Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
...netically, these strains clustered into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II isolates demonstrated central node with Nepal-2003, Bhutan-2004, Pakistani, Afghani and Iranian isolates. The O/PAK Lahore vaccine was at two mutations from central node, while HE647819 and HE647820 were cluster
Sehrish Kanwal, Ali Saeed, Muhammad Munir, Memoona Arshad
British Journal of Virology
...netically, these strains clustered into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II isolates demonstrated central node with Nepal-2003, Bhutan-2004, Pakistani, Afghani and Iranian isolates. The O/PAK Lahore vaccine was at two mutations from central node, while HE647819 and HE647820 were cluster
Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
British Journal of Virology
...netically, these strains clustered into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II isolates demonstrated central node with Nepal-2003, Bhutan-2004, Pakistani, Afghani and Iranian isolates. The O/PAK Lahore vaccine was at two mutations from central node, while HE647819 and HE647820 were cluster
Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1
...factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis, indicated that the magnitude of variability existing in the gene pool was satisfactory for initiating a breeding plan. Relative water content, cell membrane stability, osmotic adjustment and grain yield per plant were major contributors towards variability. Grain yield per plant was closely linked to relative water content, cell membrane stability and specific flag leaf area. Eight cluster
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4
...dicated that the isolate clustered with the PPMV-1 strains recently reported from Israel within subgenotype VIb. Our findings report the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egyptian pigeons and the potential role these wild birds can play in the transmission and evolution dynamics of PPMV-1....
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
...ey formed a separate sub-cluster along with recent isolates from Nepal, Bhutan and China. On genetic analyses, it appeared that the N gene of PPRV is less conserved as compared to the F gene. Two unique amino acid substitutions (K423Q and E426G) were observed in Bangladeshi and Chinese isolates in the partial sequence of N protein.The recent Bangladeshi isolates are somewhat divergent from the earlier Bangladeshi isolate, indicating that the PPRV strains in Ba...
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
...haracterization revealed clustering of the PPRV within lineage IV with significant substitutions in the nucleoprotein (NP) gene. Genetic variations within NP gene, and possibly in other proteins which are essentially mediating protective immunity, may explain the extreme infectious nature of the virus and its host-specific pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the nature of such circulating field viruses is essential to underpin the endemic potential of PPRV a...
Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa
... Mycoplasma mycoides sub-cluster which comprises Mmm and Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc). Three (3) of the 8 Mycoplasma isolates were identified as Mmm using the IS1296F/R(all) and MM450/MM451 primer sets. The 574 bp product obtained by MM450/MM451 primer set gave two fragments (379, 178 bp) on digestion with AsnI restriction enzyme further confirming the isolates. This is the first report of the isolation and molecular identification of Mmm from th...
Laila M. Fadda1, Nouf M. Al-Rasheed1, Iman H. Hasan1, Hanaa M. Ali2,3*, Nawal M. Al-Rasheed1,4, Musaed Al-Fayez5, Aly M. Ahmed5, Nada Almutlaq1, Nehal Qasem1 and Reem Khalaf1
...xpression of macrosialin cluster of differentiation (CD68). APAP elevated of most of the previously measured parameters and decreased GSH, SOD, and total protein levels. Liver sections of H&E demonstrated liver injury characterized by centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, CD68, and Bax expressions were also increased. Treatment with all the aforementioned antioxidants downregulated most of the elevated parameters compared to the APAP-treated group. Treatm...
Fida Mohammad, O.S. Abdalla, Sheraz Ahmed, Fakharuddin and S. Rajaram
...ld were explained by the cluster analysis of environments. Clustering of five test environments based on Shifted Multiplicative Model (SHMM) exposed the major role of grains spike-1 and harvest index in production of grain yield. Though the rate and distribution of rainfall during the cropping season were the main contributing factors in the varied performance across years, however, the grain yield of synthetic derived wheat...
Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi
...d 20 genotypes into five clusters at Euclidean distance (ED) 7. Cluster analysis revealed that the members of clusters I, cluster III and Cluster V diverse genotypes that should be utilised to initiate breeding program. The genotype HSF-242 was the outlier at ED 8. Out of twenty genotypes tested only five (S-03-US-694,...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...ce analysis, the isolate clustered as genotype VII closely associated to those reported from Indonesia. Further sequence analysis of hyper-variable region within F gene revealed its clustering to sub-genotype VIIe. The inferred residue analysis of the virus revealed a number of substitution mutations in the structural and functional domains when compared to the representative strains of each genotype including the vaccine st...
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
.... fortis individuals clustering into one monophyletic lineage. Three main clades are recovered within M. fortis: (1) North group; (2) South group; and (3) GX group. The North Group distributed on the north side of Qinling Mountains-Huaihe river line as well as the South Group was on the south. It suggests this geographic barrier played an important role in differentiation of M. fortis in China. Furthermore, the samples all from Southwest Chin...
A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy
Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...y, it facilitated select cluster of papaya growers to meet the concerned authorities and scientists of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore to appraise them of the gravity of the situation and the need for getting effective biocontrol agent [Acerophagus papayae (Noyes and Schauff)] through ICAR-NBAII (National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects)-TNAU was emphasized as the existing biocontrol agents could not give relief. Later, when th...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
...re grouped into thirteen clusters. Cluster-IV comprised of maximum number of hybrids (six). The clusters mean and standard deviation marked that hybrid in Cluster XI (CRH-80) was short durational and high yielding mainly due to more branches and pods per plant.CRH-35 in cluster-VI was high yielding and has more seeds p...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
...gene used either F or N, clustered in lineage IV which is the most prominent and prevalent lineage of Asia. The distribution of Pakistani strains of PPRV was more dispersed as the isolate collected from Taxilla was clustered slightly distinct compared to rest of the isolates collected from Pakistan. Our findings are indicative of PPR endemic state of the country.
... 
Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2
...ected through multistage cluster sampling. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the time period of 6 months from April 2014 to Sep 2014. Data analysis was done with SPSS 20. After describing the important variables, average percentages were used to find out the difference between pre and post awareness performances and t score and p value was calculated. All the students (150) were boys, 98% belonged to a lower middle class family with the age of 9-12 y...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah, Shahid Masood** and Muhammad Irfan Khan*
...e and leaf area. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 9 Ocimum genotypes into two major clusters on the basis of total seed protein and phenotypic characters, except Siam Queen and Lime basil stand alone, respectively. Euclidian distance for morphological traits ranged from 3.60 to 7.26. Conversely on the basis of total seed proteins genetic distances ranged from 0.11 to 1.00. Due to greater genetic diversity in Ocimum germplasm and...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...ions were grouped in one cluster, which was clustered with the ZZ population, the LX population was grouped in a separated cluster. Low genetic diversity and strong genetic differentiation have been found in this study. The baseline population genetic information supplied in this study will be vital for the protection and restoration of this endangered species.
...
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Muhammad Amjad*, Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz* and Doulat Baig*
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GERMPLASM OF LINSEED ( L.)
...nseed accessions into 13 clusters. Cluster II was the biggest and had 33 accessions followed by Cluster I having 11 accessions. For the development of high yielding varieties, best performing accessions of Clusters I and II could be used in hybridization programme by crossing with accessions of Clusters VII, VIII, IX a...
Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
...ed the population into 6 clusters. Common characters of palm belonging to cluster I are lower weights of fruit, nut and husk with shorter fruit equatorial diameter and shorter internodes. Palms belonging to cluster II have higher weight of nut and longer equatorial diameter. Palms of cluster III are characterized by cylindrical stem and lower number of g...
Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan*, Javed Khan**, Rehmat Ullah Khan*** and Imran Khan****
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ACCESSIONS
...sified in to 6 different clusters. Maximum diversity was found in cluster 1 and cluster 4. This maximum diversity explains the better parental selection for future breeding programme....
Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*
PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...n (Lablab purpureus) and cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) with reference to a cereal fodder reference crop of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, under rainfed conditions without application of fertilizers in Randomized Complete Block Design. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from millet (8.9 -1 -1 -1 tha ), followed by cowpeas (4.5 t...
Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
...tistical procedures like cluster, principle components (PC) and correlation analysis were employed to identify the suitable genotypes that can be further exploited in breeding programme. Significant associations were found between yield contributing trait, boll weight and fiber related trait, staple length. Earliness related traits, like st st days taken to 1 square and days taken to 1 flower had positive correlation with each other and both these traits also ...
Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...05, except for number of clusters per plant. -1 -1 Maximum of 6.2 branches plant , 62.6 pods plant , 8.3cm pod length, 8.9 grains -1 pod , and 43.3 g of 1000-grain were recorded in treatment where sand and FYM -1 was applied to Vigna radiata @ 60:60 kg plot . Moreover maximum grain yield of -1 1253 kg ha was also recorded in the same treatment; however, treatments with -1 -1 45:45 and 30:30 (kg plot ) ranked second and third with grain yield of 1195 kg ha -1 a...
Abdul Hameed Solangi*, Fateh Khan Nizamani*, Aqeel Ahmed Siddiqui*, Muzaffar Ali Khan**, Parwaiz Ahmed Baloch*, Riazuddin* and Khalil Ahmed Solangi***
FIELD COMPARISON AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB.) GENOTYPES UNDER AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
...os. 2 and 11 accessions, cluster/plant was high in Acc. No.3, 4, 5 and 6 genotypes as compared to Acc. Nos. 7, 10, 11 and 12 accessions whereas, nonsignificant difference was found in Acc. Nos. 1, 2, 8 and 9. However, pods/cluster was high in Acc. No. 8 as compared to all genotypes and pods length maximum (8.70, 7.88 and 7.86 cm) was high in Acc.No.8, 9 and 3, respectively as compared to other accession numbers. The pods wid...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
...es among different virus clusters. This analysis revealed a high evolution rate for clade 2.2.1.2. Additionally, analysis of selection pressures in the HA gene revealed a positive selection pressure. Deduced amino acid analysis revealed characteristic mutations at HA antigenic sites besides two other mutations (129∆, I151T) that were found to be stable in recent subclade 2.2.1.1 isolates from humans and chickens. Our results revealed that linking the epi...
Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1
..., into four well-defined clusters. These results clearly revealed that there were considerable genetic differences among the Trichoderma isolates. While, there was no correlation, found between RAPD clusters and aggressive groups (AGs). Isolates belonging to different AGs were found scattered among the four RAPD clusters. It was concluded that the indigenous isolates of Trichoderma harzian...
Qasim Iqbal1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Ihsanullah Khan4
Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1
...ept days to maturity and clusters per plant. Biological yield, harvest index and seed yield depicted high estimates of heritability (0.89, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively) coupled with greater genetic advance (61.57, 52.81 and 47.82, respectively) indicating the involvement of additive type of genes,and selection based on these traits may help to improve the germplasm. Seed yield showed positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...three FAdV isolates were clustered together belonging to fowl adenoviruses C species and serotype FAdV-4. The similar viruses have been commonly isolated since late 1980s from the poultry flocks. In addition, seven genetically related FAdV isolates were from fowl adenovirus type 11 in D species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FAdV-11 strains identified in poultry production facilities in Pakistan. This study reveals the presence of two distinct ...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1, Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...ma mycoides (MM) - a cluster of six member species. However, literature is not available regarding the causative agents of CCPP in sheep and goats in Northern Pakistan. The current study was thus aimed to identify relative abundance of members of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 150 goats) were randomly collected from nasal discharge, pleural fluid and lung tissues, and streaked ...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...d that Hail PPRV strains clustered in four separate groups within lineage IV indicating genetic divergence based on N gene. These findings further support the continuous characterization of PPRV strains in small ruminants to support the global eradication plan in 2030. ...
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...C. lindmani at first clustered with C. nasus and C. grayii which had close relationships (d=0.028), then clustered with C. mystus which exhibited obvious genetic differentiation between C. mystus N and C. mystus S (d=0.083). C. reynaldi was at the basal part of the trees, and showed obvious genetic differentiations with other Coilia species (d>0.19). Our results suggest...
Muhammad Amir Maqbool1*, Muhammad Aslam1, Waseem Akbar2, Muhammad Waheed Anwar3 and Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1
...as PIP-A and PIP-B. NIPs clustered into six subgroups which were named as NIP-1, NIP-2, NIP-3, NIP-4, NIP-5, and NIP6. TIPs and SIPs were scattered in four groups and entitled as TIP-1, SIP-1, TIP-2, SIP-2, TIP-3, SIP-3 and TIP-4 respectively. Collective phylogenetic tree was constructed for all of MIPs which showed that PIPs, TIPs, NIPs and SIPs of all of three crops clustered in respective groups and no outliers were prese...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...% isolates. In addition, cluster analysis indicated that host immune evasion and toxin genes were not associated with each other suggesting the presence of diverse lineage specific strains in sore throat patients. However, the intraspecific association was noticed among these genes. Coa and spa polymorphism and association analysis indicated that spa negative isolates possess Coa of 1200 and 900bp, whereas spa positive isolat...
Binbin Shan, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Shengnan Liu and Dianrong Sun*
...were mapped 25 different clusters of eukaryotic proteins. In addition, a total of 17,671 unigenes were classified into 311 KEGG pathways. Finally, we predicted the coding sequences of 13,072 unigenes and obtained 9,222 SSRs in the present study. The whole transcriptome is an important foundation for future genomic research on the P. penicillatus and can provide comprehensively understanding and further characterizations of transcriptomes of non-m...
Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan
...were assigned into seven clusters at 25% linkage distance. Hybrids in Cluster II and IV with high seed yield and oil content were selected as desirable hybrids and suggested to exploit further under diverse environments. ...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar*1, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood3, Muhammad Jawad1, Muhammad Asadullah1, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Imran1
...d attributes like no. of clusters per plant, pods plant-1, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, however it was statistically similar with planting time July 15 for all these traits. The interaction also exhibited significant results and G2S3 recorded highest yield than all other treatments. So, it can be concluded that genotype NCM-13 should be grown from 05 July to 15 July for maximizing the mungbean yield under rainfed conditions of the area.&nbs...
