Reviewed by John Shook, University at Buffalo, USA; Email: jshook@pragmatism.org
Science, Religion and Culture
... important issues with honesty and clarity....
Zahir Shah, Shakoor Ahamd, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Murad Ali Khan and Javid Ali
...was incised under local anesthesia. After surgical procedure site was closed by applying mattress sutures. Adjunct therapy of broad-spectrum antibiotic was administered intramuscularly for five days as a post-operative measure. Catamnesis revealed that the healing was complete in 14 days with no recurrence and untoward consequences....
Hafiz Aftab Ahmed1, Asif Ali2, Akbar Ali2, Salman Ahmed Abid3 and Sajid Umar4*
...recumbence, under local anesthesia achieved by 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The skin was apposed with simple interrupted sutures using silk. Post-operative care was continued for five days. Clinical signs abated in all operated animals, proving that the technique employed was effective and of simple execution for the treatment of dorsal patellar fixation in bovine.
...
Farkhanda Manzoor1, Iram Amin2,*, Muhammad Shahid2,Samia Afzal2,Hania Ramzan1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah2 and Muhammad Idrees3
...arvae pool was tested by nested PCR for detection of dengue virus. Out of total 50 pools of Aedes aegypti larvae, DV-2 was the most prevalent serotype. DENV-1 was not found in any pool. While all pools of Aedes albopictus were negative for dengue virus. Our study showed that the main cause of spreading of dengue virus was Aedes aegypti. Serotype DENV-2 was dominant in the field collected larvae of Aedes aegypti in Lahore and Sheikhu...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
... (KPK), Pakistan. A semi-nested multiplex PCR was used to amplify the cDNA of the four dengue serotypes. Six out of 35 (17.14%) adult mosquito pools were found positive for dengue virus with type-2 (77.77 %) and type-3 (11.11 %) while a single (11.11%) pool of concurrent infection with type 2 & 3 was also detected. The adult Ae. aegypti belonging to Shuba Bazaar showed 33% positivity for DENV with minimum infection rate (MIR) 11.1 while that of Wazi...
Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan
...med under paravertebral anesthesia at T13, L1-3 using xylocaine 2% in standing position after proper sedation. The operated site was prepared for aseptic surgical procedure. A vertical incision was given in middle of the left flank region. Twin fetuses (one male and female) were surgically removed with care to avoid proliferation of uterine contents into the peritoneal cavity. Penicillin powder was dusted into the surroundings area of the uterus. The cow was t...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...o other ardeidae members nesting in the neighborhood. They prefer sites for nest building, which have regular accessibility of water, and usual human activities are common nearby. The breeding period was discerned to be start from April to August and Acacia nilotica was observed as most preferred tree for nesting followed by Syzygium cuminii. At three selected sites, 30
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
... the process of pairing, nest site selection, egg laying, incubation and brooding of the crested ibis in the wild was studied in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Luoshan County, Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to May 2015, a total of 78 captive-bred individuals have been released into the reserve and monitored through radio transmitters or satellite transmitters. Twelve nests of 10 pairs were recorded over three br...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
... the process of pairing, nest site selection, egg laying, incubation and brooding of the crested ibis in the wild was studied in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Luoshan County, Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to May 2015, a total of 78 captive-bred individuals have been released into the reserve and monitored through radio transmitters or satellite transmitters. Twelve nests of 10 pairs were recorded over three br...
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
...alone.
...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang*
...unnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Pikas have two types of burrow systems, namely temporary and permanent burrows. The number of surface holes and length of tunnels were significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. Tunnel width and tunnel height were not significantly different between the temporary and permanent bur...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...rrent study investigated nesting use of tree species by avifauna at Pabbi Range Forest Kharian (32.811°N and 73.865°E), District Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sampling sites by searching and identifying nests of different bird species in various vegetation types and observing birds on the nest. The nest
Phong Huy Pham1 and Hoa Thi Dang2
...The first information on nesting biology, description, and distributional notes are also provided....
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...es of mice or rats were anesthetized for ovarian transplantation using (6.2 and 13.2 mg/kg BW) and (13.3 and 26.6 mg/kg BW) diazepam and xylazine, respectively. The female of control group was subjected to sham operation whereas the other two groups were subjected to ovarian transplantation from adult to adult and (adult-adult) and from young to adult (young-adult). After 8 weeks of ovarian transplantation, the females were mated with vasectomized males and we...
Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat1
...string tightness is commonest cause of altered biomechanics of ankle, knee, hip and spine. Long persistent tightness results in pain, decreased range of motion and others pathologies in knee joint. Stretching techniques are used to treat muscle tightness. In clinical settings, different stretch holding times are used to treat hamstring tightness. The purpose of the study was to determine effects of different static stretch holding-times on hamstring muscles fl...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...ins on insect acetylcholinesterase (AChEs). The enzyme activities were tested for the effect of saponins. The AChE activity of T. castaneum was inhibited by the saponins and follows competitive inhibition kinetics. In case of A. mellifera enzyme activity was not inhibited. In vitro and in vivo inhibition was observed for T. castaneum at larval stages, in dose dependent and time dependent manner. LC50 was determined to ...
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and John E. Foster6
...cephalus microplus Canestrinito JMO71 was determined. Ticks were manually collected from cross-bred beef cattle, and then the heterorhabditid nematodes assayed against these ticks using the Petri dish assay. Concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 IJs were applied in 1 mL of sterile distilled water dispensed on the surface of a couple of moistened filter papers. For each treatment concentration, 10 adult engorged ticks were placed in the Petri ...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...ts of total intravenous anesthesia, xylzine-ketamine and inhalation anesthesia, isoflurane was clinically compared in healthy female rabbits (n=16) undergoing ovariohysterectomy. One group of 8 rabbits was anesthetized with combination of xylazine (3mg/kg) and ketamine (10mg/kg, I/V), while the second group (n=8) was pre-anesthetized with xylazine, follo...
Zheng Quan Jiang1,2, Feng Shan Li3, Jiang Hong Ran1,*, Chen Hao Zhao1, Man Zhang1 and Hua Li4
...tan, and India. Study on nest type and size is useful for understanding the life history, evolution and adaptation of birds. A survey was conducted on nest size and the underlying regulatory factors of Black-necked Cranes from 25 March to 31 July in 2013 and 2014 at Ruoergai Internationally Important Wetland and its surrounding area, covering 83 nests. Four types of <...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...e survival rate of avian nests. We monitored nesting attempts of the “Vulnerable” brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) to compare microhabitat characteristics of successful and unsuccessful nests in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2014 except for 2008. Forty (62.5%) of the 64 n...
Ambrina Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*
...ke total esterases, cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, arylesterase and carboxylesterase in 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of deltamethrin-resistant populations’ viz., Gujranwala, Okara and D.G. Khan was significantly increased as compared to susceptible population of T. granarium (population never exposed to any kind of insecticide/fumigant since 2001). Different develo...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
...v>While using artificial nest boxes to protect Mandarin duck Aix galericulata in a secondary forest in Northeast China, we found mixed clutches that contained eggs of Mandarin duck and other species over 11 breeding seasons (2004 - 2014). We monitored the frequency of occurrence and the fate of eggs in those nests and recorded fourteen cases of mixed clutches that contained Mandarin duck eggs. Nine cases were classifi...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Shafqat Rasool1, Faraz Akrim1, Shaista Andleeb1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2 and Fiaz Nadeem3
...ley, while single cavity nest of the Tawny owl was located in a mountain ridge at Kalinger valley site.
