Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...ld, and is maintained in avian reservoirs and amplified by pigs. The occasional spill-over of the virus into humans results in more than 60 000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case fatality rates. The main vectors preferably feed on livestock and breed in rice fields, and the majority of cases subsequently occur in rural areas. This review lists the risks of emergence of diseases due to the on-going urbanization, with especial focu...
El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
...ced endemic outbreaks of avian influenza viruses (AIV) of subtype H5N1 in poultry since 2008. Since then, these viruses continue to evolve. In 2006-2008, outbreaks were reported mostly during the winter season, but in 2009-2012 they occurred year round. H5N1 AIV succeeded in infecting not only domesticated birds but also many other avian species and mammals. Infections of humans were accompanied by mutations in the hemagglut...
Hanqin Shen1,3, Boliang Wu1,2, Guangwei Li1, Feng Chen1, Qingbin Luo1,3, Yimin Chen1, Qingmei Xie1,2,3*
.......
Qin Zhao1,2, Yani Sun1,2, Gaiping Zhang1,3, Frederik Widen4, En-Min Zhou1,2,*
Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Shahid Mehmood2, Jibran Hussain2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2, Yassar Abbas3, Muhammad Akram2
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
... diseases including avian influenza (AI). Biosecurity measures, controlling poultry movements and inactivated vaccines were devised to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) H5N1. HPAIV are highly susceptible to all disinfectants because they are enveloped viruses. Disinfection against avian influenza viruses at the poultry farms would significan...
Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2
...linical manifestation of avian influenza. Serum collected from 120 birds was tested for antibodies against H9N2 by using Haemagglutination Inhibition assay. Calculated geometric mean titers of 5.37 revealed the infectivity of the flock with H9N2 Influenza virus. To investigate the presence of virus in the study population, trachea, lung and intestine tissue samples were processed for RNA isolation and subjected to molecular detection of H9 gene of H9N2 subtype...
Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan
...negatively affecting the avian immune response facilitating the secondary infection. Many reports take into account the genotypic and pathogenic characterization of H9N2 in avian species. However little is known about the impact of different strains on the innate immune response. In the present study, using quantitative real-time PCR, cytokines gene expression were examined in response to infection with two strains of Egypti...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2*
...ext-align: justify;">The avian lymphoid leukosis is caused by various avian retroviruses which induce a variety of benign and malignant neoplasm in domestic chickens with subsequent economic losses to poultry industry. Effected birds show lymphocyte tumor, abnormal proliferation and series of tumors in connective tissues and other visceral organs. To evaluate the status of lymphoid leukosis virussubgroup A (ALV-A) infection ...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...ify;">The low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) subtype H9N2 are highly prevalent in the Middle East and are causing economic losses in the commercial poultry production sectors. Due to potential of H9N2 infections in human, LPAI H9N2 poses serious public health risk. Therefore, development of new potent and cost-effective influenza vaccines is urgently needed to safeguard poultry and to contain zoonosis. The primary goal of this study was to develop ...
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
... disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza viruses (AIVs) H5N1 are endemic in Egypt and extensive vaccinations are being applied for chicken flocks, which have maternal derived antibodies (MDA) for these viruses. To understand the interference of maternal derived immunity impact of maternal derived immunity interference in vaccination regimen in poultry, a total of one hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were vaccinated with LaSota. A group of chicks (n=40...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...tify;">A surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan was carried out from April 2013 through September 2014. Pooled morbid material and fecal samples from 600 different locations across the region were analyzed for isolation. Isolation was carried out on embryonated chicken eggs. Identification of H protein was undertaken through hem agglutination Inhibition (HI) test while N typing was done using reverse transcripta...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...ion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain H5N1 in 2006 in Egypt caused severe economic losses for both commercial and backyard poultry production sectors. Owing to public health risk, effective control of the virus in imperative. DNA vaccination is a promising new approach for the prevention and treatment of many viral diseases because of its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinan...
Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4
...gn: justify;"> H9N2 avian influenza viruses are currently endemic in Pakistan and outbreaks are continuously being reported with high morbidity, drop in egg production and reduced weight gain. Besides economic losses to the poultry industry, these viruses pose a significant threat to public health. Owing to significant involvements of neuraminidase (NA) gene in virus pathobiology by mediating virus entry and release, the present study was conducted to det...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
...with enteric diseases in avian species, causing decreased growth performance and mortality. In this study, 59 pools of intestinal content of layers, broilers, and breeders were investigated from different Brazilian regions for the presence of rotavirus (RVA, RVD, and RVF), avian coronavirus (ACoV), and avian astrovirus (AAstV), using PCR reactions followed by nucleotide sequencing and anal...
Mohsan Ullah Goraya1,2, Liaqat Ali1,2 and Iqra Younis3
...ing in host responses to avian viral infection and their impact in health and disease. ...
Rabia Tahir1*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-u-Rehman Khan2, Farah Khan1, Hassan Bin Aslam1 and Arslan Mehboob3
... transmission pattern of avian adenovirus serotype 4 (AAV-4) causing hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) by transovarian route. For this purpose, liver and spleen samples (n=90) were collected from day-old-chicks derived from breeders at 14, 21 and 30 days of post-infection with AAV-4. The presence of AAV-4 DNA was detected through PCR. Chicks from virus-challenged breeders failed to show a clear and expected PCR positivity. The connotations derived from these fin...
Faiz Muhammad1,*, Syed Khurram Fareed1, Urooj Zafar1, Taseer Ahmed Khan2 and Aqeel Ahmad1
...oplasmas (5 species from avian origin and 3 other mycoplasmas species) but it produced only the genus specific band. The optimized ratio of tPCR primers were 1: 1: 10: 1. For Outer F, Inner R, and Inner F and Outer R, respectively. MgCl2 concentration did not affect and added at 2.0 mM. Four different culture methods were compared for their efficiency for avian mycoplasmas culture. The B method (parts of trachea) ...
