Muhammad Ashraf Khan1, Hizbullah Khan1, Abid Farid2
Muhammad Mushtaq
E-mail | [email protected]
...bait in delivering the lethal amount of strychnine alkaloid in controlling the Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica, during 2006-07. Indian crested porcupine is a severe forest and agricultural pest throughout southern Asia and the Middle East, including Pakistan. The results suggested that in case of pre-baiting trial, a 25% reduction in burrow activity was achieved in case of groundnut – maize (1:1) grain bait loaded with 2% strychnine alkaloid and...
Muhammad Zubair, Sajid Mahmood Sajid
...gen receptors in the hypothalamus, inhibiting negative feedback of estrogen on gonadotropin release and leading to up-regulation of ovulation. It has useful effects on the reproduction of female in terms of reduction in puberty and ovulation induction. The beneficial effects are manifested in male in terms of improvement of semen....
Klara Fischer1*, Erika Chenais1,2, Emeli Torsson1, Jonas Johansson Wensman1
...(PPR) is a potentially lethal, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. Domestic sheep and goats are important species for the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Within societies where PPR is now spreading, poverty is widespread and the disease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrained marginalised societies, it is often difficult to collect disease data in conventional ways. Parti...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...in the regulation of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis has also been established. In the present study, we investigated the role of peripheral administration of neuromedin S (NMS) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) secretion in 48-h fasting and normal fed adult male Rhesus monkeys. After NMS administration plasma adipokines levels were determined in fed and fasting monkeys. Four intact adult male monkeys were used in this study. 50 nmol o...
Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2
...ing primarily at the hypothalamic level of the gonadotropic axis. Citric acid is synthesized and secreted by the prostate gland. Its synthesis is regulated by androgens. As, dose dependent degeneration of prostate gland has been described following intraperitoneal kisspeptin treatment. However, effects of kisspeptin administration on the levels of prostatic citric acid remain elusive till date. The present study, therefore, addresses the effects of 12 day admi...
Wan-Long Zhu1 and Guang Yang2,*
...xamining the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides genes expressions on body mass regulation under different photoperiods in Eothenomys miletus, body mass, food intake, serum leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti related peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expressions were measured. The results showed that short photoperiod re...
Shazia Ali, Hizb Ullah and Sarwat Jahan*
...xt-align: justify;">Beta thalassemia syndrome are a group of hereditary blood disorders in which or absent beta globin chain synthesis, results in reduced Hemoglobin, decreased RBC production and anemia. Total 300 individuals were divided into 4 groups according to age and gender i.e ≤13 years females, >13 years females, ≤13 years and >13 years males. Height in centimeter, weight in kilogram was measured to calculate BMIKg/m2. Ser...
Biswajit Pramanick, Sruti Karmakar, Koushik Brahmachari, Rupayan Deb
An integration of weed management practices in potato un-der New Alluvial soil
...the treatment T9 (Pendimethalin @1kg a.i. ha-1 along with mulching). So, the findings of the experiment provide us with a great opportunity of using herbicides and mulching in combination to cope up with the labour crisis and minimize the cost of cultivation, therefore, maximizing benefit cost ratio....
Manidipa Chowdhury
Incidence of saw fly, Athalia lugens proxima Klug. as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard
...e incidence of saw fly (Athalia lugens proxima Klug.) as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard c.v. NC-1 (Jhumka) of Brassica campestris var. yellow sarson. Highest saw fly population (0.26 larvae/plant) was recorded on the crop grown without irrigation and medium level of fertilizers (60:30:30 Kg NPK ha-1) while lowest population level (0.10 larvae/plant) was observed at highest level of irrigation (three) coupled with medium level of f...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...te the expression of hypothalamic genes involved in reproduction and metabolism. We found that leptin significantly upregulated the LEPR in the adipose tissue of goat at the puberty onset stage. Moreover, we observed that LEPR, JAK2, STAT3 (P<0.05), KISS1 (P<0.05) were also upregulated in the hypothalamic tissue, except NPY, which was downregulated. Taken together, it is, therefore, inferred that probably leptin secret...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...udies for toxicity, sublethal and antifeedant effect. The result showed that ethanol based extract was the most effective to control the H. armigera followed by the ethyl acetate. The sublethal concentration of ethanol based extract of C. colocynthis increased larval and pupal duration as compared with control. The percent pupation, adult emergence and pupal weight decreased in treated populations as com...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1
...tfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. The experiment was conducted in fiberglass tank having capacity of 18 L water with a stocking density of 25 fish fry per aquaria. There were two treatment groups; T1, T2 and a control (T0) each was replicated twice. Fenugreek as an additive was added in experimental feed at the rate of 0.5% in T1 and 1.0% in T2 while control T0 was without fenugreek suppleme...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
...ideneamine, Camphor, Naphthalene, Thymol, 1,5,5- Trimethyl-6-x methylene-cyclohexene, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15 Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, 8, 11, 14-Eicosatrienoic acid and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester. Extracts of both the plants were found repellent to this termite. LT50 values of O. basilicum and F. vulgare against Heterotermes indicola were 60.91 and 115.9 h, respectively.
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
...as built to assess the lethality of the E.coli isolates through subcutaneous-infection. Out of 81 E.coli isolates, the most prevalent gene detected was ompA (90.12%), followed by ETT2 (69.14%), irp2 (54.32%), EAST1 (46.91%), CS31A (41.98%), estB (19.75%), eaeA (14.81%), estA (12.35%) and K88 (1.23%), while others were negative. The result showed that the main serotypes of E. coli
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...stem and then four sub-lethal concentrations viz. 1/3rd of LC50, 1/4th of LC50, 1/5th of LC50 and 1/6th of LC50 were calculated and fish were exposed to these concentrations, separately in glass aquaria for 70 days at constant laboratory conditions. Peripheral blood erythrocytes were taken on 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 day of exposure for the DNA damage assessment in-term...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations of iron chloride. The results revealed that peroxidase activity was increased significantly in both kidney and liver after exposure to iron chloride in all the treatments as compared to the control group. It was found that enzyme peroxidase had activity of 0.364±0.004 and 0.588±0.004 UmL-1 in the metal stressed fish kidney and liver, respectively while in control fish, the same for both the ...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
...acterial activity. The lethal dose and toxicity determination of the color extracted from marigold showed that it is safe for consumption as no clinical symptoms were observed in rabbits after giving the maximum dose of 1000ml of color.
...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
...f Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g). The 40% crude protein diet was prepared by adding feed ingredients along with 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 g kg-1 of α-amylase as T1, T2, T3 and T4 (control). At the end of feeding trial, 100% survival rate was recorded. Growth rate was significantly increased in fish fed with enzyme supplemented diets in comparison with control group. The maximum increase in growth ra...
Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*
EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...icylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone and/ 3 or coupled with girdling operations may improve cropping potential of existing olive varieties in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was envisaged on olive trees to explore possibilities of inducing fruitfulness through the use of hormones and girdling operations under Islamabad conditions. Treatments consisted of control, girdling and spray of gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and naph
Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
... genotype dependent. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) also showed a positive effect on in vitro growth responses (shoot proliferation and root induction) when combined with BAP. The media containing NAA, BAP and kinetin accelerated the growth in terms of shoot mass in two accessions, 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid and 4472(12) Harker Agoon and again the culture response was genotype dependent. There was a difference in the growth responses of the three accessions studied. T...
Anum Rafique, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Huma Naz* and Wardah Hassan
...yof silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was studied. Fish was divided into two groups. One group kept under chronic exposure of metals mixture (Pb+Cr) for 15 days and other group of fish was kept under controlled conditions. Partial purification of SOD was done by Ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ion-exchange column chromatography was used to purify enzyme for further partial characterization against different range of temperature and pH. As a resu...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
...tions which had a high lethality to tomato russet mites. Hence, Huwa-San TR50 can be utilized in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program as an acaricide agent.
