Muhangi Denis
... swine fever is a highly infectious, viral disease affecting domestic pigs with mortalities approaching 100%. The disease severely impacts on the socio-economic status of farmers. The disease is endemic in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in Sardinia (Italy), the Russian Federations, the Caucasus and it has shown possibilities of spread within Eastern Europe. Involvement of all stakeholders in the pig value chain in designing and implementing of pr...
Yanina Panzera1*, Nicolas Sarute1, Lucia Carrau1, Jaime Aldaz2, Ruben Perez1
...o;, the most significant infectious disease among carnivores worldwide. Herein, we present the state of the art of CDV dynamics in South America, by means of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus in several countries. Our study allowed us to establish the presence of four genetic lineages in South America, being the continent with more lineages described to date, underscoring the high genetic diversity of the ci...
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
...ment problems along with infectious diseases including avian influenza (AI). Biosecurity measures, controlling poultry movements and inactivated vaccines were devised to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) H5N1. HPAIV are highly susceptible to all disinfectants because they are enveloped viruses. Disinfection against avian influenza viruses at the poultry farms would significantly reduce and/or limit the chance fo...
Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2
E-mail | [email protected]
...nel cough or canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) in dogs. Other disease agents include various respiratory viruses and co-infection can exacerbate the clinical signs. CIRD is highly contagious and can spread rapidly, especially among dogs in close quarters. Fast and accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective was to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR for detection of B. bronch...
Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth
Email: [email protected]
...n of novel, yet unknown, infectious diseases and etiologies....
Moustafa Kardjadj
...isease (FMD) is a highly infectious and contagious transboundary animal disease and one of the most economically devastating diseases that affect cloven-hoofed livestock including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and wild ungulates. Wide prevalence of the disease in Asia and Africa associated with huge economic losses to livestock farming and industry has increased global concern for the disease. Currently, 3 serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and SAT-2)
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
... may explain the extreme infectious nature of the virus and its host-specific pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the nature of such circulating field viruses is essential to underpin the endemic potential of PPRV and its possible spread to the susceptible wild or domestic small ruminants....
Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2
...t immune response to the infectious agents is necessary. Identification of the genes, and their variants, involved in innate immune responses is essential for the understanding of this inflammatory disease and to identify potential genetic markers for resistance to mastitis. This article presents a systematic integration of complex biological interactions of 226 mammary gland genes to uncover underlying regulatory networks. Data were collected from various dat...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...rentiate between chicken infectious anemia (CIA) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) and co-infection of CIA and IBD. Infectious bursal disease was tentatively diagnosed in 5,000, 5 weeks old Hy-Line and ISA Brown pullets in a commercial poultry farm in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria with mortality of up to 79.12%. The clinical signs observed were prostration, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anor...
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi
... the best known cause of infectious mononucleosis. In acquired immuno-deficient Syndrome patients, several distinct and additional EBV-associated diseases may occur and some forms of malignancies. This study was designed to determine the incidence of EBV in Human immune-deficient virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy eight HIV-infected individuals were screened for EBV antibodies over a period of four months ...
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...onse to pathogenic field infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The Bursa of fabricius was collected from poultry flocks of Punjab Pakistan for isolation of IBD virus by inoculating in embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane. The two hundred birds were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D). The birds in group A were commercial broiler chicks having maternal derived antibodies and were challenged with IBDV field isolate at the rate of 0.1ml of...
Saba Irshad1,*, Ayesha Ashfaq1, Ammara Muazzam1 and Abida Yasmeen2
...ich flavour and to treat infectious wounds. Their crude ethanol and methanol extracts were tested against five important bacterial and fungal strains. Both extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. All alcoholic extracts were competent enough to reduce the growth rate of M. canis and A. flavus up to 35%, with no inhibitory influence on Candida species and F. solani
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4
...sis is a global zoonotic infectious disease having alarming public health concerns. Generally this is an occupation related disease and the victims belong to animal slaughtering, owners of pet shops, farm workers, handlers of meat, sewerage and agriculture workers. Leptospirosis affect multiple organs in human body and may lead to myocarditis, renal failure, respiratory distress and hypotension. This disease is an emerging infectious
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
... suspected case of avian infectious bronchitis from commercial poultry. Initially the isolated IB-virus was characterized by RFLP using enzymes Alu I, Hae III, BstYI and XcmI. On the basis of its distinct RFLP pattern from other known IBV vaccine strains, the isolate was named as KU145467_NARC/786_Pakistan_2013 (also named as Pak-786) was subjected to Spike gene sequencing covering the amino-terminus region of 01 to 974 base pairs. The S protein sequence was s...
Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2,Javed Iqbal Wattoo2, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad1 and Maizan Mohamed1
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1
...istribution of important infectious diseases of buffalo like as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) at Upazila veterinary hospitals of Jaintapur, Gowainghat and Kanaighat upazilas of Sylhet district. From October, 2015 to September, 2017 a total of 1057 cases of buffalo diseases were recorded in the hospital record books. Among all diseases, the overall hospital prevalence of Helminthiasis in buffalo was highest (22.32%) followed by ...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
... caries is a significant infectious disease of human being caused by multispecies of bacteria. Among the causative agents of dental caries, notable one is Streptococcus mutans, which is an obligate parasite. In this study eleven S. mutans strains were isolated from carious lesions on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar along with twenty potentially active Streptomyces strains were isolated from the soil of agriculture farmlands. The biochemic...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...culosis (TB) is airborne infectious disease and poses a great threat to public health. Precisely and timely detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is prerequisite for the successful treatment of TB. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis along with associated risk factors in Quetta Jail, Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, 186 sputum samples were collected randomly from jail inmates. Sputum was processed for smear ...