Saba Khalid*, Muhammad Saddique Awan, Riaz Aziz Minhas, Nasra Ashraf, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed, Nuzhat Shafi and Sajid Abassi
...ution and habitat use of avian fauna of Rawalakot city and its surrounding was studied from March 2006 to February 2007. The study area is situated in the center of district Poonch. For the convenience of data collection the study area was divided into six study sites; systematic surveys were conducted at each site. Direct sighting and indirect evidences were collected from all these sites. Seventy eight bird species were recorded that belonged to 34 families ...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...> West Nile Virus (WNV), avian pox virus (APV) etc. in rural and urban areas. To mitigate these problems study was conducted by using binary mixtures of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticides i.e., bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, triazophos, spinos...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...from a suspected case of avian infectious bronchitis from commercial poultry. Initially the isolated IB-virus was characterized by RFLP using enzymes Alu I, Hae III, BstYI and XcmI. On the basis of its distinct RFLP pattern from other known IBV vaccine strains, the isolate was named as KU145467_NARC/786_Pakistan_2013 (also named as Pak-786) was subjected to Spike gene sequencing covering the amino-terminus region of 01 to 974 base pairs. The S protein sequence...
Ligia Neves Scuarcialupi, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra, Julia Rosas Hochheim, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Fabio Gregori*
...nteritis and diarrhea in avian species, resulting in negative impact on egg and poultry production. The objective of this work was to detect and characterize Rotavirus F (RVF) and G (RVG) found in Brazilian commercial avian farms. A total of 97 intestinal contents was collected between 2008 and 2015 from 10 Brazilian states, and submitted to two different RT-PCR, targeting a fragment of viral VP6-coding nucleotide sequence o...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
...onotic highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.2.1 has recently diversified into two distinct genetic subclades (2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) in Egypt. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Egypt; 5202 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from live/dead birds, including commercial and backyard flocks, in five different locations in Egypt between the years of 2015 and 2016. All samples were screened usi...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...s diversity index of the avian community (H’)during the study period was 3.88. Using the Berger-Parker dominance value, we found the most abundant species was House sparrow (Passer domesticus), followed byOriental turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis), Peaceful Dove (Geopelia striata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)and Red collared dove(Streptopelia tranquebarica).The threatened status of birds given in the checklist...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...ermine the prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes (AIV H9, AIV H7 and AIV H5) in non-vaccinated wild and domesticated bird species across Pakistan. During January-December 2013, in total 700 samples were collected from different species of non-vaccinated birds inhabiting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...for the survival rate of avian nests. We monitored nesting attempts of the “Vulnerable” brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) to compare microhabitat characteristics of successful and unsuccessful nests in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2014 except for 2008. Forty (62.5%) of the 64 nests that we monitored were successful. Successful nest sites had greater tree cover, incre...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,*
...e stress and toxicity in avian TD. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks were equally distributed into three groups: Control, Thiram (50 mg/kg/d) and SM (10 mg/kg/d) treated. Results showed that thiram caused lameness, decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the serum along with decrease in level of antioxidant enzymes and significantly increase in the MDA ...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...ero-prevalence report of avian influenza (H5) in broilers in these districts of the province. Necessary measures are required to overcome the situation and improve vaccination and hygiene.
... 
Muhammad Moosa Abro1, Ali Murtaza Dharejo2, Muhammad Munif Khan2, Nadir Ali Birmani2, Saima Naz2*
Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan.
Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3
Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
...Keti Bunder. To know the avian dominance and
diversity of Keti Bunder; we carried out at dawn and dusk in winter season (November, 2015 to February, 2016),
using direct and indirect methods. During the survey, total of 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.
Dominance (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity Index (H&rs...
diversity of Keti Bunder; we carried out at dawn and dusk in winter season (November, 2015 to February, 2016),
using direct and indirect methods. During the survey, total of 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.
Dominance (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity Index (H&rs...
Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1
Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...broilers chicken against avian influenza virus infection....
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
..., and the NMDS plot, the avian assemblages of Sidi Reghis Mountain varied significantly between different habitats. Further, SIMPER test indicated that six of the seven species were responsible for the mean of 50% of dissimilarity between sampled habitats. The dissimilarity between pine woodlands and mixed oak-pine forests was about 50%, in general, and produced by differences in abundance of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, European Serin Serinus...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...for NDV and negative for avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon partial F gene sequencing. Partial F gene sequencing revealed that all tested isolates harbor a cleavage site with multi basic amino acid 112KRQKR/F117 characteristic of velogenic strains. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of all tested strains within sub-genotype VIg. Three isolates we...
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
...vention and treatment of avian influenza. Currently, this gene is more studied in poultry, and studies in wild birds are rare. To understand the antiviral site of the Myxovirus-resistance (Mx) protein in the evolution of different wild birds, 10 wild bird species, including Anas formosa, Anas crecca, Anas strepera, Mergus squamatus, Accipiter nisus, Buteo hemilasius, Buteo lagopus, Passer montanus, Psi...
Muhammad Rehan1, Asim Aslam1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Muhammad Abid2, Shakeel Hussain3, Javeria Umber4, Ahsan Anjum1 and Altaf Hussain2*
... disease (ND), caused by avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) is an important disease of avian species and continuously cause outbreaks in commercial poultry throughout the world. Despite intensive vaccination, ND is endemic in Pakistan and locally known as Ranikhet. Wild birds are considered natural reservoirs of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and some common resident or migratory wild birds are associated with outbreaks of ND in ...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...s (TLRs), cytokines, and avian β-defensins (AvBDs). Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, thiram has been used to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the chickens were injected with different doses of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) proteins. We explored the responses of HDPs in erythrocytes to thiram-induced TD and rGSTA3 protein by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The ...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
... the H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus in 2011, the virus has distributed rapidly and widely in different poultry sectors in Egypt causing severe economic losses and the problematic situation in poultry production especially with a co-infection with other circulating pathogens. In this study, 1026 confirmed positive H9N2 cases by RT-PCR out of 23182 different examined samples of different species and sectors in Egypt, with a prevalence rate 4.4% by the...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
... the H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) in 2011, the virus has been distributed rapidly and widely in different Egyptian poultry sectors causing severe economic losses and the problematic situation in poultry production especially with a co-infection with other circulating pathogens. In this study, a total of 23182 cloacal and tracheal samples were collected from suspected cases between 2015 and 2016 and submitted to the Reference laboratory o...
Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan
...ion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 in November 2016 in Egypt, it caused severe economic losses for both the commercial and backyard poultry production sectors. The aim of this work is to study the Situation and molecular characterization of HPAIV (H5N8) in backyard poultry production sector in Egypt. In this study, a total of 7505 samples of tracheal swabs representing 1180 backyard poultry flocks were collected based on the surveillan...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1, Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
... and low-pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza viruses are presently endemic in Pakistan and repeated outbreaks are continuously being reported with high mortality in poultry and non-poultry avian species. In this study, five AAvV-1s have been pathotyped and genetically characterized from vaccinated birds collected between 2013-14. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi with high simil...
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,*
...We linked cover types to avian species richness, evenness, and Shannon’s diversity using a stepwise linear regression model and regressions of proportions of cover types at different spatial scales. We recorded 109,026 sightings comprising 94 species, and found that avian diversity indices were positively influenced by the presence of open water, farmland, and alkaline marsh, and negatively by human settlement; and in ...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
...ticularly low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2, which can bring exceptional abatement in trade of poultry products in endemic countries such as Pakistan. The current study was conducted to evaluate the infectious and antigenic potential of three different AIV (A/H9N2) variants isolated from commercial, backyard poultry and fancy birds (partridge). Commercial broiler birds were infected experimentally at the dose of 106 EID50 ...
Khaled Kaboudi*
...justify;">Low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtype virus is considered among important respiratory pathogens in poultry worldwide. It was isolated from many species of domestic and wild birds. Infection in commercial poultry flocks causes important economic losses, related to high mortality, decrease in animal performance and aggravation of infection by other pathogens. Although H9N2 is endemic in many regions of the world, such as Middle East and North Afr...
Hamoudi Naoual1, Alloui Nadir2*, Barberis Abdelhak2 and Boudaoud Amine2
... the first source of the avian influenza virus (AIV) introduction. In 2016, following the first official detection of the H9N2 subtype circulation in broiler flocks in Eastern Algeria, a preliminary descriptive study is conducted to identify and enumerate in wetland areas, migratory bird species, known to carry the AIV. The Anatidae population peaked in January 2017 with a total of 8064 birds. The 6 frequent species observed are: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), ...
Md. Sahidur Rahman
Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...coronavirus originate in avian species. Domestic animals also play a critical role in disease transmission as they are found seropositive against different coronaviruses. At least seven coronaviruses are known to have been spilled over from animal to human. SARS-CoV-2 is the recent one that showed pneumonia-like syndrome named COVID-19. It was assumed that SARS-CoV-2 was initially a spillover from bats due to its genomic similarity with Bat-CoV-RaTG13, where p...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...ponds was carried out on avian diversity and its services of composition in relation to vegetation distribution to understand their biodiversity. Four natural ponds and one man-made pond were surveyed at three locations viz. Ludhiana (location I), Ropar (location II) and Ferozpur (location III) falling in three agro climatic zones. A total of 51 bird species belonging to 31 families and 15 orders were recorded from studied locations. A diverse range of vegetat...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
...septicum (MG) causes avian mycoplasmosis and is only controlled through mass vaccination. Antibody response of birds to inactivated MG vaccine is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutaneous: 0.3ml) with G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV (New castle Disease Virus) and O-MG vaccines, respectively. Serum samples were collected on 21, 28 and 35 days post vaccination for anti-MG-ELISA antibody titer. Cumulativ...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
Muhammad Bilal Anwar1, Mirza Azhar Beg1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1*, Syed Israr Shah1, Sajida Noureen2,
Muhammad Mushtaq1 and Tariq Mahmood3
.../i>) are different sized avian predators coexisting in the Wildlife Park Lohi Bher, Rawalpindi district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. These crepuscular and nocturnal owls are the least studied group of birds in northern regions. In this study, we compared seasonal differences in the diet of three owl species in an uncultivated area with rapid urbanization all around to better understand their ecological significance. Regurgitated pellets of three owl spe...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Ying Wang1, Ding Zhang1, Yu-hai Bi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,Qian-qian Cheng1 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
Tariq Mahmood1*, Luqman Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Naeem2
...g about 13% of the world avian diversity, Indian sub-continent has approximately more than 2060 species of birds. In Pakistan, there are more or less 660 bird species belonging to 23 orders and 74 families. The abundance and diversity of avian species in a specific habitat can serve as a useful measure of their ecological status. In response to land use changes, 20-25% of pre-agricultural birds have vanished. In the current ...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
......
Walaa Abd El-Fatah S. Metwally1, Ismail M. Reda2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2, Mohamed Abd El-Khalek Ali2
...>...
Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc
...estigate the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) antibodies. The migratory birds were classified into (8) orders, (16) families and (23) species. The serum samples were examined using IDEXX MultiS-screen AI Antibody ELISA kit coated with AIV nucleoprotein and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test against H5 and H9 antigens. The overall results using both ELISA and HI tests revealed that the prevalence of AIV antibodies was 12.6% (18/143). The seropositive ...
Sherif .M. Ibrahim*, Abd El-Razek. B. Abd El-Razek*. Hanan. M. El-Zahed Amal. A. Fatouh* and Ayatollah. I. Ibrahim*
Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar
...W). Then the inactivated avian influenza (AI) H5N1 vaccine was inoculated intra-muscularly either at the 1st, 2nd or 3rd WPV with CAV vaccine forming three subgroups per each group. It is clearly observed that a relatively high levels of CAV ELISA antibody titers in all the vaccinated chicken subgroups at 4th WPV with either DW or S/C CAV vaccine indicating that the two CAV vaccines were immunogenic; Also, by measuring H5N1 HI titers within the 6 weeks post va...