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah
... in to 6 lineages and 29 clusters. Cluster 25 had the maximum number of genotypes i.e. 18 followed by Cluster 23 (14 genotypes), 19 (12 genotypes) and 9 (9 genotypes). There was a wide range of genetic diversity in this set of sesame germplasm which could be utilized for crop improvement. It is further recommended that for making improvement in sesame crop, identified superior sesame lines...
Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid
...ing belongs to different cluster and high yielding genotypes belongs to another cluster. It indicates that the genotypes suitable for mechanized harvesting are not high yielding. So, it is advisable to use genotypes in the ideotype breeding program to enhance the desirable variation. ...
Zhiwen Zou, Jianfei Xi, Fen Chen, Rui Xu, Tianrong Xin and Bin Xia*
...pecies of Euseius clustered into two different branches, but the branch of 8 species of Amblyseius and Neoseiulus was chaotic. It indicated that the species of Neoseiulus and Amblyseius should be assigned carefully. The results could not only reveal its phylogenetic relationship and provide molecular evidence for the evolution, but also provide a better way to identify phytoseiid species in citrus.
...
Muhammad Ali1,2*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
...rmers through multistage cluster sampling technique. In order to measure motivation of respondents, likert scale items comprising 1 as strongly disagree to 5 as strongly agree were used. The research findings reveal that farmers were motivated to manage their agricultural risks and overall their motivation level was high. Nevertheless, still efforts are required by all stakeholders to keep the motivation level high of farming community at local, regional and i...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...enetic analysis revealed clustering of all tested strains within sub-genotype VIg. Three isolates were assessed for pathogenicity based upon the mean death time (MDT), the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in chicken. The ICPI and MDT revealed that all tested isolates were of moderate virulence (Mesogenic) in chickens. Mature chickens showed no clinical signs or death as assessed by IVPI. Pigeon in Egypt re...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
...ld be separated into two clusters: the first included CD, WS, YP, JK, and ST, and the second included DJ, YJ, YH, SQ, and SN. However, there was no significant divergence between populations based on pair-wise differences (FST). Overall, the 10 populations were divided into two subgroups and two D-Loop haplotype clusters. This study showed that the different rice frog populations in Tongren had low genetic ...
Manzoor Hussain1, Muhammad Awais2, Farhatullah3, Saiqa Bibi1, Muhammad Rameez Khan3, Afifa Khalid1 and Sajid Ali3*
...the tested germplasm was clustered into four groups i.e., G1 contained eight, G2 contained three, G3 contained two and G4 contained three genotypes. Group 1 could be regarded as the most resistant genotypes group, and contained genotypes O-SA-1, O-SA-5, O-SA-15, O-SA-10, O-SA-14, O-SA-4, O-SA-6 and O-SA-11. Genotype O-SA-9, O-SA-7 and O-SA-12 had relatively high crown rust susceptibility. Further studies on across location and over-years crown rust resistance ...
Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*
... cell, and gathered into clusters; The average doubling time and clone efficiency of the cells were 35.5h and 47.2%, respectively. The MDSCs makers, such as Sca-1, CD34, CD144 and Desmin, were positive expressed by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR detection, and CD45 was negative expressed. MDSCs were successfully induced into Adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts and neuron-like cells under the optimized inducing medium. To conclude, in vitro h...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1
... similarity index into 5 clusters and sub clusters. On the same way lineage II split into two clusters at 19 % similarity index. The Genetic similarity (GS) based on SSR markers between pair of common bean lines showed high degree of dissimilarity in the genetic makeup ranging from 0.91 to 0.11. All the landraces of common bean collected from Malakand divisions KP, Pakistan, showed signifi...
Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman
...lation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. ...
Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan
...r sequenced viruses were clustered together in group B Russian like reassortant H5N8 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4. ...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,*
...rred that the population cluster data was not only consistent with the populations’ geographic habits but could also be influenced by artificial selection and feeding style. Lastly, two credible genetic backgrounds were identified from the yak populations in this study using STRUCTURE software, which corresponded to previous knowledge about different molecular genetic markers. Therefore, unexpectedly, our study indicated that the diversity of some of the...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...is revealed two distinct clusters among FAdVs. One cluster containing 3 strains belonged to the FAdV- C species and serotyped as FAdV-4 and showed close proximity at the nucleotide level. The other cluster containing three strains belonged to the FAdV-D species and serotyped as FAdV-11. Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1, Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4
... protein (ORF2) revealed clustering of Pakistani aHEV (Pak aHEV) strains with members of Orthohepevirus B species. However, Pak aHEV strains were highly divergent from other known members within Orthohepevirus B suggesting as novel aHEV strains circulating in the population of layer chickens in the country. Detection of HEV in layer chickens may pose public health risk in context of zoonosis and food borne transmission if aHEV emerges as z...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...rea was divided into six clusters, and the data was collected randomly from different hospitals, clinics, and different localities of Hazara region.The report included 2,400 participants, amongst which, 1,000 subjects were suffering from type II diabetes, including 432 males (43.2%) and 568 females (56.8%). Whereas 814 (81.4%) of them were over 40 years of age. Battagram district had the highest prevalence (24.2%) because of the lack of awareness about ...
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
...d through the multistage cluster sampling technique. The subjective norms were measured through 5 points Likert scale (ranging from 1 as strongly disagree to 5 as strongly agree) based statements. The result exhibited that farmers had realized the significance of ICTs which helped them in staying connected with fellow farmers and extension service providers. Furthermore, majority of the farmers had a high level of subjective norms influence to use ICTs for agr...
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
...arried out by RT-PCR and clustered into four groups (acute, chronic, cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma) on the basis of clinical reports and the patient’s history. HCV genotypes were determined by RFLP using amplified products and modified multiplex RT-PCR. Out of 3200 clinical samples, 5.37% (n=172) samples were HCV positive by ICT method. Among these, 96 (55.8%) were confirmed for HCV positive patients. Multiplex RT-PCR data showed that 75 (78%) p...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
... number of branches, pod clusters plant-1, pods plant-1 and pods cluster-1, pod length, 1000-seed weight, number of seed pod-1 (by 37, 18, 53, 31, 14, 7 and 5%, respectively). Rhizobium strains TAL-169 exceeded NARC-BK with 6% increase only in root length. Only NARC-BK could produce the 5.85 nodules after 15 days after sowing whilst strains in number of nodules were in t...
Azra1* and Shaukat Hussain2
...glomerative hierarchical cluster analysis with grain yield and disease severity categorized the tested genotypes into two major clusters. Cluster 1 is further divided into three sub clusters. In sub cluster I most of the genotypes are moderately resistant with medium to high yielding potential. Sub
Muhammad Qasim1*, Said Qasim2, Muhammad Naeem1, Amir Nawaz Khan3 and Shahid Iqbal4
...shers, through two stage cluster sampling. Livelihoods asset pentagons were used for the analysis. Considerable decline in physical and economic assets were noted among all the three types of fishers, whereas the total value of livelihood assets for farming fishers deteriorated from 0.40 in 2001 to 0.33 in 2016. The study recommends that concerned authorities should take initiative to create awareness regarding conservation of fishes and observe strict impleme...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...A. niger and gene clusters of secondary metabolites were determined through bioinformatics tools.