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
...ion of food samples with infectious agents was 48.37%. Campylobacter jejuni was recorded much higher (28.99%) compared to other foodborne pathogens. Food samples were also found positive for Salmonella spp. (19%), E. coli (O157:H7) (8%) and 1.25% for Listeria monocytogenes. 5% tested food samples were found co-infected with at least two pathogens. The results urge to adopt proper food hygiene practices to reduce the incidence...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
... Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). More than 95% of cases and deaths are reported in developing countries. Tuberculosis affects all age groups but adults are mostly affected in their most productive age. However, all age groups are at risks. In the world, TB is one of the major killer infectious diseases, which place it in one of the top 5 causes o...
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
...n seroprevalence of this infectious disease in studied region. The best immunization time found was 40 days of age, with booster at 60 days of age....
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...potential drugs to treat infectious diseases.
...
Zulqarnain and Zafar Iqbal*
...gal disease with several infectious strategies leading to the complete death of plant. None of the strategies in controlling the wilt have shown fruitful results. Dual culture assay was employed is this study to identify the fungal species with their potent antifungal activity against the Fusarium wilt of tomato. Six distinct fungal species including Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma harzianum, Alternaria solani and Pythium ap...
Saiqa Andleeb* , Shaukat Ali
RNA interference; A tool for treatment of human diseases
...ed in therapy of various infectious and non-infectious diseases. Variety of human diseases like cancer, viral and neuromuscular has been controlled through RNAi. Some vectors and inducible systems are available now to treat numerous disorders. This review paper provides the basis for further development of RNAi technology as a drug therapy against various human disorders....
Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1
Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...nza (AI) is an important infectious disease of poultry which cause
immune suppression and immune organs damage in broilers. Supplementations of
fish oil (FO) enhance the immune status and subside inflammation. This study was
design to observe the effects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups ...
immune suppression and immune organs damage in broilers. Supplementations of
fish oil (FO) enhance the immune status and subside inflammation. This study was
design to observe the effects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups ...
Saira Zaheer1, Abrar Hussain1*, Aqsa Khalil1, Muhammad Mansha1, Muhammad Lateef2
...lminths worm), is highly infectious parasite of small ruminants, and is a major cause of diseases and significant mortality in various cattle, sheep, deer, buffalo and goat, etc. Various synthetic anthelmintics have been used, on wide scale, to control the helminths infections.But the parasite worms have developed multiple resistances against the synthetic anthelmintics. Hence, various biological controls, vaccines and local medicinal plants are being explored...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...vian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon partial F gene sequencing. Partial F gene sequencing revealed that all tested isolates harbor a cleavage site with multi basic amino acid 112KRQKR/F117 characteristic of velogenic strains. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of all tested strains within sub-genotype VIg. Three isolates were assessed for pathogenic...
Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3
...onducted to characterize infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses circulating in Egypt during the period of 2017 - 2018. Sixteen pooled bursal tissue samples were collected from IBD suspected (9 Egyptian balady and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different localities at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. These samples were subjected for direct detection of a 620 bp hypervariable region in the VP2 gene using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
...ly available vaccines of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Three experimental groups, each having 100 broiler birds were placed in the same environmentally controlled house. Samples of blood and bursa of Fabricius were collected from slaughtered birds after every 7 days till the end of experiment (35 days). The size of bursas and the bursa/body weight ratios were significantly greater in live vector vaccine group than other vaccinal groups. ELISA revealed high ...
Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian, Jonathan Hartanto Tan and Zheng Shusen*
...has been classified into infectious and serum hepatitis. The pattern of disease progression manifests liver inflammation, chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we present a comprehensive review characterizing the viral architecture, life cycle, infectivity mechanisms, immune escape strategies, disease epidemiology and preventive measures associated with HBV. The current antiviral therapeutics are not providing adequate protection aga...
Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous
...Among the clinical cases infectious diseases occupied the highest prevalence in CVASU (62.85%), CVH (61.53%) and DVH (61.53%). Prevalence of difference in clinical diseases was not significant (P>0.05). In case of parasitic diseases, the highest prevalence was observed in DVH (34.61%) and lowest in CVASU (28.57%). The prevalence of nutritional diseases was lower than in other clinical conditions. The highest prevalence of diseases according to age, breed an...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
... (NCLB) of maize is most infectious foliar disease in Himalayan region of the Asia, caused by fungus Exerohillum turcicum. We evaluated resistant genotypes against NCLB under agro-climatic condition of Rawalakot and assessed the yield loss due to impact of NCLB. Maize plants were artificially inoculated at four to six leaf stages. Thirty genotypes were screened in first field trail in June 2016. Genotypes had significant differences for NCLB severity an...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...aria is a mosquito borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. In Pakistan, P. vivax and P. falciparum are common species. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence of malaria infection in District Lower Dir Pakistan. A total of 1750 blood samples were collected from seven tehsils of District Lower Dir (January to December 2013). The data were analysed tehsils wise, month wise, gender w...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
...onducted to evaluate the infectious and antigenic potential of three different AIV (A/H9N2) variants isolated from commercial, backyard poultry and fancy birds (partridge). Commercial broiler birds were infected experimentally at the dose of 106 EID50 by using these three isolates. Results revealed that onset of clinical signs was started at 2nd day post infection (DPI) followed by severity in redness and swelling of eyes, snee...
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...nificant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low levels of vitamin D has been detected in different diseased cases. Recent investigations have reported various cells of body exhibiting vitamin D receptors and CYP27B1 which is capable of converting inactive form vitamin D into biologically active form 1,25(OH)2D3, that important for maintaining immune homeos...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1, Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...ropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious respiratory disease of cattle, characterized by anorexia, fever, dyspnea, polypnea, cough, and nasal discharges and caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. This study was carried out in abattoirs of Lahore, Kasur and Jhang districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Different tissue samples were collected from 560 cattle showing respiratory signs at slaughter. Lung samples were used for detection of CBPP through PCR ...
Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...l and eradication of any infectious disease from an endemic country. In this review, we describe different structures of mature pox virion with reference to vaccinia virus (VACV), list of immunogenic candidate genes presents in CaPV genome and their potential use in diagnostic/vaccine developments. ...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...castle disease virus and infectious bursal disease. Relative lymphoid organ weights were recorded on day 42. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed against Newcastle disease virus on a weekly basis, whilst a hemagglutination (HA) assay was performed to determine immunity against total sheep red blood cell (SRBC) , mercaptoethanol-2 resistant (IgG) and mercaptoethanol-2 sensitive (IgM) antibodies on weeks 3, 4, 5 and 6. Lymphoid organ weight showe...
Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain
...Bts). The impact of this infectious disease is weight loss, reduction in cocoon quality as well as quantity and source of infestation for healthy larva. In current study, the 3rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on the leaves of Morus alba treated with B. thuringiensis until the start of 5th instar and the Total Haemocyte Count (THC) of the Bts infected silkworm’s haemolymph were counted. The findings of current research showed that THC was significantly...
Naseeb Ullah1, Assad Ur Rehman1, Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum1, Sajida Afzal1, Asma Naseem1, Kenza Javed1, Ujala Rauf1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...outh disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease of cloven-footed animals. It is widespread in Pakistan with huge economic losses. The chief objective of the study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of FMD in livestock in district Lakki Marwat, southern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. 376 blood samples were randomly collected from livestock (large and small ruminants) from December 2017 to April 2018 to examine the prevalence of FMD. The current st...
Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Asim Aslam1*, Muhammad Yasin2, Tahir Yaqoob2 and Beenish Zahid3
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1,2*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan3, Md. Abul Hashem2,4, Mohammad Eliyas5 and A.K.M. Mostafa Anower1
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection: An Emerging Threat to Cattle Health in Bangladesh
...isease (LSD) is a highly infectious and economically important transboundary disease of cattle caused by LSD virus (LSDV). LSD is characterized by fever and the appearance of nodular lesions in the skin covering all parts of the body. LSD is currently endemic in many African countries and causing significant economic losses. LSD has recently spread out of Africa into the Middle East region, and still continuing to spread other territories of the world. In Sept...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...isease (LSD) is a highly infectious eruptive viral disease of cattle, caused by LSD virus (LSDV) under the family Poxviridae and transmitted by direct contact or through biological vectors such as mosquitoes, flies and ticks. Sporadic cases of LSD have been observed in cattle elsewhere. The aim of the present study was undertaken to evaluate the present scenario of LSD and its clinical management at different house-holds at south-west region of Bangladesh. A s...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1
Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
...associated with numerous infectious and continual problems such as persistent kidney disease, cancer, ischemic heart ailment and inflammatory bowel disorder. However, with the development in generation at genome editing level have made feasible to accurate mutations in human genome. A site oriented specific break in double stranded DNA is induced by CRISPR/Cas9, whereas different oligonucleotides are provided to make accurate DNA template for genome correction...
Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3
Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...stify;">Bluetongue is an infectious viral disease that is endemic in the domestic livestock populations of all tropical and subtropical countries. BT was first reported in Iran in 1972, however until now there is the absence of comprehensive information on the BT status in Iran. We aimed to present the seroprevalence on BT in farm animals of Iran based-on a meta-analysis study. The meta-analysis study was conducted in national and international databases to fi...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...effective enough to cure infectious diseases caused by these resistant pathogens. In this battle, there is a continuous need to develop new drugs or compounds that can cure these infections or to reverse the antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. In recent years different experimental approaches highlighted the importance of phytochemicals present in plants and its ability to kill these pathogens and microbial inability to develop resistance against these p...
Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khalid Munir1, Ghulam Abbas1’*, Isra Munir1, Mumtaz Ahmad Khan1, Asif Iqbal1, Munsoor ud Din Ahmad1, Muhammad Arshad Javid2, Zareen Fatima1 and Maria Arshad1
...: x-small;">A variety of infectious public health problems are prevailing in the world. Among these, epidemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza and Middle EastRespiratorySyndromecoronavirus(MERS-CoV)emerged as very importantissuesduringlastthree decadesas these infectionscaused quitelargenumberofhumandeathsworldwide.Coronavirusesaresingle-strandedpositive sense RNA viruses which mainly in past were considered responsible for high per...
Saba Afzal1, Sohail Raza1,*, Masood Rabbani1, Sehrish Firyal2, Imran Altaf1 and Zahra Naeem1
...nd median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50). The results showed that 2.5 µM concentration of the ivermectin is non-toxic to the Vero cells. At this concentration, PPRV titre was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by two log to 103.0 TCID50/0.1 mL as compared to virus control 105.5 TCID50/0.1 mL. Moreover, the ivermectin exposure after the viral attachment and entry steps able to reduce...
Abeer A. Feisall; B.A. Othman2; Kh.A. El-Dougdoug2 and H.S. Shalaby1
...host range since, it was infectious to Salmonella typhimrium ATCC25566 and S.
typhimurium MM11 among the eight bacterial isolates tested belonging to family
enterobacteriacae. The thermal inactivation point of the isolated phage was found to
be 76 ºC. Salmonella bacteriophage (St-1) survived for 7 days at 4, 25, 37, 42 and -
20 ºC. The virus lost its ability to lyse salmonella cells at pH 4, 5, 6, 10, 1...
Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5
...se (LSD) is an important infectious viral skin disease of cattle causing high economic losses. Vaccination is the only effective method to control the disease in endemic countries. In the present study, 10 out of 25 clinically examined calves (40%) in a farm in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during summer 2013 showed clinical signs suspected to be lumpy skin disease, despite vaccination of dams 4 months before parturition with sheep poxvirus vaccine (Kenyan strai...
