabbits (6 months age) were divided into four groups. Three of them (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/doe) represent different concentrations of BV, while the fourth group was control. Twice weekly injections of does were carried out along 12-weeks. Results revealed that BV treated does were significantly improved RBCs count, WBCs, serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations, as compared to control. Upon treatment, a signif...

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

...of AFB1, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid, creatinine, and malnodialdhyde (MDA) dramatically rose. After 35 days of feeding, AFB1-treated chicks showed a significant decrease in their total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin con...

Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah

...plained by PIME and the balance 28.8% is explained by the other factors. This study suggest that the extension agent should improve their planning and implementing skills to suite with pandemic situation, so that the program that has been planned earlier can be done even though the situation might be challenging.

...

Nitya Salsabila, Djalal Rosyidi, Agus Susilo* 

... coconut sugar, garlic, galangal, coriander and tamarind. The method used was a laboratory experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, namely P0: without the addition of liquid smoke (control), P1: liquid smoke without sonication, P2: sonication liquid smoke for 5 minutes, P3: sonication liquid smoke for 10 minutes, P4: sonication liquid smoke for 15 minutes, and P5: sonication liquid smoke for 20 minutes...

Munasik*, Titin Widiyastuti, Caribu Hadi Prayitno

...ient levels that are in balance with corn. To improve the quality of the cassava-tofu dreg mixture, this study used red oncom mushrooms enriched with Na-glutamate during the fermentation process. The research used a completely randomized factorial design, where two factors were considered: the addition level of Na-glutamate (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), and the addition level of red oncom mushrooms (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Each treatment was repeated twice, followe...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Abdul Waheed2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh4, Michela Pugliese5 and Shahid Nazir6
... digestion and nitrogen balance. Blood samples were collected through jugular vein two hours post feeding and were analysed for blood triglycerides concentration, total proteins and blood urea nitrogen according to standard procedures. Nutrient intake, nutrient digestion, nitrogen balance, milk production, milk fat, total solids in milk and solid not fat did not show any treatment effect. However, milk protein percentage was...

Ruobing Han, Shanshan Gui, Xunwu Zhao and Heping Li*

...ls introduced from New Zealand. However, the genetic relationships between these individuals is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity and genetic relationship in the white-red deer population. We used ten microsatellite loci to genotype all 28 white-red deer individuals in China, and constructed a Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree based on genetic distances. In addition, genetic structure analysis was carried out. The results sh...

Saba Yasin, Kausar Imran, Komal Mukhtar, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi*

M.A.M.M. Shehab-El-Deen1,2*, S.A. Al-Dobaib1 and K.A. Al-Sobayil1

...ere the negative energy balance occurred. Oocytes were in vitro matured under elevated levels of NEFAs for 24 h in serum-free maturation media. Obtained zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid with 5% FCS for eight days. Blastocyst stages from each treatment group were assessed and evaluated for their quality by determining the ACR by means of TUNEL staining. The presence of palmitic or stearic acid at high concentrations during oocyte maturation incr...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...ted of 10 birds, with a balanced distribution of sexes. The treatments included FG0.5, FG1.0, FG1.5, BG0.5, BG1.0, and BG1.5, where Fresh Garlic and Black Garlic were added to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (DM) concentrations. The trial lasted for 8 weeks, covering the period from 6 to 13 weeks of age for the Tre chickens. The findings demonstrated that supplementing the diet of Tre chickens with Garlic at a concentration of 1.0 - 1.5% (DM) resulted in ...

Khalid M. Al-Syaad1,2

...s of liver enzymes (ALT; alanine aminotransferase and AST; aspartate aminotransferase), creatinine and urea in the blood serum and lipid peroxidation product (TBARS). While decreased (P<0.001) the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and number of spermatozoa compared with control group. The histological examination of the kidney revealed alterations induced by CC, including atrophy, tubular necrosis, enlargement of the glomeruli, dilatation and congestion of t...

Bing Yan1, Meng Meng Zhang2, Xi Chen2, Yongming Li2*, Muhammad Khan3* and Tonghui Ma1*

...is study, we showed that alantolactone (ALT) hold the capacity to suppress stem-cell-like phenotype (SCLP) of glioblastoma cells. ALT inhibited the growth, reduced mammosphere formation and down-regulated the expression of CSCs markers such as CD133, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further mechanistic study showed that ALT inhibits glioma SCLP and tumor growth through repression of EGFR/MOB1/LATS1/YAP signal...

Sherein H. Mohamed1, Soad El Naggar2*, Ayman A. Hassan3, Mohamed A.M. Mousa3, Mohamed M. Basyony3, Mohamed F. Sadek3, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed4, Saadia M. Hashem5 

...y six male growing New Zealand White rabbits aged eight weeks old with an average body weight of 675±47.95 g were divided into six equal groups 21 rabbits each, control diet group, C fed the basal diet and the other five groups (GE, ClE, ThE, TE, and CE) fed on basal diet supplemented with 200 ppm of garlic, clove, thyme, turmeric and cinnamon extracts respectively.  These extracts revealed an increase in final body weight, daily weight gain, diges...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...h two main routes of Sarmalang and Narangi. The hunters and traders of the neighboring districts visit the study area throughout the year, in heavy monsoon rain and even at night. The locals revealed that the local hunters used variety of trapping and hunting tools including traditional traps made up of clothes, smaller pinch traps and bamboo cages, air rifles, shotguns (single and double barrel) and sometimes for full entertainment Kalashnikovs were also used...