... 
Mohammed Zaki Fathy*
...total recovery times of anesthesia were 7.33±3.05 min and 3.33±1.53 min, 26.33±3.51 min and 45±3.00 min and 64±4.58 min and 86.67±6.11 min in G1 and G2 respectively. In G1, presence of a significant decrease in RBCs, PCV and Hb values and apnea was recorded. However, non-significant hematological changes were reported in G2. In conclusion, ketamine was produced by rapid induction, long duration, smooth recovery and ...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
... practice use of single anesthetic drug has failed to induce a safe and deep anesthesia for surgical as well as painful conditions. However, this problem can be solved with usage of anesthetic combinations. This study was aimed at comparative evaluation of two anesthetics combinations viz. ketamine-xyalzine (K+X) and ketamine-xylazine-diazepam (K+...
Rahim Dad Brohi1,*, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro1, Allah Bux Kachiwal1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1, Sarfaraz Ahmed2, Farhan Anwar Khan3, Hira Sajjad Talpur1, Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Dinesh Bhattaria4
.... The administration of anesthesia on the other hand caused a significant (P<0.01) increase in the pulse rate and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in the respiratory rate. The body temperature decreased (P<0.01) with all the three anesthetic regimens. The means of safe induction of anesthesia (propofol, 14.00 ± 0.2582; and thiopentone sodium, 14.83 ± 0.1667 seconds) a...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...3 per minute. Six active nests of Chukor were found at five different sampling sites; nest location was mostly on sloping areas under sanatha Dodonaea viscosa shrubs. Nesting material consisted of dry leaves of annual grass Poa annua, small twigs of bushes and downy feathers. The depth of nest ranged between 5-10 cm. Clutch size ranged from...
Phong Huy Pham
Nesting biology of a spider wasp Auplopus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in Vietnam
...n of a desert house. The nest was constructed with a single row or two rows of 3 - 6 exposed mud cells, one of which was open. Each closured cell was provisioned with a single prey spider whose legs were amputated. The prey spiders were immatures of a species of the genus Heteropoda, family Sparassidae. Developmental time of egg, larva, pre-pupa, pupa, and pre-adult was 6 - 7, 13 - 14, 5 - 7, 41 - 43, and 3 - 4 days, respectively. The duration of egg to adult ...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...glycemia due to general anesthesia. Seventy-five albino female mice (21.74 ± 0.19) were distributed into three groups; control (G1; N=25; not receive N. sativa oil) and two N. sativa oil groups supplemented with either 1.0% (G2; N=25) or 2.0% (G3; N=25) for 30 days. Changes of body temperature, heart rate, blood parameters (RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose and total protein), oocyte quality after ovarian transplantation (cumlus ...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
...movements. The fish was anesthetized and liver were removed after 48 and 96 hours for histopathologicalstudies. The histopathological changes observed in liver were degeneration of hemopoietic tissue, destruction of hepatocytes, degeneration of bile duct, inflammatory infiltration, vacuolization, pyknosis, presence of MMCs and necrosis in hepatocytes. It can be concludedthat methylmercury has harmful effects on histology of liver of fish. Therefore, the presen...
Ahmad Ali1,2,* and Aleem Ahmed Khan1
...dam, jacket, socks-ball, nest-net, adda and laggar falcon (Falco jugger)/white eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa) as bait technique were recorded. Out of these eight techniques two i.e. sock-ball and laggar falcon (F. jugger) /white eyed buzzard (B. teesa) as bait technique were documented for the first time. The size of sock ball is about 7-8cm in diameter having noose traps of 7-8cm in size used to install on the surface.Laggar ...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
... toxicity and acetylcholinesterase activity of selected venom fractions were determined using of Musca domestica adults. Only one fraction (out of 7) from H. tamulus venom and one fraction (out of 5) of A. finitimus venom were selected on the basis of their maximum yield. The approximate molecular weights of these selected venom fractions were determined by SDS Gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of venom fractions of H. tamulus
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...were further screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was investigated that 5.7% (2382) of the total population (4758) tested was positive, among which the female 15.4% (367) possessed antibodies in their blood against HBV. Our results showed a higher male percentage than that of the female. The total HBV prevalence was recorded at 4.5% in all populations comprising both male and female. It was conclud...
Gong Ga1,2 and SuoLang Sizhu2,*
... and intestine, n=21) by nested RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. HEV antigens were detected in tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis. Overall, we found that that eight serum samples (4.6%, 8/173) were positive to anti-HEV IgM antibody and Seventeen serum sample (9.8%, 17/173) were positive for anti-HEV IgG antibody. The HEV RNA positive rate was of 4.6% (8/173) in feces and serum. Moreover, the prevalence of HEV RNA was 9.5% (2/21) in swine liver, 4.8% (1/21) in sw...
Dongping Liu1, Guogang Zhang1, Chao Wang2, Baoping Qing2 and Jun Lu1,*
...d polyandry and 43.1% of nests were observed colonial in single tree in the reintroduced population, probably due to male-biased sex ratio and better nesting conditions. First nest failure in reintroduced population occurred much earlier than that in wild, which resulted in significantly higher probability of re-nesting. The phenotypic plasticity in cres...
Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7
...er, 2014. The cup shaped nests were made of dry grass and roots by a group of individuals of jungle babbler on Albizzia species having an average clutch size of 4 eggs. Average peripheral and core diameter, depth of nest was 13, 9 and 7 cm, respectively. Breeding completed in 36 days including incubation, nestling, post nestling and fledgling stag...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
...roductive anomalies are anestrous, the development of corpus-luteum cysts, follicular ovarian cysts, delayed age at puberty, repeated estrous cycles, dystocia, abortions, dead fetuses and retention of the fetal membranes. OT administered exogenously or secreted endogenously, establishes in minutes the desired effects and metabolized to inactive products rapidly in the body. Irrespective of whether OT is ingested with milk or secreted into the milk, it is degra...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...of total esterases, cholinesterase and carboxylesterase increased significantly in both the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Lab-S and GUW populations when compared with their respective controls. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was significantly decreased (28.94 and 42.42%) in the 4th instar larvae of Lab-S population after treatments with bifenthrin and bifenthrin: chlorpyrifos combination...
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...sed on monitored data of nesting locations and climate variables gathered from 2014 to 2017 around Zhalong Reserve on the Songnen Plain in northeast China, we used four General Circulation Models in Maxent modeling to project changes, including suitability and fragmentation, in RCC breeding habitat up to the year 2050. Based on climate change, we predicted a decline in 2050 of suitable and sub-suitable habitat from the current 26.2% to 14.3%-19.7% in the study...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...ve advantage in reducing nest depredation risk and brood parasitism, and it could be viewed as an indicator to assess the pressure of sexual selection between two sexes.
...
Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2
Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...ersity , which makes the nesting behavior a vital factor when investigating the life of birds. This study was conducted to know the trees used for nesting by avifauna species of Sheikh Badin National Park. The current study was conducted at Sheikh Badin National Park from October 2018 to September 2019 . Most birds’ breeding was observed from May to August. The dominant tree and shrub species include Ziziph...
Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*
Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
...wheat grain. Thus, the finest way to combat the Zn deficiency is to produce the grains of wheat having desirable Zn contents at farmer’s field. The breeding and agronomic (fertilizer application) bio-fortification approaches are important ones to increase Zn concentration in wheat grains up to desirable levels. The genetic techniques are costly, and sustainable, however, they are long term and requires large breeding activities and resources. Conversely,...
Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...tested through ELISA and nested PCR for serological investigations and molecular characterization respectively. In this study, animals of group A (32.5%) showed significantly greater seropositivity (P<0.05) against BLV than group B (16%). Furthermore, exotic breeds of cattle showed significantly greater seropositivity (18.75%) compared to the local breeds of cattle (5.5%). Nested PCR on each of the 10% seropositive and ne...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...gs collection from their nests, nest destruction, predators, fire, habitats loss, overgrazing, disease and harsh environmental conditions. Awareness campaigns and enforcement of legislation are recommended to save the population of chakor.
...
Monoar Pallab*, Moktadir Reza and Debashish Sarker
...r sedation and regional anesthesia. A small portion of saline tube was inserted into the teat cannel to maintain the flow of milk and prevent adhesion during healing. Muscle and skin were closed by interrupted and continuous sutures respectively. The animal recovered without any complications three weeks post-operatively....
Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1
...ts in the high epidural anesthetic technique and high epidural anesthetic drugs injected to induce epidural analgesia in small ruminants like caprine and ovine. The information was obtained from published papers of last twenty years via research gateways such as; PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants ...
Asif Sadam*, Rahmat Ullah Khan and Sajid Mahmood
...dentariness and specific nesting sites.
... 
Mokbel, Samah A.1,Ahmed K. El Attar1; Azza G.Farag2.
...on utilizing
nested and direct PCR as well as DNA sequencing was used for the diagnosis of the
witches‟ Broom infection. Total DNA was isolated from leaf tissues of infected hibiscus
plants. Nestedpolymerase chain reaction(PCR) was performed using the universal -
phytoplasma specific primers; P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2.Witches‟ broom specific primers
SR1/ SR2, at the s...
Amal Mahmoud1&2 and Medhat H. Hashem3
Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy
...children with ELISA, and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, to study the frequency of RV infection in Egyptian infants and young children during the summer season 2012 and the effect of certain risk factors including age and gender on the extent and impact of RV infection. The study included 73 infants and young children attending the pediatric Clinic,Al-Zhraa University Hospital in the period from May to October 2012...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. Shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1, Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...sitively when assayed by nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using universal
phytoplasma-specific primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. Similar assays were used
to detect phytoplasma interactions with experimentally host plant. Dienes’ stain was also
used for detection of natural infection of phytoplasma. The phloem of infected tissues
showed scattered area stained bright blue. Different techniques for t...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1, Seham, A.El-Zeedy1, El-Sanousi, A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1, Abbas, A.M1
... about 1209 bp while the nested one from the start ATG is 1000 bp ,seven out of nine samples have been reported positive by the 2 sets of primers, then the specific band at the expected size of the whole length of EHV-1 (EHV-1gD) gene of the local isolate was sent for sequence analysis, multiple alignment revealed single nucleotide substitution at the base pair number 121 from the start codon which give lead to single Amino Acid Substitution from CAG (Glutamin...
Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed
...200 have no antibody againest LSDV. The results of clinco-pathological revealed highly significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and uric acid, while the level of total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant decrease and non-significant reaction in creatinine and non-organic phosphorus in infected cattle. The results of antioxidant both malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase enzyme (CAT) showed significant increase while level of gloutathion (GSH),...
Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2
...were re‐amplified with nested‐PCR to verify phytoplasma incidence using the
nested primers R16F2/R2.
Results: DAS-ELISA confirmed the presence of PNRSV in the tested peach trees. For phytoplasma
incidence, the universal primers P1/P7 amplified one fragment of about 1800 bp in length. Nested PCR
amplified amplicons of 1,200 bp; hence confi...
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
...ry cavity and non-cavity nesting. For this purpose, different species of secondary cavity and non-cavity nesting passerines were subjected to two phases of trials: in the first trial birds were released in an experimental cage and allowed them to accommodate themselves in darkness for 10 min. In the second trial we turned on the dimmer to a given luminance for 2 min. We found that activity threshold for secondary c...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...screened for EHV-1 using nested PCR that amplify the conserved fragment of
glycoprotein B gene (ORF 33), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
Results: The study revealed that 19% of our samples were positive to EHV-1 and phylogenetic
analysis showed that the Egyptian EHV-1 isolates were more than 99% similarity to European
abortogenic isolates (EHV-1 strains: Army 183 and Suffolk/48/2013). Indeed, th...
Shimaa M. Gad1, Ahmed A. Kheder1, Mohamed A. Awad 2
...iv>used as a template in nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) using universal primer pairs
P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to identify the
detected phytoplasmas.
Results: Phytoplasma was transmitted successfully from naturally infected gazania to healthy
ornamental plants by dodder and insect. Transmission electron microscopy...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...TC propagated LSDV as a onestep
quality control for in process LSDV indicating all what in the sample as well as an indication for
virus purity. The presence of LSDV with very high degree of confidence and the presence of other
similar species in the capripox genus as they share a lot of conserved areas all over their genomes
remain to be addressed to fully exploit the potential of the nanopore technology, togeth...
Donglai Li1,Mei Han1,Huw Lloyd2, Linyu Jin1, Lei Zhang1, Jiangxia Yin1 and Dongmei Wan1*
...unrelated offspring when nests have extra-pair young (EPY). Theoretical models predict that cuckolded males should lower their parental investment as the likelihood of paternity decreases. However, empirical data are not always in support of this prediction.Here, we explore parental behaviours within the context of extra-pair patenity (EPP) in a population of the varied tit Parus varius in China. The results showed that 39.5% of
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...tats characteristics for nesting. We looked for possible differences in breeding ecology of two bird species, the plain laughingthrush Garrulax davidi concolor and Elliot,s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii in lianhuashan, try to figure out the mechanisms permit stable coexisting of these two species, and hypothesized that the different nesting site selection favours coexisting of these two spec...
Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1
...ns of body masses in cleanest and polluted sites were inversely related with water quality while intermediate quality sites were highly variable in modality and there is no consistency between the number of modes, ASPT and Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score. If anything, the negative relationship has been revealed between water quality (BMWP score and ASPT) and the number of modes and this negative correlation was significant R2 = 0.5072, p <0...
Muhammad Zohaib1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari1*, Bushra Allah Rakha2* and Ali Akhter2
... Pakistan. A total of 69 nests were located in the study area; breeding activity was observed in 51 active nests. The successful nests for breeding activity were recorded in parks (46%) followed by orchards (28%) and agricultural fields (27%). Highest percentage of successful nests was found on forks (48%) while nests ...