Hanaa A. Ahmed1 and Eman M. AboHatab2
...Lumpy skin disease is an infectious viral disease of cattle, which is an important serious skin disease of cattle in Africa. In present study, twenty one samples in the form of nodular lesion of skin were collected at different stages during the course of the disease from private farms in Ismailia and Fayoum governorates during April to June 2013. Different diagnostic tests used for Isolation of LSD virus from the nodular samples by inoculation on chorioallant...
Afaf. A. Khedr*, Ekram Salama*, A. A. Samy**, Abdella, Y.A.*** and Suzan. K. Tolba***
...djuvant vaccines against infectious coryza and infectious bronchitis diseases were prepared, one adjuvanted with mineral oil and the other with Montanide ISA-70. Evaluation of both vaccines were done by challenge test, haemagglutination inhibition test, ELISA test for Avibacterium Paragallinarum, and ELISA test, indirect haemagglutination inhibition test and ciliostasis score for infectious
Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3
Amir M. Walaa1 ; Ausama Yousif1; Walid H. Kilany2; Magdy El-Sayed1; Ahmed A. El-Sanousi1
Serageldeen Sultan1, Nabila Osman2
Lamya A. F. Ateya1, Said A. Ahmed 2, Mansour H. Ayman3, Khamees K. Ashraf 4, Heba A. Abdel-Hady 5
...sease virus (LSDV) is an infectious viral disease which is an important serious skin disease of cattle. LSDV was isolated from skin biopsies collected from cattle which are clinically infected at Kaluobia governorate. Objectives: This study was designed for isolation and identification of LSD virus on CAM and MDBK cell culture and identification of isolated virus by FAT and PCR. Methods: A total 23 skin biopsies were used for virus isolation on chorio-allantoi...
Ehab M. El-Nahas1, Hemat S. El-Sayed2, Sawsan S. El-Basuni3, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1
...ackground: A novel avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Egypt/Qal/014p was isolated from 14-day-old broiler chickens with proventriculitis in Qaluobia province of Egypt in 2014. Objective: The isolate was identified by a real time RT-PCR targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene with further genetic and antigenic characterization. Methods: Beside a real time RT-PCR; sequence analysis of partial S1 gene, cross-neutralization and the challenge experiment for H120 ...
Ahmed A. Azab, Wesam H. Mady, Ali Zanaty, Mahmoud Samir
...systems for isolation of infectious bronchitis
virus.
Methods: The Egyptian variant 2 IBV strain representative to the current circulating strain in Egypt
was isolated in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs ECE), chicken embryo kidney
cell (CEK) and in Vero cell line and was confirmed for IBV detection by Reverse Transcriptase Real
time PCR (RRT-PCR) using IB specific primers. Compar...
Saira Gul1,2, Sohail Ahmed2*, Tahir Usman1*, Khalid Khan3, Sultan Ayaz1, Saleha Gul4 and Nawab Ali5
...ovine anaplasmosis is an infectious tick-borne disease caused by a rickettsial parasite Anaplasma marginale. This study investigated the prevalence of A. marginale in cattle on different commercial farms in subtropical conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). A total of 120 cattle from different farms were randomly sampled and tested for the presence of A. marginale between May to August 2016. The study&nbs...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1,*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Arfan Ahmad2, Syed Nadeem Mansoor3 and Muhammad Anees4
...gical changes in chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infected bone marrow in broiler chicken. Bone marrow samples were collected from proximal tibiotarsus and femur of each of the five healthy and CAV-infected flocks under natural condition. The bone marrow smears were fixed, stained with Romanowsky Giemsa Stain (RGS) and examined under microscope. Results showed a significant difference between the cellularity of normal and CAV-infected birds. While compar...
Akram I. Aboelkhair1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahin1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...Lumpy skin disease is an infectious viral disease caused by Lumpy skin disease virus
(LSDV) affecting cattle causing skin lesions. It`s a member of Poxviridea family, genus Capri-pox,
and closely related to sheep and goat pox. In Egypt, the protection from lumpy skin disease (LSD)
among cattle population was carried out using sheep poxvirus vaccine. Last year (2016-2017) revealed
many cases of LSD in sheep pox va...
Hanaa A. Elsamadony1, Laila A. Tantawy1, Sabry E. Omar2 and Heba A. Abd Alah1
...Anemia Virus (CAV) is an infectious disease that is causing major economic
losses in the poultry industry and these losses are attributed to high mortalities, reduced production and
cost for preventive medications.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify CAV obtained from farms with problems associated
with decreased body weight and immunosuppression. Also to determine their relationship with vaccine
Aml S. El-Saadany1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2 and Hussien A. Hussien2
Yanqiang Zhou1, Lixin Wang1, Chunxiao Hao1, Xiuyun Li2, Shakeel Hussain1, Dongdong Shen1, Zhiwei Peng1, Qi`an Zhai1 and Zhijun Hou1,*
...ontrolling the spread of infectious parasitic diseases in the zoo.
...
Altaf Hussain1*, Muhammad Saad Ashraf3, Asim Shamim1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Arslan Mehboob2 and Urooj Fatima2
...disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is one of the most devastating and immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on the sustainable food security around the globe including Pakistan. Poultry industry is the second biggest industry in Pakistan while IBD is an important disease seriously threatening poultry farming. Despite the use of mass and intense vaccination regimens, the disease continues to sustain in...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
... disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were not affected by enzymatic inductions. Therefore, the antigen prepared by phospholipase C has been found to be more effective for HI test for rapid diagnosis of IBV during infection....
Neven Waheeb1*, Sherif Marouf2, Essam Nasr3, Shaymaa Abdelmalek2
...ne of the most prevalent infectious agents in the world which causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori infection is made by invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods require endoscopy which is uncomfortable and unacceptable for most patients. Therefore, non-invasive methods particularly serological tests are easier and comfortable for patients. The object...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1, 3, Mohamed M. Amer2
... chickens suffering from infectious bursal disease (IBD) for isolation of fungal species on specific medium. A total of 19 purified fungal isolates have been identified morphologically. Aspergillus isolates were the most identified (42%), followed by Trichosporon (10.5%), Penicillium (10.5%), Fusarium (5%), Candida (1%) and non-identified isolates (26%). Furthermore, the obtained 8 Aspergillus isolates were further morphologically identified into A. fumigatus ...
Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1
...stle disease followed by infectious bursal disease (11.79%), pullorum disease (11.17%), colibacillosis (8.71%), infectious bronchitis (7.87%), inclusion body hepatitis (7.79%), chronic respiratory disease (7.67%), necrotic enteritis (6.48%), coccidiosis (6.09%), mycotoxicosis 5.43%), fowl cholera (4.74%), infectious coryza (4.41%), fowl typhoid (4.22%), omphalitis (3.71%) and hydropericard...
Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah
Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar
...c disease which involves infectious agents, nutritional factors and managemental prcatices. Infectious agents include Nephropathic Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) and nutritional factors like high dietary calcium (>2%), high crude protein (> 30%), Hypovitaminosis A, Hypervitaminosis D3, dehydration, high sodium carbonate, Cop...
Imtiaz Ali Shah1*, Maleeha Anwar1, Rafiullah2, Inamullah Wazir1, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz1, Abdur Raziq1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Faizul Hassan1, Khalid Khan3, Yasin Ahmad4, Irshad Ahmad5, Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid5, Muhammad Tariq Zeb1*
...ugh PCR. The presence of infectious Salmonella in table eggs in Peshawar presents a serious public health threat and should be monitored on routine basis for the presence of Salmonella.
Keywords: Table eggs, PCR, Public Health, Salmonella.
...
Semra Okur Gumusova1, Gul Fatma Yarim2, Cuneyt Tamer1,*, Ayris Salt2 and Gokhan Inat3
...rosis (IPN) is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and it is a viral, fatal and contagious disease of young salmonids and nonsalmonid fish with acute to peracute clinical forms. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and cell damage due to IPNV in rainbow trout gonad cell line-2 (RTG-2). For this purpose, IPNV was inoculated in RTG-2. Then, media of IPNV infected cell and media of negative control wer...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
... to molecularly identify infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV) from naturally infected native chickens. Thus, bursa specimens were collected from two IBD vaccinated native broiler chicken flocks showing clinical signs, mortality and lesions of IBD in this study. The collected bursae showed pathological changes related to those of IBD infection. Furthermore, the isolates were molecularly characterized using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction...
Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3*
...There was no evidence of infectious diarrhea during the experiment. Non-infectious diarrhea frequency and days on diarrhea were decreased 33% by FILT. Hot carcass weight (HCW) and longissimus muscle area (LM) were increased by FILT. Lambs drank FILT shown lower relative weight of stomach complex and tended (P=0.06) to have lower relative intestinal weight. It is concluded that reduction of TDS and the bacterial load in water...
Zhan-Zhong Liu1, Chun-Ying Wang1, Jian-Ye Yang2, Qing-Hua Liu3,4, Xiao Zhang3* and Liang Wang3,4*
Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4
...te of drug resistance to infectious agents has provoked an urgent need to discover novel anti-tuberculosis agents with novel modes of action. In this study, small molecule inhibitors of the proteins encoded by the drug resistant genes, i.e., katG, gyrA, pncA and rpoB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), were identified using computational methods. In the ligand base pharmacophore, an already reported four ligands for the four proteins encoded by th...
Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1
... Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV), infectious coryza, fowl cholera and aspergillosis are the most prevalent respiratory diseases in Bangladesh. These diseases are most prevalent in layer, broiler, sonali and backyard chicken. AI outbreak is observed every year since its first report in 2007 in Bangladesh. T...
Anis Suraya Mohamad Abir1, Sakinah Yusof1, Abd Rahaman Yasmin1,2, Abdul Rahman Omar1,3, Kok Lian Ho4, Wen Siang Tan1,5, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah1,6*
...red to other avian viral infectious diseases. Therefore, this study characterised the response of chBM-DCs to infection with the wild-type (WT) FP9 strain of FWPV compared to a recombinant FWPV carrying the H5 gene of avian influenza virus (rFWPV-H5) using morphological and immunophenotypical observations. The results showed that the rFWPV-H5-infected chBM-DCs formed better dendrites and stellate cells, compared to the WT FWPV. The recombinant virus also expre...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3
...e (AIDS) are major viral infectious diseases around the world especially in developing nations with poor healthcare facilities. Owing to blood-borne transmission, sharing of needles by the Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) aggravates the spread of Hepatitis C and AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), causative of AIDS, mainly leads to reduced immunity provoking increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, we presen...
Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1*
...n influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS among cases of viral respiratory affections in broilers. Samples were collected from 68 broiler chicken floc...
Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad
...h issues in animals were infectious diseases 26%, followed by generalized conditions 23%, gastrointestinal issues 17%, and cardiovascular issues 7%. In animals, out of total 102 different diseases and pathological conditions, the maximum variation was noted in mouflon sheep (Ovis orientalis orientalis), hog deer (Axis porcinus) and spotted deer (Axis axis). In birds, 37% infectious diseases, 24% generalized conditions, 15% g...
Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1
...y health and diseases of infectious nature to determine the appropriate amount of supplementation of OA.
Keywords | Organic acids, Gut health, Natural compounds, Poultry health, Layer production.
...
Marat Kuibagarov1, Assylbek Zhylkibayev1, Dinara Kamalova1, Anara Ryskeldina1, Nurdina Yerzhanova1, Yerlan Ramankulov1, Alexandr Shevtsov1*, John A Angelos2
...d from clinical cases of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), however, the exact role of M. bovoculi in this disease remains unclear. Experimental Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) and M. bovoculi vaccines to prevent IBK based on recombinant pathogenic factors have been evaluated as alternatives to whole cell vaccines. Pilin is one candidate antigen for M. bovoculi, and is a key pathogenic factor necessary for attachment of M. bovis to the surface of the e...