Imbang Dwi Rahayu1, Ali Mahmud1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Adi Sutanto1, Apriliana Devi Anggraini1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Wisnu Nurcahyo3, Tri Untari3

...nsity lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Adding herbs through drinking water gave lower TG and LDL levels than through feed or the control. The control had the lowest level of ALT, which increased along with adding 2% herbs through drinking water. Adding 3% herbs through the feed reached the highest ALT level. Adding herbs through feed and drinking water up to 3% could maintain normal blood parameters (total plasma pr...

Elfadil, G.E.1,3, G.F. Gouda1*, M.A. Rashed2, A.R. Shemeis1

...uction capacity in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits, six unrestricted, two single-restricted and one double-restricted selection indexes were constructed using phenotypic and genetic parameters estimated using multi-trait animal model on 458 growing rabbits, progeny of 25 bucks and 92 dams. The aggregate genotype involved post-weaning daily gain (DG), higher percentages of dressing (DP) and boneless meat (BMP). Sources of information were various combinations f...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Ketamine (injectable) is a commonly used general anaesthetic agent in veterinary practice. Injectable anesthetics offer the advantage of requiring less expensive equipment. Isoflurane (inhalant) provides a very rapid and smooth induction and recovery. Pre-anesthetic medications are used to decrease fear and apprehension, aid in restraint, decrease the amount of other anesthetic agents requir...

Tehreem Iqbal1, Roheela Yasmeen1* and Faheem Hafeez2

...ctate dehydrogenase, and alanine amino transferase) and kidney (Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine, and Uric acid) biomarkers were assessed. The highest levels of ALT and ALP were linked to liver injury and a higher weight in the liver were observed in BPA treated rats as compared to the control group. Similarly, an increase in blood parameters were recorded in BPA treated rats followed by post -treated rats and pre- treated group. It was concluded by the study t...

Asmaa A Darwish* 

...t in fluid and solute imbalance, renal failure, bladder rupture, azotemia, and death. This study aimed to examine the immunological and clinicopathological alterations associated with urine retention in sheep. Twenty Barki rams were apparently-healthy and considered the control group (CG) and twenty Barki rams suffered from urine retention considered the diseased group (DG). Blood samples were collected from both groups and immunological and clinicopathologica...

Hazrat Usman1, Shakeel Ahmad2*, Salah Uddin3, Humaira Wasila3 and Yasser Durrani4

...for those from Kharkai, Malangy, Laradagai, Raghagan, and Zubandar, were found to be unsuitable for human consumption. The researchers hope that this study will increase public awareness in the studied areas and encourage people to avoid using contaminated open well water for drinking and other domestic purposes to reduce the associated health risks.

...

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

...l role in maintaining a balanced human diet. The process of pollination, a vital ecosystem service, substantially contributes to enhancing the nutritional quality and yield of cross-pollinated fruits and vegetables. To evaluate the impact of bees and syrphid flies on enhancing the physical and biochemical characteristics of litchi fruit, an experimental investigation was conducted in a Litchi orchard situated in Multan, Pakistan. The study encompassed an exami...

Hui Fang*, Kai Xue and Teng Yang

... to be enriched for beta-alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The miRNA-mRNA network consisted of 2 miRNAs (miR-199a-3p and miR-107) and 7 mRNAs. It appears that miRNAs may positively regulate fibroblast migration, calcium signaling, and cell division based on GO and KEGG analysis. What’s more, by detecting the expression of the key ADPKD-related miRNA-mRNA in vitro experiments, two miRNAs ...

Jyotsana Shakkarpude1*, Aditya Mishra2, Deepika D. Caesar2, R.K. Sharma3, Anand Kumar Jain2, Sanju Mandal2, Rajesh Kumar Vandre4, Danveer S. Yadav5, Bhavna Ahirwar6 and C.P. Solanki6

...y leads negative energy balance (NEBAL) and increases oxidative stress in animals. Betaine is a growth promoting nutritional additive used in livestock. Betaine contains three methyl groups and thus acts as a methyl donor for metabolic reactions. Betaine acts as molecular chaperone, as it repairs heat shock proteins. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of dietary betaine on heat and metabolic stress during lactation in Murrah buffaloes (Bubal...

Arief1*, Roni Pazla2

...h palm concentrate, can balance the company’s ration FCM milk production.
 
Keywords | Gliricidia sepium, Goat, Indigofera zoolingeriana, Milk, Mirasolia diversifolia, Palm concentrate
...

Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1

...tput may be harmed by unbalanced fertilizing over reliance on chemical fertilizers to increase crop productivity, on the other hand, has resulted in health hazards and microbial population issues in soil, as well as being rather expensive and raising the cost of production; these considerations, taken together, stimulate the use of bio-fertilizers. This study’s objective was to assess how a biofertilizer EM1 (effective microorganisms) combined with varie...

