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Comparison of ELISA and Serum Neutralization Test for Detection of Age-Specific Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Antibodies

Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*

...ection in terms of their sensitivity and specificity. These methods were performed by using set of sera collected from cattle with foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. The pattern of antibody titers in animals of different age groups was observed as less than 1 year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years for both ELISA and SNT. The peak immune response measured by SNT was 2.8log10 whereas ELISA detected serum antibody titer up to 2.4 lo...
Estimation of Economic Loss of PPR in Sheep and Goats in India: An Annual Incidence Based Analysis

Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman

..., respectively. Further, sensitivity analysis under Ceteris paribus, revealed a loss of INR 8058.8 million and INR 24174.1 million at the minimum (5%) and maximum (15%) incidence levels, respectively. Thus, the estimated loss due to PPR in sheep and goats is dependable till the large-scale primary survey estimates are available in India.

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Three Bacteriophages SA, SA2 and SNAF can Control Growth of Milk Isolated Staphylococcal Species

Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*

...ive Staphylococci. Their sensitivity against three phages indicated broad host range of phages SANF and SA2, and relatively narrow host range of phage SA. Phage SNAF showed an effective growth reduction of S. aureus RP isolate, compared with other bacteriophages. The bacterial challenge test in milk indicated that proliferation of S. aureus was successfully ceased until six hours post infection when applied at and MOI of 100.

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Assessing the Validity of Fasciola hepatica ELISA Test for Immunodiagnosis of Small Ruminant Fasciolosis in Pothwar Region, Pakistan
Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
...acy of test 95.6%, while sensitivity and specificity of this assay for small ruminants was 97.83% (95% CI: 92.35% to 99.67%) and 93.75% (95% CI: 87.54% to 97.44%) respectively. In field this test indicated significant (p<0.05) values for sheep as compared to goat indicating high risk of infection in sheep. The current study showed that commercial bovine F. hepatica ELISA test is effective in Pakistan for small ruminants.
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Prevalence and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus, a Camel Mastitogen from Pakistan
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...llected data. Antibiotic sensitivity was checked with twenty four antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Over all mastitis was found 52.5% (63/120) with leading subclinical (41.67%, 50/120) form of mastitis on overall milk collected data. Pathogen type was crowned by Staph. aureus with 74.5% (47/63) prevalence, following which were Streptococcus species (17.45%, 11/63), E. coli (3.17%, 2/63), and Bacillus cereus (4.76%, 3/63). Coagul...
Immunocapture PCR Detection of ToLCNDV from Plant Extract by using Heterologous Virus Coat Protein Antisera
Zafar Iqbal1* and Muhammad Khurshid2 
... fold increase detection sensitivity and reproducibility hence, can be adopted for routine detection of ToLCNDV from plant extracts.
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Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...inations of viruses with sensitivity comparable to ELISA. Methods based on PCR provide the greatest sensitivity among the listed techniques but are limited in parallel detection capability even in “multiplexed” applications. Better, easier and cheaper than polymerase chain reaction or antibody detection, rolling circle amplification using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of gemin...
Low Serum Cobalamin is a Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...to be 113 pg/mL at which sensitivity and specificity were was 56.9% (95%CI 44.1-68.8%) and 80.5 % (95%CI 65.6-89.9%) at P<0.0001. It was concluded that low serum cobalamin levels may be a risk factor and may predict the development of GDM.
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Responses of Strawberry Plant to Pre-Harvest Application of Salicylic Acid in Drought Conditions
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
... effectively reduces the sensitivity and environmental stress of crops as it alleviates the adverse effects of numerous stress causing factors. Numerous SA levels are found to protect several species of plants against environmental stresses by initiating different processes that are involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. SA is part of an extremely complex signal transduction network’s part and it works differently in different systems. Drought st...
Sensitivity and Specificity of the commonly used Diagnostic Procedures of Bovine Brucellosis

H.I. Hosein1, Sherin Reda Rouby1*, Ahmed Menshawy1 and Ahmed E. AbdAl-Ghany2 

...for investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of some diagnostic procedures used for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis on serological, bacteriological and molecular basis. A total of 141 cows from brucella infected farms under quarantine of the veterinary authorities were employed. Serological examination using BPAT, RBT and CFT in 141 cows revealed 109 (77. 3), 105 (74.47) and 104 (73.76) seropositive respectively. Relative sensi...
Molecular Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Concise Review
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...tic assays vary in their sensitivity, specificity, reliability and reproducibility. Although these assays are detecting PPRV with precision but there is need to develop some cost effective diagnostic assays which would be applicable in the field conditions and in the developing countries like Pakistan.
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Comparative Effects of Radon Inhalation According to Mouse Strain and Cisplatin Dose in a Cisplatin-induced Renal Damage Model
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
...trains differing in radiosensitivity, and determined the appropriate dose of CDDP combined with radon inhalation for highly radiosensitive mice. CDDP was administered at 20 mg/kg weight to C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice after radon inhalation at 1000 Bq/m3 and 2000 Bq/m3 for 24 h. Radon inhalation had a slight positive effect against CDDP toxicity in C57BL/6J mice with respect to improved hair condition, whereas radon inhalation exacerbated CDD...
Comparison of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin Resistance in Obeseversus Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
...s and to improve insulin sensitivity in T2DM.
...
Comparison of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assays with Conventional Standard Proportion Method for Determination of Drug Susceptibility In Multidrug Resistant TB Suspects
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...sed for culture and drug sensitivity by drug proportion method using Lowenstein Jensen medium as well as GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay.
Results: A total of 125 subjects were registered in present study including 64 (51.2%) males and 61 (48.8%) females of age 15 years and above with mean age of 36.9±14.99. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was observed as 92.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Association o...
Faisal's Technique to Closely Manage Volar Barton's Fracture: A Pilot Study
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
...according to culture and sensitivity. There were no loss of reduction 
Conclusion: Our pilot study demonstrates good result with CRPCP (Faisal’s Technique) in volar Barton’s fracture and warrants further randomized control trial study to establish its efficacy in such cases.
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Climate-Growth Response Function of the Blue Pine (Pinus Wallichiana) in Galies Forest Division-Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1 

...;0.11 mm/annum with mean sensitivity and coefficient of variation of 0.38 and 19.50%, respectively. Overall, a decreasing trend was observed in ring-width. The largest mean ring-width was 3.33±0.31 mm, while the smallest ring-width was 1.85±0.27 mm. The mean intra-ring early wood formation was 75.56±0.21%, while the intra-ring late wood formation was 24.44±1.95%. The highest growth in ring-width and intra-ring early wood formation w...
The Vocalizations and Hearing Sensitivity of an Explosive-Breeding Tropical Toad from Southern China: A Test of the Matched Filter Hypothesis
Tongliang Wang1, Lele Jia1, Xiaofei Zhai1, Jianguo Cui2 and Jichao Wang1,*
...t the tuning of auditory sensitivity should match the spectral character of calls, suggesting that sender calls and receiver auditory systems have co-evolved. However, studies provide mixed evidence, and in some species, this match is imprecise. Here, we analyzed the acoustic characteristics of male calls and both male and female hearing sensitivity in an explosive-breeding toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus to test the ...
Inter-Specific Differences in the Sensitivity, Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacities of Three Cyprinids Exposed to Heavy Metals Mixture
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...ss conditions. Thus, the sensitivity, bioaccumulation and antioxidant capacities of three major carps Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala towards metals mixture (Cd+Cr+Cu+Pb) were determined during present research work. Sensitivity of the three fish species (120-day old) towards metals mixture was measured in term of 96 h LC50 and lethal concentration. These acute toxicity tests we...
Diagnosis of Late Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows by Measuring Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein and Pregnancy-Specific Protein B Levels
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
Identification of Circulating miRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Triple Negative Breast Cancer in the Population of Pakistan

 Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*

...rs were used to increase sensitivity of reaction. Expression of miRNA panel was normalized with mir-16 and expression fold change was calculated by 2-ΔΔCt method. Further analysis was done by SPSS, medcalc and Graphpad prism software. Area under curve analysis was used to get diagnosis outcome of selected miRNA panel. Upregulation of miRNA panel (mir-376c, mir-155, mir-17a and mir-10b) has been seen in the plasma samples of TNBC patient&...
Effects of Five Pesticides on Toxicity, Detoxifying and Protective Enzymes in Phauda flammans Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)
Ailing Huang, Lingyu Meng, Wei Zhang, Junyan Liu, Guangyao Li, Huihua Tan, Wen Lu and Xialin Zheng*
... kinds of enzyme and its sensitivity to pesticide after treatment with different pesticides. Compared with control, effect of beta-cypermethrin on Carboxylesterase (CarE) was the most obvious than other four pesticides; activity of glutathione-s transferase (GST) was inhibited by abamectin, while the trend was in the opposite direction for other four pesticides; activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was promoted by beta-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, and inhi...
Effect of Exercise and Massage Therapy on Injured Muscular Structure and C-Reactive Protein Expression
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...muscles injury with high sensitivity in groups with the four different rehabilitation methods. 
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Assessment of Farmers’ Vulnerability to Climate Change in Agro-Climatic Zones of Pakistan: An Index Based Approach

Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2 

...ed in an increase in the sensitivity of farming community almost in all agro-climatic zones. Poor farm economy and lack of education were identified as main causes of low adaptive capacity. The small farmers were found inefficient with the changing environment so they may be encouraged for cooperative farming. Climate change vulnerability monitoring may be beneficial for policy makers in policy formulation and implementation processes to develop zone specific ...
Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Direct Amplification Method to Diagnose Canine Parvovirus and Canine Distemper Viral Infections in Dogs without Nucleic Acid Extraction
Xuefeng Cao1, Guangneng Peng1, Xiaobin Gu1, Changliang He1, Guizhou Yue2, Jun Shi3,* and Zhijun Zhong1,*
Subchronic Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulphonate on the Testicular Morphology and Spermatogenesis in Mice
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
...malformation showed high sensitivity to PFOS exposure. A sperm malformation percentage, varying from 11.00% to 51.20%, was confirmed for the treated groups. As to various sperm malformation types, curved body type constituted the most proportion. The treated groups showed a curved body malformation percentage varied from 8.00% to 43.5%, due to different PFOS dosage. The observations indicate that subchronic exposure of PFOS can interfere with spermatogenesis p...
Regulation of Visual Sensitivity Responses in Locusts Stimulated by Different Spectral Lights
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...estigated locusts visual sensitivity to different spectral lights after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green, violet, and blue lights. However, post-64600 lx orange light stimulation for 30, 20, and 10 min, the response intensity was the strongest. Moreover, orange light affected locusts visual responses to blue light, presentin...
Biochemical Characterization of Bacterial Pathogens from Corneal Eye Infections and their Control via Chemotherapy, Phytotherapy and Apitherapy
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...acterial isolates showed sensitivity against all the compounds except Streptococcus sp. (BS1) and it showed resistance only against 3-Nitro-aniline (SAHC-11). Bacterial isolate Staphylococcus sp. (BS4c) showed maximum sensitivity against methyl-amine (SAH-5) with zone of inhibition of about 16mm in diameter while the bacterial isolate Staphylococcus sp. (BS6) showed minimum sensi...
Early Pregnancy Diagnosis using Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins in the Serum of Pregnant Ruminants
Doulat Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Saleem Khan2 and Rifat Ullah Khan1*
.... In cattle, the average sensitivity, specificity, false pregnancy prognostic value, false non-pregnancy prognostic value and accuracy of the PAG-ELISA test were 86.77%, 66.67%, 86.77%, 100% and 90%, respectively. Similarly, the current study indicated that in buffalo, average sensitivity, specificity, false pregnancy prognostic value, false non-pregnancy prognostic value and accuracy of the PAG-ELISA test were 62.22%, 74.6%...
Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activity in Some Inflammatory Conditions in Barki Sheep

Asmaa A. Darwish 

...MP-2 and MMP-9 yielded a sensitivity and NPV as 100% in the sheep pneumonia, arthritis and enteritis and correlated with some parameters in PG and EG. Ovine inflammatory conditions usually result in different clinicopathological changes. Monitoring of them may be useful in improving our therapeutic intervention and enhancing the animal response to treatment. Both of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is a good marker for sheep inflammatory conditions. 

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High Expression of MDR1 is Correlated with Poor Prognosis for Common Malignancies
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
... markers can improve the sensitivity and specificity of predicting postoperative recurrence (especially breast cancer and PEOC).
...
Comparative In-silio Analysis of HIV-1 Pol Gene in Some West African Countries in Relation to its Antiviral Drugs Susceptibility

Olotu Titilayo Mabel*, Adeosun Idowu Jesulayomi, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin and Oladipo Elijah Kolawole 

... more information on its sensitivity and resistivity to each antiviral drug. Seventeen partial genome sequences of HIV-1 Pol gene from some West African countries were retrieved from NCBI database. Evolutionary relationship was determined by Multiple sequence alignment using Clusta W and the sequences were further analyzed using MEGA 6 for phylogenetic tree. The sensitivity to antiviral drugs was analyzed using the Stanford ...

Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1 

AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
...3.1% or 0.93
with sensitivity of 0.99 and specificity of 0.83 according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). 

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Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***

DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...pling methodology. Noise sensitivity is a typical problem with this type of controller. In this research work, a small deviation is allowed in order to reduce the noise sensitivity. The problems of noise sensitivity and poor output error dynamics are addressed and a multi-objective optimization problem is solved using LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) formulation. Fast output...
Cytotoxic Effect of MTH1 Gene Silencing in Gemcitabine Resistant Breast Cancer Cells
Mahak Fatima1, Memoona Syed1, Rabia Zeeshan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori3, Naveed Shahzad4, Moazzam Ali1 and Zeeshan Mutahir1*
... a 1.75-fold increase in sensitivity of MCF7-R cells to gemcitabine. Moreover, higher expression of p21 protein was also observed in transfected MCF7-R cells that may indicate induced cell death. This study highlights the effect of MTH1 gene silencing in drug-resistant cancer cells as a mean to improve combined therapies for targeting drug-resistant cancers.
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Antimicrobial Properties of Aloe Vera Gel Extracts against Bacterial Isolates from Wound of Donkey
Safia Arbab1, Rehana Buriro1, Shams Uddin Bhugio1, Atta Hussain Shah2,  Jamila Soomro3,Qudratullah Kalwar4, Saqib Ali Fazilani1 and Waseem Ali Vistro5*
.... aureus showed high sensitivity (15-22 mm), followed by E. coli (14-18 mm), Shigella (13-15) and Salmonella spp (11-14 mm) both concentrations. The results of this study revealed that ethanol extract of Aloe Vera showed better antibacterial activity against all isolates as compared to pure Aloe Vera extract at both concentrations used, due to its high polarity.
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Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...0 and 150 ppm using disc sensitivity technique. Streptomycin sulphate was found most effective to inhibit the colony growth of the bacterium. Streptomycin sulphate and Oxytetracycline were evaluated against the disease in field conditions. Streptomycin sulphate was found relatively most effective as compared to the Oxytetracycline.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Mycobacterium bovis Isolated from Egyptian Buffaloes’ Mastitic Milk
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
... different antimicrobial sensitivity plate method. A total number of 100 samples of mastitic milk from native lactating buffaloes’ breed were collected aseptically from 4 private farms in Cairo-Alexandria desert road in the north part of the Egypt and subjected to bacteriological and molecular examination for M. bovis followed by their antibiogram profile. Seven (7%) isolates were identified as M. bovis from totally examined 100 milk sample...
Length-Weight Relationships and Growth Patterns of Local Fishes of the Medium Perennial Vavuniya Reservoir, Sri Lanka
A.E.S. Patrick1,*, S. Kuganathan2 and U. Edirisinghe3
...ric growth reflected the sensitivity for environmental and habitat characteristics. Therefore, this study revealed the baseline evidence on the LWRs and the growth patterns, which could be considered for studying the survival of local fish to reach the optimal species richness and abundance.
...
Emergence of Pathogenic Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Goat Milk and Their Comparative Response to Antibiotics
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3, Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...rent study revealed 100% sensitivity of S. aureus against gentamicin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and linezolid while 80% of biofilm negative S. aureus (nbpSA) showed sensitivity against amoxicillin+clavulanic acid. None of the isolate from bpSA and nbpSA was resistant against linezolid, gentamicin, and oxytetracycline in this study. bpSA were highly resistant against amoxicillin and vancomycin.The study foun...
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Barley Landraces through Agro-Morphological and Biochemical Characterization