...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...is gracilis and Orthalicus sp.) were collected. A. achatina was the most abundant species (35.6%) while A. degneri was the least (1.3%). Overall, 388 snails (62.8%) were infected. A. achatina had the highest (76.4%) prevalence of infection; A. degneri had the least (37.5%). A total of 1 563 helminthes belonging to three species Cosmocercoides sp., Capillaria sp. and Philonema sp. were recovered. Mean ...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...presently suffering from thalassaemia major, the severe form of the disorder. The patients of β-thalassaemia are dependent upon lifelong blood transfusion. Multiple transfusions expose them to many blood borne diseases, most commonly hepatitis B and C. The aim of current study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among thalassaemia major patients. The study was co...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...abnormalities by a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride and protective role of garlic (Allium sativum), to minimize the intensity of these toxicities. For this purpose, fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were randomly divided into four groups of forty eggs each. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of one group were injected with a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1.5 µg/egg) in albumin on 7<...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Fariha Zahid1, Noor-ul-Ain1, Yousra Nisar1, Chaman Ara2
...rtion, anencephaly, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, phocomelia with reduced body weight and crown- rump length in all dose groups were obtained. Adverse histological changes appeared in the form of disrupted and malformed visceral organs, vertebral bone and spina bifida as compared to control. The findings of this study clearly indicate that permethrin is potentially toxic to developing chicks, especially the highest concentra...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
...ssays. Based on median lethal concentration (LC50) values, all the strains of S. oryzae and R. dominica were more susceptible to spinosad than T. castaneum strains. The resistance ratios (RRs) of field strains at LC50 values were in the range of 2.24 to 3.24 fold for T. castaneum, 3.33 to 9.00 fold for R. dominica, and 1.73 to 3.45 fold for S. oryzae. The results revealed a variation in susceptibi...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1,*, Hummaira Iqbal1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Haseena Ghulam Muhammad1 and Muhammad Irfan1
...f prey density and sub-lethal doses of two commonly used insecticides i.e., bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos, on the consumption rate of web weaving spider Cyrtophora citricola, was observed. Live spiders for the study were collected from citrus orchards of Sargodha and maintained individually in the laboratory. Both the control and insecticide treated spiders were offered larvae of Drosophila melanogaster in different densities. C. citricol...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
... h LC50 and lethal concentration of Fe+Ni+Pb+Zn mixture for the fish, Cirrhina mrigala was determined in this research work. The fish were exposed to each of the 19 different concentrations (5-90 mg/L) of Fe+Zn+Pb+Ni mixture to determine 96 h LC50 and lethal concentration. During acute toxicity test, behavioral changes and catalase activity in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish we...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Anum Feroz1, Ayesha Gondal1,Sahar Akram2 and Tanzeela Riaz3
...n the godowns. The sub lethal dose of λ-cyhalothrin (LC20) significantly increased the contents of free amino acids and soluble proteins while contents of total proteins, lipids, glycogen and trehalose were significantly reduced with reference to their control (untreated group). Among carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, the activities of amylase and invertase were significantly reduced while activity of trehalase were significantly increased a...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1, Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...ormed to determine the lethal concentrations of this virus against the first and second larval instar of S. exigua. The potency of ten plant extracts as UV absorbers were done by measuring the absorption spectra of the 0.5% extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations for 7 days. The ...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
...skin hemorrhages, microphthalmia, limb deformities, hygromas, kyphosis, curved and short tail and fluid filled abdominal cysts. Significant increase in intrauterine growth retardation and resorptions of fetuses, with increasing dose concentration, was also observed. Morphometric observations of fetal body parts like head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hindlimb size and tail length demonstrated a significant (P<0.005) decrease with increasing...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
... respectively. The sub lethal dose of esfenvalerate (LC20) significantly decreased the contents of glycogen, glucose, trehalose and free amino acid while total protein and total lipid contents, were significantly increased with reference to their control (untreated group). Among carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, the activities of trehalase, amylase and invertase were significantly reduced after treatment with sub lethal
Muhammad Sajid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Sohail Latif4 Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar5 and Waqas Ahmad6
...with low doses of pendimethalin (pre-emergence) for weed control in mungbean during summer season, 2009. The treatments were: Control (weedy check), Hand weeding (30 and 45 DAS), Pendimethalin herbicide @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose), Barley W.E. @ 12 L ha-1 (20, 30, 40 and 50 DAS), Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendime
Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3
... macro-nutrients and naphthalien acetic acid (NAA) and compared with inorganic soil applied fertilizers. The results of the study showed significantly higher number of branches, chlorophyll content in the treatment recieving inorganic fertilizers, the manures in combination with foliar NPK was comparable. The yield attributes showed that ten fruit weight were greater in the soil applied inorganic fertilizer and it was statistically at par with treatments recie...
Safina Naz1, Khushbo Hussain1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2* and Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3
...oliar application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Salicylic acid (SA), combination of Naphthalene Acetic Acid & salicylic acid and orange oil extract on physical and chemical parameters gave significant response. NAA promotes vine length upto 12.66 feet while chlorophyll content was 72.50 SPAD Value, while fresh weight of leaves is 5.1g, dry weight is 0.41g, while fresh weight of fruit is 121.66 g and fruit length is 14.11 c...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...resh water fish Hypophthalmicthyes molitrix were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of deltamethrine. Fish were divided into 4 groups and each group contains six fish. Experimental groups viz. A, B and C were exposed to 25, 50 and 75% of LC50, respectively for four days. Blood samples for biochemical analysis (blood glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and gills for histology were taken after 96...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...sh were exposed to sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of DM+END mixture for 14-day. CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was noted from the crude extract of control fish gills (140.66±0.71UmL-1) as compared to DM+END expos...
Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...ital with the help of ophthalmologist. The main purpose of such type of research was directed to find the prevalence of Macular corneal dystrophy in the families of Lahore. The techniques used for the diagnosis of MCD were visual Acuity test by Snellen chart, phoropter, slit lamp biomicroscopy, topography, keratometer and pachymetry. In this study, 50 patients of MCD were identified among which 40 were males and 10 were females, including 9 cases with family h...
Saba Irshad*, Aruba Muhammad, Ammara Muazzam, Farah Sarfraz Anmol and Rehman Shahzad
... Xmn1 polymorphism among thalassemia (Major) patients. Out of total 206 screened patients, sole Xmn1 homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (-/+) case was reported with a band size of 418 bp, 230 bp and 641 bp, 418 bp, 230 bp respectively. Xmn1 restriction site was present at 158 bp upstream of the Gamma globin gene on chromosome 11 of positive patients (GenBank KY927385). Fetal hemoglobin level in Xmn1 (-/+) and (+/+) was 59.1% and 19% respectively which minimize ...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...k Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and silver shark Balanitiocheilos melanopterus. The health status of these fishes ranged from being healthy, moribund and infected. The parasites observed from these fish were: seven protozoans species (Chilodonella sp, Trichodina sp; Ichthyobodo sp. Epistylis sp. Tetrahymena sp. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Piscinoodinium pillulare;); three monogeneans species includ...
Tanzeela Riaz*†, Farah Rauf Shakoori, Syed Shahid Ali
Toxicity of phosphine against tolerant and susceptible populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from Punjab, Pakistan
...posed to different sub lethal concentrations of phosphine for 20 hours. Based on LC50 data, Gujranwala population was found to be most resistant to phosphine whereas Sargodha population was found the least resistant population. Gujranwala population required 113.5, 128.8 and 168.1% more phosphine concentration in 4th<...
Shagufta Andleeb*
Teratogenic potential of pyrethroids: a review
...ogenic potential of sublethal doses of different types of pyrethroids in various groups of animals in systematic way. On line available data interpretation through Pubmed Central NCBI, Google Scholar and Google was done to achieve the target and 122 references were found the most relevant in this perspective....
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
Mirfa Murtaza1, Sajid Abdullah1, Wardah Hassan1*, Khalid Abbas1, Huma Naz1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
... was determined in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio fed
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied significantly between the rice polish and
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied significantly between the rice polish and
Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed
Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
... idella and
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate group of fish T1 to T6 were fed
supplementary diets at varying protein level viz., 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% digestible protein (DP), respectively @
2% of their wet body weight daily. However, control fish (T7) although had an access to plankton; but were devoid of
the availability of any supplementary diet. Data on dry weights of ...
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate group of fish T1 to T6 were fed
supplementary diets at varying protein level viz., 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% digestible protein (DP), respectively @
2% of their wet body weight daily. However, control fish (T7) although had an access to plankton; but were devoid of
the availability of any supplementary diet. Data on dry weights of ...
Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*
Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
...liprole
induced lethal effects in S. zeamais. Probit analysis revealed LD50 value for H.
recurvum plant extract were 16.47 μg/insect and chlorantraniliprole were 0.0358
μg/insect, after 24 hours. The result revealed that H. recurvum plant extract had
insecticidal potential against the stored grain pest, S. zeamais. Current study
suggests H. recurvum plant extract could be a good alternative against
conventional i...
induced lethal effects in S. zeamais. Probit analysis revealed LD50 value for H.
recurvum plant extract were 16.47 μg/insect and chlorantraniliprole were 0.0358
μg/insect, after 24 hours. The result revealed that H. recurvum plant extract had
insecticidal potential against the stored grain pest, S. zeamais. Current study
suggests H. recurvum plant extract could be a good alternative against
conventional i...
Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara
Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...te) other than general lethality additionally can be a teratogenic
agent. Present research work is focused on the teratogenic impacts of sodium
arsenate given to gravid mice (Mus musculus). Different doses of sodium arsenate
18.25, 37.5 and 75mg/kg B.W. were administered orally at day 6 of gestation
(single exposure group) to 15 females/dose group along with one control group
having 15 females, which was given only distilled ...
agent. Present research work is focused on the teratogenic impacts of sodium
arsenate given to gravid mice (Mus musculus). Different doses of sodium arsenate
18.25, 37.5 and 75mg/kg B.W. were administered orally at day 6 of gestation
(single exposure group) to 15 females/dose group along with one control group
having 15 females, which was given only distilled ...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
... values were below the lethal levels. Within the regions and sexes no significant variations were found in metal concentrations; however within three bat species metal concentrations varied significantly. This study provides baseline data for future comparisons and management of bats and metal concentrations in environment.
...
Ghulam Ali1,3, Wopke van der Werf2 and Just M. Vlak1,
...hus not reveal any sub-lethal effects of exposure to the virus on food consumption and weight gain. There was no viral dose dependency observed in food intake or weight gain by infected larvae, suggesting there is no increased crop damage upon virus treatment but rather a decrease to be expected.
...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...d survival against sub-lethal doses of B. bassiana and biorational insecticide (Nitenpyram). Sugarcane sets as alternate to date palm stem were successfully used as diet for rearing RPW. Combination of entomopathogenic fungus (Bb) and Nitenpyram (Nit) were found more lethal to survival of RPW. A reduction in pupation and adult emergence was recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, decrease in weight gain, frass ...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
...y and the impact of sublethal concentrations of insecticides on intra-guild predation (IGP) and aphid consumption by coccinellids. Data revealed that in the absence of prey larvae of C. septempunctata exhibited more predation on C. transversalis while the predation of C. septempunctata on C. transversalis was relatively less in the presence of prey. The larvae of C. septempunctata were found stronger and competitive than larv...