Amany Adel1, Abdelsatar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2 and Ahmed El-Sanousi 2
...ansmit between different avian species. PL motif ESEV was found in 6 isolates from chicken and ducks circulating in such population whereas 17 viruses have ESKV similar to those reported in human in 2006. Based on NS1 sequence analysis of the H5N1 Egyptian viruses, neither geographic nor species signature were reported. This study indicates independent evolution of NS1 gene in Egyptian viruses that is not related to HA gene grouping....
Serageldeen Sultan1, Nabila Osman2
...ort on the prevalence of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) among chicken flocks in Egypt. A total of 510 serum samples were collected from broiler breeder (n=191), layer breeder (n=235) and commercial broiler chickens (n=84) from different farm flocks (24 flocks) in Egypt. These samples were examined for the presence of avian HEV antibody using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA)....
Ehab M. El-Nahas1, Hemat S. El-Sayed2, Sawsan S. El-Basuni3, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1
...p>...
Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden
Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
...y of vaccination against avian influenza in early age in chicks.
Methods: Eight groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were kept in isolators along the whole
period of the study. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were vaccinated with the prepared vaccine; group 4, 5 and 6 were
vaccinated with one of the imported reassortant H5N1 containing 300 HAU at 1, 5 and 10 days of age;
respectively. Groups 7 and 8 were positive an...
Shimaa M. Mansour, Reham M. ElBakrey, Ahmed Orabi, Haytham Ali, Amal A. Eid
...lecular investigation of avian reovirus infection in broiler chickens with
availability of Vertical Transmission
Methods: Herein, 18 chickens derived from 4 broiler flocks within Sharkia Province, Egypt suffering
from different degrees of lameness and/or stunting were clinically and molecularly examined for the
presence of ARV.
Results: By clinical examination, one third (6/18) of examined chickens sh...
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
...timal antigen content of avian influenza virus
vaccines is urgent to reach protective antibody titers and reduce virus shedding.
Methods: Groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were divided in to 8 groups 1, 2 and 3 were
vaccinated with a prepared vaccine contain 500HAU of H5N1 reassortant antigen; while group 4, 5 and 6
were vaccinated with an imported reassortant vaccine with 500HAU antigen content of ...
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
...this recent isolation of avian influenza (AI) viruses denoted clearly
that the evolution of H5N1 HPAI viruses in Egypt continues to occur in poultry farms. The subclade
2.2.1.2 of classical HPAI viruses has been the dominant cluster till now. So, continuous monitoring of
the circulating viruses is important for better selection of viruses in vaccine studies and to understand
the evolution of
Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Hussein A. Hussein2
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
...;">The great majority of avian species is diurnal and thus endures variation in light intensities, associated with daily, seasonal or lunar cycles. These diurnal birds search their food in light abundant environment and raise their broods in dark cavities. However their visual performance in dim light conditions is largely unknown. Here, we compared light intensity threshold of activity in two groups of passerines, i.e. secondary cavity and non-cavity n...
Rana A. Rabiea1, Mohamed Fawzy2, Mohamed H. Khodeir3 and MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2
...is (TRT) and
avian influenza (AI) that affect their populations in a dramatic form. Successful control of these viral
diseases depends on the implementation of well-designed vaccination programs using highly potent
and safe vaccines.
Aim: The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of inactivated AI
vaccine and live attenuated TRT vaccine on the immune response of turkey c...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...cerning the existence of avian influenza subtype H9N2 (AI
H9N2) in 2006 in Lebanon; a lot of pathological changes and mortalities were seen among chicken
flocks suggesting the influence of the AI H9N2 virus.
Objective: this study reports the circulation of H9N2 associated with mortalities in broiler sector and
decrease egg production in layer hens and breeders in Lebanon.
Methods: A total of 22 poultr...
Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2
Hanan Sayed1, Mohamed S. Madkour1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Mounir Mohamed Elsaft 3,
Marwa F. El saied3, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
Hanan Sayed 1, Mohamed S. Madkour 1, Hussein A. Hussein 2, Ahmed A El-Sanousi 2
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...he baseline situation of avian diversity and abundance on various land uses including the landfill at Gujranwala in northeastern Punjab, Pakistan, and understanding the impact of urban solid waste in changing bird behavior. Field observations in a variety of land uses (agriculture, forest, lake, urban and landfill) in summer 2018 using the point count method for bird census determined the baseline for 56 species (birds/10 min) indicating a significant change i...
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
... The seven clades of avian Eimeria species strongly support that E. necatrix and E. tenella were closely associated and placed in the same sister clade with high bootstrap support (98%). Our two isolates RSI and RSII showed a homology index of 99.82% (nucleotide level) and 99.47% (amino acid level) with each other. The maximum similarity percentage indicated that RSI and RSII isolates were closely related to strains reported from India...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Qian-qian Cheng1,
Raza Ali Mangi1, Ali Raza Jahejo1, Afrasyab Khan1, Yu-hai Bi1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1*
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
...ring migration timing of avian herbivores. However, studies of the green wave hypothesis have focused on species feeding intensively on above-ground primary production. To test whether a facultative grazer strictly follows the green wave, we used 16 complete tracks in time and space of spring migrating tundra bean geese (Anser serrirostris)fitted with telemetry devices from two flyways between Yangtze River Floodplain winter areas and Anadyr (Russia)/Ce...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1* and Faisal Amin2
...the future challenges of avian influenza out breaks in Pakistan....
Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2
...udy to explore the local avian fauna and to compare its composition and diversity in different habitats. Bird species were identified employing point counts method in urban area; agricultural area with small forest chunk and water body. Twenty four point counts were plotted in three well-defined locations such that each location was divided into eight concentric rings of 10 m radius from 0-50 m with an onward interval of 50 m. Thirty five
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1*, Malik Saddique Mehmood1 and Faisal Amin2
Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2
...ermine the prevalence of avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 viruses in broilers at Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 1920 samples, including each of 960 blood samples and tracheal swabs were collected from broilers and tested through hemagglutination inhibition (HI), AIV-ELISA and RT-PCR. The HI test revealed a significant (P<0.01) difference in the seroprevalence of H9 virus (40.11%), H5 virus (16.88%) and H7 virus (6.25%) respectively. The mean antibody titer agai...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
...tion of RBCs while other avian viruses avian influenza (AI), new castle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were not affected by enzymatic inductions. Therefore, the antigen prepared by phospholipase C has been found to be more effective for HI test for rapid diagnosis of IBV during infection....
Ali Ghazi Atiyah1*, Nadia Hameed Rija Al-Falahi2 and Ghazi Atiya Zarraq3
...ste biomaterials such as avian eggshell, which consider a natural source of calcium precursor. The β-CPP powder was prepared by a wet precipitation process using calcination temperature 1200 ºC for 2 h, then the scaffold was designed by using cylindrical template under specific compression pressure. Synthesis of β-CPP powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and simulat...
Sana Shakoor, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Naila Shahid, Abdul Qayyum Rao*, Aneela Yasmeen, Sana Tahir, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Ahmad Ali Shahid and Tayyab Husnain
...">The H9N2 strain of the avian influenza virus has emerged to infect poultry during the last few years. Besides antiviral treatment development of an effective vaccine to combat a high mortality rate is the need of time. As a step towards the development of the vaccine for the H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus HA gene was chosen as the immunogenic antigen because it is highly conserved among H9N2 strain of
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...dae was the most diverse avian family while Sturnidae and Corvidae were the most abundant families. From recorded 37 bird species, 29 were using the forest as habitat and 5 were air borne. Thirty-three species were resident, one summer migrant and 3 winter migrants. The multinomial analyses and principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that out of 29 species using forest as habitat; 13 were “generalists”, 6 species were “rare to class...
Muhammad Altaf1* Arshad Mahmood Abbasi2, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad3, Sadia Naseer1 and Muhammad Umair4
...virus may have jumped to avian species and evolved as Deltacoronavirus group. The avian coronaviruses jumped among other avian species, giving rise to Gammacoronavirus from Deltacoronavirus, while Betacoronavirus may have given rise to Alphacoronavirus. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to Betacoronavirus. This most similar virus is verified in bat and Malayan Pangolin. Analysis showed t...
Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1
Anis Suraya Mohamad Abir1, Sakinah Yusof1, Abd Rahaman Yasmin1,2, Abdul Rahman Omar1,3, Kok Lian Ho4, Wen Siang Tan1,5, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah1,6*
...imited compared to other avian viral infectious diseases. Therefore, this study characterised the response of chBM-DCs to infection with the wild-type (WT) FP9 strain of FWPV compared to a recombinant FWPV carrying the H5 gene of avian influenza virus (rFWPV-H5) using morphological and immunophenotypical observations. The results showed that the rFWPV-H5-infected chBM-DCs formed better dendrites and stellate cells, compared ...
Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1*
...gypt, the prevalences of avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS among cases of viral respiratory affections in broilers. Samples were collected...
Hany M.R. Elsherif1, Ahmed Orabi2, Hussein M.A. Hassan3, Ahmed Samy3*
...P<0.05) via enhancing avian influenza (H5) and Newcastle disease (ND) titers. Accordingly, OAS’s as natural feed additives could improve broiler performance and immunological state. Chicks fed SF or SP had the best productive performance, immunological status, digestive parameters, and microbiota.
Keywords | Blood parameters, Broiler chicks, Gut health, Immune status, Organic acids salts, Productive performance
...
Mohamed. E. Taha1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Ahmed I. Ahmed2, Amany Adel3, Salama Rehab4,5*, Nabila Osman2**
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1*, Khalid Mehmood2,4, Shakeel Ahmed3, Fazul Nabi4, Muhammad Arif Rizwan1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Mushtaq Ahmed1, Abdul Waheed1 and Jiakui Li5
...order of rapidly growing avian species characterized by enlarge avascular growth plate with lesions in proximal tibiotarsal bone. The aim of present study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity of FK228 and role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Flk-1 genes in thiram induced TD. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks were equally divided into 3 groups: control; thiram fed; and FK228 treatment group. Expressions of VEGF and Flk-1 genes were an...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...tify;">Despite advances, avian salmonellosis pose a major challenge to the poultry health, associated with high production losses. The study aimed to investigate the effect of oro-nasal phage delivery on bacterial population. As prophylaxis, oral phage delivery via drinking water and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least ...
Effects of Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers
Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5
... disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) antibody response, intestinal microflora, and feed efficiency of broilers. Forty-five day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into five treatments and housed under identical husbandry conditions. Antibiotic-free poultry feed was procured from a commercial feed mill. The antibiotics were mixed in the feed as per the manufacturer’s instructions and offered ad libitum to the chickens for the entire...
Seasonal Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Birds in Agricultural Landscapes of Gujrat, Pakistan
Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2
...sed seasonal patterns in avian diversity and distribution of agroforestry, urban croplands and rural croplands of Gujrat, Pakistan from April 2017 to March 2019. We randomly positioned three one km transects > 500 m apart at each sampling point in all three study sites. We conducted both morning (0500-0800 hours) and afternoon (1600-1900 hours) surveys, recording all birds seen or heard along transects to a maximum perpendicular distance of 50 m; 0.1 km2 su...
Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2
... birds are neglected for avian influenza (AI) vaccination while they are directly connected with migratory carrier birds throughout their life. Keeping in view this study was design. Four Tehsils of district Multan were selected to investigate asymptomatic backyard poultry birds for presence of AIVs. For this purpose, a total of 213 birds were randomly selected and from each bird sera, oro-pharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected in sterile container...