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1 

...igmentation, photoperiod sensitivity and stem pigmentation. Variation was observed in these qualitative traits through frequency distribution. In quantitative traits maximum variation was found for plant height ranging from 36cm to 50cm, days to flowering range from 130 to 133 days), while 100 seed weight ranged from 36 to 86 g and plant biomass range from 50 to 199.5 g per plant. SDS-PAGE analyses of total seed storage protein resulted in a total of 18 polymo...
Effect of Extracts of Cupressus macrocarpa and Alpinia officinarum on Expression of Chitinase and FGF Receptor Genes in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 Cell Line
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
... were demonstrated. Cell sensitivity assay (MTT) showed that golden piller was more toxic than galangal in cell viability tests and more potent in the cell growth inhibition. The calculated LC50 were 120 µM and 200 µM for golden piller and galangal, respectively. Both plant extracts significantly reduced the gene expression levels of chitinase genes and SFbtl (p<0.05) following 72h of exposure to LC50. This work provides ev...
Developed One-step Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Rt-Lamp) Assay for Detection of Strawberry Latent Ring Spot Virus

Ahmed A. Kheder

... virus infection and the sensitivity of the RT-LAMP protocol was tenfold higher than that of conventional RT-PCR. Finally it is recommended to use LAMP assay which is useful for researchers, seed production specialists and was suggested to the Egyptian quarantine system which is interested in determining strawberry virus infections by using a single assay.

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SRTM DEM based 3-D Surface Deformation of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis through Drainage Density and Surface Roughness

Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4

...rrespond to the relative sensitivity of the landscape to regional neotectonics. DD exposed the neotectonic activity preserved in the Quaternary era in the surroundings of NPS. The TSR maps revealed that North-North-East (NNE), North-West (NW), South-West (SW) f the investigation region and segments parallel to the Sassi Raikot Fault (SRF), Sassi-Jaglot-Bunji (SJB) sector of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis as active tectonic zones. The areas which include, Shawar, Haramo...
Diagnosis, isolation and molecular identification of Bovine ephemeral fever virus in Dakahlyia province, Egypt 2015

Sahar Abd El Rahman1; Mohamed Eladl2 and Mohamed M. El-Diasty3

...gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of the utilized techniques in the identification and diagnosis of bovine ephemeral fever disease revealed that the virus isolation is a gold standard technique, as well, the immunofluorescence technique. RT-PCR proved to be a rapid, sensitive and specific tool for bovine ephemeral fever disease diagnosis.

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Sensitivity of Real Time –PCR in comparison with conventional methods for detection of AI virus

Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden

Molecular Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Genotypes in Children with Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia in Khartoum State
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
...EH. Pap. Stain's and PCR sensitivity was 80.5% while the specificity was
40%.
...
Designing and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Wind Energy Hybrid System
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5
Atrazine Induced Histopathological Alterations in the Liver of Adult Male Mice

Sajida Batool1, Saira Batool1, Sitara Shameem1, Fatima Khalid1, Tahira Batool2, Summera Yasmeen1, Saima Batool3*

...hese findings showed the sensitivity of all cell types in the liver to the toxic potentials of atrazine at the given dose level.
 
Novelty Statement | This study reports hepato-toxic effects of atrazine at a particular dose level which has not been reported before. 
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Bacterial and Antibiotic Profile of Mastitic Milk of Beetal Goat in District Jhelum
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
... goats. Antibiotics sensitivity profiles of investigated bacteria showed that these were most sensitive to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin.
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Assessment of the Diagnostic Performance of Normal and Irradiated Schistosoma mansoni Cercarial Antigens using ELISA
Mona Mohammed EL-Derbawy1, Eman Naser Hafez2*, 
Mona Abdel Daym Abd Rabbo1, Nagwa Ibrahim Toaleb3,
 Saedia Abdel Hady Sayed El-Ahl1 and Bahaa Eldkeen Wade EL-Aswad4 
... antigens achieved 100 % sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPP), irradiated SCA revealed better specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value (PPV) of 87 %, 92.3% and 84 %, respectively. While normal SCA revealed 83.9%, 90.4 % and 80.7 %, respectively. It was concluded that irradiated SCA achieved better remarkable ODs than normal SCA and better specificity due to low cross-reactivity with other parasites. S0 it can be used as a tool for diagnos...
Quality Evaluation of Reference Gene Expression on Different Tissues in Adults of Tropical Gar Atractosteus tropicus
Luis Daniel Jiménez Martínez1, Vicente Morales Garcia2, Carlos Alfonso Frias Quintana3, Alejandra del Carmen Castillo Collado1, Gloria Gertrudys Asencio Alcudia4, Carina Shianya Alvarez Villagomez4, Emyr Saul Peña Marín4,5, Bartolo Concha Frias1 and 
Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-Gonzalez4
...s, due to its precision, sensitivity and high performance, particularly in gene expression to compare between cells, tissues and organs; as well as different populations, stages of development, metabolism, among other conditions. This study analyzed the stability and normalization of six commonly used reference genes such as alpha elongation factor (ef1-α), beta-actin (actb), 18S ribosomal RNA (18s rrna), beta-2-microglobulin (b2m...
A Modified and Simplified Behavioral System Associated with Management Procedures for Assessing and Managing the Aggression Level of Free Roaming Dogs

Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil* 

...leash manner, look test, sensitivity test, tag test, squeeze test, food behavior, toy behavior, and dog to dog behavior to measure the dog’s initial reaction and subsequent recovery. Then they were housed in kennels and retested after being subjected to a management procedures for one week. Most of the dogs showed no aggression in the friendly greeting test and room behavior test, moderate response for a look test and tag test, while displayed high aggre...
Changes in Serum Endothelin, Brain Natriuretic Peptide and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Zheng Tan*, Li Li, Yuxin Song, Meirong Tian and Fan Jia

...iuretic peptide and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein were significantly higher in AMI group compared to UAP group, SAP group and the control group, p<0.05. The level of indicators in the UAP group was higher than that in the SAP group and the control group, p<0.05. Compared with the control group, all indicators in SAP group were significantly higher, p<0.05. The serum endothelin, brain natriuretic peptide and high sensitive c-reactive protein leve...
Correlation of Expression of SATB2 and CK20 in Mucinous Ovarian Tumors with their Pathological Classification and Prognosis

