Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2
Email: y.lhor@yahoo.fr
...cated that the two most abundant Culicoides species were Culicoides imicola (94.2-95.85%) and Culicoides newsteidi (2.21-2.72%). The rate of prevalence of these species was bi-phasic and higher from April to June, and October to November 2009. Interestingly, the infectivity rate of BTV was also higher during these periods indicating that high risk of infection is directly proportional to that of transmission vectors. Moreover, results demon...
Christopher U Orji1*, Ignatius O Onyeocha2, Steven S Shaida3, Peter M Dede4, Bitrus Yakubu5, Elijah E Ella6 and Pam D Luka5
...rs- Cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and Cytochrome b (CytB). Twelve samples of laboratory-reared population of each species were used for the study. Sequencing data were used to calculate haplotype, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for the two species. Based on combined loci of cytochrome oxidase II (COII) and cytochrome b (CytB), twelve haplotypes were generated for G. p. palpalis and five for G. m. submorsitans. Similarly, for ...
Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker
...er body parts. The most abundant ticks were identified as Boophilus sp. (61.67%), followed by Haemaphysalis sp. (30.0%) and Hyalomma sp. (8.33%) (P=0.00)....
John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils
...like toxin 2 (SLT-2) B subunit verified that the aptamers bound proteins of the correct molecular weights for intact outer membrane proteins (OMPs), intimins and SLT-2. Some bands on the aptamer Western blots were shared between the “Big 6” non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157 and related Gram negative bacteria. However, unrelated Gram positive bacteria exhibited very few, if any, bands in common with those identified on the ...
Usman Ijaz1, Muhammad Sajid Tahir2, Khalid Abdul Majeed3*, Shahid Iqbal4, Iffat Huma5, S. Firyal6, Ijaz Ahmed7, Shahid Chohan8 and Aamir Riaz Khan9
...l Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Scat samples of 15 different known leopards were collected from Nathiagali, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. After amplification with specific oligos, the amplicons of partial region of COI were subjected to sequencing, and then observed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were observed on three loci of the COI gene as compared to reference sequence of Panthera pardu...
Syeda Farzana Bibi*, Lal Badshah and Siraj-ud-Din
...ra showed that the most abundant leaf size was Microphyll (50%). This study not only gives information about the flora of motorway but can provide a baseline for future studies and plantation of this area. It is suggested that plantation of invasive species should be discouraged which might become problematic in future for the indigenous flora....
Wenmin Cheng1,2*, Weirong Pan1,2, Yubo Qing1, Yingchao Liu1, Xingqin Zha1,2, Yan Huang2, Jige Xin1,2, Hongjiang Wei1 and Yangzhi Zeng2
...asmin (Npm) is the most abundant protein in the nucleus of oocytes which can promote in vitro nucleosome formation. In this study, to improve the efficiency of SCNT in Banna Mini-pig Inbred Line (BMI), we obtained the recombinant nucleoplasmin (Npm) by using a prokaryotic expression system and compared the difference on the developmental effects between exogenous Npm and its structural analog, polyglutamic acid (PGA). We chose the pMD18-T vector for Npm expres...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...noted in which the most abundantly used species were sardine (Dussumieria acuta), mullet (Liza carinata, L. subviridis), herring (Chirocentrus dorab), elongated sole (Solia elongate), black fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus berda), grunts (Pomadasys hasta), croaker (Otolithus ruber), silver sillago (Sillago sihama), sea perch (Lates calcarifer) and jaw fish (Johnius goma). In majority of processing units, traditional methods were applied causing quality problem. Fi...