Rizwan Ullah Shah* and Iqbal Munir
...different level of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) and 6-benzyl amino purine BAP (0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l), and root regeneration at four levels of indole butyric acid IBA (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l). Results showed that at NAA 0.05 mg/l + BAP 0.07 mg/l supplements in MS medium significantly effective in callus induction and days to callus in cotyledon and for both cotyledon and hypocotyl were observed. For shoot regen...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
... h LC50 and lethal concentration. These acute toxicity tests were performed at constant temperature (30oC), pH (8) and total hardness (250 mgL-1). All the three fish species varied significantly in their sensitivity towards metals mixture with the C. catla beingsignificantly highly sensitive followed by L. rohita and C. mrigala. After the acute toxicity tests, fish were exposed to 2/3rd of their ...
Luo Lei1, Xingxing Deng1, Dengyue Yuan2, Zonglin Zheng1, Chengke Zhu1, Hui Luo1, Baohai Li3, Hua Ye1,* and Chaowei Zhou1,3,*
...ed tissues, with the hypothalamus showing the highest expression in gibel carp. The npy mRNA expression in the hypothalamus significantly decreased 1 and 3 h after feeding (P < 0.01). Furthermore, its expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased after fasting for 7 days and declined 2 days after refeeding (at 11-day and 14 -day; P < 0.01), suggestin...
Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3
... both at 15% were most lethal to LGB, weevil and red flour beetle after 72hours following by effect of Datura stramonium (L.) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh) with respect to control. Similar response was noted at 10% concentrations of all plants but E. Camaldulensis (5%) was least effective against all insects after control. Resurgence response in F1 generation in each experiment showed high multiplication rate at low conce...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2 and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...ita exposed to sub-lethal concentration for 14 days was evaluated. After purification, specific activity of enzyme was 1750.13 and 1272.72 U mg-1 in kidney of metal exposed and control fish, respectively. The enzyme from metal exposed kidney was 2.68 fold purified with 58.73 % age recovery. Results of characterization showed that SOD had broad range of pH from 4 to 8.5 but show maximum activity at pH 7 and 7.5 for stressed and control fish, resp...
Attaur Rahman1, Sadeeq ur Rahman1,*, Ashfaq Ahmad2, Abdul Sajid1, Muhammad Asif Hussain1, Mian Muhammad Salman1, Niamat Ullah Khan1, Kamran Khan3, Fazli Rabbani1, Muhammad Akbar Shahid4, Irshad Ahmad5 and Shakoor Ahmad6
.../sup>/ml/bird (chicken lethal dose 50 (CLD50)) was injected to ostriches and broiler (control) and were clinically observed for 7 days. Our results showed that a peak cloacal temperature was recorded on day 3 and day 4 with a 2.3°F and 1.2°F maximum rise in broiler and ostrich, respectively. A decrease in feed and water intake was recorded in both broiler and ostrich from 116 g to 82 g/bird and from 235 ml to 172 ml/bird for broiler, and fro...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
Muhammad Ahmad, Zohaib Noor*, Karim Johar Khan, Waqar Younas and Ajmal Hussain
... replaced with (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) H. molitrix as a surface feeder keeping other species the same as in group 1. At the end of experiment H. molitrix showed considerably high weight gain (P< 0.05) in group 2 as compare to column and bottom feeder fish species, conversely in group 1 higher weight gain was comparatively prominent in column and bottom while, C. catla showed low weight gain. Mean values of water qual...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3
...mg/kg. The chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and Dibenz(a,h) anthracene concentrations were also found high in fish and mutton. The observed values were greater than permissible limits determined by Codex Alimentaurius and World Health Organization. High concentration of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons was observed in coal grilled meats. Anthracene content was found high in mutton meat and mean value was 12.50 µg/kg-1; flouernthene was assessed high in fish ...
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...fish health.
...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
.../i> exposed to the sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) for 14 days. The CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. Results of partial purification demonstrated that the exposure of insecticides mixture decreased the hepatic CAT activity in fish (43.33±1.41 UmL-1) as compare to control (50.33±1.41 Unit mL-1). After desalting specific activity of hepatic CAT remain...
Arif Jan*, Abdul Rab, Haroon, Rooh Ullah, Tauheed Ullah and Ikram Ullah
...valley right from Kumrat thal valley to Chukyatan Dir Upper. Fecundity and Gonado-somatic index was studied using gravimetric to infer about breeding season and reproductive potential. The mean value of absolute fecundity recorded was 14670.39 while mean value of relative fecundity was noted as 34.78. The mean value recorded for conditioned factor was 0.912 g/cm3. Relationship of fecundity with body length, body weight, ovary weight and the interrel...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...gned to figure out the lethal concentration (LC50) of emamectin, abamectin and spinosad alone and in various conbinations such as abamectin:emamectin (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) and abamectin:spinosad (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) against two larval instars (4th and 6th) of MBDIN and Lahore populations of T. granarium. The LC50 of abamectin, emamectin and spinosad for 4th larval instars of Lahore po...
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
...ate the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of manganese on antioxidant activity in the fish, Labeo rohita. Fish were acclimatized for two weeks in the cemented tanks prior to the start of experiment. Four groups (n=10) of one year old fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to 96-hr LC50 and sub-lethal concentrations (2/3rd,1/4th and 1/5th of LC50) of ma...
Yue Ren1, Peng-Fei Liu2, Wan-Long Zhu1,*,Hao Zhang1 and Jin-Hong Cai1
...um leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti aelated peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expressions were measured. The results showed that body mass and serum leptin levels were lower significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. But thermogenic characteristics and food intake were higher significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. NPY and AgRP exp...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
...d D were exposed to sublethal concentrations of methylmercury 0.044 mg/L, 0.055 mg/ L and 0.073 mg/L in tap water respectively. The fish exhibited tail and fin disruption, bulging of eyes, scales erosion, mucous secretion, hemorrhage, color change, slow down swimming, lake of balance, restlessness, swimming side-wise, retardation of opercular movement and quick sudden movements. The fish was anesthetized and liver were removed after 48 and 96 hours for histopa...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar
...e toxic impact, median lethal concentration (LC50) of each tested insecticide was determined. The results obtained, revealed that all insecticides were highly toxic after 24 hours of exposure at maximum concentration. Acephate and lymda-cyhalothrin showed the maximum toxicity with their LC50 of 83.96 and 139.07 ppm, respectively while diafenthiuron and profenofos were moderate in toxicity with LC50 values of 150.53 and 169.42 p...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...post-treatment. Median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) values were calculated for each treatment using log-dose probit analysis. Results revealed a mortality response of termites directly proportional to the extract concentration for all treatments. The floral extracts of basil (O. basilicum) and Tecoma (T. stans) exhibited maximum termite mortality (i.e. 55.5 and 50.0%, respectively) with minimum L...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...dote group (AD). A sub lethal concentration containing 15ug/g B.W of BP was given with and without turmeric orally, dissolved in corn oil, used as vehicle too. Dissections were made on 31st day, twenty-four hours after the last dose administration. Results showed that continuous administration of butyl paraben (BP) had decreased the organs weight as compared to control. Regarding biochemical parameters results had shown an increased enzymatic level ...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5
Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...of PxGV and AZA at sub-lethal doses exhibited increased larval, pupal and adult longevity and decreased larval and adult weight. In conclusion, combination of PxGV and AZA at low dose rate is a viable option to control diamondback moth.
...
Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*
...g brine shrimp’s lethality assay. All the extracts showed significant biological activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and selected fungal strains. Acetone, chloroform and methanolic extracts showed maximum activity i-e 39mm, 44mm and 35mm followed by ethyl acetate 27mm and n-hexane 26mm against microorganisms studied. Standard antibiotics were used as a positive control for bacteria and fungi respectively. The cytotoxic assay results sh...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5
...lood transfusion in Beta thalassemic patients is working with two faces, one as remedy and the other is key risk factor in the spread of silent killers. Thalassemia patients registered in Combine Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalakot and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital, Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan were studied for the viral hepatitis B and C prevalence. A total of 303 (including 164 males and 139 fem...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
...onia hierta and Euthalia garuda showed minimum (F12, F 31 and D3 0.2) of each species. The Shannon diversity (H’) is high in union council (UC) Koaz Bahram Dheri (H’= 6.05) followed by UC Dhaki (H’= 4.38), while Simpson diversity (1/D) is more significant in UC Koaz Bahram Dheri (1/D= 0.1), and Ghandheri (1/D= 0.14). While the minimum Simpson diversity (1/D) recorded from UC Tangi (1/D= 0.41) and UC Hisara Nehri (1/D= 0.31). The ma...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...ic effect of three sub-lethal dose rates (2 x 103, 4.5 x 103, and 6 x 103 PIB/Larva) of native isolated Nucleopolyhydrovirus (NPV) from Spodoptera litura and Spinosad (0.01 ppm) against 3rd and 4th instar larvae collected from three different geographical areas of Punjab (Pakistan). A difference in larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence and egg ecluson was observed. The higher but sub-le
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
Asim Faraz1,*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1
Hamza Rehman*, Nida Ahmad Khan, Asad Ali, Warda Batool and Kanwal Razzaq
... thiamethoxam was more lethal as compared to imidacloprid for concern insects. ...
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...ita kept under sub-lethal dose (4.13 µgL-1) of chlorpyrifos. Fish was kept under chlorpyrifos stress for two months and samples were collected on weekly basis. It was noted that GST level varied significantly with duration. The GST level was raised in first 28 days after that it was dropped off up to 56-day. The trend of GST in fish tissues was observed as muscle<heart<brain<kidney<gills< liver. However, TPCs in selected tis...
Expression Analysis of BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 in Rams with Different Fecundity
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...e brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and adrenal gland in high fecundity (Small Tail Han sheep) and low fecundity (Sunite sheep) rams. The results were as follows: BMPR1B, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad9 were expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Further study indicated that the expression of BMPRIB in the brain, hypo
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The integration of the BBE gene in transgenic lines was confirmed through PCR while the expression was confirmed by Reverse Transcriptase PCR. Whole plant bioassay confirmed 100% mortality in DBM within 72 hours. The present investigation concludes that the metabolic engineering of berberine in plants is an effective strategy to protect plants from herbivorous insects and this pathway should further be evaluated for possible ...