Monif AlRashidi1*, Sami Saeed M. Hassan2 and Mohammed Shobrak3
...study recorded the first nesting attempt of the Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) in Al-Fanateer Island, located about 1.5 km east of Jubail Industrial City, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A trail camera was used to record and describe the nest attendance behavior of this species over 24 h. The results showed that the egg was incubated more than 80% in each two-hour period except for the periods (00:00 - 01:59...
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
...y back to their northern nesting grounds. The hunters had no hunting permits for hunting and most people hunted for recreation, pet, captive breeding and sale. The present study concludes that demoiselle cranes are being illegally hunted at a large scale in the study area resulting in decline in their population. There is a dire need of law enforcement to conserve the bird species in the study area.
...
Phong Huy Pham1,2
...took place at its former nests and involved both males and females. Whereas the females often gathered very closely on the top surface of the nests, males often roosted alone at the nest petiole or a certain site outside the nest, about 2–10 cm from the females. Under unfavorable weather conditions individuals were totally immobile. Severe weather ...
Neven Waheeb1*, Sherif Marouf2, Essam Nasr3, Shaymaa Abdelmalek2
...A primers through a semi-nested PCR technique.
Keywords | ELISA, PCR, 16srRNA
...
Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*
...fset, is widely used in anesthesia during surgeries, whereas less commonly administrated in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study is designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group trial. Eligible 254 adult patients in ICU requiring MV for more than 24 h and ventilated for less than 48 h at the enrollment are randomly assigned to either the ‘remifentanil group’ or the ‘fentanyl group’, in which opioid...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Chinedu Ifeanyi Atama*, Fejiokwu Esther Chioma, Ifeanyi O Aguzie, Godwin I Ngwu and Christopher Didigwu Nwani
...iases is one of the commonest ill-causing factors in donkeys and horses. It is therefore important that strategic treatment of equines be undertaken....
Nuzhat Naseem, Sajid Abdullah and Sana Aziz*
...mined by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference Test. Phytase supplementation decreased the moisture content and increased the crude ash, protein and fat significantly in proximate composition of whole-body of the fish and hence, improved the meat quality of Labeo rohita fingerlings....
Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
... by providing floral and nesting resources may enhance carrot seed production in Punjab, Pakistan....
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
... were found to be making nests on trees only. A clear pattern of habitat selection is present in the study area where poplar is a winner species in richness of birds, but dominant eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis could retain only half the number of species than poplar. It is recommended that if native trees are required to be replaced by exotic trees Eucalyptus should not be the first choice, but preference should be given to poplar for retaining the nativ...
Tao Ren1, Guiqiu Cao2, Xiao Han3, Feng Tan1, Qiaoli Chen4, Shicheng Yang5 and Haiyan Zhang6*
...al study, the rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected to scrutinize the various parameters such as creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine, troponin-T (TRT), cholesterol, C - reactive protein (CRP), and concentration of mitochondrial enzymes viz., Ca2+, Na+ and K+ ions were estimated in blood. Heart tissue was also isolated for caspase-3 activity. Our result showed that nari...
Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6
...l changes, nymphomania, anestrus, repeat breeding, pelvic ligament relaxation, tails head elevation, determination of progesterone level in plasma and milk by using kits of progesterone assay, and to confirm the diagnosis of COD, mostly trans rectal palpation and trans rectal ultrasonography methods have been used. COD should be treated by using different treatment protocols such as hormonal, medicinal and homeopathic medicines....
Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...l skylark Alauda gulgula nestling from hatching to 8th day very carefully during the breeding season (April, May, June, and July) 2019, in district Bajaur. A total of 70 nestlings of 22 nests were studied systematically. The eggs were hatched out both from the middle point and blunt end. All the eggs were hatched asynchronously with closed eyes and a naked body. They opened their eyes on a...
Omnia Mohamed Khattab1*, Hala Kamel Abdelmegeed2, Mohamed Mahmoud Mashaly1, Mervat Hamdy1*, Naglaa Hagag1, Ayman Hamed3, Hanan Aly Fahmy3, Essam Ibrahim4, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein2, Elsayyad Mohamed Ahmed2
...ected isolates using the nested PCR (n-PCR), sanger sequencing of gB from three isolates with phylogenetic analysis reveals the full identity between the Egyptian isolates from the outbreaks and other EHV-4 strains available in databases proving wide distance with other EHV-8 and EHV-1. The study recommends rt-PCR as a screening test for the tentative diagnosis of EHV-4 in epidemiological studies and n-PCR as a sensitive differential test for the virus detecti...
Hazem E. M. Hassanien1*, Awad M. M. Mahmoud2, Elsayed M. Abdel-Raouf1, Nabil M. Eweedah1 and Midhat. N. Nassif3
...29 SD were enrolled in a nested block design trial at 29 d prior anticipated parturition through 90 d in milk. A factorial arrangement of treatments -3 DCAD concentrations Tr1. (0.0, -100 or -180 mEq/kg DM) and -2 postpartum DCAD concentrations Tr2. (+250 or +350 mEq/kg DM). Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -180 DCAD compared with -100 or 0.0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +350 mEq/kg compared with those fed +250 mEq/kg DCAD. Prepar...
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...nvestigated in 16 active nests at 6 different sites during the current study. Nest construction was primarily initiated by the male while female joined later on. Mean size of circumference of the nest was 3.27 inch, mean length of tunnel 2.82 feet. Clutch size varied between 1 and 5 with an average of 3.25 per nest. Both parents incubated the eggs which ...
Mohamed Saleh*, S.E. Laban, G.Z. Mostafa, S.T. Moubarak
...ng the microbial load of nest bedding material as a first step in reducing contamination of broiler breeder hatching eggs. In a closed broiler breeder farm where birds were housed on built-up litter, the two disinfectants were used for the disinfection of nest bedding (sawdust). Paraformaldehyde powder was mixed manually with nest bedding (5 grams per nest
Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2
...further tested with an Honestly Significant Difference (Hsd). The highest significant difference in physical quality of wafer (P<0.05) were found among treatments. The P4 group had the highest density (0.230 ± 0.16 g/cm3), while the P1 group had the highest absorption (77.60%). The P0 group had the highest thickness swelling (12.95 ± 0.04 %), while both of P1 and P3 had the highest texture hardness (52.20 ± 0.14 and 52.19 ± 0.14 ...
Muhammad Halim Natsir*, Osfar Sjofjan, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli, Lizar Basnelda, Dimas Frisky Apriyanto, Wahyu Tri Utami
...logy 500 mm. The two-way nested Anova with eight treatments and four replication was employed, with each experimental unit consisting of eight Lohmann broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of B1T0 = basal diet, B1T1 = basal diet + 0.4% avocado seed flour, B1T2 = basal diet + 0.8% avocado seed flour, B1T3 = basal diet + 1.2% avocado seed flour, B2T0 = basal diet, B2T1 = basal diet + 0.4% avocado seed flour enhanced with nanotechnology, B2T2 = basal diet + ...
Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4
...an. After the rats were anesthetized, 2cm2 wounds were created and inoculated with bacterial suspension of S. aureus (ATCC 12600) equivalent to the 0.5 MacFarland tube. The hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum, and their active ingredients including carvacrol and hypericin, were prepared, and then TiO2N.Ps. were prepared from them using isopropoxide. The antibiotic methicillin and calcium alginate pad was also loaded as control of ...
Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Taj Muhammad2, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah3, Khezir Hayat4, Muhammad Zahid Aslam5 and Abdul Sattar6
...date of 16th June. The finest lint-bearing micronaire value (3.9656) was obtained by normal season sowing in 1stMay. Late sowing on 16th June resulted in coarse lint with (4.8189) micronaire value. Tough staple was found (33.511 g tex-1) at 1st March sowing, while frail staple (28.856 g tex-1) resulted in 16th May planting. In prevailing climatic conditions sowing of cotton on the earliest dates gave optimum seed cotton yield in South Punjab, while June sowing...
Chattida Panprom1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Wannisa Meepoo1, Soontaree Petchdee2*
...n selecting appropriate anesthetic protocols and managing dogs with moderate to severe valvular degeneration during general soft tissue surgery. Three client-owned dogs with valve degeneration stages C or D who underwent general anesthesia for surgical treatment were included in this study. All dogs in this study were assigned to receive diazepam 0.3 mg/kg body weight, alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg body weight, and a perioperative fl...
Emtiaz Ibrahim Ghoniem, Gaber Mamdouh Abdelgalil, Amira Farouk Gad* and El-Sayed Hassan Eshra
...evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in T. pisana intoxicated with two sublethal doses of CuSO4 (0.25 and 0.5 of LD50) after 24, 48 and 72 h were examined. The results indicated that the LD50 values of CuSO4 were 166.5, 92.59 and 70.63 µg/g b.w for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The biochemical effects of CuSO4 led to a significant increment o...
Jin-Ming Zhao1,2, Yun Fang2 and Yue-Hua Sun2*
... main contributor to the nest failures of Chinese grouse. Therefore, it is urgent to estimate nest age of Chinese grouse accurately before taking appropriate conservation actions. In this study, we estimated the nest age of Chinese grouse using the weight loss method, which has been found to be easily been conducted and also has a high accuracy compared with other methods, such as egg cand...
Carla Meneguin Barbosa1*, Fabio Gregori2, Cairo Monteiro1, Thais Helena Martins Gamon1, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli1, Tânia de Freitas Raso2 and Edison Luiz Durigon1
Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Haqnawaz Yousaf3 and Imad Ul Din Zangi4
...rded in March, April and nesting started in May and June. Incubation started in June, July and mostly hatching occurred in end of June and July. Nests were made up of grasses and leaves of cheer pine. The clutch size of seven eggs was recorded from two nests. The eggs shell was buffy white or creamy, oval shaped, elongated and pointed towards one end. Camera trap recorded the hatching acti...
Nurul Isnaini*, Karl Wenas, Muhammad Firdaus Solihin, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Faizal Andri
...ggshell quality of white-nest swiftlets. A total of 200 white-nest swiftlet eggs were included in this study. The egg weight was classified into three groups, namely Group EW1: 1.61 - 1.80 g, Group EW2: 1.81 - 2.00 g, and Group EW3: 2.01 - 2.20 g. The egg shape index was classified into three groups, namely Group ESI1: 60.01 - 65.00%, Group ESI2: 65.01 - 70.00%, and Group ESI3: 70.01 - 75.00%. The results showed that hatchin...
Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Karim Gabol1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamidullah4 and Abdul Rahim1
...a about its breeding and nest characterizations, complete research was carried out in the cultivated areas of Bajaur valley during 2020. The breeding season starts from mid-April and lasts until July. Nests were explored orderly in all the probable sites with help of the landowners. Overall, 52 nests were found mainly built on five different types of vegetation at an average height of 2.87...
Ali I. Al-Ameedi1, Zahraa M. Ayad2*, Wed Abbas Mohammed3, Salim K. Hajwal4
...imal’s bone after anesthesia with ketamine+xylazine and slide preparation with Giemsa stain, experimental animals’ chromosomal abnormalities, mitotic index, and blast index were examined. In order to ascertain the protective activity of the plant extract, the mitotic index and blast index are also assessed. The results showed that the exposed group (T1) had a significantly lower mitotic index (the number of cells in mitosis per 1000 bone marrow cel...
JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5
Caiping Duan
...(n=123; receiving local anesthesia before angiography, subcutaneously injected with 2% lidocaine 2.5 ml at puncture point). After coronary angiography in each group, the serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and cardiac troponin (cTnT) contents in different treatment groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coronary blood samples were obtained during coronary angiography. Expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (...
Dian Septinova*, Hananda Sofia, Nari Ratih, Armelia Rizqika, Riyanti, Veronica Wanniatie, Madi Hartono
...randomized design with a nested pattern with 0 minutes or control (M0), 40 minutes (M1) and 80 minutes (M2) as the main factor; and storage time of 7 days (S1) and 14 days (S2) as nesting factors. The results showed that marinating (40 and 80 minutes) of broiler breast meat with FWC had a significant effect on reducing pH, total meat bacteria, and raw meat color, but not on water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, organol...
A.Y. Ahmad1, M. A. Amer2, T. A. Mostafa1, F. M. Abo El-Abbas1, and M. El-Hammady1
... reaction (RT-PCR). hemi-nested and nested-RT-PCR were used to study their molecular characters. Three pairs of primers were selected to react with 5'-non-translation region (5'-NTR) and PI gene from the PVY genome. PCR products yielded by one primers pair reached 835 bp. while reached about 1 kb (974, 926 bp) by the other primers. Partial sequencing or fragment 835 bp was performed. Comparing with standard PVY strains showe...
Sahar. A. Shoman1 and B. A. Othman2
...internal primers through nested—PCR (n-PCR) to demonstrate the specificity of this technique. the n-PCR-expected product (869bp) was sequenced, and this nucleotide sequence was analyzed using a software program. Sequence analysis of the amplified fragment revealed a high conserved sequence homology located at the 3'-terminal region of the 126KDa (ORF1) sequence of the published TMV strains. Detection of the TMV-E using RT-PCR raises the availabilit...
Galuh Chandra Agustina1*, Erwin Syahfitri1, Viski Fitri Hendrawan1, Siska Aditya1,2
...y inhibit the acetylcholinesterase, resulting cell apoptosis and hormonal disruption of the reproductive system. The major of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of black cumin seeds as antioxidants on the expression of caspase-3 and sertoli cells in spermatogenesis. A total of 20 male mouses were divided into five groups, K- (negative control, no treatment), K+ (positive control, 40 mg diazinon/kg BW); P1 (40 mg diazinon/kg BW + 200 mg black cumin/...
Yisi Chen*, Jun Zhang and Fayin Li
...oflurane group (general anesthesia of plantar incision, inhalation of 2.5% isoflurane, 3 groups, n=15), propofol group (general anesthesia of plantar incision, intravenous infusion of propofol to the lateral tail vein through the implanted catheter with the infusion rate of 1.5 mg kg-1 min-1, 3 groups, n = 15). The paw withdrawal threshold was used to evaluate the mechanical pain before and after the incision. L3-L5 was take...