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.Z. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1 and Khalid A. El-Dougdoug2
...ht microscope. Extracted infectious sap of N. glutinosa leaves was examined using Transmission Electron Microscope. Total RNA was isolated from fig leaves showing symptoms and symptomless. Phylogenetic relationships were evaluated. Virus particles were detected by DAS-ELISA in extracts from inoculated host leaves. The virus was transmitted by grafting on fig plants and sap inoculation on a very restricted host range of herbaceous plants where showing latent sy...
Muhammad Izhar ul Haque1, Farhan Anwar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Hamayun Khan1, Zia ur Rehman1, Salman Khan1, Hayatullah Khan1,2, Faisal Ahmad1,3, Mumtazur Rahman1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Saeed1, Mehboob Ali1 and Saqib Nawaz1
...sease (JD), is a chronic infectious disease of animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It is also a serious public health concern as MAP is responsible for Crohn’s disease in human beings. This infectious disease is so far unexplored in animals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Therefore, this study was proposed to investigate the presence of MAP by indirect ELISA (iELISA), a...
Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Rizwan2,3*, Tanveer Ahmad4, Muhammad Kashif5, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ali6, Asghar Abbas7, Safder Imran8, Sidra Saher9, Syeda Fakhra Waheed10
...ce of prevailing various infectious and non-infectious diseases in domestic animals under field conditions. For this purpose, study area was all tehsils of district Khushab and study population were all domestic animals. Diseases were diagnosed based on history of diseased animal, signs and symptoms, post-mortem findings, biochemical, and cultural characterization. Occurrence of significant trans-boundary animal diseases (TA...
Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1
...r in the transmission of infectious diseases, once it leads to changes on migration patterns and dispersal of birds, as resting and feeding points become scarcer resulting in agglomeration of different species. One pathogen of greatest importance that may be dispersed by birds are the coronaviruses (CoVs). Despite its relevance and complexity, studies on the detection and genetic characterization of these viruses are scarce, especially in South American wild b...
Eman S Ramadan, Mohamed E Ali, Mohamed A Elkhiat
...ction involved in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Twelve cats were enrolled in this study. Cats were admitted to small animal hospital, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University. Cats were classified into six apparently healthy cats as a control group and six clinically diseased cats. All cats were exposed to clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, serum biochemical analysis as well as rapid feline infectious
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3
...sitic diseases (30.16%), infectious diseases (21.84%), general systemic states (20.12%), digestive disorders (18.55%), gyneco-obstetrical diseases (4.37%), and surgical cases (3.06%) were recorded as major clinical problems, with other diseases having a prevalence of less than 1% for each. Among the ten categories, the prevalence of parasitic diseases, infectious diseases, general systemic states, and digestive disorders was...
Safika1*, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari1, Juliadi Ramadhan2
Hemayet Hossain1, Md. Masud Parvej1*, Khadiza Akter Brishty3, Muhammad Ali4, Junayed Ahmed4, Asibul Hasan4, Rubel Miah4, Md. Piplu Mia4, Saad Muhammad Rafe-Ush-Shan4, Md. Nazmul Alam4 and Md. Zahidul Islam Khan2
...tious and non-infectious diseases and disorders (IND) in ruminants throughout the year 2021 in Bangladesh. A total of 755 selected clinical cases were recorded, of which 450 were cattle and 305 were goats, respectively. The selected clinical cases were diagnosed through anamnesis, physical examination, clinical signs, gross pathology or postmortem examination, and clinical examination using common laboratory techniques. A total of 28
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...e of virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has resulted in substantial economic losses in Pakistan despite mass and intense vaccination regimens. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on sustainable food security around the globe, including Pakistan. This disease damages the bursa of Fabricius (BF), which causes im...
Characterization and Molecular Detection of Tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus Infecting Tomato in Egypt
Hayam S. Abdelkader1; Gamalat M. Allam1; T. A. Moustafa2; and M. El-Hanunady2
...the production of mature infectious virus particles underlining the conclusion that a full infection cycle was completed in this system. Both the structural viral proteins nucleoprotein (N) and the envelope glycoproteins GI and G2 and the nonstructural viral proteins NSs and NSm were accumulated to amounts sufficient for detection and cytopathological analysis. Electron micrograph of the virus showed that it is quasi-spherical and its diameter ranges from 80 t...
Tanvir Ahmed1, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy1Shubash Chandra Das1*, Khan Md. Shaiful Islam2, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Sukumar Saha3
Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman
...-align: justify;">Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats and has a high mortality rate. The study finds out the prevalence of FIP in cats over Dhaka City Corporation. From October 2022 to December 2022, 479 cats were investigated at the Care and Cure Veterinary Clinic in Dhaka. The study showed that approximately 3% (15/479) of cats had feline ...
Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah
...s disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease made Malaysia implemented a Movement Control Order (MCO) as a preventive measure towards the spread of the virus. Malaysia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in agriculture sector (2020) is 7.4 per cent, the percentage growth of this sector declined 2.2 per cent from 2.0 per cent in the previous year. The declination of the growth may be related with performance of extension agent during the pandemic due to 1st MCO...
Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2
.../b> bronchitis caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important disease of poultry. The disease has remained a serious threat to the world poultry industry since its discovery in 1931. The virus mainly affects the respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems. Multiple serotypes of IBV have emerged due to the high rate of mutation and genetic recombination, which has made it difficult to control the disease. ...
Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1
...atment and management of infectious pathogens, many antimicrobial and antifungal substances were previously found from synthetic and natural sources. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the compounds coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, essential oils, lectin, polypeptides, and polyacetylenes are present in medicinal plants. These bioactive chemicals serve as a foundation for the creation of antibiotics that are utilized...
Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2*
...ed genetic changes in an infectious RABV particle dictates in-vivo studies. ...