...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Arfan Ahmad1* and Muhammad Anees2
...he phylogenetic analysis clustered study strains of CAV in group II similar to those reported previously from China. These findings are helpful for an understanding of currently circulating strains of CAV; however, they require further analysis to intervene in necessary strategies to avoid future outbreaks in commercial poultry.
...
Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5
...ent analysis and linkage cluster analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) exhibited that first four PC out of nineteen PC, with eigen value >1, contributed about 80.326 % of total variability. Positive contribution towards PC1 was given by seed traits such as lint/seed, seed weight/seed, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton/seed. In biplot analysis, intraspecific hybrids and their parents were present very close to each other while interspecific hybr...
Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali3
...ons were grouped in four clusters (G1, G2, G3 and G4) based on primary seed characters. The G4 was further divided into two sub groups i.e., G4-A and G4-B. G4-A comprised 25 accessions whereas G4-B contained 30 accessions. The G3, G2 and G1 had 17, 16 and 8 accessions, respectively. Considerable variation was found among all the groups. Conservation and characterization of this diverse germplasm is recommended for future breeding programmes. ...
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...rouped into two distinct clusters on the basis of nucleotide sequences of hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 IBDV strains showed characteristic amino acid signatures in the VP2 gene (A222, I242, I256, I294, S299) and classified as vvIBDV. Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close clustering...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Xiao Hong Wu1, Guang Lu Li1, Heng Cao1, Xue Yan Fu1 and Kun Peng Shi1
...spectively. According to clustering analysis, Beijing white quail has the closest genetic relationship with Japan quail, partridge, and mallard, which are clustered in one group.
...
Mehtap Bayir*
... tetrapods. Phylogenetic clustering was seen between sod genes in fugu and their orthologs. Finally, highly conserved gene synteny was determined between fugu sod genes and their orthologs from teleost fish and human.
...
Peimin Yang*, Zongyun Hu, Yixin Liu, Guanghai Jin and Lei Wang
...five populations did not cluster into separate geographic branches based on the results of phylogenetic analyses. The neutrality and mismatch distribution tests suggested the species as a whole and all but Tieling population did not undergo a recent population expansion. The results obtained here suggested that Fuyuan, Baoqing and Neimeng populations should be protected and managed separately, and Panjin and Tieling populations should be considered as a geneti...
Saeed Ahmed Shah Chishti1, Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Kashif Nadeem1, Nusrat Parveen1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1
...eld per plant, yield per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit weight and fruit diameter were significantly improved by the application of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid. Highest yield per plant 13.50 kg was recorded with the application of 75 ppm in 4- chlorophenoxy acetic acid twicely when the minimum temperature was ranged between 12.5-23°C. Likewise, maximum yield per plant 7.08 kg was also obtained with the same...
Jie Yang
...s showed that breakpoint cluster 2 was a direct target of miR-16, and the expression was negatively correlated. Moreover, miR-16 promoted apoptosis suppressing breakpoint cluster 2 through phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase. The study validates miR-16 as a tumour suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer cells, and revealed a novel mechanism of miR-16-mediated apoptosis through extracellular-regulated kinase...
Lei Wang1, Lu Yang2, Lei Luo1, Yaqi Gao1*, Jian Gao1 and Ping Liu1
...ified after assembly and clustering. The resulting unigenes were then compared to homologous sequences using NCBI-NR, Swiss-Prot, KOG, Pfam, eggNOG, KEGG, COG, and GO for functional annotation and classification. Some differences in the regularity of distribution and the time of eclosion of the pupa were detected between the southern and the northern populations. We obtained 142.65 Gb of data from transcriptome sequencing and recovered 70,397 unigenes through ...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1, Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...he same species and were clustered together with Paramphistomum epiclitum. Taken together, this study provides the baseline data for the prevalence of rumen fluke infection in southeastern Pakistan and their molecular characterization using rDNA ITS-2+ region which serve as useful genetic marker for species identification.
...
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar3
...rmers through multistage cluster sampling technique. Multiple linear regression through SPSS was administered for statistical procedure. The findings confirmed that the theory (TPB) was statistically feasible to predict behavioral intention of farmers to use ICTs for agricultural risk management. The results further reveal that attitude was one of the most influenced of intention, which was followed by perceived behavioral control and lastly the subjective nor...
Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider
...hically distinct pattern clustering the study strain to clade Asia-2 but clearly distinct from vaccine strains. Though limited and preliminary data, the findings enhance our knowledge towards CDVs circulating in Pakistan. Further studies are much necessary to ascertain genetic characteristics of CDVs over a wide geographical area of the country together exploring the potential reasons of vaccine failure. ...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...ealed that isolates were clustered within lineage IV (Asian Lineage) closer to Indian isolates. On the other hand, a number of substitutions were observed at sites considered important for the structural and functional integrity of the N and F protein. All of the conserved regions were same regardless of the gene while the substitutions were seen at different residues other than the conserved domains. However, the analysis based upon the three-dimensional prot...
Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1
AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
...put node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For the established neural network...
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For the established neural network...
Muhammad Tahir Manzoor*, Javed Iqbal*, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar*, Zeeshan Sabir* Khizar Azam*
MULTI HOP CLUSTER DESIGN IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
... interest in the form of clusters. Consumption of energy of sensor nodes depends on the size of the cluster and the amount of information send over the network. An inherent problem with the WSN is the consumption of battery power since when the cluster size is increased depending on application it is designed for, battery life of sensor nodes gets reduced with this extra con...
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION
...a sets. Labelled K Means clustering generate labels for the clusters obtained from K Means Clustering which makes this technique more decisive for text data sets. A novel application of Labeled K Means Clustering for automation of technical part of GIS contracts is given in this paper. Geographic Information System (GIS) contract which is signed between ...
Amjad Ali1, Hong Luo1, Khalid Saifullah Syed2, Muhammad Ishaq2
A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
...t effective compute clusters, composed of mass-market-commodity-off-the-shelf (M2COTS) computer hardware components interconnected via Ethernet. The parallelization is based on computational domain partitioning, making use of the well-known graph and mesh partitioning package METIS. Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) message passing parallel programming model has been employed, by making use of the de-facto industry standard Message P...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*, Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*, Mubashir Ahmad Malik1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Ali3, Ejaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Tahir2 and Muhammad Ashraf2
...ed the formation of same cluster in phylogenetic tree with that of specific subspecies S. g. gregaria which furtherdeviate genetically not only from closely related subspecies (S. g. flaviventris) but also other species reported from various countries. Migratory pattern of S. g. gregaria from Africa to Asia and neighboring countries with their potential routes also suggested developing sustainable policy to counter internal as well as exte...
Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2
A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
... units) using multistage clustering method. Estimates of the study revealed that 54% of the households possessed buffaloes. Average number of buffaloes was estimated at 4.28 while 376 (63%) of the household reported cattle with average number of 4.38 heads per household. Small numbers of buffalo and cattle bulls were recorded. Average number of 5.55 goats per households was reported by 35% of all the households. On an overall basis, 2,365 liters of buffalo mil...