Khayyam1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Naiz Ali2 and Qadeem Khan3
...effect the pituitary-hypothalamic axis which needs to be further investigated to find the mechanism underlying it.
...
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
...in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The infected fish showed clinical signs such as: eroded gills, damaged fins and lesions all over the body. The fish specimens showed mild to severe infection. The infection caused by fungus was confirmed by isolating the pathogenic fungus from affected skin, gills, fins, heart, liver, kidney and intestine of fish and culturing it on four different culture media; Malt extract agar (MEA), Corn meal agar (CMA), ...
Fang Liu*
...essed in the ventral hypothalamus, plays important roles in axon guidance and in vasculature guidance of the developing hypothalamus. Here, using ex vivo analyses in chick, we show that FGF10 exerts concentration dependent functions in angiogenesis and hypothalamic axon guidance. At lower concentration of 100ng/ml, FGF10 promotes angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane endothelial ...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...;">Toxic effect of sub-lethal concentration (LC20) of bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and their combinations was studied on the specific activities of esterases in the 4th and 6th instar larvae of susceptible laboratory strain (Lab-S) and deltamethrin resistant population (GUW) of stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. After exposure to LC20 of bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and their combinations of 3:1 and 1:3, ...
Andrei V. Tanasevitch1 and Yuri M. Marusik2,3,4,*
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
...>Schizothoraicthys macropthalmus. Among these species, Schizothorax richardsonii is considered as vulnerable and is a valuable game fish species according to IUCN 2017 and needs urgent protection and proactive conservation efforts to save from becoming extinct in most of its range. The most abundant species of river swat was Schizothorax plagiostomus while the least abundant species was Schizothoraicthys macropthal...
Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1
Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...ppm and 3000 ppm] of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on rooting of various olive varieties (Hamdi, Nocellara and Sevallino) an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar during 2016. The trial was performed using two factorial RCBD. Cuttings were collected from mature olive orchard. The cuttings were treated for ten seconds in required concentration of NAA solutions. According to the experimental results, minimum days to r...
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
... complications in β thalassemia major (BTM) patients, the current study was carried on 408 subjects including 204 patients and 204 controls. For all 408 individuals; complete blood count (CBC), blood group, serum ferritin level and liver function tests were performed. Secondary complications were assessed by physical examination of pallor, splenomegaly, ascites, and hepatomegaly. The average±SD values of patients’ CBCs and liver enzymes were:...
Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3
...speptin may suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and spermatogenesis.
...
Iqtidar Hussain*, Muzafar Ali, Imam Bakhsh and Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik
Effect of Different Levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at Various Phenological Stages of Hybrid Sorghum to Enhance Fodder Productivity
...ine optimum level of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) as foliar application at various growth stages to increase the fodder productivity of hybrid sorghum. A field trial was carried out in RCBD having 3-replications with split-plot arrangement at Agriculture Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP during 2017. Sorghum hybrid cv. “Jumbo+” was used as tested plant material. Four levels of NAA (40, 80, 120 and 160 ml...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3
Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...he crops and cause the lethal effects on human health. Many countries in the world switched from chemical based agriculture to green based agriculture that are ecologically reliable, socially acceptable and economically sound. In current scenario, the nanotechnology has revolutionized the agriculture with the greatest potential of nano based insecticides for the insect pest management. The physical and chemical approaches are most widely used for the synthesis...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz*, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
Adverse Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Biological Parameters and Functional Response of Predatory Beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Brassica Aphid
...secticides at their sublethal concentrations was assessed on the biological parameters and functional response of Coccinella septempunctata. All insecticides significantly reduced the fecundity, TPOP (total pre-oviposition period), larval weight and increased the life span of C. septempunctata relative to control. Thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin non-significantly reduced the coccinellids larval weight. Type II response was shown by larvae of C. septempunct...
Hafiz Tassawar Abbas1*, Tamoor Khan1, Ghulam Khaliq2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Muhammad Rashid4, Intazar Ali5, Muhammad Abuzar Jaffar2, Ghulam Ali Bugti6 and Muhammad Waseem4
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
...proteins induced by sublethal-temperature are molecular chaperons that positively regulate plant growth and development that govern acclimation in plants but little has been known under lethal-temperature stress. Thus, the impact of induction of thermotolerance by sublethal-temperature (40 °C), 100 µM indoleacetic acid (IAA), and 100 µM gibberellic acid (GA
Arshad Mehmood Khattak1, Saleem Ullah1*, Farida Anjum2, Hamid U. Shah1 and Sahib Alam1
Muhammad Arslan Ibrahim1*, Aneeqa Aleem2, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Shahbaz Ahmad1, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Anwar1, Talia Aroob2 and Mansoor Ahmad3
...f fall armyworm. A sub-lethal dose of 4µl of entomopathogenic NPV suspension containing 4×106 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) was tested as a mortality factor against the late larval instars of S. frugiperda when natural mortality tends to decrease after each successive instar. The single-sex method was adopted in the construction of the life table. The ratio of mortality in the late instars (3rd to 5th) was greater than the early instars because...
Li Shengqing1,2,3, Zhang Xiyun2,3, Liu Shengcai2,3, Hu Guoyuan2, Fan Yuxia2,Liu Huaixin2, Wang Tingting2 and Zhang Yanming1*
...formatic analyses. The lethal median dose (LD50) values of intragastrically and orally administred type D botulinum toxin in wild plateau pikas, plateau zokors, and Microtus fuscus are calculated through Horn’s method and the improved Karber method. The ability of the toxin to prevent and control rodent damage is assessed through plot experiments. The safety of type D botulinum toxin toward nontarget animals, such as yaks, Tibetan sheep...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...d exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations (37.5µg/g; 18.7µg/g; 9.37µg/g B.W) of aluminum, with and without onion extract. Control and antidote groups were treated with distilled water and onion equous extract, respectively. Doses were administered orally by gavage for 30 consecutive days, once a day and mice were euthanized on the 31st day. Blood was collected in serum separating tubes through intracardiac puncture for biochemic...
Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Saba Saeed1
...xicity (96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations) for two fish species viz. Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala was determined in this study. During metal stress trials both species were kept at constant temperature (32°C), pH (7) and hardness (250 mg L-1) of water. Physico-chemical parameters of test medium were monitored regularly. The observed mean LC50 and lethal concentrations for Cirrhinus mrigala were 55.85 ± 2....
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...enous application of naphthalene acetic acid levels in late sown wheat in agro climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, KP., Pakistan. Data registered on agronomic parameters i.e. plant height (cm), spike weight (g), spike length (cm), number of tillers, weight of 1000 grains (g), number of grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1), yield of grain (kg ha-1), yield of straw (kg ha-1), productivity score and harvest index were significant in different doses of ...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
...on (73.3%) against the lethal A/chicken/Egypt/SHAH-1403/2011 (H5N1) AIV challenge, with no evidence of virus shedding. Keeping in mind that each bird was potentially challenged with 105 EID50, which may not be available to all birds under field condition. The foremost vaccine regimen can provide a safe, effective and considerable tool for the control of HPAIV in commercial chickens. Maximizing the beneficial role of recombinant and reassortant vaccines in sing...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
...xposed to the four sub-lethal doses (26.61, 13.30, 19.98 and 7.98 mgL-1) of Cr+Cr mixture for 28 days and blood was sampled after 7 days interval. A group (n=10) of fish were also kept in clean water (negative control=NC) and cyclophasphamid (positive control=PC), separately. Blood from caudal vein of fish was collected to see the micronuclei (MN) and de-shape nuclei (DN). Results showed that test dose 26.61 mgL-1 induced significantly hi...
Gong Xue-na1, Jia Ting2, Zhang Di2 and Zhu Wanlong1*
...serum leptin levels, hypothalamic neuropeptide expressions and body compositions were measured. The results showed that regions and HF diet affected body mass, food intake and RMR significantly, HF diet increased body mass in E. miletus, while regions had significant effect on activity behavior, but HF diet had not affect activity behavior. Regions and HF diet also showed remarkable effects on leptin and hypothal
Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3* and Abdul Waheed3
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...font>assemia (β-thal) is a monogenic disease characterized by mutations on the HBB gene, affecting the production of globin that results in hypochromic and microcytic anemia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of six common β-thal mutations, their frequency, consanguinity in parents and inheritance pattern in patients of Karak region, Khyber Pakhunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. During th...
Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*
...Acetic acid (2,4-D), Nephthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)], cytokinin [Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP)] either alone or in combination with each other and carbon sources [sucrose, glucose and fructose] with varying concentrations (2, 4 and 6%) were evaluated for their effect on the tissue culture of sugarcane variety-CP 77/400. For callus induction 2,4-D as an auxin was found to be most effective as compared to NAA. BAP and NAA in combination resulted in high regeneration ...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sadia Nawaz1, Iqra Ameer1, Ameer Khatoon1, Hameed Ur Rehman3, Sahibzada Muhammad Jawad4 and Haider Ali5
..., Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish species selected for the current study is generally widely cultured in Pakistan and worldwide. Fish sampling was done by using different nets (river and farm) and blood sampling was immediately drawn from caudal peduncle by syringe and added in EDTA containing vial and shake well for proper mixing. Vials stored in ice containing boxes and carried to laboratory for total complete...
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
...n brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens and adrenal gland tissues in both breeds. The expression level of Clock and BMAL1 showed similar trends in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis and epididymis in both breeds. The expression levels of Clock, BMAL1, and Cry1 were significantly higher in the pituitary tissue of STH rams than in tha...