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2*

...e stress, nutritional imbalances, and inflammation can impair boar fertility and semen quality. We investigated the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) supplementation on blood parameters, serum antioxidant status, and sperm quality in 24 Duroc boars at 1.0-1.5 years. The boars were randomly divided into four groups of three replicates each and their feed was supplemented with MOLE at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW). Supp...

Afshan1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyab1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Syed Weqas Ali7 and Assad Ullah8 

...ee radical damage and imbalance of thyroid functions. The research experiment was performed to check the effect of orally inorganic selenium on the redox status and thyroid hormones of broilers under dexamethasone induce stress. Day old 100 chicks were purchased from trading hatchery and divided randomly into five different groups having four replicates (n=5) in each group. Broiler chickens feed with starter and finishing commercial corn based basal diet with ...

Wenxiao Jia1*, Yilinuer Yilihamu1, Yunling Wang1, Shuang Ding1, Dilinuerkezi Aihemaiti1, Hanjiaerbieke Kukun1 and Yanhui Ning2

...abdominal aorta of New Zealand rabbits. The experimental New Zealand rabbits were fed adaptively for one week before being punctured through the abdominal aorta with a balloon to injure the intima. Vitamin D (1.5 mL/kg) was administered one week after the surgical model was completed. Following injection, the animals were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) and a histology-ba...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khalil2,4*, Muhammad Arshad Khan3, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Shahzad Khan4, Rana Naveed Mustafa2 and Salah ud Din5

... maximizing seed yield. Balancing vegetative growth and seed yield is crucial for overall productivity in arid regions of Pakistan. This study underscores the importance of adopting appropriate irrigation schedules for mung beans in such environments.

...

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...ntaining soil ecosystem balance and provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of this co-culture system.

...

Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3

... impaired the ecosystem balance. LEfSe and SIMPER approaches revealed a significant abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in group EG, while these taxa were rare in sediments of a control group. Increased abundance and metabolic functions of these rare ectomycorrhizal fungi suggested that rare microeukaryotes should play fundamentally ecological roles in local ecosystems, especially when environmental perturbations occurred. This report is the first to address th...

Usama Mahalel1, Barakat M. Alrashdi1, Ibrahim Abdel-Farid1, Sabry El-Naggar2, Mohamed Hassan3, Hassan Elgebaly1 and Diaa Massoud1,4*

...inotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reduction in the cholesterol content, and altered the architecture of the hepatic cells. Animals treated with M. forsskalii extract at a low dose after CCl4 administration enhanced the liver functions as evidenced by histological examination and liver enzymes analysis. Immunohistochemical investigation showed that the administration of M. forsskalii extract at a low dose downregulated the expression patt...

Hemeida, A. A., Osman, M., El-Shahat, Mohamed, Hashem, Medhat H., Mahmoud, Amal and Dahi, Hosni

... were Screened for Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) , serum Albumin , serum creatinine , Serum TSH, Hemoglobin (Hb),White blood cells count (WBCs) and Platelets count . Hematological disorders and ALT elevation were common side effects of treatment. The side effects were increased within group B than that of group A. Three random hepatitis C virus (HCV) samples from group B were studied for the...

Elbeshehy, E. K.F. and Sallaml, A.A.A.

... China (FJ403473), New Zealand (AY861395) and India (AJ810260). The partial nucleotide sequence alignment, showed (95%) homology between CMV New Zealand isolate and CMV-Egyptian isolate. The sequence alignment also indicated that the CMV isolate is far from similarity with India CMV, showing (92%) according to the phylogenetic homology tree , which were 92 to 99% identical to those of CMV- Egypt isolate.

...

Rizkie Elvania1, Tintin Rostini1, Sakiman2, Ani Susilawati2, Emilda Adriani2, Abd Malik1*

...-freeze and post-thawed Kalang buffalo semen. Four Kalang buffalo, aged between 6 to 7 years and weighing 500-550 kg, were involved in this investigation. Semen collection was conducted weekly a 12- week period using an artificial vagina. Lycopene was added to the skim milk-egg yolk diluent at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, while the control group received no lycopene substitution. The freshly collected semen underwen...

Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2* 

...e, the concentrations of alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, and uric acid were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered. Additionally, the triglycerides were dramatically (p < 0.05) decreased while the high-density lipoprotein composed a higher proportion than the low-density-lipoprotein of the total cholesterols (p < 0.05). Additionally, as dietary FS levels increased, plasma corticosterone (CORT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as stress markers i...

Faisal Alsaaq

...in the area exhibited a balanced representation by all functional groups across different trophic levels, indicating a healthy state. Of particular interest were the families Chaetodontidae (butterfly fishes) and Serranidae (Groupers), known as reliable indicators of reef health and effective predators, respectively, as they were adequately represented. The family Labridae exhibited the highest number of species (16), followed by Scaridae (13). Overall, the as...

Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2 

...ere polymorphic, with imbalanced genotype frequencies, and the body size of males was longer than that of females.
 

...

Pedro Nunes1*, José Teixeira1,2, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Divanildo Monteiro1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...60 hybrid rabbits (New Zealand x Californian) were employed. Three distinct diets were formulated, progressively substituting alfalfa with EOC at levels of 0%, 5%, and 10%. Zootechnical performance was monitored by recording weekly feed consumption and growth performance. Visceral development and carcass traits were evaluated in 10 rabbits from each treatment group at 64 days of age. No significant differences were observed among the treatment groups, except f...

Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1

...ty unsexed matured New Zealand White rabbits, which were randomly assigned to three housing systems (concrete pen with litter filled floor [H1], concrete pen with soil filled floor [H2], and battery cage [H3]) and three feeding systems (forage only [F1], concentrate feed only [F2], and forage + concentrate [F3]) in a 3x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design for ten weeks. The study found that the main effect of housing and feeding systems with t...

Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah

...treatment applied was a balance of feed in the form of forage elephant grass with different levels concentrat of 25, 50 and 75%, and control treatment in the form of rations that are usually given by farmers. The parameters observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter digestibility (OMD) and Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN). The results showed that giving treatment feed in the form of the addition of concentrate at different levels containing ad...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

...oup and revealed that imbalance of the vascular damage initiated and that lead to damage of vascular endothelium in diabetes.

...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

Irfan Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Tahira Tayyeb1, Rafiq Ullah1, Muhammad Hanif1, Faiza Khan3, Imad Khan2, Raheela Taj4, Fatima Syed4, Shumaila Gul5, Muhammad Sadeeq6, Muneeb Islam7, Arsalan Khan8 and Khudija Ghani9

Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Ghulam Abbas3, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4, Mamoona Mahmood1, Asma Aziz1 and Fatima Yasmin2

...0.05). At the same time, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose and cholesterol were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the treated groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, the study indicates that exposure to cadmium chloride, even in a low concentration, can cause adverse hematological and biochemical changes in Labeo rohita.

...

Tayfun Karatas1*, Betul Apaydın Yıldırım2 and Serkan Yıldırım3

...transferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH), total immunoglobulin (T. Ig), and white blood cell (WBC) levels. Moreover, CMN exposure led to degeneration, steatosis, and necrosis in liver hepatocytes as well as hyperemia and inflammation in the liver and caused degeneration, desquamation, necrosis and adhesion in the gill epith...

Muhammad Azhar1,2, Rida Ahmad3*, Bushra Nisar Khan3 and Zahra Hussain3

...aline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. Further, different biological, analytical and operational factors which impose significant effects on hematochemical factors were also considered to rationalize the results. Most of the values were in accordance with the mean values published in the literature, but values of few parameters e.g., hematocrit, platelet, AST, ALT, ALP and blood ur...

Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*

...restoring physiological balance. These natural additives hold significant promise for revolutionizing poultry intestinal health in a sustainable, antibiotic-free manner.
 
Keywords | IL-6 inhibition; Intestinal health; Mucosal immunity; Natural feed additives; Poultry industry.
...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2

ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*

...formance and maintained balanced gut microflora tested phytogenic feed additives of this study might be regarded as potential alternatives to existing antibiotics in poultry for better food animal production.

...

Uqba Mehmood

...stituted amino acids and alanine are not much different. Therefore all the amino acid proved competent germinant in place of alanine in ALA system. The overall role of germinants as a replacement in AGFK is satisfactory and they trigger germination in germination defective bacterial spores as do asparagines. In present studies all the germination defective spores showed very low proteolytic activity in comparison with proteo...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...phenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) thus provides the basis for resistant in chickpea.

...

Adil Hussain1*, Muhammad Qasim Hayat22 and Syed Ali Imran Bokhari1

...ia, South America, New Zealand, North and South Africa and Western Asia.In continuation of our work on Northeastern Pakistani Artemisia, we report the first local occurrence of Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte from Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan by investigating its geographical distribution and phylogenetic analysis. To date, we have observed this species in stony landscapes of Ghizer district of Gilgit-Baltistan. Phylogenetic analysis of A. verlotiorum with...

Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib

... and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) and
peroxidase (POX), which were gradually reduced with increasing concentration of DBC. This
study concluded that application of 3% DBC improve resistance of chickpea var. Bakhar-
2011 to S. rolfsii and increase crop growth and yield.
...

Ghalib Nadeem* and Muhammad Irfan Anis 

...n resolving the class imbalance issue is tested along with the validity and adaptability of these models utilizing GridSearchCV optimum parameter modification. The performance evaluation is based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) metrics. With a resounding highest accuracy metric, the Random Forest model achieves a notable accuracy of up to 98.25%, while the recall score of 100, and Precision up to 97% affirming its supre...

Habib Asshidiq Syah1, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, I Putu Arya Girinata1, Ahmad Fahrudin Husen1, Rizki Prafitri1, Nurul Isnaini1, Nanang Febrianto1, Putri Utami1, Muhaimin Rifa’i2, Trinil Susilawati1*

...the Pujon sub-district, Malang regency based on non-return rate-1 (NRR-1), non-return rate-2 (NRR-2), and Conception Rate (CR). The material used in this study was 215 CFH cows that became acceptors with a single dose of unsexed semen of 100 before being exposed to FMD (T1) and 115 cows affected by FMD (T2) in Pujon subdistrict, Malang Regency, with a Body Condition Score 2.5-3.5 and aged 1.5-8 years and showing signs of est...