Mai M. Dawood*1, Mohamed Fawzy2 and Mohamed S. Elshahidy3
Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li
...tify;">Outbreaks of calf infectious diarrhea caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine rotavirus (BRV), and bovine coronavirus (BCV) have increased calves morbidity and mortality in Hebei Province. To detect these three pathogens simultaneously, we designed specific primers based on the conserved gene sequences of the three pathogens available in GenBank. After optimization of the reaction conditions and system, we successfully established a novel m...
Yanmei Wang1,2, Haoyun Li1, Lijuan Han1 and Wenkui Wang1*
...f the most causes of non-infectious death in broiler industry worldwide. The macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and related protein and gene expressions in its downstream signal pathways need to be studied to explore the mechanism of MIF participating in PH. In this study, 4-5 weeks broilers with clinical PH were collected as experimental (PH) group, while the healthy broilers were taken as control group. The related mRNA expression levels were deter...
Lessons to Learn from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Advances in mRNA Vaccines Against Viral Diseases
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...effective way to prevent infectious viral diseases is through vaccination. The use of mRNA technology in vaccine development has proven to be a highly effective approach that can be utilized to rapidly develop vaccines against infectious viral pathogens. This technology has the potential to revolutionize vaccine development, offering a more efficient and cost-effective approach that can be tailored to specific viral strains....
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.A. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1, Basma Hamdy2, Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3
...) plants were grafted by infectious blind eye from Fig latent virus (FLV) infected plants. Infected and healthy plants were foliar sprayed with nanochitosan (ChNPs), biomagic (BM) or combination (ChNPs and BM). Microtome and ultrathin sections were carried out on healthy and infected treated fig leaves. The shoot length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight were determined. Biochemical markers as indicators for systemic acquired resistance; total proteins, salicyli...
Shawki, Khaled K.; Carter, M.J.; Alnashar, Nariman M., El-Farrashl, Mohamed A. and Taher, Sahar
... account for the bulk of infectious gastroenteritis in adults worldwide. Although Norovirus gastroenteritis is self-limiting, the economic burden of infection is considerable and uncontrolled manifestations can result in death. Noroviruses form an antigenically diverse group of agents and cross-reactive immunity is poor. These features present a considerable challenge for vaccine development. Current approaches have been based on the use of empty virus-like pa...
Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.
...vaccination programs for infectious viral disease (IBD) were compared in broiler chicken with maternal immunity, placed in tow farms, A and B. IBD immune complex vaccine was administered by subcutaneous route, at the hatchery into chicks of farm A at age of I day. On farm B, the attenuated intermediate plus live IBD vaccine was given via drinking water at the age of day. The vaccine uptake was monitored via serology, bursal indices and effect of the two vaccin...
Ashraf M. Metwally*, Ausama A. Yousif*k , Iman B. Walaa A. Attia M. Samy * , and Ismail M. Reda *
Abou zead, A.A., Ali, A.A.H.*and Abd El Hkeem M.M.
Seham A. El-Zeedy1, Dalia A. Abd El-Moaty1, H. A. Hussein2 and M. A. Shalaby2
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
...n of severe outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) among vaccinated chicken flocks during the period 2002-2003 revealed that all IBDV outbreaks occurred at 18-33 days of age. 70% (21/30) of these outbreaks characterized by typical clinical signs and gross lesions. The mortality rates in these flocks ranged between 9.4-12.8 % (average 11.1%); 16.4-30 % (average 23.2 %) and 12-23.5 % (average 17.75 %) in commercial broilers. commercial layer replacem...
Musaad A. Al-Dubaib
...sly, as the infection is infectious and one case on a farm can spread the infection easily to the rest of the animals. Therefore, farms should be tested for infection and positive animals are to be discarded under a national control program....
Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain
... veterinary medicine and infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, and parasitic), in contrast to the heavily regulated field of the development of medical devices (which include AI) in human medicine. When introducing such potent technology that might affect the welfare of both humans and animals, we must acknowledge the significance of exercising prudence and accountability. As veterinary experts, it is therefore our responsibility to hold ourselves responsible...
Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2
... large-scale outbreak of infectious illnesses, which posed difficulties for the sector. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in various broiler farms located in the Quetta district, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the E. coli isolates to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 150 samples from a variety of sources (cecum, feed, bedding, water, air, and flies; n = 25 each) were collected from five di...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
Waseem Abbas1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Abubakar3, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro1, Neluma Wali2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi1, Azhar Ali Laghari4, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rani Wagan1 and Mehkar Hussain5
...losis is one of the most infectious and zoonotic diseases of livestock. Experiments were conducted on serum of yak, zo and cow from Gilgit and Nagar districts of Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis were recorded during this study. Confirmation of Brucella abortus in serum was carried out using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Seroprevalence at district Gilgit was recor...
Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3
...mum of three species: an infectious agent and two host organisms, which can either be humans or animals. They can spread directly through contact with diseased animals, such as rabies, and through bites, or indirectly through exposure to contaminated surroundings and contaminated food. Vectors, such as mosquitoes or ticks, play a role in the transmission of diseases like West Nile fever and Lyme disease, respectively. Several factors impact diseases caused by ...
Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat
...al health by eradicating infectious diseases. Yet ongoing research on vaccines is crucial for addressing persistent infections including the challenging ones like malaria and tuberculosis and exploring their potential applications in non-infectious conditions like Alzheimer’s. Traditional vaccines such as: live attenuated and inactivated have long been treated as effective against infectious
SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1
...rial strains involved in infectious cases and relationship with age, gender and social status of patients was determined. Results of the study revealed that 61% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli, other contributing pathogens were Staphylococcus spp. (24%), Klebsiella spp. (9%), Proteus spp.(4%) and others (2%). Out of 85 samples (march-june 2015), 48(56%) were from females and 37(44%) from males. Samples were categorized into five age categories ag...