Rao Wali Muhammad1, Hafiz Muhammad Wasif Ali2*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Qadir Ahmad2, Abdul Qayyum2, Waqas Malik2 and Etrat Noor2
Estimation of Different Genetic Parameters in Various Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Field Condition
...e germplasm into various cluster groups on basis of their mean performance. A value of 74% was indicated by the first three PCs, which showed the highest variability between studied parameters. Eigen values >1 contributed variability between the genotypes under field condition. Minimum and maximum heritability estimates ranged between 77.4% - 99.0% for days to flowering and pods per plant, respectively. Genetic advance estimates ranged between 11.99-27.21% ...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...he dendrogram in one-way cluster analysis distributed 55 lines into 2 lineages (I and II). The former was comprised of 24% bean landraces, while the latter was comprised of 76% landraces. In correlation coefficients 45 combinations were identified having strong positive correlation. The strongest correlations (above 50%) were computed 67% of all the combinations. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified quantitative variability of 55 common bean landr...
Anjali Khadka1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Subarna Sharma Acharya3, Amrit Poudel4 and Sushma Adhikari1
Morphological Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill Genotypes in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal
...fect on grain yield. The cluster analysis grouped sixteen genotypes into four clusters among which cluster I was largest with eight genotypes....
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1
Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
...ere assembled into seven clusters. Among these clusters, cluster I and VII were largest each having nine and eight genotypes respectively, followed by cluster VI having seven genotypes. According to the illustrations by using hierarchical cluster analysis, total genotypes were grouped in seven ...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...e species into different clusters. Present study concluded that although morphological identification of spiders works convincingly, but it becomes more authentic and reliable when merged with DNA barcoding.
Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1
Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...variate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amount of genetic diversity in respect of several charaters and asseses the relative contribution of different traits to the total variation. In the present study, nineteen genotypes were evaluated for presence of genetic diversity through principal component and cluster analyses. The experiment was designed in randomized complete block design wit...
Ghulam Sarwar1, Amna Nazir1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Eram Shahzadi2 and Abid Mahmood3
...onent analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses were performed to estimate genetic diversity in 25 cotton genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that days to first square, flower and boll opening were positively associated with seed cotton yield. Staple length and CLCuV % were negatively associated with fiber fineness and yield respectively. In principal component analysis, four out of 14 principal components were selected with Eigen value
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...tch-mode processing from cluster-based machines to real-time processing on low-end machines or smartphones in order to help the decision-makers and stack holders for early disease detection.
...
Huan Yang1, Tingting Li1, Huimin Zhao1,2, Xiaoyuan Zhang1, Huiyan Xu1, Yangqing Lu1, Xingwei Liang1, Shengsheng Lu1, Xiaogan Yang1*and Kehuan Lu1*
...uickly formed grape-like clusters that were consistent with the morphological features of SSCs. These cells were identified as positive by immunofluorescence staining. This study successfully isolated, enriched and identified buffalo SSCs and established an effective platform to explore the mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation of buffalo SSCs.
...
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
...bor-Joining method which clustered the soybean lines into two groups. Maximum genetic dissimilarity (7) was found between line B24G14 and line B23G16. From the results of the study, it was clear that B20G16 had maximum morphological growth, while B29G11 revealed minimum growth among the tested lines, although these two lines were clustered into the same cluster interestingly. It can be con...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
...ed with neighbor-joining cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The results remained highly consistent throughout different data reduction techniques. The consistency in phenetic affinities was even evident when they were considered in the backdrop of living ethnic groups of peninsular Indians and prehistoric inhabitants of the Indus Valley and South-Central Asia. When consideration was limited to the people of Northern Pakistan, the uniqueness of Khal...
Iftikhar Hussain1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Muzafar Shah2*, Mohammad Salim3, Shabir Ahmed1, Sana Ullah1,Sidra Batool4, Nadia Saeed1 and Khalid Usman1
... C. sphinx clustered together with 100% bootstrap support. The relationship between C. sphinx and C. horsefield was supported by 83% bootstrap value. The relationship between C. titthaecheilus and C. horsefield was supported by 98% bootstrap value. These analyses confirm the utility of the COI gene sequence of C. sphinx, obtained in the present study for species level identification a...
Faiza Aman1,*, Neelam Ara1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...ypes into five different clusters at a dissimilarity level of 0.61 which also depicted the presence of high magnitude of variation among the studied genotypes. On the basis of superior performance for maturity, yield and yield-related traits, pea genotypes Leena Pak, UAP-47, UAP-29 and Green Gold are recommended for testing across locations and for onward use in pea breeding programs.
...
Kartika Noerwijati1*, Sholihin Sholihin1, Tinuk Sri Wahyuni1, Rohmad Budiono2, Nguyen Van Minh3, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi4, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile5 and Lulu Husna6
...ber of clones, therefore cluster analysis (the K-means cluster analysis method) was carried out to classify clones based on tuber yield and harvest index and to facilitate the selection process. The aim of this study wasto select high yielding cassava clones as selection material for the next stage of selection in the highlands. The F1 seedlings population selected, had a wide range of tuber yield. The results of ...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
... genus. The hierarchical clustering heat map analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the microbial community of the high dosage group (10 mg/L) was clearly different from the other two groups. Overall, enrofloxacin at high dosage of 10 mg/L significantly altered the community diversity of noble scallop. This study characterized the variation regularity of the intestinal microbial of the noble scallop in response to enrofloxacin treatment. T...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
...y divided into two major clusters. The 116, 113, 109, 106, 94, 86, 76, 62, and 61 kDa fractions were identified the first time, which may be involved in temperature stress acclimation. Conclusively, the sublethal-temperature along with phytohormones are involved in green gram growth, proteome expression, and thermotolerance via initiating antioxidant defense signaling.
...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
...he studied traits in two clusters oil contributing traits and yield contributing traits. The cluster (i) included oil contributing traits i.e. flower initiation days, days to flower completion, maturity days, plant height and germination percentage. The cluster (ii) grouped the yield contributing traits chlorophyll content, fresh seed weight, no. of leaves, head diameter, stem thickness, d...
Celalettin Gözüaçık1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*
...ight, number of eggs per cluster, number of egg clusters at the plant stem, and location as potential predictors. In the prediction of height of eggs, CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection) and MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) algorithms were implemented for describing egg laying behaviour of the alfalfa weevil and giving an idea on minimizing loss of the fields, in practice. In conclusion, a new s...
Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Sajida Habib2, Waqas Shafqat Chattha3, Rizwana Qamar2, Shazia Saeed2, Abdul Khaliq1 and Salsabeel Rauf2
...riability. Maximum inter-cluster distances were noted between cluster 2 and cluster 5 (51.221) for B-lines, and between cluster 3 and cluster 7 for R-lines (89.57). Considering inter-cluster distance within/between the lines and other agronomic traits, A/B and R-lines can be crossed ...
Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta
...agribusiness development clusters emerged in the 1960s around traditional export commodities such as coffee, cotton and cocoa. Thus, this study was initiated to describe socio-economic factors of cluster crop producers, challenges of cluster crop production, and examine factors affecting smallholder farmers’ participation decision in cluster crop p...