Marah Salim Hameed1, Raad Mahmood Hussein Al Zubaidi2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy3*

... indices for white New Zealand rabbits. Thirty adult white New Zealand male rabbits were classified equally in to 3 groups, G1 were administrated 28mg/day of aqueous extract of Melia azedarach for 14 days, G2, were administrated 28mg/day of ethanolic extract of Melia azedarach for 14 day, G3 administrated pellets and green food for 14 days. Blood samples were taken at (0, 7, 14) days for separation of serum. Serum cholestero...
Muhammad Farrukh Lateef1, Asad Abbas Khan2 and Muhammad Arif
...llected from Rakh Choti Dalana of D. G. Khan to determine the Forage Biomass and carrying capacity in seeded and unseeded area to evaluate the current condition of the Rakh. Line transect method was applied and quadrat was used to collect the data. The study revealed that forage production was higher in summer season. The carrying capacity of the study area was higher in summer season, and carrying capacity was higher in reseeded range area than unseeded range...
A. S. M. Helal Siddiqui1, Abul Khair2, M. Masudur Rahman3 and S.M. Mosfeka Hasnin4
...entified Ganoderma appalanatum....
G. R. Keerio
...three phases viz. pre-abkalani (before the arrival of inundation water), mid-abkalani (while inundation water is receding) and post-abkalani (after complete receding of inundation water).

The extent of annual regeneration operation depends upon many factors such as, availability of the area, intensity of floods, availability of seed and, the allocation of funds for carrying out the o...

Mohammad Ayaz and Bashir Ahmad Wani
...armlands, making up the balance of 1.663 million m3 (48.8%)....
A. G. Wilkinson
...lows are exotic to New Zealand and have been introduced over the last 160 years for hill country soil erosion control, riverbank protection, shade, windbreaks and woodlot forestry. During the 1960's and 1970s over two million poplars were planted in government subsidized planting has declined dramatically in the late 1980's and 1990's with the emphasis shifting to sustainable land management systems. Radiata pine affoestation, poplar silvipastoral systems, an...
Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...irement of 20-25% for a balanced economy. Consequently we are confronted with variety of problems, including tangible (shortage of timber and firewood) and in-tangible (like poor climate, degrading environment, vanishing wildlife and biodiversity and devastation by floods) ones. A population of over 126 million growing at an alarming rate of 3.1% does not permit to divert area from food crops to arboriculture and necessitates agroferestry (optional growing of ...
A. U. Khan, S. Siddique and F. Naz
...the energy and chemical balance in the plant micro-environment created on the road determine to what extent pollution can be absorved or emitted by these trees....
Chaudhry A. Khaliq
...sborne East Coast. New Zealand DRAGON software was used on a personal computer to enhance, register and classify eleven selected sub-images, each of which covered an area planted with Pinus radiata in one of four different age classes....
M. A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...l fluctuations in water balance parameters of this mistletoe in relation to those of its host, under natural conditions. ...
M. A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...rmation about the water balance factors of this species under natural conditions....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...urpose fellings and the balance of the year's prescribed yield is taken out of that year's coupe.The riverain areas now under the control of the Punjab Forest Department usually represent scattered lands transferred from the control of the Civil administration, mostly in a piece-meal manner. Most of the area is blank, some of it still unstable. The major species are shisham and bahan with some kikar. The present management aims for these area are as follows: ...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Zaheer Ahmad
...nd. To over come this imbalance foresters and researchers have realized the necessity of raising plantations of fast growing trees for quite some time. In this context they became interested in Hybrid poplars, in general, which ranked high among fast growing tree species owing to their intrinsic qualities and in Poplar clone 1-214, in particular, which is a natural selection and has widely been cultivated in Europe (Sheikh)....
M. N. Malik, M. Jamil-ur-Rehman and M. Hafiz
...maintenance of nutrient balance is elaborated....

Duong Thanh Hai1*, Phan Thi Hang1, Nguyen Thi Thuong2, Zábranský Luboš3

...tion of glutamate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartate, threonine and serine were much higher in the fermented group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Based on aboved results mention that fermentation of maize and rice bran by Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased the aroma and taste of chicken meat.
 
Keywords | Aroma, Chicken, Savoury, Meat quality, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Umami taste
...

Farhatul-Ain Arshad1, Asia Bibi1*, Amna Mushtaq1, Rubaida Mehmood2 and Nahid Kausar1

...lting in infertility. A balanced body mass index, physical fitness, biochemical and endocrine ratios play vital role in proper functioning of reproductive system and guard against PCOS development. This study was conducted to investigate the role of socio-demographic variables, lipid and hormonal level/ratios in obese and non-obese PCOS individuals. For this purpose, a total of 300 subjects were recruited from Southern Punjab consisting of obese cases (n=61), ...

Zahid Ali1,2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1*, Nazeer Ahmed1,3, Muhammad Shafi1, Faisal Saeed1 and Abdul Majeed1

...1801) commonly known as Talang queenfish and locally famous as Saram, belongs to the Carangidae family, widely distributed in the Indo-pacific oceans. S. commersonnianus is mainly pelagic fish and commercially important fishery resource from Pakistani waters. Study on population dynamics and stock appraisal is an important for the sustainable use of fishery resource. During current study the length-weight relationship, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate ...