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3
...ed against proteinaceous infectious particles (causing many transmissible neuro-diseases). These epigenetical agents have been a source of concern for our planet regarding food safety issues (e.g. infected meat). No doubt, man has made significant achievements in effective and neo-antimicrobials research, one wonders why not a single infectious agent has been completely knocked out. Our group has been focusing on ascertainin...
Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3
...inflammatory reaction of infectious, traumatic or toxic origin of the mammary gland tissue. It is a common pathology in dairy cows and of economic importance in the dairy industry worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the microorganisms that cause subclinical bovine mastitis and their frequency in the Biblián-Ecuador canton. One thousand four hundred and forty mammary quarters were analyzed, coming from 360 Holstein cows in milk producti...
Khial Badshah and Zakaullah
...ied out studies on the infectious wilting (Fusariosis) in basil. The plants in the nursery were found severely attacked by a species of Fusarium causing longitudinal stripes on the stem and chlorotic spots on leaves which wilt and fall prematuiely. The pathogen was found to invade the plants through injured roots. Plant debris, infected young transplanting mateiial and seeds served as source of infection. The pathogen proved specific to...
Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1*
...ositive. for SARS-CoV-2 (infectious group) and 18 were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (non-infectious), were recruited in this study during the period from February to September 2022 at Al-Hussein. Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Endotracheal aspirate samples were collected for the presence of microbes, using traditional cultivation methods along with antibiotic susceptibility testing for cultivated microbes. Us...
Md. Nazrul Islam1*, Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury3’
... for the introduction of infectious prion protein in the cattle population of Bangladesh. Scrapie was never prevalent in Bangladesh and offal’s, slaughtered waste do not use in the animal feed industry. Therefore, risk from the internal challenge was also negligible. Finally, it was concluded that, introduction of PrPsc into cattle population via animal importation was very negligible. ...
Camilo Romero Núñez1, Galia Sheinberg Waisburd2, Alberto Martin Cordero3, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Ariadna Flores Ortega4, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez5
...oblems spreading several infectious diseases, such as papulonodular dermatoses, Lyme disease, and viral encephalitis, or cause parasite-induced abortion. Because of the risk, they represent measures to control their spread, such as restricting global trade and sporting events. Therefore, the efficacy of fluralaner was evaluated against ticks in horses. Horses were treated with fluralaner 25 mg/kg. Most of the ticks were found on the ears (55.63%), the head (23...
Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*
...eveloping and reemerging infectious diseases (EIDs), “One Health” calls on health scholars and practitioners working at the interfaces between humans, animals, and the environment to collaborate. More and more people are realising that effective EID management and mitigation require a One Health strategy that emphasises inter-disciplinary collaboration. However, this kind of One Health strategy must address certain ethical, legal, and socially and ...
Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*
...D) is an emerging highly infectious and economically important transboundary disease of cattle, which was endemic in many African countries but now has spread to the Middle East and Southeast Asia, including Bangladesh. Recently, LSD has become widely spread in Bangladesh after the ever first occurrence in the last quarter of 2019. It is of high importance to know the prevalence of LSD for learning the scenario of the disease and the factors affecting the prev...
Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10
...fy;">Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease of protozoan origin infecting wide range of domesticated animals and poses significant threat to human population as well. Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted to ruminants through ingestion of oocytes-contaminated herbage. The purpose of the current study was to report prevalence and access the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. A total of 652 specimens of blood were taken from 9 regions situated within the jur...
Dipa Rani Pal*, Injamamul Haque Rasel, Tarun Chandra Mondal, Mohammed Lalmoddin Mollah and Shampa Rani
... pathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broiler chicken of Barishal region in Bangladesh. A total of 45 broiler farms of Barishal division were observed for the determination of infectious bursal disease (IBD) during the period of 1st July 2023 to 30th June 2024. Based on history and postmortem pathological lesions the overall prevalence of IBD was 15.10%. The major pathological lesions observed in this s...
Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi
...immune responses against infectious bronchitis. For this purpose, a total of 250 one-day-old Ross308 broilers were randomly allotted five treatments with two replicate pens of 25 birds per pen. Different treatments regimens were practiced where G1 chicken were orally inoculated with E. coli at a dose of 0.5 ml containing 7.5x106 CFU/ml and were treated with bacteriophage (3.2×108PFU/g) through feeding. In the G2 group, chicken were orally inoculated with...
Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*
... (ND) is one of the most infectious and lethal infections in poultry attributed by severe economic losses and undermining poultry well-being. The ND can cause high mortalities in all types of poultry nevertheless of vaccination status, indicating breakthrough infections. In order to investigate the nature and dynamics of these breakthrough infections, samples were collected from infected flocks with existing clinical signs of the disease. Attempts to isolate, ...
Javeria1,2*, Mudasser Habib1,2 and Muhammad Salahuddin Shah1,2
...minant (PPR) is a highly infectious viral disease affecting mainly small ruminants i.e. sheep and goats. It exerts socioeconomic impacts on livestock in the developing countries. The current study was designed to investigate the genetic relationships of the PPRV strains circulating in some districts of Punjab, Pakistan after detecting by PCR. Samples showing definite clinical signs, were collected from reported disease outbreaks and subjected to RT-PCR based o...
Ahmed E. Orbano1, Mohsen El Dimerdash1, Mohamed Abaza2, Ali Zanaty3, Mohamed Rady3, Mohamed H. Nemr3, Wael K. Elfeil1*
...castle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis (IB) are the most economically significant illnesses impacting the poultry sector worldwide, including Egypt. Also, infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) may cause massive financial losses. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence and co-infection dynamics of some viral etiological agents of respiratory problems in chicken flocks in Egypt from 2020 to 2021. Samp...
Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1
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Effect of Withania Somnifera Supplement on Thyroid Gland Hormones, Body Weight, Body Temperature and Thyroglobulin in Males Rabbits Induced with Hypothyroidism
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