Ahmed H. Abed1, Ahmed Orabi2*, Wafaa Hassan3, , Enas Hammad4 , Ghada Gaber5
Sara Magdy Hashim1, Elshaimaa Ismael2, Mohamed Tarek3, Faten Fathy Mohammed1*, Fatma Amer Abdel Reheem3, Rawhia Esawy Doghaim1
...
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus causes severe economic deficit in the poultry production in Egyptian farms and has a potential intimidate for the public health, this subtype firstly was detected in Egypt in 2016 from wild birds. In the present study, samples were collected from 100 Egyptian domestic ducks of different ages from seven Egyptian governorates from period 2018 to 2020. Tissue specimens were allocated for HPAI H5N8 diagnos...
Ahmad Zaman, Azhar Rafique*, Farhat Jabeen and Tayyaba Sultana
...onducted to find out the avian diversity of district Chiniot, Pakistan. The surveys were performed from March, 2020 to February 2021 on weekly basis, using point count method for the collection of data. Naked eyes and binocular telescope (10x50) were used to count the birds and camera was used to photograph the birds. The study area was divided into two major landscapes types such as open field area (agricultural land, river Chenab sides, canals and cemeteries...
Jin-Ming Zhao1,2, Yun Fang2 and Yue-Hua Sun2*
...ing methods to determine avian nest ages in future field studies....
Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1
...c Flyway. Therefore, 738 avian samples from different regions of Brazil were subjected to a RT-Nested-PCR protocol, with primers targeting RdRp region. Positive samples were confirmed using Sanger followed by Ion Torrent S5 sequencing platforms and results were submitted to phylogenetic analysis. From total of 8 confirmed samples, 3 clustered to Deltacoronavirus genus and 5 to Gammacoronavirus. Two of those samples showed partial sequences of other regions of ...
Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Karim Gabol1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamidullah4 and Abdul Rahim1
... bulbul. Factors such as avian predation, nest destruction, heavy storm, nest failure, and the presence of potential predators are affecting the breeding success of red-vented bulbul in the area....
Fei Shang and Pengfei Liu*
...fe history parameters in avian biology, affect the probability of acquiring a mate, timing of reproduction, success in obtaining extra-pair copulation or survival. We measured biometrics in common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus among three age groups (Juveniles about 3-month old, yearlings, adults > 2 y) during autumn migration in central China. We found that body measurements changed with age, yearling males have shoretest wing length in three groups and ...
Asmaa A. M. Abdel-Ghany1, Ahmed N. El Taweel2, Yassmin Moatasim2, Nagwa S. Ata1, Amany Adel3, Ayman Hany El-Deeb4, Ahmed Kandeil2, Mohamed A. Ali2*, Hussein Ali Hussein4*
......
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
...ify;">The infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (EC) causes a great economic loss in the poultry industry. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of propolis (PR) inclusion in the diets of broiler on the immunomodulation and productive performance after challenge with EC infection. Four hundred broiler chickens (Cobb500, 1-d-old) were randomly distributed in equal numbers in 40 battery cages (10 birds per cage). Every ten cages were place...
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*
... stress persuaded by the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli threatens egg production and costs the poultry business significantly in lost revenue. This investigation was carried out to determine the beneficial effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on laying hens exposed to endotoxic shock induced by intravenously injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A total of one hundred twenty, 40-week-old, laying hens from the Hy-line breed were allocated at r...
Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Rais*, Ifrah Muddassir, Abdullah Tasib, Maria Zafar and Sumbul Gill
...;">We aimed to establish avian assemblage, bioassessment scale and to provide indices for future monitoring of birds in hiking trails, undisturbed forest and urban areas of Margalla Hills National Park, Islamabad, Pakistan. The park harbors a good assemblage of birds. As many as 12,295 individuals of 83 species (12 orders, 38 families) were recorded from the National Park. The hiking trails (74 species, 5219 individuals) were found to be more diverse followed ...
Rida Ahmad1,2*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Usman Ahmad3, Safdar Sidra4, Irfan Zainab2, Muhammad Furqan2, Aliza Batool1,2 and Zaidi Zona2
...nt research explored the avian diversity, richness, abundance and their feeding habit in selected habitats of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Gilgit Baltistan (GB). Data were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 using point count technique. Thirty points were selected from each habitat. A total of 175 species and 24,933 individuals belonging to 16 orders and 55 families were recorded. Human settlements had the highest species richness (106) while Dry Temperate ...
Misbah Ammanat1, Abdul Qadir1, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Rida Ahmad2,3, Usman Ahmad1, Irfan Zainab2 and Aliza Batool2,3
Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A2
Swagata Das Gupta1, Majharul Islam1, Towhida Kamal2,Md. Rayhan Faruque3,Md. Shohel Al Faruk4*
...parasite that causes the avian trichomonias is disease known as “canker,” which primarily affects the esophagus and upper digestive tract in pigeons.A common case of pigeon cankers was diagnosed in two pigeons 40 days of age who came to S.A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU).Clinical history indicated that the birds were taking both food and water from the same source, clini...
Ahmed Jaafar Mousa*, Nothaila Rasheed Hamid
... disease known as “avian trichomoniasis”. The complications of this illness include lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The present study’s goal would be to study the prevalence and genetic characteristics of T. gallinae in racing pigeons in Thi-Qar province, Iraq, utilizing the ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene. 100 samples were collected from racing pigeons between September and December 2022. The swabs were taken from the throat, pharynx, ...
RUBAB ZAFAR KAHLON*& IBTISAM BUTT
Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1
...gical effects of lead in avian species. ...
Mohammed M. Jassim, Mohammed R. Abduljaleel*, Zainab B. Abdulkareem, Noor H. Sanad, Ibrahim M.H. Alrashid
... the current work. After avian bone implantation and mid shaft femorus osteotomy, bone healing has been evaluated within a 22-days-period in control rabbits (n = 5) and the rabbits that have been exposed to the SMF (300 gauss) (n = 5). The healing of the bones has been assessed through the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the serial radiographs each couple of weeks. The histopathological study has been carried out as well on the osteotomized femor up...
Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3
... May 2021. In total, 139 avian species of 27,450 individuals were recorded at study sites. Results revealed that the species richness was maximum at Uchalli (133), followed by Khabbaki (92), Jahlar (88), and Ahmedabad lake (79). The Shannon Weiner index and Simpson index values for Jahlar lake, Uchalli lake, Khabbaki lake, and Ahmedabad lake were (2.99, 0.90), (2.32, 0.82), (2.26, 0.66) and (1.72, 0.51) respectively. The omnivore was the most abundant (40%) fe...
Ibrahim l , Madiha Salah and Ikuta 2, Kazuyoshi
...ecision. In Egypt, where avian influenza A virus H5Nl is now endemic and human infections are on the rise, rapid H5N1 detection in infected poultry is essential for controlling spread to human. To test the performance of two rapid influenza tests for the detection in naturally infected birds, clinical specimens from different species and organs of sick and dead birds collected during 2007 and 2009 in Egypt were tested using virus culture in embryonating chicke...
Hagag, N.M.*•, Arafa, A.*; Shalaby, M. A. ** El-Sanousi, A. A. **and Aly, M. M.
...tify;">Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A H5N1 virus, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and humans in Egypt. Since it was first recognized in 2006, the disease has become enzootic in poultry throughout Egypt and still circulates in the poultry population, so the ability to rapidly recognize AlVs in biological specimens is critical for limiting further spread of the disease in poultry. Application of molecular method...
Omarl , Dalia M.; El-Ibiaryl , Elham A.; Sadik2, Atef S.; Abdel-Ghaffar2, Mamdouh. H. and Othman2, Badawy A.
...xamined for detection of avian influenza (Al) isolates using rapid haemagglutination test (HA). It was found that, all the inoculated isolates caused high mortalities up to 100% for the embryos 24-48hrs post inoculation and gave very strong RBCs agglutination. The haemagglutination positive samples were identified and subtyped antigenically by serological tests using Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) using standard Al antisera and genetically by RT-PCR us...
Madboulyl , H. M.; Tamami , S.M.; Abd Elmoneml , A.S.; Husseinl , A.S. and Arafa2, A.M.
Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.
...to Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccines. It was also verified by an experimental very virulent IBD challenge performed at the age of 2e day in birds transferred from the farms with appropriate control groups in a laboratory. The immune response on farm A showing higher serological titer at the age of 35 day via ELISA test. Both two vaccines provide complete protection against mortality but not protection against bursal atrophy or histopathological ch...
Arafa, A ; El-Kanawaty, Z; Hassan, M.K; Anwar, H.K and Mona M.Aly
...mic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus Of subtype H5N1 affected all commercial poultry sectors as well as rural and backyard level in Egypt. This outbreak also was extended to include the zoo birds In Giza zoo. This study records the isolation and characterization of H5Nl virus from different species of the zoo birds and also studies the immune states of the vaccinated birds after application of H5Nl vaccine for the first time one month after th...
Hussein, HA; sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH and AA. El-Sanousi
... different H5Nl and H5N2 avian influenza vaccines (Reassortant H5N1 and 6 types of H5N2 vaccines) by hemaggtutination inhibition (HI) test using heterologous H5 antigen which represent non of the vaccine antigens. The samples were collected from 578 houses mostly commercial layers. H5Nl viral nucleic acid was also detected in swab samples collected from mortalities occurred in some of vaccinated birds after vaccination policy has been applied in Egypt at March...
Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty
Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty
...tify;">Highly pathogenic avian influenza (Al) H5N1 strains have been isolated during February 2006 from infected chicken located at El-Qanater El-Khiria center, Qaluobia, Eypt. These isolates were molecularly characterized and compared with those H5Nl strains isolated during January 2007 from the same locality. The strains isolated from infected chicken during 2006 were closely related to A/ty/Turkey/l/05 strain which had been isolated from turkeys in Tur...
Abd Elwanis, N.D.; Abou El Khair, M.A.; Afaf H. Amin; Azab, A. and A.O. Abd El Rahman
... from the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus A/Turky/CA/209092/02, H5N2 for the first time in Egypt. Virus strain from which the vaccine seed virus has been prepared was derived from the USDA, Ames Iowa, USA. The specific characters of this strain were studied; It was found that the best virus dilution of Al virus for egg inoculation was 10-3 to 10-4, the peak virus titer was obtained 72 hours post inoculation, the predilection sites of the virus mult...
Arafa, A.; Kanawaty, Z.; Abdclwhab. E. M.; Hassan, M.K.; and Aly M.M.
...rability of backyards to avian influenza much easier than commercial poultry farms. Avian Influenza subtype H7 was isolated from wild migratory ducks in El-Abassa Lake at El-Sharkia Governorate in 2007. To avoid repeating the scenario of H5N1 introduction to Egypt through wild migratory ducks to Egyptian poultry sectors, this prompted us to survey avian influenza in Egyptian wetlands, espe...
Rana Mohammed Ibrahim1*, Haider Mohammed Ali Al-Rubaie2
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2
... assess the diversity of avian species of insectivorous feeding guild and their foraging activities at ponds surrounded by wheat and rice crop fields. Three ponds were selected and surveyed during April 2020 to March 2021 in village Mukrabpur, district Rupnagar (pond I), village Gopalpur, district Ludhiana (pond II) and in Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) campus (pond III), district Ludhiana. Out of 67 bird species recorded 44, 47 and 46 were observed at p...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...study was carried out on avian diversity and main ecological factors occurring at Gharo Creek, district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, from April 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected both early in the morning (7:00-10:00 am) and in the evening (3:00 to 6:00 pm) by using the point count method in three main selected habitat types. A total of 112 bird species belonging to 15 orders, 40 families, and 71 genera occurring in the study area. Among the three habitat typ...
Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati
...text-align: justify;">In avian ecology, the gastrointestinal microbiome is pivotal in influencing host health, contributing to metabolic processes, and shaping ecological interactions. The escalating global significance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes within diverse microbiota components has garnered increasing attention due to its profound consequences. Recent investigations have revealed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among wild bird s...