A.l. Abd El-Fattah; A.s. Saclik M.M. El-Kholi; I.A. Åbdcl-Hmnid and M.A. Madkour
...ified for sequencing the nested PCR product. The similarity between the present sequence (SCMVEgvl) and that or the 14 overseas strains belonging to dillërent SCMV groups " as determined.
Muhammad Saad Waqas, Li Xia, Tian-Ci Yi*, Liang-Yu Sun, Rong Xiao and Dao-Chao Jin*
...s has characteristics of nest weaving behavior on the host plant surface. Waste management behaviour of many Stigmaeopsis species are well described by many scientists but waste management behaviour of S. inthanonsis is still unknown. Here, we studied nest relocation and waste management behaviour of S. inthanonsis. Results showed that fecal piles, dead bodies and exuviae are the waste materials of S. inthanonsis
Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi
...8S gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced were found to belong to C. meleagridis in the sequence of this gene deposit on the website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under accession number (HQ917077.1), while the others were found to be closely related to C. baileyi and had the accession number (MN410723.1). The finding suggests that Cryptosporidium parasites, which cause zoonotic disease transmission, are widespread among Ba...
Muhammad Rizwan1, Hamid Akbar1*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Abid Hayat3, Anjum Masood4, Muhammad Talha Sajjad1 and Nadeem Raza2
...oxybutyric acid, BHBA; nonesterified fatty acid NEFA) and hematological changes (hemoglobin, total leucocytes, red blood cells, neutrophils, platelets, lymphocytes) in serum of dairy cows before and after the surgical correction of left displacement abomasum. Twenty-six cows were divided into two groups as control (Group-A) and treatment (Group-B), each of 13 cows. Left displacement abomasum was confirmed by clinical assessment and ultrasonography, and then wa...
Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi1*, Zulfi Atsiil Suandhy1, Tatang Mitra Setia2
...is research investigated nesting behavior in Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) as a suitable release subject at the Sekolah Hutan Tembak Lestari forest school, Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate two orangutan release candidates through nest-building skills. These two orangutans were observed daily between 04:30 and 06:30 pm from September to November 2019 using continuous focal animal and all-...
Yingying Wang, Jianyi Yu and Lichen Zhou*
...d samples tested through nested PCR were negative. This is the first investigation of T. gondii infection in South China tiger....
Deny Juniwati1, Hadri Latif2*, Trioso Purnawarman2, Zhang Shuqi3
... exporter of edible bird nest (EBN), with the leading destination being the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The provision of nitrite levels is less than 30 ppm for raw cleaned EBN, so the EBN is washed to reduce it. The industry generally washes EBN with reverse osmosis (RO) water, but this method does not significantly reduce nitrite levels. Therefore, an alternative method is needed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of washing using RO water co...
Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3
...r of edible bird’s nest (EBN). One of the importing countries requires that EBN be heated minimum 100 °C, with a minimum F0 value of 2.8, commercial sterilization with retort method. Indonesia’s government does not have data on the effect of retorts on the safety and quality of EBN. This study aimed to examine the nitrite level and rehydration capacity of EBN after undergoing a retort process. The samples were 24 raw uncleaned white EBN from 4 ...
Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Farah Qayyum1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Komal Shakeel1, Javeria Batool1, Faryal Akhtar1 and Sehrish Hina1
... Pakistan (MHNP). Eighty nests were located in the study area out of which 43 were used by birds for breeding. Highest successful nests were located on fork 38.75%, followed by middle 25%, terminal 20% and other position of the plants 16.25%. Preferable height for nest construction by white-cheeked bulbul was 1-2m (60%) followed by 2-3m (23.7%) and 0-1m (16.25%). Outer diameter of
Samia Afzal1*, Jahanzaib Ahmad1, Iram Amin1, Liaqat Ali2, Muhammad Shahid1, Mohsin Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1
... HDV RNA was detected by nested PCR and sequencing. HBV DNA was detected in 58% of the samples. The quantification of viral load revealed chronic active HBV infection at 11% and chronic inactive HBV infection as 63%. HDV RNA was present in 41.2 % of inactive chronic HBV carriers and only 18.1% in active HBV-infected patients. I has been observed that the presence of HDV infection may suppress the HBV replication and convert it into an inactive state and the ov...
Shaista Ilyas1, Safdar Ali1, Amer Habib1, Misbah Ali1,2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3*, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Usman Ghani4,5 and Muhammad Umair1
...by using Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test at 5% level of significance. The most effective treatment was the combination of all 3 chemicals that gave maximum disease control and 11.72% disease severity was recorded. Mungbean cultivars were also screened for the source of resistance against leaf spot disease and none was found immune and highly resistant. Correlation and regression analysis were performed to find the relation of environme...
Nida Sadaqat1, Sheheyar Ahmed Khan1, Amna Bibi1, Sadaf Zahra1, Muhammad faisal Salamt1, Noreen Latief2 and Fatima Ali1*
...prague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum was shaved. Second-degree skin burn was induced by immersing an iron mold (1.0 cm2 in diameter) in boiling (100°C) water for 5 min and placed on the back of the rats for 20 sec without applying pressure. Rats were divided into three groups; control group, burn injury group, burn injury + NAC group. Wound size and histopathological changes of epidermis were evaluated for the various groups. Hydroxyproline was ...
Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5
...ne of Pakistan’s finest mango cultivars. It produces small to medium-sized fruits that are flavorful, fragrant, and well-suited for preserving. Assessment of the pre-harvest amino acids application on the postharvest life of mangoes cv. ‘Rataul No. 12’ was done. The effect of amino acids on mango cultivar ‘Rataul No. 12’ with the objective of studying and improving fruit retention, yield, or qualitative and quantitative changes in...
Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2
...re on use for providing anesthesia in animals. Small ruminants, due to their anatomy and physiology, are not suitable for many of the anesthetic drugs. With strict consideration, some drugs are commonly used in these animals. Anesthetic drugs classified based on their action and efficacy. The commonly used local anesthetic agents include procaine, lidoca...
Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*
...oductive disorders were anestrous (72.25%, 276/382), followed by retained placenta (6.8%, 26/382), and repeat breeding syndrome (4.19%, 16/382). Significant variation in prevalence estimates was observed considering the season (P=0.02) but not the age (P=0.59), BCS (P=0.65) or breed (P=0.97) of the animal. Different types of therapeutics were used for the treatment of reproductive disorders in goats, including nutritional supplements (62.68%, 173/276) that wer...
Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1*, Nurhayati1, Intan Kamilia Habsari1, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari2
...thotype-specific primer (nested PCR) developed by Pham et al. (2005) could not amplify these isolates. ...
Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2
...les were collected from anesthetized rats through cardiac puncture by terminating the experiment. The samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-c, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-c, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-c concentrations, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations. The results revealed the development of signs of incitement such as increased TC and re...
Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*
...terpenoids on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in P. sinica were assessed in vitro. Correlation between numbers of synergistic or antagonistic binary mixtures and AChE or GST activities was analyzed. The results showed that 2-ethylimidazole had the strongest acute toxicity against P. sinica adult, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.52 g/L. Among the 66 binary mixtures, 19 showed strong synergistic eff...
Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...harvested under general anesthesia. The harvested fat was enzymatically digested with 0.1% collagenase-I. It was then centrifuged and the SVF pellet was collected. The pellet was characterized through total viable cell count, cell per gram and percentage of viability by using Neubauer’s chamber. The average cell yield per microliter was 2.992±1.527 x 104 cells/µl. SVF per gram of adipose tissues was 2.992±1.527 x 106 cells/g, percenta...
Mohga A. El-Tahlawey l, L.R. Rizkallal , S.A. El-Arnaouty 2 and Amal A.Khalil 3
Rabia Anjum
...treatment are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are easily accessible in the market to relief the AD primary symptoms but did not cure it. AD treatment needs a therapeutic approach to minimize its progression. This review focuses on the understanding of disease, hypothesis and treatment of disease to slow its progression.
Novelty Statement | Amidst the challenges posed by the current medications, ...
Rana Mohammed Ibrahim1*, Haider Mohammed Ali Al-Rubaie2
Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3
...terectomy under general anesthesia. Bacterial isolation was made on chromogenic agar to identification of bacteria associated with pyometra. In group I after 24 hr. from giving Aglepristone there was vaginal discharge, in some cases, we need to give a second dose of Aglepristone to bitch. In group II, PGF2α was injected after pus came out from the vulva, there was a rapid evacuation of pus from the uterus in comparison with group I with many side effects...
Estabraq Hayder Khayoon, Ammar Ahmed Abdulwahid*
... and xylazine to induce anesthesia. The findings revealed the exposure of Acrylamide to rats significantly reduced their tendency to gain weight, a marked rise in the concentration of malondialdehyde and decrease levels of Total antioxidant in blood serum and behavioral differences like Acrylamide greatly decreased the struggling and ascending time in the swimming test, dramatically lengthens the time needed to turn an animal’s head 180 degrees durin...
Yongke Zhu1,2, Yun Fang1, Songhua Tang1, Yuan Gu3, Jinming Zhao4, Wolfgang Scherzinger5 and Yue-Hua Sun1*
..., 2017-2019), we checked nest boxes and recorded the basic breeding data. Thereby a total of 51 broods were found with an average of 5.1 ± 1.7 broods per year. The mean egg mass and volume was 12.42 ± 1.36 g and 12.85 ± 0.79 mm3, respectively. Mean clutch size per brood was 2.61 ± 0.64. The mean number of fledglings was 1.25 ± 0.31 per nesting attempt and 2.07 ± 0.38 per successful b...
Nejra Dučić1, Senad Kovačević1, Faruk Tandir1,2, Rizah Avdić2, Ermin Šaljić3, Anel Vejzović2, Nedžad Hadžiomerović2*
...administration of local anesthetics. The research included skulls and mandibles of 12 domestic shorthair cats. The morphometric analysis was performed on 20 parameters. Our study revealed smaller values (6.25 ± 0.31 mm) for the distance from the infraorbital canal to the root of premolar compared to Persian and Australian domestic cats. The present study provided a valuable information about the location of the cranial nerves on the skull and mandible o...
Sena’a M. Hussein1,2, Raffal A. Omar3*
...longed release of local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to assessment the effect of single and repeated lumbosacral injection of liposome carrying lidocaine in comparison with lidocaine hydrochloride. A total of 24 male local breed dogs were divided randomly into the lidocaine group that received 4.5 mg/Kg of 2% lidocaine and liposome group which received the same dose of lidocaine carried by liposome. Pinprick and spinal reflex tests were evaluated...
Gokarna Gautam1*, Sajan Rokaya1, Bhuminand Devkota1, Saroj Sapkota2
...s were non-cyclic (true anestrous) as indicated by inactive ovaries and below basal level (<1ng/ml) plasma progesterone concentration. In conclusion, there was a clear seasonality pattern of reproduction in buffaloes in subtropical regions of southern Nepal with the autumn being the good and the spring being the low breeding as well as calving seasons; and 53% of buffaloes during low breeding season were in true anestrous...
Gokarna Gautam1*, Hari Adhikari1, Bhuminand Devkota1, Subir Singh2
...ol for the treatment of anestrus in buffaloes during low breeding season (April to June). Buffaloes in Group T1 (Ovsynch, n=25) received GnRH on a random day (d0), PGF2α on d7, GnRH on d9, followed by fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) at 16-20 hours after second GnRH. Buffaloes in Group T2 (CIDR-synch, n=30) were treated as in group T1 except that a CIDR containing 1.9 gm progesterone was inserted into the vagina on d0 and removed on d7. O...
Rehan Habib1, Khuram Mubeen1, Ammar Matloob1 and Muhammad Baqir Hussain2
...t means were done with honest significant
difference (HSD), Tukey’s test at 0.05 probability. The maximum biological yield was
achieved in plots kept weed free over crop growth cycle 6536.0 kg ha-1 and statistically
minimum yield achieved inweeds free (whole season(5145.4 kg ha-1). While T7all weeds free
till 60 DAE and T4horse purslane free till 60 DAE treatments attained 6345.8 kg ha-1 and
625...
Fazli Amin1*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Salman3, Zia Ur Rahman4 and Mir Manzar Ud Din5
...is cerana and Xylocopa fenestrata belongs to Hymenoptera, one species from order Diptera (Eristalis tenax) and two species from Lepidoptera (Papilio demoleus and Danaus chrysippus) were recorded. Honey bees were recorded in highest percentage (61.34%) while the lowest values (8.25%) was observed for Xylocopa fenestrata. Peak pollinator's activities were recorded in the morning hours (9-10am) as compared to the later part of ...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...rces for food, cover and nest sites. If a variety of habitats are available to an animal, it selects some and avoids others. We examined habitat preferences of Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) in Sewegali Game Reserve. The main method used for collecting data was line transects. We observed 146 Chukar partridges; identified six habitat types and were mapped using GIS and field surveys. The species occurred in five out of six available habitat types; ...
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar, Mohamed Zakaria, Ebil Yusof and Kamziah Abd Kudus
... areas in order to feed, nest and roost for their survival. The objective of this research was to determine species abundance and feeding guilds of waterbirds at Putrajaya artificial freshwater wetland, Selangor Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 3720 bird detections that belongs to 21 waterbird species of 7 families were recorded using distance sampling point count method from March to December, 2009. The Purple Heron; Ardea purpurea (1083 detections; 29....
Naveed Ahmed, M. Hamayoon Khan and Mian Inayat-Ullah
...d 5-6 p.m. Xylocopa fenestrate Fabr., family Xlycopidae, order Hymenoptera spent maximum duration on the blossoms. Among honeybees, Apis dorsata, family Apidae, order Hymenoptera was found more abundantly on the blossoms in all the time periods. A maximum population of all honeybees species was recorded at the first observation period....
Safdar Ali Kayani*, Tanweer Ahmad*, Abdul Kabir Achackzai* and Abdul Qadeer**
...frequency<50.0%)....