Jing Fu

... tumors had a diagnostic sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 78%, and an overall accuracy rate of 82%. CK20 in mucinous ovarian tumors had a diagnostic sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 59%, and an overall accuracy rate of 85%. SATB2/CK20 in mucinous ovarian tumors has a diagnostic sensitivity of 65%, a specificity of 99%, and an overall accuracy rate of 89%. Compared with SATB2/CK20 s...
Prevalence, Conventional and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Chicken Farms and Slaughterhouses

Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1* 

...ethod revealed up to 83% sensitivity and 90% specificity while the molecular analysis revealed up to 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for Salmonella detection. The study concluded that the high prevalence of the Salmonella with high resistance against 60% of the tested antibiotics reflects a serious problem with the hygienic and biosecurity measures taken in the poultry and slaughterhouses, as well the extensive use of ...
Assessment of Three Dimensional Color Power Doppler Technique for Detecting Fetal Renal Vascular Perfusion in Pregnant Women with Gestational Hypertension

Hong Liu and Rui Xu*

...idney FI showed the best sensitivity for the detection of fetal kidneys in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. It is concluded that 3D-CPA ultrasonography could be used to quantitatively analyze fetal kidneys with gestational hypertension in pregnancy, providing a quantitative basis for prenatal diagnosis of fetal renal blood perfusion in patients with gestational hypertension. It could also be used to detect risk pregnancy in early pregnancy.

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Treatment of Endometritis Caused by Different Types of Bacteria by Cefoperazone Antibiotic and its Effect on the Days Open and Pregnancy Rate in Dairy Cows (Field Study)

Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5 

... subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests. The most sensitive antibiotic was used for the treatment of the infected group. After the end of the treatment protocol, the herd reproduction management was applied to all treated cows. Results showed that different bacterial species were isolated (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). The infection is either a single infection (Staphylococcus only), or a mixed infection, while the contro...
Development of Colloid Gold-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Kits for Screening and Rapid Detection of Beta-Lactams Antibiotic Residues in Dairy Milk
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
... determined specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the locally prepared kits were 93.7%, 95.3%, and 94.6%, respectively.
 
Keywords | Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) production, Nano-gold applications, Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFA), Antibiotic residues, Rapid detectors
...
Distributions of Cutaneous Mycoses in Cattle/ Dairy Contaminations and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates

Veronica Ngozi Emenuga1, Clara Idara Eleazar2*, Seto Tunrayo Aladenika1  

...phyte which showed 83.0% sensitivity. Contamination of the dairy likely resulted from contamination of the cattle bedding and infection of the udder.

Keywords | Mycoses, Cattle, Milk, Antifungal, Dermatophytes. 

...
Prokaryotic Expression of the Toxoplasma gondii SAG2 Gene in Pet Cats and Establishment of an Indirect ELISA Method

Liyun Chang1, Aiju Liu2, Jianshuang Zhang3, Yingbin Chen1 and Zhiyong Liu4*

...ct ELISA method had high sensitivity, specificity, stability, and intra- and interbatch repeatability. It could be used for the diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of toxoplasmosis in cats, thus laying a good foundation for preparing ELISA kits for clinical detection.

...
Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Bovine Mastitis using its Affinity Purified Fraction

Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3

...indirect ELISA with 100% sensitivity and 95 % specificity. The fraction validity lasted for more than one year of storage at -20 ºC. The current study introduces effective way for S. aureus mastitis diagnosis through the using of purified fraction instead of the classical way.
 
Keywords | Staphylococcus aureus, Affinity column chromatography, Antigen, SDS-PAGE, Indirect ELISA
...
Effect of LncRNA TINCR on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep-3B Cell Growth and Chemosensitivity

Guang Yin, Wencheng Kong, Yuqiang Shan, Jian Zhang, Rongchao Ying and Sixin Zheng*

...gration and chemotherapy sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-3B cells and its mechanism. In present study Hep-3B cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group (normal culture), NC-siRNA group (transfected with NC-siRNA), and TINCR-siRNA group (transfected with TINCR-siRNA), In addition, cells treated with cisplatin after transfection of TINCR-siRNA were designated as the TINCR-siRNA + cisplatin group, and only cells treated with cisplatin wer...
Efficacy of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Predicting the Levels of Sex Hormones and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Undergoing IVF-ET

Jiacheng Du and Yuping Cao*

...specificity (77.52%) and sensitivity (81.46%) in predicting IVF-ET clinical pregnancy in PCOS patients. PCOS patients with lower AMH levels showed better sex hormone levels and clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ET. Serum AMH level is valuable (of good value) in predicting IVF-ET clinical pregnancy in PCOS patients. In clinical practice, interventions can be taken in advance for patients with higher serum AMH levels to improve pregnancy outcomes.

...
Chorea: A Sequelae of Canine Distemper

Saba Rashid*, Rehan Ashraf, Hafiza Faseeha Iftikhar, Zohaib Bilal Khan, Samreen Sanawar, Aamina Jamil, Misha Salam Bajwa, Manahil Riaz 

...rms of convulsions, hypersensitivity of peripheral nerves, involuntary muscle movements involving repetitive or twisting movements, writhing movement of arms or face and chorea are involved in canine movement disorders. In this consensus statement, standard terminology for describing the various movement disorders is recommended with an emphasis on paroxysmal dyskinesia, as well as a preliminary classification and clinical approach to reporting cases. In the c...
Phylogenetic Tracking of Ica-locus in MRSA from Different Sources at Ismailia City, Egypt

Ali Wahdan1*, Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Manal Munier2, Elsayyad M. Ahmed3, Marwa Abo Hashem1  

...ed by PCR and tested for sensitivity against varieties of antimicrobials. Three multi-drug resistant isolates carried ica from human abscess (A9), sputum of dog (A12), and cow mastitic milk (A13) were sequenced with other genome sequences retrieved from the GenBank. Ten samples (9.17%) were S. aureus from human, while 3 samples (1.24%) were S. aureus and 2 samples (0.83%) were coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) from animal sources. The multiple sequences...
Efficacy of Amoxicillin and or Enrofloxacin Against Mixed Infection with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis In vitro and In vivo

Mai A Fadel1*, Ahmed M Elmahdy1, Jihan Mostafa Badr2, Mohammed AM Saleh3, Mona A.A. AbdelRahman3 

...ofloxacin. Antimicrobial sensitivity test, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and fractional inhibitory concentration were determined. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify the concentrations of enrofloxacin and amoxicillin in serum and different tissues of chickens. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics indices of both antibiotics were calculated and statistically analyzed. Aspart...
Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination From Raw and Cooked Fish, Mutton and Beef Sold by Local Vendors in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* 

...in. K. pneumoniae showed sensitivity against gentamycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and streptomycin; whereas S. dysenteriae was observed sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and ampicillin. In conclusion, raw beef samples were found more contaminated than raw fish and mutton while cooked fish samples were observed less contaminated than cooked beef and mutton. Furthermore, all bacterial isolates (except K. pneumoniae)...
SOX9 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through Targeted Regulation of HSPA1B

Jiangbo Shao1, Donglai Zhu2, Shengqiang Zou1, Guohong Ge1 and Ju Huang1*

...on as well as decreasing sensitivity to the sorafenib therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, the potential functions and mechanisms of SOX9 in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma progression were investigated through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We found that SOX9 mainly participated in heat stress response, protein folding as well as metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acid. SOX9 correlated with HSPA1B were negative to the progression i...
Relationship of Estrogen Intestinal Microbiological Axis of Estrogen with Metabolic Defects in SD Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by DHEA