Shahinshah Khan1*, Aijaz Ali Khooharo1, Zaheeruddin Mirani1 and Velo Suthar2
...stan applying multistage cluster sampling approach. Survey data further revealed that 34% farmers produced their own seed. Regarding source of seed, dealers (96.8%) and neighboring (88.8%) farmers were observed to be the major sources of basic seed for multiplication. However, 36.8% of the farmers reported that seed companies are their exclusive source of basic seed. Only 14% of the farmers reported that seed was purchased from public sector. Major seed ...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1
...d 0.35%, respectively. A cluster dendrogram tree was constructed which was divided into two linkage and further divided into seven clusters. The variation was found among the clusters. The information obtained from the study is useful in planning further crop improvement....
Ala’audin Hakami,1AusamaA Yousif,2* Mohamed Zaki,3 Mahmoud Ismail,4,5 Ahmed Al-Ali,5 Abdu-Rahman Al-Ankari5
...ed phylogenetic analysis clustered one
African grey parrot PBFDV (Mira08) with South-East Asian and
Australian isolates indicating interspecies transmission.
...
Amal Mahmoud1&2 and Medhat H. Hashem3
... Sohag 1-HCC isolate was clustered with genotype C which is known as risk factor of HCC. Multiple sequence alignment resulted in unique amino acid substitutions (V320→L and N464→T) and (I284→L, T300→I and K334→R) in pol and env genes respectively. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of these mutations in the development of HCC....
Aly M. Abdel-Salam1, Rehab A. Dawoud2, Amira M.E.Aly2, and Salama M. El-Saghir2
...ur Egyptian BSV isolates clustered together with two
Egyptian sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus apart from other badnaviruses
circumventing several viruses of BSV.
...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam
...e identity indicated the clustering of the two SCBV in a separate branch from
the other known SCBV; indicating the special nature of the Egyptian SCBV isolates.
Close serologic relationship between SCBV and BSV from Egypt was detected. The
Egyptian antiserum of BSV captured SCBV antigens in leaves and insect vectors in
Immunocapture (IC) PCR analysis. The present study represents the first record of
S...
A. A. Rezk1,3, K. A. Alhudaib2 and A. M. Soliman2,3
...d that there are two big clusters and the identity between them 90%. The isolated CYSDV in this study is located in the second cluster with the isolates from Sudan, Iran and the other isolate from Saudi Arabia. The analysis showed that the highest nucleotide identities were 100% with other isolates that isolated from Saudi Arabia and was 98% with other isolates from Iran and Sudan. While the identity was 90% with all other m...
Muhammad G. Khodary1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed M. Emara2, Othman E. Othman1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...tive
samples clustered the detected viruses with O topotype East Africa-3 (EA-3) viruses.
Conclusion: The newly identified 2016 viruses clustered in distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree
other than the serotype O viruses isolated in previous outbreaks in Egypt, indicating the likelihood of
new incursions into Egypt. These strains were closely related to previously characteriz...
Naglaa F.S. Awad1, Gamelat K.F. Kotb2
...ealed that both isolates clustered with
the vaccine strain and isolate UT01 within genotype 6 RHDVa. Molecular analysis of antigenic
regions of VP60 (part of E and F regions) revealed neither detection of recombination points nor sites
under positive selection.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that non-hemagglutinating RHDVa G6 variant viruses are
currently circulating in Sharkia with the abi...
Dina A. Abdulrahman1, Ayman H. EL-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shaheen1 & Hussein A. Hussein2
...lineage while serotype A clustered with G-IV African strains and serotype
SAT2 virus was related to the previously-reported Egyptian strains of Ghb-12 lineage of G-VII.
Conclusion: This study reports the co-circulation of serotypes O, A and SAT2 FMDVs in Egypt
indicating the breach in the prevention and control measures. It also proves the competence of real
time RT-PCR for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of FM...
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
...es has been the dominant cluster till now. So, continuous monitoring of
the circulating viruses is important for better selection of viruses in vaccine studies and to understand
the evolution of Avian influenza viruses overtime.
...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...ned sequence
cluster the characterized strain along with (formerly) G1-like viruses’ subtype B like those circulating
in the Middle East.
Conclusion: the AI H9N2 avian influenza virus is circulating causing major problem among chickens.
More studies need to be addressed to understand the real effect of the H9 virus on chickens and
humans in Lebanon.
...
Ahmed M. Soliman
... isolates located in one cluster, belonging to subgroup IA.
...
Yongmin Li1,2, Huabin Zhang1, Xiaoyou Wu1, Dongwei Li 2, Peng Yan1 and Xiaobing Wu1*
...e and a TLPF tRNA cluster (tRNAThr, tRNALeu(CUN), tRNAPro and tRNAPhe) were located between the CR and the 12S rRNA gene. R. dennysi mitochondrial gene rearrangements observed here could be explained by the Tandem Duplication and Random Loss (TDRL) model. We used twelve mitochondrial protein-coding genes of the newly sequenced and other reported species to assess phylogenetic relationships of Ranoidea. ...
Liangkun Pan1, Qun-Lan Zhou1*, Bo Liu1, Jiaxing Yan2 and Ajun Sun1
... alpha-diversity and the cluster results. Dominant microbioorganisms of blunt snout bream at genus level were Cetobacterium spp., Lactococcus spp., CK-1C4-19, Rhodobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Meanwhile it was found out that Lactococcus spp. preferred the foregut, while Cetobacterium spp. and Flavobacterium spp. preferred the hindgut. Dominant bacteria preferred different gut section may...
Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub
...ations, number of flower clusters plant-1 (16.06), fruit set percentage (68.33%), number of flowers cluster-1 (8.34), chlorophyll content (50.31 SPAD), leaf relative water content (75.34%), Putrescine concentration (193.95 nmol/g), spermidine concentration (154.59 nmol/g), spermine concentration (36.51 nmol/g), yield (20.14 t ha-1), early flowering (26.99 days) and lowest electrolyte leakage (48.87%) was observed in plants t...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...rther divided into 7 sub clusters. Every group showed less difference to one another but high variation to other groups. Similarly, in total seed storage proteins, a total of 13 polypeptides bond were found with the total genetic diversity of (0.68%) found in band 1, while in band 2, the variation was 0.63%. A cluster dendogram was constructed for total seed storage proteins and divided 7 sub c...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...PCA analysis showed four clusters based on the nature of habitat and species behavior. Agriculture land was found to be the highest (H’= 3.394) and landfill the lowest (H’= 1.414) in biodiversity. However, landfill site registered the most number of birds (>9000). Among twenty species recorded at the landfill, four species viz., house crow, common myna, grey-throated martin and bank myna, recorded >95% of the total population of birds....
Muhammad Zubair Ishaq1, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2*, Saghir Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2, Hafeez UR Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Javaria Ashraf4 and Samaria Nisar4
...were grouped together in cluster no. 2, whereas sowing dates in June were grouped together in group 1. This study helps to optimize the sowing date to meet the climate changes and enhance the seed cotton yield....
Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3
...tained using multi-stage cluster sampling technique, using organized questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used. The research used Rogers’ Theory of Innovation Diffusion, Rogers and Burde’s Theory of Social Change. The findings from the study have shown that GSM, radio, television, camera, internet, computer, CD/DVD player and VHS video are the most commonly used ICT components in various aspect ...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...ns and spatial hotspots (clusters) based on roe deer–vehicle collisions (RDVC) on Jeju Island from 2014 to 2017. RDVCs occur frequently from July to October, and RDVCs are higher in male deer than with females in all seasons, except in winter. The clusters in the high-risk periods were more regionally distributed compared to the clusters in the low-risk periods. Regardless of the per...
He Yujiao1,2, Xie Huichun1, Lin Gonghua2,3, ZhangTongzuo2,3, Su Jianping2,3 and Du Yurong1*
...on. We also compared the clustering analysis results generated using mtDNA versus microsatellite markers. The most obvious difference between the two markers was reflected in the fact that the populations Yelashan (YLS) and Bangda (BD) represented a separate cluster based on the microsatellite data. Additionally, our studies involving the comparison of the two markers also reveal that a few of the differentiated populations ...
Aiguo Zhou1,2,4, Shaolin Xie1,2, Zhuolin Sun1,2, Yongyong Feng1,2, Shulin Liu1,2, Di Sun1,2, Yanfeng Chen3 and Jixing Zou1,2*
...mnra and C. argus clustered together. The discriminant analysis showed that O. argus var Kimnra and C. argus were 41.7% and 58.3% similar to each other, respectively. X-ray photography revealed that O. argus var Kimnra and C. argus have similar forms, but they are far from C. asiatica. Therefore, O. argus var Kimnra and C. argus have a close relationship with no significant morphological differences.
Mary A. Sargious1, Hanaa A. Ahmed1, Ragab M. El-Shawarby2, Hatem H. Bakery2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, E. Gus Cothran4 and Ayman Samir Farid5*
...Kehilan and Seglawi. The cluster pattern of the individual phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE plots of the five basic horse strains indicate that there was no sharp demarcation between those five strains, and the influence of the dame line and the traditional maternal lines classification of the El-Zahraa Arabian horses was unclear. The results of this study confirm the applicability and efficiency of these 16 STR markers for assessing genetic diversity but not i...
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1
...rmore, all isolates were clustered together with NDV genotype VII.1.1 (former GVIId) in a high similarity with previously reported strains from Egypt since 2012 till now, as well as with other neighboring and geographically close countries. In conclusion, the recent NDV outbreaks have been likely caused by the distinctive genotype VII.1.1 which seems to be the predominant strain circulated in Egypt. So as to, it is recommended to be used as a contemporary vacc...
Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan
...analysis of variance and cluster analysis in four species of zokor including Eospalax cansus, Eospalax rothschildi, Eospalax baileyi, and Myospalax aspalax. We also used principal component analysis and dichotomy to explore key measurements which could reflect skull differences to the maximum. In addition, we tested the correlations between environmental factors and skull measurements for each species. The results of variance analysis indicated that three zoko...
Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1
...eding programs. Based on cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into two main lineages; lineage A which is further divided into 3 clusters (C1, C2, and C3), and lineage B, further divided into 2 clusters (C4 and C5). The principal component analysis estimated the total variations in the range of 51.43 to 100% with an Eigenvalue of 0.25. It was concluded from the results that Alnus...
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5
...e component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to detect the most genetically variable and high yielding chickpea genotypes. D2 statistics extracted higher values for standard deviation and coefficient of variation indicating that the studied genotypes possess considerable amount of genetic variation in performance of studied different traits. Principle component analysis distinguished the traits into eight components. Results revealed that PC1 and 2 ...
Lifang Zhang, Xiuyue Zhang and Bisong Yue*
... 0.0613 to 0.8617. UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the 12 populations were grouped into three major clusters, which showed that there had rich genetic diversity in P. americana, and the genetic differentiation to some extent, the differentiation in certain degree may result from geographical isolation and barriers to gene flow. These results would provide the basis of further study on genetic diversity and structure.
Zhan-Zhong Liu1, Chun-Ying Wang1, Jian-Ye Yang2, Qing-Hua Liu3,4, Xiao Zhang3* and Liang Wang3,4*
... representative familial cluster with 6 cases was analyzed in detail in order to get a better understanding of the transmission routes of the virus. Furthermore, we performed a retrospective, single-centre study of 41 COVID-19 patients at Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital in terms of clinical findings, which provided an insightful understanding of the disease....
Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*
...evealed a unique genetic cluster of HS population and a similar genetic background and close relatedness between the EM and FJ population. It is the first reported polymorphic SNP markers in M. thibetana that can be applied to non-invasive samples, and the SNPs based analysis on the population structure and genetic diversity has provided new insight into the relationships among wild populations of M. thibetana....
Aml M. Ragab1*, Maha R. Basyoni1, Enas A.I. Khoris2, Nadia A. Abd Elghany3
... group strains. Three subclusters could be identified, (nhe) and (cytK) could be detected in all of the B. cereus isolates, (hbl) could be detected in 50% , and (ces) gene could be detected only in 25%. During the experimental period, the high mortality rate was (80%) in the group (G2) - Reisolation of B. cereus in G2 was 83.3% and 91.6%, while in G3, it was 16.6% and 8.3% on the first and second week, respectively. The results of selected blood parameters and...
Weidong Huang1,2,3, Xinyue Liang1,2,3, Xiufeng Xie4, Xingmin Wang2, 3 and Xiaosheng Chen1,2,3*
...ttern individuals do not cluster together as no special relationships among different phenotypes individuals. Our systematic analyses illustrated the same elytral forms of M. sexmaculatus do not possess closely-related phylogenetic relationships. However, these clear photographs of different elytral color patterns of M. sexmaculatus and the results of our analyses may prevent our incorrect identification for this species. ...
Zaniar A. Abas1, Mohammed Omer Baba Sheikh2,5*, Hardi N. Aziz3, Omed I. Abid4
...ain phylogenetic groups (cluster A and cluster B), 10 new CPV-2a from a field isolate belonging to cluster A with (china-MF423125) and (Italian-MK348096) strains with high identities 99.20%-99.70%. The cluster B are contained 5/2 CPV-2b/c of a field isolate with (Thailand-MH711902) and (china-MG013488) strains with high identities range of 98.80%-99.70. ...
Nour H. Abdel-Hamid1*, Walid Elmonir2, Eman I. M. Beleta1, Rania I. Ismail1, Momtaz Shahein1, Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy1
...and RAPD-PCR Dendrograms clustered the B. melitensis isolates into two clusters and three clusters composed of 16 and 13 genotypes with genetic similarity percentages of 62% and 54% with a diversity index of 0.82 and 0.88. Both ERIC-PCR and RAPD-PCR dendrograms clustered B. abortus isolates into two clusters and three ...
Muhammad Shaheen1* and Abdullah2
Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6
...onstructed with two main clusters (C1, C2) which further partitioned into sub clusters i.e. C1A, C1B, C2A and C2B. Fruit colour meter value showed average +a* =2.7 and average +b* =13.0 for Bhakkar accessions, while for Layyah accessions these were 3.8 and 16.4, respectively. Such variation can strengthen jujube germplasm conservation, be able to provide strong basis for initiating conventional breeding programmes and can be...