Xiaoyun He1, Yongfu La2, Jinxin Wang1, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1 and Mingxing Chu1*
... gonadal function by Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPGA) in vertebrates. FSHR has the function of transmitting follicle-stimulating growth biological information in animal breeding activities. In this study, we analyzed the structure of FSHR gene’s promoter, expression regulation and the correlation between polymorphism with fecundity. The results show that it is highly possible that the promoter of FSHR gene is in the region of 2045...
Muhammad Waqas1, Naveed Ahmed2*, Hamid Saeed Malik1, Unaiza Qamar3, Hasnain Javed4 and Ahsan Hussain1
...(RBCs) indices in β-thalassemia carrier patients with frequency of different common and uncommon/uncharacterized mutations that are IVS 1-5 (G-C), Fr8-9 (+G), Fr 41-42 and Cd 5 mutations of β-thalassemia traits. A total 293 β-thalassemia carrier patients were included in study. Fr 8-9 (+G) was found the most common mutation of β-thala...
Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2,* and Abdur Rehman3
Lethal and Sub Lethal Effects of Plant Extracts and Green Silver Nanoparticles against Culex pipiens
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...nd concentrations. The lethal and sub lethal effects of plant extracts on the mean development of larvae was the maximum by A. indica while the effects on pupal period were the maximum by A. indica and Z. officinale. Similarly, female longevity was the maximum by A. indica and that of male by S. aromaticum. As regards green synthesized AgNPs, the lethal and sub let...
Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1
...ell as influence of sublethal dose from both fungi on the larval development were also evaluated. B. bassiana was more potent than M. anisopliae in both larvicidal activity and inhibition of flies’ emergence. Blends from fungi and essential oils exhibited synergistic effect but fungi mixture produced antagonistic effect. The development of M. domestica larvae was affected by sublethal dose from fungi. In conclusion, M....
Qaisra Siddique1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique1 and Qingyou Liu3
...fy;">In this work, sub-lethal (1/3rd, 1/5th and 1/6th of LC50) effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on biochemical markers such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and total protein contents in various tissues (gills, hepatic, renal, brain, muscle and cardiac) of Labeo rohita was determined. Fish was exposed for 60-day and sampling was done after 7-day. Results showed that the GST activity was considerably increased in L. rohita as compared to control. The GS...
Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2
... justify;">Patients with thalassemia major are exposed to a wide range of blood transition viruses that among them hepatitis B and C viruses are in high significance. This study investigates the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in hospital admissions for thalassemia major in Bengbu, China. This study is a cross-sectional study in which information was extracted and collected from patients’ records, including gender, age, ...
Asim Faraz1*, Bernard Faye2, Cem Tirink3, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amal AlKharusi5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Nasir Ali Tauqir7, Muhammad Arslan Akbar8, Muhammad Usman Saleem9, Rana Muhammad Bilal7, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel10
Samia Azad1, Iram Liaqat1*, Riffat Iqbal1 and Uzma Rafi2
...rohita) exposed to sub lethal concentrations of heavy metal cadmium (Cd). CdCl2 was used as cadmium (heavy metal) source. Five concentrations of CdCl2 (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ppm of Cd) were tested in glass aquaria having 35 Rohu fingerlings in each. After exposure for six week, sections of intestine, kidney and liver were excised and studied histologically. Results revealed variation in histological changes from mild to severe depending on concentration o...
Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6
Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7
Saima Mehar1 and Salma Javed2*
...xposure at 1% with the lethal concentration (LC50) values 0.168 mg/land all four concentration are 100 % toxic at 72 h of exposure. W-56D proved to be 100 % lethal at 0.1 and 0.5 % concentration after 48 h of exposure with (LC50) 0.065 mg/l. The lowest mortality was found from WC-3 and the mortality rate was found to be 30-50 %with (LC50) values 0.135 mg/l, 0.187 mg/land 0.145 mg/lafter 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure. Compoun...
Khuzeema Tanveer1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Ahrar Khan2
... 145, and red 195) and phthalocyanine dyes (C.I reactive blue 21). Thirty-five bacteria and one yeast isolated from textile industry wastewater were tested for their tolerance to and degradation of the four dyes. Most of the bacteria showed maximum dye tolerance at 1000 ppm. Dye degradation monitored by measuring the absorbance of dye solutions at their λ max (592 nm for black dye, 614 nm for blue dye, 423 nm for yellow dye and 523 nm for red dye) befor...
Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6
...ve impact factors on hypothalamus-pituitary stalkand normal function of the ovarywhich leads to alteration in follicular development, ovulation, reduced reproductive performance, unsuccessful ovulation, increased interval between parturition and conception, low conception rate, decrease in calving rate, increase in number of inseminations at each conception and finally culling. The incidence of COD is ranges from 5-30%, due to the improper managemental system,...
Khalid Khan1*, Ahmed Farhan Saeed2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3 and Saima Liaqat4
...ela namely Hub, Gadani, Uthal, Dureji, and Bela. Around 15 farmers were randomly selected and questioned in each of the tehsil. To achieve the objectives of study nonparametric correlation coefficient test and regression analysis are carried out. The study accentuated various factors which are responsible for the adaptation of poultry technologies and their standard practices. The study found that the lack of education, training, availability of credit and inf...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Shaista Ali1, Sumbla Yousaf2, Amina Rahat1 and Hamid Ullah Shah3
...coals. The chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and DBAHA concentrations were assessed high in mutton samples grilled on coals. Furthermore, this research observed the factors that might be helpful in minimizing the level of meat contaminants if practiced with traditional grilling procedures....
Muhammad Kashif Maan1*, Rohma Shabbir2
...aint of progressive exophthalmos with proptosis without pain, disturbance in ocular motility, visual deterioration, and chemosis. There was no evidence of presence of cyst in lungs and liver upon radiographic examination. Rhinotomy approach was used to enucleate the Cyst. There was no postoperative complication after enucleation of the Cyst.
Keywords | Exopthalmia, intraorbital hydatid cyst, proptosis, Rhinotomy ...
Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1, Atta Hussain Shah1*, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Ghulam Shabir Bahram1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1
...carcinogen and is less lethal but it is still cytotoxic. The present study was conducted on prevalence and quantification of AFM1 in raw buffalo milk in Sindh province. A total of three hundred and fifteen raw milk samples (n=315) from dairy farms of three regions in Sindh province i.e., southern (Karachi, Thatta, Hyderabad), central (Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Shaheed Benazirabad) and northern (Naushahro Feroze, Sukkur and Larkana) were collected and analyzed using...
Afifa Yaqub1, Mehroze Amin1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Saira Aftab1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...er concentrations were lethal for the cancerous cells. IC50 was found to be 12.6 µM. Further contextualization of the therapeutic potential of G9a inhibition was provided by expression analysis of the G9a gene and genes associated with cell proliferation, tumor suppression, and apoptosis. The gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), enolase 2 (ENO2), cyclin D1 (CCND1), catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα2), RNA pol...
Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Syeda Maryam Hussain3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2, Muhammad Arslan Akbar4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5
Jun Wang*, Xiaoming Jiang and Zhiwei Sun
... (Linnaeus, 1758); Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844); Hypophthalmichthys nobil (Richardson, 1845); Gymnocypris eckloni (Herzenstein, 1891); Schizopygopsis pylzovi (Kessler, 1876); Triplophysa siluroides (Herzenstein, 1888); Silurus lanzhouensis (Chen, 1977); Silurus asotus (Linnaeus, 1758); Channa argus (Cantor, 1842). The b values of the LWRs ranged from 2.598 for Ctenopharyngodon idella to 3.271 for Parabram...
Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*
...ur of prey species via lethal (direct kill) or non-lethal effects (i.e., through predation risk). For example, prey species may move from areas perceived as risky to safer spaces where predation risk is lower, which can have important consequences for investment in foraging, movement, and mating, and for the behaviour and habitat use of other species, such as mesopredators. These changes in prey and mesopredator behaviours a...
Ting Jia1*, Dong-Min Hou2 and Wan-Long Zhu2*
...), leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression were measured in each group. The results showed that body mass in A. chevrieri was significantly affected by temperature, food and photoperiod, which was decreased by low temperature, food restriction and short photoperiod. RMR and NST were significantly affected by temperature and food quantity. The content of leptin was significantly affected by temperature, photoperiod and food quantity. Low tem...
Ansar Abbas1*, Muhammad Aman Ullah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Muhammad Asif4
Nosheen Jehajo*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Naheed Shah
....50% of both oils were lethal concentrations (LC50) which killed almost (50%) population of beetles after 48 hrs of exposure. Furthermore, both oils were effective by reducing (100%) oviposition, population emergence and seeds infestation rate as compared to control in which 75% infested grains were found including the large number of eggs and adults. These two oils provided best protection at their higher concentrations to mung beans against Callosobruchus ma...
Molluscicidal Activity and Biochemical Interactions of Copper Sulfate against Theba pisana (MĂĽller)
Emtiaz Ibrahim Ghoniem, Gaber Mamdouh Abdelgalil, Amira Farouk Gad* and El-Sayed Hassan Eshra
...ntoxicated with two sublethal doses of CuSO4 (0.25 and 0.5 of LD50) after 24, 48 and 72 h were examined. The results indicated that the LD50 values of CuSO4 were 166.5, 92.59 and 70.63 µg/g b.w for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The biochemical effects of CuSO4 led to a significant increment of AChE activities in treated snails after all tested times. While the tested compound inhibited ALP activities in all treated animal groups. AST and ALT activities ...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Nadra Khan3 and Waqas Raza4
...on the earth, transmit lethal diseases in humans as well as animals. Spatial distribution of mosquitoes provides clues for their precise and accurate control. In this study, which was conducted in 2014-16, different habitats including, graveyards, scrapyards, forest areas, streams, crops, residential areas, and animal sheds were specified in Jhelum district. Surveys for the collection of mosquitoes were made and a total of 365 specimens were collected. These s...