Jiahua Peng1,2, Shiyao Hua3* and Qian Wu4

...vels and improve insulin sensitivity index, and the effect was more obvious in the high-dose group. The above results indicated that DHEA could regulate the intestinal microbial level of rats, and further regulate the sugar metabolism process of rats by increasing the serum estrogen level through the estrogen-microbial axis. RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis showed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IKKβ, NF-κB increased significantly after th...
Emerging Azithromycin Resistance among the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Isolated in Danyang, China

Jie Yang1, Wenjun Zhou2, Qi Zhang2, Lei Chu2, Zhenshi Chen1, Xiajun Zhang2, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang1* and Lihui Wang1*

... MS). Secondly, the drug sensitivity of all clinical isolates was analyzed. Thirdly, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the genes related to AZM resistance (AZM-R), including 23s rRNA allele mutation, mtrR promoter and coding region mutation, rplD and rplV mutation. Finally, the clinical isolates resistant to AZM were typed by N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). 388 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae wer...
Characterization and Assessment of Antibacterial Potential of Garlic Based Silver Nanoparticles

Mehwish Saleem1* and Amina Atiq2

...reus showed the greatest sensitivity to garlic nanoparticles, with inhibitory zones of 19 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm for an aqueous extract for aqueous extract and for ethanolic garlic extract was (19mm, 17mm and 15mm) K. pneumonia was the least susceptible, with inhibitory zones for aqueous and ethanolic garlic extracts of 10 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm, respectively (10mm, 8mm and 10mm). The findings of the study point to the potential for supplementing antibiotic therapy...
Population Data and Internal Validation of the 21 Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Turkish Population
Emel Hulya Yukseloglu1, Fatma Cavus Yonar1*, Omer Karatas1, Gulten Rayimoglu1, Faruk Asicioglu1, Elif Canpolat1, Onur Ozturk2 and Itir Erkan3
...rformance of the kit for sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, dynamic range, limit of quantification, stochastic threshold study, reproducibility and repeatability, mixture and contamination study parameters. Validation parameters and population genetics data were calculated by using Arlequin v 3.5.2.2 version. According to our results, SE33 (PM=0.014) locus showed the greatest power of discrimination and TPOX (PM=0.132) has the least power of discrim...
MRSA Clinical Isolates Harboring mecC Gene Imply Zoonotic Transmission to Humans and Colonization by Biofilm Formation

Salman Hussain1, Basit Zeshan2*, Rabiya Arshad1, Saba Kabir1 and Naveed Ahmed3

...subjected to antibiotics sensitivity, cefoxitin disk diffusion test, and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test. The MRSA isolates were detected for the presence of mecA, mecC, and nuc genes. Congo red agar (CRA) method was used to assess the ability of isolates to form biofilms. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of MRSA was 48%. The MRSA isolates were highly resistant (100%) to penicillin, β lactamase inhibitors, cepha...
Real Time Estimation of Wheat Chlorophyll Content Retrieve from Landsat 8 Imagery Under Rainfed Condition

Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Adeel Anwar1*, Syed Ijaz Ul Haq2, Muhammad Awais3, Mujahid Iqbal4, Javed Iqbal5, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi6, Raza Ullah7 and Muhammad Abdullah Khan1

...ssess the accuracy. High sensitivity for chlorophyll determination was reported for NDVI and MCARI with R2 values of 0.81 and 0.80 respectively. Results proposed the real-time application of satellite imagery with high spatial resolution at wider regions. This will help the scientists to monitor and manage the nutrient requirements of plants as well as will enable them to accurately and rapidly respond to plant health by determining chlorophyll contents in pla...
Sensitivity of Different Isolates of Pythium aphanidermatum to Old and Novel Fungicides

Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...herefore, we checked the sensitivity of different isolates of P. aphanidermatum to 17-old and novel fungicides. Against all isolates, the fungicides’ main effect, concentration’s main effect, and fungicides’ × concentration’s effect are highly significant. Generally, based on their effectiveness, all tested fungicides were divided into three groups i.e., highly effective, moderately effective, and completely ineffective. All isola...
Comparative Evaluation of the Reaction of Indirect Hemagglutination, Enzyme Immunoassay and Serological Tests at the Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Cattle

M.M. Mikailov1*, O. Yu. Chernykh2, E.A. Yanikova1, G.A. Nurlygayanova3, O.D. Sklyarov4 

...is. Determination of the sensitivity of the tested diagnostic tools was carried out using 46 blood serum samples from cows immunized with a vaccine from the B. abortus 82 strain from a farm that is unfavorable for brucellosis. Studies have shown that RNGA is one of the most sensitive tests, which allows to identify in a dysfunctional economy a high percentage of animals with brucellosis (39.1% of those studied) in the early stages after infection and surpasses...
In Vivo Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Basil Extract on Trypanosoma evansi

Esam A Razin1, Hassan Sobhy2, Tarek R. AboElnaga1, Asmaa A. Darwish1*, Rasha S. Mohammed1

...MB, LDH, and GR had high sensitivity and NPV values and moderated specificity, PPV, LR, and accuracy rate values. Conclusion: Basil plant extract is an efficient anti-trypanosomal drug. CK, CK-MB, LDH, and GR are moderate biomarkers for disease diagnosis and its treatment monitoring. 
 
Keywords | Anti-trypanosomal activity, Basil extract, Clinicopathological alterations, Histopathological alterations, Diminazene aceturate
Clinicopathological Studies on Brucellosis in Sheep and Goat at Matrouh Governorate, Egypt

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Mona A. Mahmoud, Adel M. El-Kattan 

... markers with acceptable sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy rates, and their combination yielded better values. The study concluded that the clinicopathological alterations associated with ovine and caprine brucellosis are a mirror for the immune response against the disease. Most of these changes were more prominent in goat than in sheep. TAC and Zn (separated or combined) are excellent biomarkers for ovine and caprine brucellosis.

Keywo...

Comparative Prevallance and Pathological Changes on Camel Brucelosis at the Selected Slaughterhouses in Garissa County, Kenya

Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao

...tistically alteration in sensitivity among the four serological tests (p=0.999). Seventy-eight (48.7%) camels had one or more organs with lesions leading to condemnation at meat inspection. The common gross lesions encountered were fibrin depositions 3 (1.8%), enlargement of lung 2 (1.2%), pericarditis 38 (23.7%), and hepatomegaly with nodular liver lesions 79 (49.3%), enteritis 5 (3.1%), haemorrhages and congestion of visceral organs (lung and kidney) 6 (3.7%...
Some Epidemiological Studies on Theileria annulata Infection in Egypt

Ahmed Abdel-Rady3*, Mohamed Karmi2, Menna_allah Youssef1, Aml M. Abdel-Ra’ouf1, Bahaaa Madkour1 

...lts that proved the high sensitivity of PCR test compared with the conventional method for diagnosis of bovine tropical Theileriosis. PCR proved a highly sensitive and accurate method for diagnosis of bovine tropical Theileriosis especially in detection of blood and lymph smears negative cases.
 

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Hsa_circ_0009910 Regulates Cisplatin Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Targeting miR-455-5p /PAX2

Lei Jiang, Yi Huang, Runfeng Yang, Xiaohui Jiang* and Hao Yan

...9910 regulates cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expression of miR-455-5p /PAX2. The expressions of circ_0009910, miR-455-5p and PAX2 mRNA in HOSEPiCs and ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP were detected by qRT-PCR. SKOV3/DDP cells were grouped according to the transfection of different genes. The sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP cells to cisplatin was detected by CCK8 assay, and the apoptosis of ...
Immunocapture Polymerase Chain Reaction (IC-PCR) and Nucleic Acid Hybridzation Techniques for Detection of Spiroplasma citri

Om-Hashem M. El Banaa l, A.A. Abou Zeid2, Fawzia I. Moursy3 and Azza, G. Farag

...n technique revealed the sensitivity of this technique for detection of S. citri Saglio et al infected citrus trees.