TAHIR IQBAL1, 2, UMER RASHID1* & MUHAMMAD IDREES3, 4
Mirwaise Khan1, Rubab Maqsood1, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Shakera Sadiq Gill1, Muhammad Noman1, Rafia Akram1, Muhammad Sajid Hasni1, Haroon Rashid3 and Mamoona Chaudhry1*
... range poultry and other avian species there. Further studies are needed to identify the circulating virus genotypes, associated risk factors and required control measures....
Zhenkun Zhao1,2, Ziniu Alimo2, Xinyue Zhao2, Haifen Qin1, Buddhi Dayananda3, Lichun Jiang1,2* and Wei Chen4*
...sis. Current research of avian phylogeny should focus on adding molecular markers and taxa samples and use both effectively to reconstruct a better resolution for disputed species....
Quart ul Ain1, Arfan Ahmad1*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1 and Mamoona Chaudhry2
...ermining the efficacy of avian influenza (H9) vaccines in broiler chickens. This study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative efficacy of commercial and self-prepared AIV H9 vaccines for their potential to stop or reduce viral shedding post challenge infection (PCI) and to develop humoral immunity. A total of 5 groups A, B, C, D and E comprising of 20 broiler birds each were made. Groups A, B and C were vaccinated on 6th day of age with imported (Ivac), lo...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Umeed Khalid
...red the most destructive avian pest inflecting heavy damage to wheat and millet crop. In order to confirm this general survey of Agricultural fields around Pakistan Forest Institute, Agriculture University, Peshawar and village Serdheri (Charsadda) was conducted in the month of April-May 1998. 1x1 m3 quadrate sample was taken after every 10 m length and 2 m inside the plots with plots without trees, plot having trees on one side, trees in the whole ...
Rumisha Raza1*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Aftab Ahmed Anjum2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1 and Sehrish Firyal1*
...eads to diverse range of avian species. Among avifauna of Pakistan, Birds of prey or raptors are well-known because of their beauty and speed of flight. Falcons, hawks, kites, eagles, and vulture are common birds of prey. They are geographically widespread and common among the vertebrates. Being predatory birds, they are found on the top of food chain. Unfortunately, birds of prey are facing serious threats such as loss of habitat, pollution, poaching and inju...
Ghulam Rasool1, Ayesha Aihetasham1*, Zulfiqar Ali1* and Rida Ahmad1,2
...igned to investigate the avian richness and habitat suitability of geese species at wetlands of Punjab, Pakistan. The surveys were conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 and October 2021 to March 2022 on monthly basis using point count method. Five species of geese were recorded at the wetlands including bar-headed goose Anser indicus, with the highest number of individuals (2,701 at eleven sites) followed by greylag goose Anser anser (1,224 at nine sites),...
Ibrahim Ali1,2, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abdien1*, Wael Kamel Elfeil1, Mohsen Mohamed Zaky ElDemerdash1, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen2,3, Walid Hamdy Kilany2,3
Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*
Bioecology, Diversity and Distribution of Avian Fauna in Bajaur Valley, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Rahmat Ullah Khan* and Karim Gabol
...stify;">In Bajaur valley avian bioecology, diversity and distribution were explored in (from January to December) 2021. For the authentication and data recording, the study area was categorized into three reflective habitats (i) mountainous, (ii) agricultural, and (iii) residential. The survey was established twice a day at dawn (from 06:00 am to 11:00 am) and dusk (from 02:30 pm to 07:00 pm), respectively. Both direct observations and indirect proofs were rec...
Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2
...the low pathogenicity of avian influenza (H9N2), can have significant economic losses in poultry farms associated with other viral and bacterial infections. The purpose of this research is to study the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of the H9N2 virus during 2022. The forty tracheal samples were gathered from broiler chicken farms from 5 governorates (El-Dakahlia, El-Sharqia, Alexandria, Al-Qalyubia, and El-Gharbia) and tested using Real-Time Reverse Trans...
Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6
...ed oil in water adjuvant avian influenza vaccine (H9) in broiler chickens. Four groups of chickens were established as follow: a negative control, a positive control (vaccine only), a group receiving the vaccine with amikacin, and a group receiving the vaccine with gentamicin. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were measured to assess antibody responses in addition to performance parameters. The obtained results demonstrated a reduction in antibody levels...
Ahmed E. Orbano1, Mohsen El Dimerdash1, Mohamed Abaza2, Ali Zanaty3, Mohamed Rady3, Mohamed H. Nemr3, Wael K. Elfeil1*
Eslam Arafa1,2, Hanan M.F. Abdien1*, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen3, Emad Diab2,4, Mahmoud Assad2,5, Mohamed Tarek3, Mohsen M.Z. El-Dimerdash1, Wael K. Elfeil1
... novel strain of variant avian reovirus (ARV) that could bypass the protection conferred by traditional vaccines. Consequently, our study focused on identifying and characterizing the circulating ARV strain among various broiler flocks in Egypt. Out of 73 suspected reovirus examined samples, 23% tested positive for reovirus PCR at a fragment of 1088 base pairs using primers P1 and P4. These samples were collected from broiler flocks that originated from vaccin...
Evaluation of Oil Vaccines of Avian Influenza H5 Virus in Layer by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Hasan Muwafaq Ali*, Raed Hussain Salih Rabee
...tify;">Highly contagious avian influenza illness is caused by high-path and low-path flue viruses. Chicken vaccinations are intramuscular or subcutaneous injections that reduce illness severity and transmission. To stimulate the immune system, large-scale immunization campaigns may utilize live-attenuated vaccines. Aim of study: This research aimed to assessing the effectiveness of oil vaccines against the H5 virus of avian ...
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Humic Acid on Blood Parameters, Antioxidant Activity, Serum and Bone Minerals in Laying Hens
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J. Anim. Health Prod., Vol. 12, Issue. 4, pp. 610-620
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