Basel A. Abokhadra, Samah M. Mosad, Sahar Abd El Rahman*
...erence strains that were clustered in the other clade. BoHV-5 reference strains were different from our isolate by 25 nucleotide substitutions, which led to five amino acid substitutions ( E316D, A378T, S410G, I425T, E429G).
Keywords | Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, Glycoprotein B, Immunoflourescent technique, Phylogenetic tree, Nucleotide and amino acid substitution
...
Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2
...glomerative hierarchical clustering tools were employed. Twenty-four recently bred upland cotton strains bearing diversified origin were configured in triplicate following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The data for novel attributes were recorded. Analysis of variance results indicated that a significant level of variation was existing among the strains for disease index, plant population and micronaire value at (p<0.05), while means for all other...
Gawhara Ahmed-Abdelmonem1*, Zeinab Aboezz2, Ahmed Habashi1, Saad Sharawi2
...d that two isolates were clustered to Asian Iran-05 topotype with close similarities (99.42-99.57%) to the local vaccine strain, while the other one belonged to African topotype genotype IV (GIV) and was genetically different from the local vaccine strain with 85.65% identity. These findings support the suggestion of adding the African topotype GIV as a supplementary vaccine to the currently used one.
Keywords | FMDV, Serotype A, Genotype IV, VP1gene, ...
Amna Sulaman1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Muhammad Shafi2 and Faiz Muhammad1*
...results revealed that it clustered with the same species of family Turbinellidae except for the individual of the same species from India’s west coast. Individuals of this species have demonstrated less genetic difference. The present findings will be beneficial for taxonomists and future researchers of the region.
Novelty Statement | An important species of gastropod known as Turbinella p...
Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Pham Kim Ngan Nguyen1, Thao Huong Phan1, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Khanh Ly Nguyen1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Cong Thieu Pham3, Cong Dinh Nguyen3, Nguyen Khang Duong4
...s are separated into two clusters that could be distinguished from the Murrah population. In conclusion, the genetic variation on Vietnamese domestic buffaloes is higher than other Asian swamp buffaloes. Most of native buffalo populations cluster in one clade and have a genetic relationship closer to Thai and Philippine swamp buffaloes in maternal origin. Further insights regarding the genetic diversity of Vietnamese native ...
Zulqarnain Haider1*, Muhammad Akhter2, Syed Sultan Ali1, Tahir Latif1, Rana Ahsan Raza Khan1, Awais Riaz1, Tahira Bibi1, Muhammad Ijaz3, Qasim Raza1, Mohsin Ali Raza4, Samina Sarfaraz1, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rafiq1
...orphologic stability and clustering pattern of twenty promising elite basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines including three checks were investigated in advance generation. Triplicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used during three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018 and the data were subjected to combined ANOVA, correlation, principal component, GGE biplots in order to demonstrate the stability and performance of these advance Basmati lines. A hi...
Kokab Nazim1*, Asghari Bano1 and Ghulam Jellani2
...genotypes made two major clusters. Main cluster “I” was comprised of two genotypes. Main cluster “II” was comprised of 43 genotypes. Cluster “II” was divided into A and B. “B” contained 10 genotypes while “A” was 35 genotypes. Finally, forty-five genotypes of tomato were divided into seven
Ishtiaq Ahmad1,2* and Muhammad Akbar Anjum1
...s were grouped into five clusters where cluster-I comprised of (19) genotypes, cluster-II contain (8) genotypes, cluster-III contain (21) genotypes, cluster-IV contain (6) genotypes and cluster-V contain (24) genotypes. PCA analysis based on first two components for morphological att...
Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...netically, our sequences clustered with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis, B. garinii, and B. bissettii sequences sourced from different hosts worldwide. Sequences showed 40.2%-99.1% sequences identity among them and 39%–98.3% with previously reported sequences on NCBI GenBank. Our sequences were submitted in NCBI GenBank under accession numbers MW547399-MW547405. Four animal-related: age (p=0.03), weight (p<0.05), sex (p=0.03), and breed (...
Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1
...ve major groups. Maximum cluster distance was observed in group I and V, while minimum cluster distance was observed in group IV and V. Highest emergence (33.7 m-2) was noticed for ICSA220XICSR90, highest leaves per plant (11.68) were reported of hybrid combination ICSA220XICSR90, maximum leaf to stem ratios (0.02) was recorded for hybrid combinations ICSA233XICSR90, high stem weight (327g) was recorded for hybrid combinatio...
Sara Magdy Hashim1, Elshaimaa Ismael2, Mohamed Tarek3, Faten Fathy Mohammed1*, Fatma Amer Abdel Reheem3, Rawhia Esawy Doghaim1
... that H5N8 field isolate clustering in clade 2.3.4.4b. The histopathological hallmarks, in H5N8 naturally infected ducks, included acute inflammatory, necrotic and vascular reactions that involve different tissues. The immunohistochemical characterization of viral antigen revealed direct relation between viral residence in tissue and developed pathology. The present study confirmed that H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b, became a predominant strain during the period 20...
Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman1, Faiz-ul Hassan1* and Muhammad Sajjad Khan2
...Tharparkar (83.85%). The cluster analysis of UPGMA showed two major clusters: Cluster A having Hissar and Hariana (similarity coefficient 0.87) grouping with Tharparkar; and cluster B having Dajal and Rojhan (0.88) grouped together, Dhanni clustered with Lohani while Cholistani grouped with Dajal and Rojhan. The Sahiwa...
Ilhama G. Kerimova1*, Viktor A.Krivokhatsky2, Merve N. Aydemir3 and Lala N. Mamedova4
...nvergence of the compact cluster of the genus Bubopsis (Mac Lachlan, 1898) with the owlfly Deleproctophylla variegata (Klug, 1845), which, together belongs to the subfamily (Ascalaphinae Lefèbvre, 1842), indicates a characteristic point of embranchment in the genus Libelloides (Schäffer, 1763) inside Libelloidini Pantaleoni, (Loru, 2018). Thus, Libelloidini is a daughter tribe within Ascalaphinae. Although the support between the clades of L. macar...
Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1
...f 8 confirmed samples, 3 clustered to Deltacoronavirus genus and 5 to Gammacoronavirus. Two of those samples showed partial sequences of other regions of CoVs confirming their genotyping to Gammacoronavirus genus and proximity to important poultry diseases causative agents....
F. Shahina† and G. Mehreen
...tion groups hierarchical cluster analysis.
...
S.A. Khan†, M. Abid and F. Hussain1
...ies between Ward’s cluster analysis of hatching egg and larval mortality in water and methanol extract of
different seaweeds showed significant difference. Methanol extract was more effective as compared to water extract.
In conclusion, use of seaweeds is positive sign against harmful microorganisms which are responsible for
considerable losses in agriculture yield.
...
Safriyanto Dako1, Nibras Karnain Laya1, Syukri I Gubali1, Ari Ardiantoro2, V.M Ani Nurgiartiningsih3, Gatot Ciptadi3, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3*
...as divided into two main clusters, i.e., the Bali and PO populations, which closely reflect the breeding process in the research area. This information will be useful for future development and maintenance of local cattle in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia.
Keywords | Microsatellite, Genetic diversity, Genetic relationships, Local cattle, Gorontalo
... 