...
Screening of Elite Coarse Rice Lines for Drought Stress Simulated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) at Seedling Stage

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

...nd locality. In terms of sensitivity to this environmental stress, rice, which is a drought-sensitive crop, exhibits notable varietal variability. for the estimation of elite coarse rice lines to withstand against the drought stress especially during early plant developmental phases and germination and seedling stage, an experiment was carried out from June to July 2021 at the Rice Molecular Breeding Laboratory of the Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Insti...
Traditional and Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium Parasite in Quails (Coturnix coturnix) in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi 

...ails required to be more sensitivity and specificity using molecular analysis and sequences. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from quails in various parts of Baghdad/ Iraq from January to September, and they were then tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using molecular methods (PCR), followed by DNA sequencing. The overall infection rate was 37% (37/100) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive by using PCR. Three of five quails whos...
Virulence Genes and Immunological Biomarkers for Brucellosis in Sheep & Goat

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud, Mohamed T. Ragab, Amani A. Hafez 

...es and APPs yielded high sensitivity and specificity values in both infected species, but IL-1β, IL-6, and Fb had the highest likelihood ratios in infected sheep and IL-1β and IL-1α had the highest likelihood ratios in infected goat while Hp and IL-1β scored the highest percentages of increase among these markers. We concluded that bvfA, virB, and ure are the main virulence genes in B. melitensis isolates obtained from vaginal swabs of inf...
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Organisms in Raw Fish of Pond and Retail Market

Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1 

...tested for antimicrobial sensitivity according to CLSI method. According to results, the prevalence of bacterial organisms was high (p < 0.05) in CC than CM and LR. E.coli were the most common organism in market and pond fish samples with occurrence of 86.6% and 66.6% respectively. Next most prevalent pathogens were Salmonella spp. (78.3% & 58.3%), Shigella flexneri (61.6% & 53.3%), Pseudomonas flavescens (55% & 53.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4...
The Free-Range Production System Decreases Foot Pad Lesions and the Risk of Bacterial Infection in Broilers

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...rocessed for culture and sensitivity. Relative risk analysis (RR) was used to determine the association between confinement as a risk factor and bacterial infection. Birds in the FRPS had lower body weights that probably results less pressure on their skeleton. Treatment D birds had severe foot pad lesions (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments at weeks 6, 7 and 8 and the severity decreased with increasing duration of FRPS. Complete confinement treatme...
Establishment of LAMP Assay for Detection of Bacillus cereus

Xu Yun-Ming1*, Sun Zhi-Yuan1, Yang Jian-Bo1, Bian Rong-Rong2, Ren Hong-Lin3, Zhong Si-Yuan1, Cai Yu-Hong1, Peng Jing1 and Bao Hua-Xia1

Evaluating-the-Efficacy-of-the-Fungus-Beauveria-bassiana-and-Indigenous-Nematodes-Heterorhabditis-bacteriophora-in-Controlling-Cucurbit-Fly-Dacus-ciliatus

Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1 

...t larvae exhibit greater sensitivity and responsiveness to biological control measures compared to pupae, which benefit from partial protection due to their cocoon enclosure, mitigating the impact of external influences. 

...
Microbial Quality of Ready-To-Eat Shrimps from Three Selected Markets in Ibadan

Blessing Ndenum Peter1, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji1, Reuben Chukwuka Okocha2,3*, Ekemini Moses Okon4 

...l counts, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria. The mean total bacterial and coliform counts were 6.40 log CFU/g and 6.24 log CFU/g, respectively. The total bacterial count was significantly lower in ready-to-eat shrimps sourced from Alesinloye [6.29 (6.24 – 6.33) log CFU/g] compared to those from Eleyele [6.43 (6.40 – 6.46) log CFU/g] and Bodija [6.43 (6.41 – 6.46) log CFU/g]. Of the 80 ready-to-eat shrimps samples, E...
Establishment of Multiplex PCR for Detection of Calf Diarrhea Associated Virus and Analysis of its Clinical Infection Status

Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li

...its high specificity and sensitivity. The results of the clinical detection of 150 samples, collected form calves in Hebei Province, by multiplex PCR were the same as those obtained by colloidal gold test paper detection. We discovered that the co-infection rate of BRV and BCV was 41.3% (62/150), of BVDV and BRV 8.0% (12/150), of BVDV and BCV 6.0% (9/150), and of BVDV, BRV, and BCV 10.0% (15/150). In our clinical samples, mixed infection of BRV and BCV was the...
Clinicopathological Studies on Urine Retention in Barki Rams

Asmaa A Darwish* 

...s, APPs, and TAC yielded sensitivity and NPV as 100 % in DG (compared to CG) and DeG (compared to SG), but LR suggests TAC and IL-1β as the best markers for urine retention diagnosis and IL-1α, TNF-α, Fb, and ferritin as the best predictors for the urethral process amputation results. The study concluded that urine retention in rams resulted in a strong immune response with subsequent hemato-biochemical changes. TAC and IL-1β are reliable...
Serological, Molecular and Histopathological Study of Brucella melitensis Infection in Ewes

Ihab G. AL-Shemmari1*, Ali Hussein Fadhil1, Mohammed Assad S. Alkabi1, Eman Jawad Jabber2 

...lts of the RBT test, the sensitivity was (94.59%), the specificity was (94.12%), and the accuracy was (94.24%). Furthermore, the histological changes of the uterus of the infected ewe exhibited extensive histopathological alterations, including necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltrations (MNC), calcification, fibrosis, and severely constricted blood vessels. Conclusion. The current study concluded that detecting brucellosis in ewes using a combination of molecula...
Comparison of Pregnant Diagnosis in Local Buffalo with a Seed Germination Inhibition Test and Rectal Palpation

Ferry Lismanto Syaiful1*, Jaswandi Jaswandi2, Mangku Mundana2, Ilham Ilham2, Novirman Jamarun1, Efrizal Efrizal3

... tests for the accuracy, sensitivity, and phases of local buffalo pregnancy, and detecting buffalo pregnancy quickly, massively, and cheaper. The object of this study was 40 local buffalo post-AI with the criteria of BCS ≥3 and 2-3 parturition. The research medium used was green bean seeds. Then use urine and water samples. The urine samples used in this study were 120 samples. The dosage uses the ratio of mixing urine and water 1:12 mL, 1:14 mL, and 1:16 m...
Field Diagnosis of Avian Influenza 115N1 Virus M Egypt Using Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Tests

Ibrahim l , Madiha Salah and Ikuta 2, Kazuyoshi

... brain tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 100% for Sysmex avian influenza kit and 86% and 33% for Sysmex influenza MB kit. Thus, Sysmex avian influenza kit was shown to be a potentially useful tool for the direct and rapid detection of H5N1 in clinical specimens due to its high specificity. Additionally, an advantage over the other kit is specifically reacting with vir...
Comparative Detection of 1-15N1 Avian Influenza Virus using Conventional RT- PCR and Real Time RT-PCR
Hagag, N.M.*•, Arafa, A.*; Shalaby, M. A. ** El-Sanousi, A. A. **and Aly, M. M. 
...n of the specificity and sensitivity between 2 different formats of conventional RT-PCR (one and two steps) and 3 different formats of RRTPCR (one step using TaqMan probe, two steps using TaqMan probe and two steps using hybridization probe) were performed and compared as a diagnostic tool for H5N1 virus detection. All these formats of PCRs appeared within the same specificity for H5 gene detection, while they showed difference in sens...
Differentiation among Three Egyptian Isolates of Citrus Psorosis Virus
El-Dougdoug, Kh.A. t , S.A. Ghaza12 , A.A. Mousa2, H. Fahmyj and A.R. sofy2 
...symptoms and response to sensitivity of woody indicator plants and differential hosts. The CPsV-EG isolates showed differences in isozymes fractions, RF value and intensity  as compared with healthy plant. Results were confirmed by peroxidase activity where the level of peroxidase activity was considerably higher in ARC leaves than TB and the last TN. The total RNA content in infected leaves gave the highest content in ARC  followed by TB isolate whi...
Development of a Test System Based on Recombinant GM6 Antigen from Trypanosoma evansi for the Determination of Surra in Horses

Nurlan Akhmetsadykov1*, Tanatar Kydyrov2, Moldir Akhmetzhanova1, Gulnazi Akhmetova3, Maxat Berdikulov4 

...agnostically significant sensitivity in the enzyme immunoassay at a dilution of 1:6400 with sera of horses and donkeys infected with trypanosomosis. The proposed test system can be used for diagnosis of trypanosomosis in the early stages of the disease. 