Sayed H. Al Habty1, Dina N.Ali2*
...at 10mg/ml and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) at 40mg/ml. The results revealed that 40mg/ml LF in yogurt could inhibit MDR S. aureus at 2nd day while, 20mg/ml at the 4th day. The study concluded that LF can be used as a bio preservative in yogurt due to its highest antimicrobial activity and acceptable sensorial properties.
Keywords | MDR, Antibiotic resistance, Sensory evaluation, Yogurt, Ice cream, Damietta cheese
...
H. M. Hassan† and S. A. Ibrahim
...c smart at the quarter lethal concentration (LC25) is effective in causing mortality of S. littoralis....
A.M. El-Baha1, A. A. El-Sherbiny2†, M. Z. M. Salem1, N. Shaarawy3 and N. H. Mohamed3
...vely. In addition, the lethal concentrations (LC) causing 50% J2 mortality (LC50) of C. citriodora and E.
camaldulensis oils were 235.9 and 327.7 mg/l, for C. citriodora and E. camaldulensis leaves EOs, respectively.
Essetial oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Isopulegol (53.68%), citronellol
(15.26%) and isopulegol acetate (15.25%) were found to be major constituents of C. citriodora, while ...
MARIUM ASLAM, MUHAMMAD JAVED, FAIZA AMBREEN* & FARIHA LATIF
...50 of zinc and its sub-lethal concentrations viz. 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50 for 30 days at constant laboratory conditions. After 30-day, the fish were sacrificed and their liver and kidney were analyzed for peroxidase enzyme activity. Change in activity of peroxidase enzyme in the fish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations was compared with the control. Dose dependent increase in the activities of peroxidase enzyme was o...
Dalia Mansour Hamed1, Mohsen Zaky El Dimerdash1, Ahmed Abdelatif Ali2, Samer Adel Abd El-Gaffar3, Mona Salim Abdallah1*
...as the predominant and lethal bacteria in young rabbits. In addition, the semi closed nursing system improved the health of newborn rabbits. finally, probiotic/antibiotic combination is the best choice against S. aureus infection. The guide lines in rearing systems , mainly semi-closed nursing system , would decrease the susceptibility to bacterial infections
Keywords | Antibiotic; Mortalities; Nursing; Probiotic; Rabbit; S. aureus.
...
Safaa Rhaimi1, Sara Brikat2, Mouloud Lamtai2*, Mohammed Ouhssine1
...hermore, the LD50 (50% lethal dose) was determined at 3000 mg/kg. Based on these findings, the no observed adverse effect level of salvia officinalis essential oil was established to be 1000 mg/kg. Evaluation of the effect of this therapeutic dose revealed a clear anxiolytic and antidepressant actions and improved memory functioning in female Wistar rats. In conclusion, salvia officinalis essential oil produce neuroprotective activity in female rats.
Siti Fairus Mohamed Yusoff1, Annie Christianus1*, Yuzine Esa1, Muhammad Fadhil Syukri Ismail1, Bashiru Garba2, Nik Siti Zaimah Safiin3, Nur Hamid Hidayahanum4
...ween Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (PH) (♀) and Pangasius nasutus (PN) (♂), denoted as hybrid PH×PN, in comparison to its parents’ species in terms of proximate compositions, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles. The results revealed that the biochemical composition of hybrid PH×PN was comparable with either one of its parents’ species. The crude lipid and total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were significantly higher in hybrid PH×...
Heavy metals (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
... (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to ...
Asim Faraz1, Amal AlKharusi2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel4, Syeda Maryam Hussain5, Abdul Waheed1*, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6
Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3
... predetermined minimal lethal dose of gamma radiation (4krad kGy/min) and the bacterial inactivation was assured using bacteriological examination. Two experiments were done; in experiment No.1, the immunizing efficacy of the prepared vaccine was evaluated in two groups of apparently normal lactating cows (4 cows /group). The first group was unvaccinated and kept as a control group all over the study while the animals in the second group were immunized with th...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3,
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
Balquees Kanwal1*, Syeda Saba Shah1, Syed Waqas Hassan2 and Farzana Shaheen3
...colitis (HC) and other lethal complications. Consumption of STEC contaminated food has been associated with food related illnesses outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of O157:H7 strain of STEC by detection of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes in 160 chicken meat samples, which are randomly collected from different regions of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. Isolation of pathogen from meat samples were performed with the use of International Organization for sta...
Xiaowei Huang1, Chao Ma1, He Lin1, Yuchen Wang1, Yan Xu1, Guangfu Lv2* and Zhe Lin1*
...tus ranae can reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperfunction induced by CUMS, increase the expression level of BDNF related signal pathway proteins, improve hippocampal tissue damage, and thus play an antidepressant role by regulating the negative feedback of HPA....
Anwar ul Haq1, Maqsooda Parveen2, Shehzadi Saima3* and Khalid Masood Ahmad1*
...f both auxins viz. 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (50 mg/L,100 mg/L) and Indole-3-acetic acid (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L) on tip cuttings of chrysanthemum. In this experiment, 15 pots of 9-inch diameter were used which were filled with silt, leaf mould and well rotten farmyard manure (1:1:1). Three cuttings in each pot and a total of 45 cuttings were planted. Cuttings of each treatment were dipped for 3 minutes in respective solution before planting. Uprooting was done af...
Munawar Lal1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Hanif Chandio1, Faheem Saddar3, Hameeda Narejo4, Ghulam Dastagir5, Ghulam Abbas6 and Shahnaz Rashid6
...68.86 g in weight. Arius thalassinus was 210 and ranged in length and weight from 5.4 to 19.8 cm and 4.32 to 88.9 g, respectively. In comparison to the other four dominating species from Nurri Lake, District Badin, Sindh, Liza subviridis, Aulopaereiaocellata, Acanthopagrus latus, and Arius thalasinus species, it was determined that the Mugilcephalus was extremely close to being in optimum condition (b =2.92 and r2 = 0.98). T...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1
...’s knowledge about thalassemia. The third and fourth sections dealt with people’s perceptions and attitudes regarding thalassemia. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics was used to analyse the data. Approximately 75% of the participants (n = 1677) had heard of thalassemia. Around 48% of the people interviewed were unaware that one might be a
Selvaraj Thanga Malathi¹, Venkatraman Anuradha1*, Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali2, Muhameed Sajjad Sarwar3, Nagarajan Yogananth2
...loticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of Lithium [30%] for a chronic period of 60 days. The levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH tested were significantly decreased in treated groups when compared to the normal. Thus, it is evident that determination of thyroid hormone secretion and histological studies (FESEM – field emission scanning electron microscopy) were useful in determining the effect of trace metal pollution and its effect in freshwater fish specie...
Bing Yan1, Meng Meng Zhang2, Xi Chen2, Yongming Li2*, Muhammad Khan3* and Tonghui Ma1*
...of the most common and lethal primary brain tumors due to its high malignancy and heterogeneity. Despite recent advances in medical technology and concerted effort to improve therapeutic methods, the prognosis of GBM still remains very poor. The poor prognosis is associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) which hold the potential of self-renewal, and differentiation into pathogenomic heterogeneous tumor formation leading to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, tar...
Chen Gu1,2, Ze-Dong Xu1, Lin Chen1, Ming-Hui Gu1, Sheng-Mei Yang1, Ai-Qing Wang1, Bao-Fa Yin1* and Wan-Hong Wei1,2,3*
...ing behavior and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses of Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) offspring after their mothers had been repeatedly exposed to predator odors during pregnancy. We exposed pregnant Brandt’s voles to distilled water (DW, the control), rabbit odor (RO, non-predator odor), or cat odor (CO, predator odor) for 18 days (60 min/day). Once the offspring matured into adults, we exposed them to either rabbit odor or ...
Yuyu Wang1,2, Mingzhu Li 3,4, Gang Lin4, Xiaohua Guo5, Aihua Sun5, Hao Dong5, Qinghui Ai1,* and Kangsen Mai1,*
...position of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) larvae. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 0 (S0, control diet), 50 (S5), 100 (S10) and 150 (S15) g kg−1 Schizochytrium meal. Fish (initial body weight, 0.06 g) were randomly allotted to 12 square fiberglass tanks. Fish were fed 5 times daily (7:00, 10:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 21:00) for 28 days. No significant differences were observed in survival and intestinal morphology among f...
Yasir Ali1, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif1-2, Salman Ahmad3*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Saqib Saeed2, Mohsin Iqbal1, Mozam Ejaz1 and Saima Naseer5
...ungicides such as Cholorothalonyl+metalyxl @ 2000 ml/ha; Pyraclostrobin @ 375 ml/ha; Sulphur @ 2500 g/ha; Diphenoconazole @ 375 ml/ha; Tubiconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 303 g/ha, Polyram DF @ 625 g/ha and Propiconazole @ 625 g/ha for the management of leaf rust of wheat in Research Area of Plant Pathology, Hafiz Abad Research Station, B.Z.U. Bahadar Sub-Campus, Layyah, during crop seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with thr...
Qingjin Li1,2, Zhiyuan Sui1,2, Jihu Zhang1,2, Zhishuai Zhang1,2 and Feng Xing1,2*
...were detected in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, uterus and oviduct in the three development periods of prepuberty, puberty, and postpuberty. The results showed that the coding region of CTSD gene of Duolang sheep had a full length of 1,239 bp, encoding 412 amino acids. The sequence of Duolang sheep CTSD was relatively similar to those of other mammals and was in line with evolutionary relationship. The mRNA of CTSD gene was expressed in all the tissues of...