Zhenyu Chang1,3, Qingqing Xiao1,2, Yourong Ye1,2, Mujahid Iqbal4, Mengqi Duan1,2, Yangzom Chamba1,2* and Peng Shang1,2*

...onment and maintain the balance of intestinal flora. However, there are few studies on Tibetan pig lactic acid bacteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from Tibetan pig feces, and to provide experimental materials for the development and utilization of Tibetan pig probiotics. Seventeen strains of Lactobacillus isolated from Tibetan pig manure were identified by physiology, biochemistry, 16S rRNA molecular biology and...

Xinyue Wang1, Shengao Chen1,2*, Fangze Zi1, Jianmin Ge1, Desheng Chang1, Yong Song1 and Congxin Xie2

...described by the von Bertalanffy equation: Lt = 184.79 (1−e−0.1026 (t +1.0458)), Wt = 68.08 (1−e−0.1026 (t + 1.0458))2.5916 for male and Lt = 236.63 (1−e−0.0900 (t + 0.1831)), Wt = 129.16 (1−e−0.0900 (t + 0.1831))2.5916 for female. Age at inflection point for male and female were 8.24 and 10.39 years, respectively. The goal of this study is to better understand the population’s makeup and migratory patterns...

Rumisha Raza1*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Aftab Ahmed Anjum2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1 and Sehrish Firyal1*

... to maintain ecological balance and food chains, this is very important to make strategies for conservation of these predatory birds. However, there is still uncertainty in their taxonomy because these birds are not studied well at genetic level. Morphological identification includes size, color, and body weight etc. which are crude and does not lead to accurate identification at species level. In order to overcome such gaps, the aim of this study was the iden...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Galia Sheinberg Waisburd2, Alberto Martin Cordero3, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Ariadna Flores Ortega4, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez5 

...ore, the efficacy of fluralaner was evaluated against ticks in horses. Horses were treated with fluralaner 25 mg/kg. Most of the ticks were found on the ears (55.63%), the head (23.23%), and the rest of the body (21.12%). Fluralaner appears to provide effective control of ticks for at least 90 days. In this study, with the administration of fluralaner fr...

Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3

...mplexes, the activity of alanine and aspartic aminotransferases, α-amylase in blood serum, erythrocytes, leukocytes, T- and B-lymphocytes, O-cells, and T-helpers. From this study concluded the treating sick dogs, positive changes occurred, which are characterized by an improvement in the general clinical condition , normalization of the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, circulating immune...

Talal Jabal Hussen1, Sattar J.J. Al-Shaeli1*, Baidaa H.R. Al-Mahna2, Hasanain A.J. Gharban3

...se markers are including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas, administration estrogen to mice caused significant dropdown the activity of antioxidant markers including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to control mice. Histologically, tissue sections of liver, spleen and k...

Bushra Irfan1, Muhammad Shahbaz1*, Asif Mukhtiar1, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Muhammad Atif Bashir3, Sabina Asghar4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Samreen Nazeer6*

...arameters) impaired the balance between antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde), and lessened the uptake of essential minerals (potassium and calcium) irrespective of varietal differences. However, the performance of TH-6 was better than TS-5. In addition, the seed priming of thiourea enhanced the sesame photosynthetic pigments and efficiency, secondary metabolites production, antioxidant m...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3

..., creatinine, bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol, and triglycerides in exposed workers. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatine phosphokinase, and serum minerals were notably reduced in exposed workers compared to unexposed counterparts. Prolonged pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated pr...

Usman Ali*, Badat Muwakhid and Dewi Masyithoh

...CSB, Fermentation, New Zealand white, Rabbit, Performance
...

Catur Suci Purwati1, Chusnul Hanim2*, Lies Mira Yusiati2, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto3

...namon powder on protein balance, and blood profile of etawah crossbreed goats. A total of 15 goats with an average initial body weight of 15 - 23 kg and age 8 - 12 months, were used in the study with completely randomised design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replications. The three treatments tested were as follows: A: without adding cinnamon powder (0 g/kg feed DM); treatment B: Concentrate with cinnamon powder addition (30 g/kg feed DM); treat...

Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi1*, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Trilaksana1, I. Wayan Sukernayasa1, Nyoman Oka Widiarta2, I. Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan1, I Made Merdana3

...re is a negative energy balance after childbirth. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that plays a role in conveying metabolic information to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of the ovary. Therefore, this study aims to show that leptin can increase the estrus intensity and the appearance time of postpartum estrus in primiparous cattle. This is a true experiment using a Randomized Pre Post Group Control Design. Furthermore, the leptin administration a...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...ho, Vanessa cardui and Phalanta phalantha. Furthermore, the biodiversity of butterfly fauna found in the present study at Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan could be protected by the government and wild life conservation agencies for sustainable management of these resources. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study shows that butterfly species (Potohar Plateau, Punjab, ...

Razaq Animashahun1, Funmilayo Okeniyi1, Olayinka Alabi1, Samuel Olawoye1, Precious Oluwafemi1, Princess Odhe1, Oluwatola Akintola1, Adedeji Animashahun2

... meat qualities of New Zealand male kit rabbits was conducted. The rabbits, aged eight weeks, were assigned in a Completely Randomized Design into five dietary treatments, each containing 12 rabbits per group with 3 replicates. Treatment 1 served as the control, while treatments 2, 3, and 4 included 6% tithonia, parkia, and synedrella leaf meal, respectively. Treatment 5 consisted of 2% each of these three leaf meals. The results indicated a significant impact...