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Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Asad Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2, Muhammad Lateef3, Imrana Niaz Sultan4, Afrasiab Khan Tareen4 and Muhammad Waseem Khan4,5*
... conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Sunnyvale, CA, United States) in comparison to conventional techniques used for the diagnosis of TB. Our study is one of the first ones from Pakistan investigating and assessing the performance of GeneXpert. We recruited eight hundred clinically TB suspects initially and included seven hundred and sixteen clinically TB suspects in the final analysis. The results of GeneXpert...
Different Soybean Varieties are Effected by Irrigation in Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Shakir Ullah1*, Lubna Shakir2, Ghani Subhan3 and Mohammad Sohail4

...cultivars exhibited high sensitivity to water stress. Based on the study, the 448 cultivar is recommended due to its higher seed yield and yield components under the given conditions.

...
Isolation and Characterization of Virulent Citrobacter freundii Associated with White Muscle Disease in Farmed Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkia

Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu

...trobacter freundii. Drug sensitivity test showed the strain has multiple drug resistance and was only sensitive to a few antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline and ciprofloxacin). PCR amplification of specific genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (extended-spectrum β-lactamases, quinolone resistance determinants and tetracycline-resistance) confirmed antibiotics sensitivity of this bacterium. Artific...
Adverse Impacts of a Mixture of Metals on Two Freshwater Fish Species, Catla catla and Labeo rohita

Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2

...hita demonstrated higher sensitivity in terms of 96-hour LC50 compared to Catla catla, whereas Catla catla exhibited greater sensitivity for lethal responses. Correlation and regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations between metallic ion concentrations in the test mediums and carbon dioxide, sodium, potassium, and electrical conductivity. On the contrary, a negative correlation was established between di...
Genetically Modified Foods’ Safety Analysis by using Molecular Profiling Techniques

*SHAJAHAN BAIG1, MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM1, MUHAMMAD AZMAT ULLAH KHAN1 ZEESHAN NADEEM2, SUFIAN AHMED2, MEMUNA GHAFOOR SHAHID3 & TANZEEM AKBAR CHEEMA3

...ful but still studies on sensitivity, specificity and substantiation are needed. Furthermore, bioinformatics studies may be quite useful for the successful application of these profiling methods to analyze the safety of genetically modified (GM) foods. These bioinformatic methods employ the comparison of different linked databases which may cover all the information significant for profiling. These methods are also significant in identifying the changes at var...
Age and Gender-Dependent in Nitric Oxide Postnatal Change Activity in the Rat Brain

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...pment exhibits increased sensitivity to specific types of learning and external influences. This period is usually associated with the development of age-related neurodevelopmental processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecules that play an important role in physiological processes including neuronal survival and differentiation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pruning, and brain plasticity. In the present study, we aimed to determine the activ...
Development and Testing of Latex Antigen for Serological Diagnosis of Emphysematous Carbuncle in Animals

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

...ological properties. The sensitivity of the developed test, even with a limited number of studies conducted, was 80%. There was almost always confirmation of the initial diagnosis made after agglutination results in a reaction medium from two crosses or more. This was done by isolating the pathogen during microbiological cultivation. Therefore, the high correlation (r=0.76, P<0.05) between the results of express testing and the detection of the pathogen by ...
Evaluation of Rumination and Milk Yield Alerts Utilizing SCR System for Mastitis, Ketosis, and Abomasal Displacement on the Dairy Cow Farm in Vietnam

Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Nhu Quynh Ho1, Thuan Khanh Nguyen2, Tuan Phong Vu Anh Vo3, Hai Thanh Duong4

... healthy. The SCR system sensitivity was 58.33%. Rumination alerts recorded 345 alerts, including 203 alerts of diseases after clinical examination, in which abomasal displacement was 100% alert effective, ketosis at 73.53% alerts, and mastitis at 63.83% alerts. However, the rates of mastitis, ketosis, and abomasal displacement were 24%, 13.6%, and 10%, respectively. On the alert day, rumination time and milk yield of diseased cows were lower than those of non...
Tupaia belangeri (Wagner, 1841), a Northern Treeshrew is an Animal Model of Metabolic Healthy Obesity

Yanfei Cai1, Jiahong Feng1 and Wanlong Zhu1,2,3*

...n studied animal insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, blood biochemistry, routine blood, inflammatory response, and liver fat accumulation, etc. We found that T. belangeri had no metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia after obesity, and there were also no typical obesity complications such as diabetes, inflammation, or fatty liver. To sum up, we suggest that T. belangeri can be used as an animal model of metabolic healt...
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PLANT PARTS OF TWO INVASIVE WEEDS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE VARIETIES

Rahamdad Khan1, Abdul Basit, Syed Majid Rasheed* and Syed Salim Shah

...” revealed highest sensitivity towards
allelopathic potential of different extract, giving minimum (87.5 %) germination. On the
other hand, the maize variety Babar showed strong resistance against all applied extracts
(treatments) and showed 100% seed germination. In the light of the current results it is
recommended that the farmer should discourage the growth of P. hysterophorus weed in
their ...
Assessment of Climate Sensitivity of Himalayan Fir (Abies pindrow) Grown in Ayubia National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Khalid Hussain*, Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and Nowsherwan Zarif

... used to assess climatic sensitivity of the Blue Pine (Abies pindrow) one of the dominant species in the moist temperate forest of Ayubia National Park (ANP), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study revealed that the species is climate and drought sensitive with dendrochronological potential. It was hypothesized that A. pindrow is sensitive to climate change and records the variations in climatic factors. The past studies revealed the reliable dendrochronological potent...
Lipid Regulation and Cardiovascular Biomarkers of Native Chickens Fed a Combination of Maggot, Indigofera and Turmeric

Sri Purwanti1*, Wempie Pakiding1, Marhamah Nadir1, Nurhayu2, Kusumandari Indah Prahesti1, Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin1, Jasmal Ahmari Syamsu1,4, Andi Mushawwir3 

...C-reactive protein) high sensitivity, H-FABP (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein), homocysteine, and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase found higher (p<0.05) in R0 than R1 and R2. Moreover, the level of adiponectin, apolipoproteins, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglycerides and NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) was found significantlyr (p<0.05) better in R0 compared to the R1 and R2 groups. These re...
The detection of Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins in the blood Serum as an Indicator of Pregnancy in Bali Cattle

I Ketut Puja1*, I Nyoman Sulabda2, Ni Nyoman Trinayani3, Ni Wayan Patmawati3, Made Rahayu Kusumadewi3, Putu Bulan Sasmita Dewi3, I Wayan Sukernayasa4, Anak Agung Gede Oka Dharmayudha5, Putu Devi Jayanti5, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan5 