Sehrish Ishtiaq1, Mahroze Fatima1*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Noor Khan3, Muhammad Bilal4, Maryam2 and Sobia Nisa1
...on of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (average initial weight 13.7 ± 0.05 g). Nine isonitrogenous, isocaloric and isolipidic diets with three Ca levels (0, 1 and 2%) combined with three P levels (0, 1 and 2% P) were prepared. Results showed that silver carp fed the diet supplemented with 1% Ca and 1% P level yielded the similar (p > 0.05) growth performance as was recorded for that fed diet containing 2% Ca and 2% P. No significant differenc...
Physiological Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Adrenal Insufficiency Induces by Glucocorticoid in Rats
Wafaa AL. Bnyean1,2 ,Zainab A.H. AL-Mousawi1*
...by hydrocortisone of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis hormones and reduces the free radicals. ...
Nabi Ullah, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar, Amber Jabeen and Ayesha Hanif
Getulio A. Barcenas Jr.1* and Luisa Marie I. Barcenas2
...paclobutrazol (PBZ), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP); and ethrel at 100 ppm concentration on the vegetative and reproductive expression of cucumber were studied at the cotyledonary and two-leaf stages. The study was laid out in a split-plot randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results showed significant differences in plant responses wherein the application of GA3 resulted in the longest vine length at the two-leaf stag...
Abir Ishtiaq1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Maria Younas1, Tasveer Ishtiaq1, Zara Naeem3 and Muhammad Naeem4*
...n of Bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, from the farming system of Bahawalnagar, Pakistan, in relation to body size and condition factor. For this purpose, twenty-eight samples of H. nobilis, of different body size were procured from a private fish farm, for analysis of body composition parameters’ variables in relation to body size and condition factor. Mean body weight and total length was measured and condition factor of farmed collected fish w...
Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3
...erent herbicides (Pendimethalin, dual gold and fenxaprop-p-ethyl), mulches (Black polythene, white polythene and available weed biomass) and allelopathic weed extracts (Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Lathyrus sp.) compared with control treatment. The study parameters include; weed density (m-2) before and after application, fresh and dry weight (m-2) of A. tenuifolius Cav., plant height (cm), number of nodes and branches plant-1, leaf...
Faiza Naeem1, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,*, Qurat Ul Ain1 and Qurat-ul-Ain Zafar1
...actions and centrality-lethality hypothesis representing that knockdown of influential node and edge leads toward the development of the disease. This ranking allows identification of the influential protein for the targeted drug discovery and therapies. An extensive study of published articles was conducted to enlist asthma-associated genes reported significant (P-value < 0.05) in the Pakistani population. Pathway Connector (http://bioinformatics.cing.ac.c...
Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*
...a adult, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.52 g/L. Among the 66 binary mixtures, 19 showed strong synergistic effects, while 21 showed antagonistic effects. The most profound synergistic effect was the mixture of l-carvone and dihydrocarvone, with an expected mortality of 35.2% and actual mortality of 98.4%. Estragole had the highest frequency of antagonistic effect (7 combinations), and the most significant antagonism was observed when comb...
Taidong Wang1, Xiaowei Huang1, Jian Huang2, Guangfu Lv3 and Zhe Lin1*
...expression levels in hypothalamus (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and low-dose group significantly increased BCL2 protein expression levels (P<0.01). It was found that SR can significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats with elevated body temperature, reduce serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels, reduce the hypothalamus COX2, caspase3 and Bax protein expression levels and improve BCL2 protein expressio...
Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed Ibrahim
...ds. Oil’s median lethal dose (LD50) was 2225 mg/kg, which suggests that clove oil has a relatively low level of toxicity. Eighteen adults male Wistar albino rats, six months, weighing 200–250g, were used and randomly grouped as follows: Group 1 was kept as a positive control group without treatment. At the same time, Group 2 received clove oil extract orally (10 mg/kg B.W.). Group 3 received Piroxicam (5mg/kg B.W) orally. The anti-inflammatory acti...
Eman, M. M. Soliman*; Taha, M. M.*;El-Sanousi A,;Shalaby M. S. Wasscl , Youscf Adel*
...s 103 to 104 mouse I/P lethal dose50(MIPLD50), it was ranged from 0.006 - 0.0007. Using the Rt-PCR to confirm the efficacy of binary ethyleneamine as inactivator to RVF virus used in tested vaccine through applying RTPCR on master seed RVF virus as positive control samples, RVF virus after inactivated with binary ethyleneamine and on the eluted RVF antigen from the tested vaccine, the master seed RVF virus gave positive band at 800bp but the RVF virus af...
Xiaojun Li
... dihydrotanshinone had lethal effect on diamondback moth larvae, and the correlation coefficient was 0.972. Through further antifeedant test, it was found that diamondback moth larvae had obvious antifeedant behavior to acetone extracts of SIB represented by cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone, and the correlation coefficient was -0.915. By further observing the influence of acetone extract of SIB on the feeding selection behavior of diamondback moth larvae...
Asma Ilyas1, Tanzeela Riaz 2*, Sammi Rasheed1, Uzma Ramzan1, Afsheen Munawar Butt1 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu
...cted crayfish, and the lethal dose 50% was 1.52 × 106 CFU/g crayfish. Serious histopathological changes, such as cell degeneration and necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, were found in diseased crayfish. In conclusion, this study confirmed the pathogen of whitish muscle disease in farmed P. clarkii, and preliminarily investigated the biological characteristic, pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of this bacterium. The results of this ...
Ghaith Z. Hasan Al-Askari *, Eman H. Yousif Al-Taee
...e to assess the median lethal dose (LD50) of VD in female albino rats and to assess the effects of vitamin D (VD) on the severity of acute upper or chronic vitamin D intoxication (VDI) through the study of cytogenetic effects in addition to histopathological changes in the tissues of female rats. The methods included in the first experiment, the female rats were orally administered the following lethal doses: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2,...
Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2
...etermined by the LC50+ lethal concentration of a tertiary combination comprising lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) was assessed on two freshwater fish species, Catla catla and Labeo rohita, employing probit analysis. Over a period of 90 days, mortality served as the primary toxicity criterion. The experiments were conducted under consistent conditions of pH (7), temperature (28.00.00°C), and water hardness (198.00 mgL-1), with three replicates for e...
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3
...ains. Accordingly, sub-lethal doses of the drug result in development of hyper-resistances. The bacteria have evolved the molecular genetical basis (and other parameters) for acquiring the resistance. For the containment and eradication of globally evolving MDR bacteria, it is crucial to understand and implement certain strategies/agents such as, probiotics, CRISPRs, bacteriophages, nanotechnology and phytochemicals....
Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1
...ampus, striatum, and hypothalamus of male and female “Wistar” rat pups, as these areas have differential developing states. NO level was determined on postnatal days (PND) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. The supernatant nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentration was assessed after the reduction of nitrates to nitrites using the Griess reaction. Results revealed three distinct periods during postnatal development. In the first period, ...
Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain
...ugh animals and can be lethal. It is a disease that affects all warm-blooded species and is widespread worldwide, except for islands like Australia and Antarctica. Rabies causes more than 60,000 deaths annually, although every year about 15 million people receive Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Wildlife including raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes are major rabies reservoirs. The disease is primarily spread by the bite of a rabid animal and the saliva o...
Moazama Batool1*, Syeda Ansa Fatima1, Saima Naz2*, Qurat Ul Ain1, Sheeza Bano1, Ghulam Abbas3 and Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4
...ish were exposed to sublethal (1/3rd of LC50) doses of bifenthrin i.e., 2.16 µg/L for 30 days. Behavioral parameters of C. idella were observed at acute as well as sub-lethal concentrations. It was observed that behavioral parameters of C. idella such as opercular movement, somersaulting activity, convulsions rate, air gulfing was significantly (p<0.05) increased by increasing the bifenthrin concentration. Fin movem...
Ali Hazrat1*, Qasir Ali2, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
...flora, fewer
thallose liverworts and moss taxa were also found. A richer habitat variety including dry
and wet habitats, as well as its bigger area, seem to account for the higher diversity of the
bryophyte species in Sheringal valley. Most bryophytes in Sheringal valley are corticolous
(40%) followed by epiphyllous (30%), saxicolous (20%), and terrestrial (10%). Further
studies are suggested to furth...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Abdul Rehman1, Amjed Ali1,
Nasir Iqbal2, Qaisar Mumtaz1, Amir Javed1
...gence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1,
pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which were applied immediately
after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1,
metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741
g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g ...
Luqman1, Zahid Hussain1, Mohammad Ilyas2, Azmat Ali Awan3, Javed Rahman 2,
Mazhar Ali2 and Tamana Bakht4
...iv>
330 EC (pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence. For comparison of the treatments with
weed free and weedy conditions, a hand weeding and a weedy check (control) treatment
were also kept. Data were collected on weeds fresh biomass, number of plants ha-1 and fruit
weight. The results showed significant effect for all the parameters during both years. Weed
biomass was the highest (2971 and 3595 kg ha-1, r...
*Arshad Javaid1, Syeda Fakehha Naqvi1 and Iqra Haider Khan1
...zoate (3.29%); dihexyl phthalate (4.99%); tricosanoic acid (2.74%); dioctyl phthalate
(4.99%), hexanal (3.05%) and ergostane (1.29%). Literature survey showed that 10 of the
identified compounds exhibited various biological activities including antifungal,
antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and antipsoriatic. However, this study concludes that
most of the compounds were ant...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2,
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...ibiting minimum medial lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) values (i.e. 12.32 and 38.01 ppm and 16.67 and 11.68 days, respectively). Among microbial formulations tested, S. litura-nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki appeared as the most effective microbial treatments exhibiting minimum LC50 (3.78 × 103 OB mL-1 and 1.22 × 107 spores mL-1, respectively) and LT50 (3.83 and 3.71 days, respectively) values. While...