Zuyang Zhou1, Xi He2, Yufang Liu1, Qiuling Li3, Pingqing Wang2, Yongfu An4, Ran Di1, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*

...ervative substitution of alanine by threonine. g.17924G>A was associated with milk fat percentage, and the milk fat percentage of homozygous genotype AA was significantly higher than the other genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) analysis showed that g.17924G>A in the cows population belonged to the intermediate polymorphism level. The results preliminarily indicated that g.17924 G>A of FASN gene is a potential genetic marker for appl...

Truong Thanh Trung1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Tran Long Hai1

...bred male rabbits (New Zealand White x local), with an average weight of 2.59 ± 0.14 kg, were completely randomized design consisted of five treatments and six replications, with one buck rabbit as an experimental unit. The five experimental treatments were diets containing 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22% crude protein corresponding CP14, CP16, CP18, CP20 and CP22 treatment, respectively. Feedstuffs used in the experiment included fermented soya waste, soyb...

Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istna Mangisah, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto*

...all intestine bacterial balance, protein digestibility, SOD level, relative weights of immune organs, but decreased small intestinal pH, MDA levels and H/L ratio. However, there was no significant effect (p >0.05) on ration feed consumption. In conclusion, the administration of ESCLP improved the performance, small intestine bacterial balance, protein digestibility, and immune system of broiler chickens.
 ...

Baraa Najim Al-Okaily 

...e stress refers to an imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants, resulting in a disturbance of regulation and potential damage to molecules and cells. Thus, this review is designed to highlight the important roles of oxidative stress on various physiological functions particularly in liver and kidney. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals generated within cellular mitochondria that can impact plenty physiological functions...

Muhammad Ariana Setiawan1, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria2*, Andi Mushawwir2

...rmine the effect of the balance of rumen degradable protein (RDP) with non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) in cattle rations on total gas production, gas kinetics and methane gas production in vitro. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). There were six treatments of RDP balance with NFC, namely R1 (1.7), R2 (1.5), R3 (1.8), R4 (1.6), R5 (1.4), and R6 (1.3) with five replications. Research ...

Renny Fatmyah Utamy1*, Ambo Ako1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Zyahrul Ramadan2, Andi Arif Rahman Hakim2,3, Siti Annisa Sukri2

...ible to negative energy balance, which can reduce performance and affect physiological values. Proper feed intake can help address the negative energy balance (NEB), many cows get NEB during this phase. Performance and physiological values at different phases vary, requiring adjustments to nutritional intake based on the lactation phase.
 
Keywords | Heat tolerance, Heat stress, Holstein Friesian...

Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*

Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Hafiz Ullah Khan

...the problem and achieve balanced regional development. The results and findings may prove useful to policymakers and implementing agencies. 

...

Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1, Tamana Bakht2, Luqman5*, Noor Muhammad1, Naeem Khan3, Iqbal Munir4, Ruqayya Qazi1 and Shazia2

... incidence was noted in Kalanderabad (42 and 22%), respectively.Results obtained by this study indicating that both PVY and PLRV are major viruses of potato crop in selected potato growing areas of KPK province which could pose serious threat to the potato crop, development of resistance cultivar against vector insect could be recommended.

...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara*, Tina Sri Purwanti, Budi Hartono, Awang Tri Satria, Izdihar Ratnaduhita Hidayat

...roduct information, and balance environmental values with convenience to enhance consumer satisfaction and drive repeat purchases.
 
Keywords | Consumers value, Attitude towards behavior, Repurchase intention, UHT milk, Dairy product, SEM
...

Jahid Hasan Tipu1, Md Ashraful Islam2, Md Altafur Rahman3, Md. Nazim Uddin4, Obaidul Islam5* 

...as estimated by digital balance, and other body measurements were estimated by measuring tape and scale. Our findings indicated that the lowest deviation was 0.08% in the 1–2-year age female group and the highest deviation was 5.26% in the 6-month age male group with a deviation from the actual body weight. Additionally, the linear regression equations developed in this study for predicting the live body weight on heart girth, body length, and a combinat...

Sutaryo Sutaryo1*, Jeksen Nikolas1, Nain Ufidiyati1, Ivena Setiany1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1 

...its. A total of 28 New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits, aged 9–10 weeks (body weight = 1.45 ± 0.45 kg), were used in a completely randomized design. The rabbits were divided into four treatment groups (seven replications per treatment): basal feed (T0), and basal feed with 4% (T1), 8% (T2), and 12% (T3) ILM inclusion. As the level of ILM inclusion increased, the level of SBM in the ration decreased accordingly. The results indicated that nutrient...

Hina Abrar1*, Hina Yasin1, Hira Naeem2, Rabia Bushra1, Shaukat Mahmood2 and Kaneez Fatima3

... liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and bilirubin (BRB) were measured and compared with the normal values. Additionally, histological examination was done through micrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to estimate the intensity of hepatotoxicity induced by PHY and PHY with PRL. Animals received PHY alone treatment showed a significant elevation of liver enzymes than ...