...ng the ELISA method. The sensitivity of the test for pregnancy detection was 0.33 ng/mL. As a control, samples from non-pregnant cows were used. The PAG concentration in pregnant Bali cows was 0.55 ng/mL, and in non-pregnant cows, it was 0.06 ng/mL. PAG concentration in pregnant cows was significantly different from that of cows that were not pregnant. The results of research on Bali cows showed that the accuracy of the PAG test in diagnosing pregnancy was 100...
Multivariate analysis of distribution of four understory species along a gradient in Iodgepole pine and spruce fir forest
Charles D. Bonham, Javed Ahmed and Larry L. Larson
... identified under story sensitivity to aspect, elevation, and soil profile attributes that influence soil moisture. The under story species studied exhibited a relative independence to over story composition and dominance....
Gross and Histopathological Study of Postscabietic Nodules

Nada Hamzah Shareef Al Shabbani1, Marwa Jamal Hussain Al Kinani2*, Tmara Qais Al-Mohammadi1 

... body experiences a hypersensitivity reaction. From the three hundred cases examined microscopically, most (80%) of them were found to be characterized by acanthotic epidermis and diffuse dense dermal lymphocytic infiltration. Neutrophilic reaction, epithelioid-granulomatous inflammation and eosinophilia have been diagnosed in 76 % sight upon while 100 % of other nodules have shown eosinophilia 

...
Control of Vibrio spp. in Commercially Sold Fish Using Bioactive Natural Antimicrobials
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...ulence genes. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that the isolates were highly resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial drugs in Egypt. These drugs included ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The average MAR score was 0.530 indicating that the isolates have acquired a hereditary resistance that poses a public health hazard to customers. Moreover, the marinate with 5% lemon juice (LJ) and 3% pomegranate peel (PPE) extract had a positive impac...
The Role of Aloe vera L. Extract in Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Rats on a High-Fat Diet: Insights from In Vivo and In Silico Studies

Roy Sukbir Singh1, Jekson Martiar Siahaan2,3*, Endy Juli Anto4, Syafruddin Ilyas5, Putri Eyanoer6, Hendrika Andriani7,8

...ehyde), and Hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) levels were assessed. The in silico results indicated strong binding affinities for aloin in TNF-α, and Aloinoside in COX-2, this suggesting its potential inhibition of these targets. Moreover, at doses of 400 mg/KgBW Aloe vera extract had a significant effect improving their lipid profiles, and reducing MDA activity and inflammation (P < 0.05) with significance measured using ANOVA followed by ...
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern against Virulence Genes of Helicobacter. pylori Isolated from Felines and Sheep

Enany M.E.1, Fadel Hanaa M.2, Abo-Shama U.H.3, Ahmed Mona M.1, Kholief M.E.A.4*

...cagA & hrgA 50% have sensitivity 0% till 28.6%. In conclusion, the highest resistance to cagA of H. pylori in autumn season and the highest sensitivity for hrgA in winter season was recorded.
 
Keywords: Helicobacter. pylori, Virulence genes, Antibiotic susceptibility, Felines and sheep
...
Silver Nanoparticles as an Antibacterial Candidate for Poultry: An Alternative to Synthetic Antibiotics

Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*

... 70% alcohol. Antibiotic sensitivity testing employed the Kirby-Bauer and optical density 600 techniques to assess microbial growth inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The research data was examined for comparative statistics using a completely randomized design. Concentrations between 10 and 50 ppm in the inhibition zone test successfully inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli while not affecting the viabili...
Clinical, Prevalence and Molecular Studies of Parascaris equorum in Infected Horses in Al-Muthanna Province

Hussein Jabar Jasim*, Naer Abdulbari Madlool Alkaabawi, Ali Naser Kathem  

...d higher specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing ascariasis in horses compared to the flotation technique. Additionally, the study found that, although ascariasis occurs throughout the year, it is most prevalent in winter. The survey also showed that males and horses older than 6 years are less susceptible to ascariasis. 

...
Physicochemical Properties and Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) Content of Kelulut Honey Processed Using Ultrasound Method
Nor Adila Zulkifli1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1*, Zalilawati Mat Rashid1, Zarinah Zakaria1, Norshazila Shahidan2, Lee-Hoon Ho1 and Faridah Yahya3
...tributes due to its heat sensitivity. Hence, ultrasound which is a non- thermal processing was chosen as an alternative method to minimize the quality loss during the processing of Kelulut honey. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound processing on the quality of Kelulut honey. The ultrasound processing was conducted at five different amplitudes (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and three different treatment times (5, 10 and 15 minutes)...
Establishment and Application of a SYBR Green I Real-Time Quantitative PCR for Detection of Micropterus salmoides Rhabdovirus

Ningyu Zhu, Runzhen He, Qianrong Liang, Xiaoye Zheng, Gaohua Yao, Wenjun Ma and Xueyan Ding*

...d the characteristics of sensitivity and specificity. This method can provide reliable technical support for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of MSRV, which can effectively control the spread and epidemic of MSRV disease.

...
Synergistic Effect of Some Plant Extracts with Selected Antibiotics Against Enteric Pathogens of Turkey Poults

Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*

...demonstrated significant sensitivity to Colistin, with a sensitivity rate of 94.73% while were 60.52% and 52.63% for Gentamicin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole . the antimicrobial activity of five methanolic plant extracts (garlic, cloves, rosemary, Ficus sycomorus and Ziziphus spina-christi,) were examined toward intermediate resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among th...
The Modification of Broiler Physiological and Immunological Traits Caused by the Administration of Varying Concentrations of Oregano Leaf Aqueous Extract (Origanum vulgare)

Hasan SA Jawad1*, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali2, Galib A. Al-Kassie3, Abdul-Razzak L. Al-Rubaie3, Lokman IH4 

...est of the relative hypersensitivity in the wattles and relative weight and the Fabricia gland index, and biochemical traits, such as concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, globulin, albumin, and total protein. 

...
Understanding Smallholder Beef Production: Cost Structures, Market Channels, and Pathways to Enhanced Profitability

Wiranut Thannithi1, Payungsuk Intawicha1, Nattamaporn Kongmuang1, Wilasinee Inyawilert2, Attapol Tiantong3, Sureeporn Saengwong1*

...ated to pricing and cost sensitivity, resulting in lower profit margins. This study highlights the key role of market segmentation in enhancing smallholder performance, suggesting that focused expenses on cattle purchases, feed management, animal health, and market position can significantly improve financial outcomes. Furthermore, this study enhances the understanding of the economic dynamics of beef production systems in Thailand by discussing the limitation...
Molecular Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in Human and Cattle

Mohammed Jawad Kadhim*, Qasim Jawad Amer

...n a remarkable degree of sensitivity and specificity.
 
Keywords | Entamoeba histolytica, Cattle, PCR, Babylon, Human and Diarrhea
...
Potential Role of Recombinant Capsid Protein of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in the Development of an In-House Elisa Based Detection of Infection

Rakhtasha Munir1, Shazia Rafique2*, Iram Amin1,2, Sameen Ahmed2, Ayesha Vajeeha2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Umer Khan4 and Muhammad Idrees2

...mine the specificity and sensitivity of the designed diagnostic ELISA. The aim underlying this study was to develop an accurate, error-free, unambiguous, and cost-friendly in-house ELISA, for the detection of antibodies in Pakistan’s most prevalent dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The progress of this research would likewise foreshadow advancements of novel vaccines for future counteraction of dengue infection as C protein is highly immunogenic.

...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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