Rabab Abd Alameer Naser1*, Sameer Ahmed Abid Al-Redah2, Enas S. Ahmed3, Fatimah S. Zghair2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy4
...sia was performed using anesthesia with Xylazine and Ketamine. Esophageal sections (cranial, middle, and caudal) were collected for microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analysis. Compared to turkeys, ostriches lacked a distinct crop (second esophageal segment). In bothostriches” and “turkeys, the first esophageal segment was longer than the thoracic segment. Histologically, the esophagus in both species had four layers. The mucosa was ...
Ghodrat Akhavan Akbari1, Saman Hayadokht1, Saeed Sadeghiyeh Ahari2 and Ahmad Gasi1*
...rnia repair with spinal anesthesia. The present study consisted of patients with herniorrhaphy in the Fatemi and Imam Hospital of Ardabil who were studied through a double-blind clinical trial. with spinal anesthesia from 2017 through 18. In the study110 cases with hernia were included. In both studied groups of Meperidine or oxycodone, patients were allocated randomly. Interventions began half an hour before spinal a
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2, Hira Shahzadi2, Faiz Ur Rehman4, Li Bo1,
Saif Ullah2, Omama Saqib1, Muhammad Tayyab Khan5, Muhammad Suliman1 and Ayesha Zulfiqar3
...e study area. A total 87 nest cavities were observed of which 31 contained active nests whereas 56 were failed nests. The highest percentage of successful position of nidification was found in the middle (44.82%) of the tree followed by fork (35.63%) and terminal (19.54%). The findings on nest height indicate that spotted dove preferred (32.18%)
Chao Du1, Li Liu1, Li Gao1, Yongqi Ren2, Shiqiang Wang3 and Wei Liu4*
...ted in 2018, five and 35 nests have been recorded breeding here in 2020 and 2021, but the arthropod community in the wetland has not been completely rebuilt. Whether its diversity and biomass can provide sufficient food during the breeding period is the key to the recovery of the relict gull. Here we investigated aquatic arthropods in the TAN and Hotong Qagan Nur (HQN) to compare the food supply and predict the capacity of the reserve after the lake water was ...
Asad Ali, Anwar Ali, Muhammad Farooq and Basheer Ahmad*
...hed regeneration, while unestablished regeneration (below 9 inches) was not observed. The data showed an average survival rate of 93% in both subdivisions (Teri and Karak) of the Kohat forest division, with Karak Forest Subdivision recording a 92% survival rate and Teri Forest Range having a 93% survival rate. Species composition in the plantation consisted of 55% eucalyptus, 18% phulai, 16% Shisham, 7% kikar, and 3% sanatha. Acacia modesta exhibited an averag...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3,
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...e activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the house fly larvae 24h post application. In addition, all the treatments induced significant increase in the malondialdehyde activity. In conclusion, nanoemulsion tech and mixing GO+SO increased their insecticidal potency against house fly, C. pipiens and T. castenum. This is a useful method in the integrated pest management. ...
Rawya Sh. Mohammed*, Baraa N. Al-Okaily
...les were collected from anesthetized rats; serum was analyzed to assess levels of FSH, estrogen, TGF-β, and NF-κB. Additionally, ovarian tissue was extracted to measure levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, and to estimate ovarian gene expression of PTEN. The findings indicated a notable decrease in tissue SOD, serum FSH, and estrogen levels, along with an elevation in tissue MDA, serum TGF-β, NF-κ...
Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1
...sment through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain showed no significant difference (P=0.952). The ZnONPs significantly influenced antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, and GST), while the mortality rate, average body weight, and neurotoxicity of tilapia were not statistically affected. Hence, the addition of ZnONPs in small quantities (3mg/g diet) enhances antioxidant biomarkers and has the potential to serve as a feed additive for improving animal h...
Mohammed H. Asker*, Nagham S. Mohammed, Zinah S. Zamil
...iment, the animals were anesthetized, and kidney tissues were collected for RNA isolation. The expression of genes encoding translocator protein (TSPO) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) was analyzed in the kidney tissues. Vitamin C significantly reduced blood levels of urea, creatinine, salt, potassium, and calcium in both intact and ovariectomized groups (p≤0.05). Additionally, gene expression decreased significantly in the ovariectomi...
Abdulla A. Albishtue1,3, Nurhusien Yimer1,5*, Md Zuki A. Zakaria2, Abd Wahid Haron1, Abdul Salam Babji4
...ons. Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is important natural product that has biological characteristics, such as regenerative effect. The objective of this research was to evaluate EBN’s neuroprotective role on the cerebral and cerebellar cortexes of lead acetate-exposed adult female rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were allocated randomly into five groups, with six rats in each group. The control group (C) received solely distilled water. Meanwhile, the tr...
Eslam F.M. Eisa1, Bardees K. Elgohary1*, Mahasen El Shair1, Hagar F. Gouda2, Ali E. Kandeel1
...mg/kg/min). Maintenance anesthetics varied: G1 had sevoflurane (initial end-tidal concentration 2%) given in 1 L/min of 100% oxygen; G2 had ketamine CRI (0.6 mg/kg/h) and sevoflurane as in G1; G3 had a continuous propofol infusion (at a starting rate of 0.125 mg/kg/min); and G4 had ketamine CRI (0.6 mg/kg/h) and propofol CRI as in G3. Cardiorespiratory variables, including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, were recorded 30 minutes after premedicati...
Adel Sobhy1, Ahmed El-khamary1, Ahmed M. Rashwan2,3, Ashraf Shamaa4, Mostafa Kassem5, Mohamed M. A. Abumandour6*, Ahmed El-Mansi7, 8 and Ahmed G. Nomir2
...5 ml of Lidocaine local anesthetic solution for blockage. However, the distance at site p2 was 6.8±0.2 cm, and 25 ml of local anesthetic was sufficient for complete nerve blockage. We concluded that by using the color-doppler US-guided for the brachial plexus injection, site p1 was more efficient and avoided vascular penetration than site p2....
Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady
...ghed, put under general anesthesia, and blood samples were taken to estimate testosterone and estrogen serum concentrations using competitive ELISA kits. The scrotum was dissected, the epididymis detached from the testis, and the weight and length were taken, then divided into three divisions (caput, corpus, and cauda) for histopathological study. HandE staining was used to detect general structures and histopathological changes. Special stains are used to det...
Thaer W. Enad*, Khalefa A. Mansour
...al significance. By semi-nested RT-PCR was used on epithelial tissue samples, 84.31% of samples were positive SAT2 serotypes. Those sequences were deposited into GenBank with accession numbers (PP898191-PP898192). At the same time, the seropositive rate was 80.39% on the ELISA test, which was used on serum samples for antibody detection. Genetic analysis revealed a close genetic relationship between the Iraqi SAT2 isolates and the Egyptian strains, suggesting ...
Duaa Jasim Mohammad
... the liver of mice post-anesthesia, a total of 40 male white mice were divided into three groups (n=10/group). Three groups of mice were administered halothane with increasing concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) and the control group was left untreated. Each group was given halothane for 15 minutes every day for 30 consecutive days. A through histopathological analysis of the liver of treated group (1% halothane) revealed parenchymal degradation, cystic dilatation f...