Fazli Amin1*, Amjad Usman1, Maqsood Shah¹ and Sarzamin Khan²

...d, including the use of balancing of nutrients. One such nutritional strategy for reducing stress is the incorporation of Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) as a feed additive. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the impact of T. molitor as a feed supplement on the performance, immunity, and economics of heat-stressed broilers. A total of 150 (day-old) broilers were randomly allocated to five dietary groups: such as D0 (control), D1, D2, D3, and D4, pro...

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun1,2*, Olusegun O. Ikusika1, Conference T. Mpendulo1

...erformance, and their imbalance can generate acidosis or alkalosis, thus making the metabolic pathways in the animal organism inefficient. This research aimed to evaluate the optimum sodium requirements for growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Two hundred growing quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates, with eight birds each. The treatment consisted of a basal diet (control) containing ...
Aamir Khan Awan1, Nighat Sultana1*, Rahmat Ali Khan2, Rifhat Sultana3
Umm-e-Kalsoom1, Fayaz Ahmed Sahibzada4, Rifat Ullah Khan5, Naimat Ullah Khan6, Nazir Ahmad Khan7, Syed Haider Zaman8, Mir Sadiq Shah9 and Assar Ali Shah10*
...n, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, serum creatinine and total proteins were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in response to oral dosing of three varieties of P. granatum peel methanolic and aqueous extracts which were comparable to healthy control. Moreover, the aqueous extracts and wild P. grantaum were more effective than methanolic extracts and other species against hyperglycemia and biochemical profiles of treated rats. It was conc...

Abd El-Alim F. Abd El-Alim1, Abdelhakeem El-Murr2*, Tahsein Hasan1

...duction (P < 0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 57.36 ± 1.02 to 36.27 ± 1.08 IU/ L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 72.45 ± 1.86 to 72.45 ± 1.86 IU/ L, creatinine from 1.42 ± 0.14 to 0.75 ± 0.06 mg/dL and urea from 38.62 ± 1.12 to 23.69 ± 0.98 mg/dL in positive control and T3, respectively. Meanwhile, serum protein and hematological parameters enhanced in T1, T2 and T3 in comparing with...

Adham Omar Mohamad Sallam1*, Ashraf Abd El-Hakem Ahmed El-Komy1, Enas Abdulrahman Hasan Farag2, Samar Saber Ibrahim3

...elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine caused by Meloxicam toxicity. Additionally, oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly reduced, while antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed marked improvement in the GSE-treated groups (p ≤ 0.05). Histological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed these findings,...

Dalia Hamid Mansour1, Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem2, Marwa Hassan3, Yousry Ibrahim4, Ibrahim M. Hegab5*

... albumin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline Phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea and creatinine as well as examining the histological alterations in internal and lymphoid organs and bacteriological analysis of cecal bacterial count. One hundred and five chicks were divided into 3 groups, Group A, in which chicks (n=35) was vaccinated and taken Biocid® for the entire experimental period (31 days) in both feed...

Nguyen Hoang Qui*, Nguyen Thuy Linh 

...ation of treatments was balanced based on the sex of the broilers. The birds were provided with feed and water ad libitum. The experimental protocol involved the incorporation of an aqueous extract derived from fermented garlic (FG) into the animals’ drinking water. The highest weights for carcass, breast, and thigh were observed in the 0.8% FG treatment, while the 0.6% FG treatment resulted in the highest weights for liver and small intestine (p < 0....

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Arbab Jahangeer1, Muhammad Arshad1, Naveed Akhtar2, Ansar Hussain3, Mussarrat Hussain4, Muhammad Shahid5 and Qaisar Abbas4

... that provides the best balance of plant population, height, number of sympodial branches, boll number, and seed cotton yield. 

...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abdul Latief Toleng1, Hasrin Hasrin2, Abdullah Baharun3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah1,4, Santoso Santoso4, Rahmat Rahmat1

...mones, where an optimal balance of estrogen and progesterone hormones in superior heifers supports larger ovary and uterine sizes and better quality of cervical mucus. Increases fertilization and reproductive success. Assessment of the Reproductive Tract Score (RTS) and cervical mucus characteristics is a very effective and accurate method in Bali cattle breeding and reproductive management programs. In conclusion, both RTS and cervical mucus characteristics a...

Aamara Ibrahim1, Ihsan Mabood Qazi1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Hisham Javed1, Fawad Ahmad2 and Sadia Mukhtar1

...ge cheese blend that is balanced in terms of nutrition and aligns with consumer preferences. However, it is important to note that the applicability of these findings may vary based on regional sensory preferences, highlighting the need for additional research involving diverse populations. This research offers valuable information for dairy companies looking to expand their range of cheeses prepared from different species like cow and goat while ensuring both...

Kai Wang, Weifeng Xu, Pengyuan Dai and Chunmei Li*

...oxide dismutase (T-SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO1 in liver tissue was also not significantly different. These results indicate that PNP may damage liver tissue through oxidative stress. Arg may improve growth performance and attenuate PNP-induced liver inflammation in healthy animals, but not by reducing oxidative levels.

...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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