Shuaib Kaleem , Muhammad Ansar , Anjum Ali , Shabbir Ahmed
Dilbaugh Muhammad , Muhammad Naveed Afzal, Ilyas Raza , Muhammad Azam Mian
Jasmin Shah,FARHAT UN NISA SHEHZAD
MUHAMMAD YASEEN,MUHAMMAD SIBTAIN,RASHID AHMAD,Asif Tanveer
Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2
...5, p < 0.0001). The lethal concentration (LC50) estimates of bitter leaf ethanol and chloroform extracts were 0.137 g/ml (0.006 – 3.434) and 0.157 (0.004 – 6.099), re ...
Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4
...se, the 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of water borne cadmium for fish L. rohita were determined as 12.38mgL-1 and 23.6mgL-1, respectively. In secondary phase, fish was subjected to sub-lethal (1/3rd of LC50) value of cadmium for 60-days. Result showed significant decrease in daily weight gain, daily length gain, condition factor, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of Cd-treated fish as compared to control f...
Zaigham Abbas1*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Anjum Aqeel1, Talha Nazir2
Ashar Farooq and Mubashir Hassan
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhter and Masood Amjad
... Butyric Acid (IBA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and other commercial rooting hormone (powder form) with different concentrations and combinations. It has been researched out that true to type Shisham tube plants can be produced vegetatively through the application of rooting hormones, which are fit for field planting with in a period of 4 months. NAA with a concentration of 100 mg/l among the other rooting hormones proved to be more economical for productio...
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Chaudhry Muhammad Muslim and Muhammad Mushtaque
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Mushtaque and Barket Ali Awan
Mohammad Noor and Bashir Hussain Shah
S. H. Iqbal and Firdaus-e-Bareen
...cles were common
in the thallus and rhizoids of liverworts (Marchantia palmate) while many types of vesicles occurred in the
rhizoids, stem and leaves of mosses. At the approach of winter the aerial fronds of ferns and other plants in
the rock crevices start senescing. The fine rhizoids of mosses and liverworts were observed penetrating the
decaying aerial portions of Adiantum capillus-veneris L., making them heavily VA mycorrhizal.
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
M. I. Shiekh, A. Khaliq and M. Noor
M.I. Sheikh, Bashir Hussain Shah and Abdul Aleem
M.I. Sheikh, B. H. Shah and A. Aleem
Rehana Perveen, Mehmood Akram and Ihsan Ilahi
... with 1 mg/1 both of Naphthalene acetic
(NAA) and Benzyl amino purine (BAP). The effect of
varying concentrations of NAA &BAP alone and in
combination with each other was studied on further
growth and differentiation of the callus. At NAA 1 mg/1,
BAP 0.5 mg/1 NAA 0.5 mg/1 roots developed at 0.5mg/1 of
BAP & NAA 0.5+1.0 mg/1 of BAP shoot buds also developed.
Callus pieces cultured on MS medium supplemented with
different combinations of NAA &BAP showed ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, B.H. Shah and A. Aleem
M. Saleem Khattak, Hafiz Inayatullah and Sharafat Khan
...-butyric acid and
1-Naphthalene acetic acid each with 3000, 6000 and 9000
PPM in 50%alcohol were used as
Quick Dipmethod on the semi hardwood cuttings of the aforesaid species. Better routings (22.25%) were produced with Indole 3-butyric acid at 6000PPM as compared to I.A.A. and NAA. The non-treated cuttings totally failed to produce any roots. The number and length of roots per cutting were greater with 9000 PPM of Indole butyric acid. In gene...
Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3, Abdul Waheed3*, Ecevit Eyduran4 and Muhammad Tariq5
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
Hala Harifi*, Mouloud Lamtai*, Siham Ait Salhi, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui, Omar Akhouayri, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Leila Bikjdaouene
...dy was to identify the lethal dose and the tolerated toxic dose in order to establish a toxicity model. Weight gain was monitored weekly, and, at the end of the exposure period, the rats were euthanized and their organ weights (liver and kidneys) were recorded. Our results indicate signs of intoxication resulting from chronic exposure to Mn. Specifically, doses of 25 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg were found to be toxic and adversely affect the general condition of the ra...
Marchel Putra Garfansa1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Iswahyudi Iswahyudi1, Shazma Anwar3,
Damat Damat2,Tony Liwang4, Mardiana Sri Susanti5, Diah Hermayanti2*, Meddy Setiawan2,
Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi2, Dewi Mariyam6, Yolla Muvika Ananda2, Satriyo Krido Wahono7,
Adil Basir8, Musrif Musrif9 and Anwar Saeed Khan10
... PET (polyethylene terephthalate) MPs on mice’s weight, feces, and appetite. Four feed experiments, P0 (pellet BR1), P1 (potato from Pujon Farm), P2 (potato mixed 300 µg PET), and P3 (potato mixed 600 µg PET), were investigated in this research. PET MPs at a dose of 600 µg had the worst impact on mice compared to the others. There were changes in eating performance, body weight, and mice feces in treatment P1 due to the MPs contained in...
Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi1*, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Trilaksana1, I. Wayan Sukernayasa1, Nyoman Oka Widiarta2, I. Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan1, I Made Merdana3
...c information to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of the ovary. Therefore, this study aims to show that leptin can increase the estrus intensity and the appearance time of postpartum estrus in primiparous cattle. This is a true experiment using a Randomized Pre Post Group Control Design. Furthermore, the leptin administration and observations of the estrus appearance in Bali cattle were conducted at SIPADU and the Breeding Center in Sobangan Village, Mengwi Dis...
Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz
Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*
...esults showed that the lethal rates of the three V. parahaemolyticus strains of serotypes O1:KUT and OUT:KUT to L. vannamei were significantly higher than those of the other serotypes. The three V. parahaemolyticus strains had the same growth characteristics, and they all entered the growth plateau at 4 h after inoculation. In addition, the pathogenicity of the three V. parahaemolyticus strains were similar. In the present study, V. parahaemolyticus was identi...
Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam
... genetic status of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Indus River was assessed by using microsatellite markers. For the purpose, samples were collected from five selective Indus River sites, and DNA extraction was done by proteinase-K and standard phenol/chloroform DNA isolation method. Genomic DNA was PCR amplified by Labeo rohita cross-species amplification of H. molitrix. The results showed a low-to-moderate level of genetic diversity. The number of alleles...
Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1
...n on the health of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix fish. The fish serve as valuable biomarkers for ecological harm caused by toxins, especially as they are a significant source of protein and easily accessible. The current study focuses on histopathological alterations, nuclear changes in erythrocytes, and DNA damage in fish brain after exposure to Malathion at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research aimed to assess the potential toxicity of Malathio...
Calcium Carbide Induced Ethylene Regulates Seed Dormancy and Post-Germination Growth of Sweet Pepper
Wazir Ahmed1*, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Waseem Akhtar3, Muhammad Nauman Hanif1, Aiman Salah ud Din4 and Ahmad Mahmood1
...g petri-plate-1 proved lethal and suppressed the germination or growth of the seedlings. Compared to control treatment, improvements in seed sermination and growth variables, i.e., 8 to 37% in seed germination, 5 to 22% in seedling biomass, 5 to 46% in shoot length, and 3 to 37% in root length, suggest that calcium carbide, easily available on the market, can be used for seed dormancy breakage and better crop stand....
Niaz Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Aslam1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Khalid Hussain2, Muahammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Zubeda Parveen1, Fiaz Hussain3 and Azhar Mahmood Aulakh4
Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1
...cterized by cerebral, ophthalmic and auditory manifestations. Determination of the susceptibility levels among pregnant women as well as factors influencing their susceptibility is an important first line approach. Hence, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM and associated likely factors influencing susceptibility levels among pregnant women accessing antenatal care at the hospital. A cross-sectional study was carried out at ...
Abd El-Alim F. Abd El-Alim1, Abdelhakeem El-Murr2*, Tahsein Hasan1
Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10
Tamadhur H. Hussein1, Zainab M.A. Alrubayei2, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini1*
...tive hormones in the hypothalamus, which influences gonadotropin neurons. This study aimed to determine whether thyroid hormones are associated with litter size. A total of 100 healthy, sexually mature ewes, aged 3 to 4 years, participated in the research. The ewes were divided into three groups: non-pregnant ewes (28), pregnant ewes with singletons (42), and pregnant ewes with twins (30). Blood samples were collected from the sheep and analyzed for hormone le...
Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*
...he most infectious and lethal infections in poultry attributed by severe economic losses and undermining poultry well-being. The ND can cause high mortalities in all types of poultry nevertheless of vaccination status, indicating breakthrough infections. In order to investigate the nature and dynamics of these breakthrough infections, samples were collected from infected flocks with existing clinical signs of the disease. Attempts to isolate, identify and char...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2, Falin Zhou1,2, Xu Chen1, Jing Hu1, Rui Yang1, Shengjie Zhou1, Yundong Li2 and Qibin Yang1*
...araldehyde. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of bleaching powder, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde were 14.24 mg/L, 28.21 mg/L, 55.01 mg/L and 68.51 mg/L, respectively after 24 h of treatment. However, 48 h post-treatment, the LC50 were 11.26 mg/L, 10.15 mg/L, 30.24 mg/L and 36.71 mg/L, respectively. The safe concentration (SC) of tested disinfectants were recorded to be 1.93 mg/L, 0.41 mg/L, 2.73 mg/L and 7.81 mg/L for bleaching p...
Muhammad Waqas1*, Razia Bashir1, Khadija Munir1 and Muhammad Arshad2
... intricate nexus between thalassemia major and renal dysfunction in Central Punjab, Pakistan. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a diverse cohort of beta-thalassemic patients to explore the prevalence and factors influencing renal profiles. The study encompassed demographic factors, family history, and caste systems, shedding light on their associations with beta-thalassemia. Furthe...
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