Noor Us Saher1, Zunaira Amanat2, M. Asif Gondal3 and Naureen Aziz Qureshi4,*
.... M. planipes was found abundantly in Sep. 2005, Nov. - Dec. 2005 and Dec. 2006 (93.3%, 94.7%, 92.3% and 87 % respectively). A. lunaris was found in abundance during May 2005 (85.7%) and Aug. 2005 (81.8%). Male specimens of both species (M. planipes: χ2 = 245.4, P < 0.005) and (A. lunaris: χ2 = 99.4, P<0.005) were significantly more than females throughout the study period. There was a significant difference in...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Waseem Ahmad Khan2, Waseem Ahmad Khan3 and Najam-ul-Huda Khan4
...ustify;">We studied the abundance and population structure of Little Indian field mouse, Mus booduga, at five lakes in the Salt Range, Punjab, Paklistan. The trapping data of 375 trap nights indicated highest abundance of Mus booduga (no = 132), out of 141 small mammals trapped. Majority of the Mus booduga specimens were adults (56.06%) while the juvenile/sub-adults were 43.94% of the total specimens trapped. The highest tra...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
...ominated in zooplankton abundance and its mean value ranged from 2710.2 ind./L in winter to 4259.5 ind./L in spring. Annual average biomasses of protozoa, rotifera, cladocera and copepods were 0.13 mg/L, 0.11 mg/L, 0.63 mg/L and 0.34 mg/L, respectively. The lowest values of zooplankton species richness, abundance and biomass appeared at the site which provides the maximum concentrations of nutrients. Zooplankton communities ...
Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*
...;">Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), perform many important neurobiological functions. Although a large number of transgenic mouse models carrying astrocyte-specific transgene expression of transgene have made significant contributions to understanding astrocytic structure and function in vitro and in vivo, evidence suggests that mouse models are limited and sometimes do not fully replicate the complete spec...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
...ly richness, diversity, abundance and evenness of soil inhabiting Mesostigmata mites in cultivated and undisturbed soil were estimated from five different localities of Punjab, Pakistan in 2014. Family richness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as compared to the cultivated soil in all the localities, while low variability in evenness had been found. The highest diversity of soil inhabi...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
...l cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Adult P. websteri exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity in the palp pigmentation pattern, the shape of the anterior edge of the prostomium, the shape of the major spines on chaetiger 5, and the shape of the pygidium. The COI gene sequence demonstrated that the intraspecific distance of P. websteri was 0.33%, whereas the interspecific distance of P. websteri ranged from 18.88% (with <...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
Muhammad Akbar Khan1,*, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Sabah Kiran1, Ayesha Riaz2 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...ts a humid habitat with abundant cover.
...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
...um weed infestation was abundant and almost not uniform in all sites, because some sites were in hilly area. The computed data showed that the highest relative frequency of 28.71% was recorded for parthenium weed followed by C. sativa, C. dactylon and C. album having relative frequency of 13.33%, 12.71% and 10.16%, respectively. Comparatively, the other weeds were having a very low relative density and relative frequency at most of the locations studied. Impor...
YaQiu Liu and ZhiJian Wang*
...ne. Cytoplasm contained abundant mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicles. Epithelium of posterior intestine was thin, translucent and squamous with dense blood capillary network underground, while there were no folds on mucous membrane surface. Distance between blood capillary network and intestinal cavity was 1.95±0.34 μm. Respiration epithelial cells of posterior intestine are a kind of modified squamous epithelial cells which show the ultrast...
B. S. Nandihalli
Utilization of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer
... healthy nuts (81 nuts 4 bunches), least percent of damaged nut (65 per cent) and highest benefit which was on par with wettable sulphur. The next best treatment was neem oil 2 percent....
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
...ason (P< 0.001). The abundances were markedly affected by habitat type (F5,120 = 49.409, P < 0.001) and season (F3,120 = 13.577, P < 0.001), however, there was no significant interaction of habitat type and season (F15,120 = 0.529, P = 0.919). The abundances distribution was significantly different among habitats in each season as shown by one-way ANOVA, the higher a
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...mber under the rainfed unbunded uplands of Purulia, West Bengal and the produces are stored by farmers under homestead condition for the purpose of consumption and seed for the next year sowing. Callosobruchus sp.(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the major stored grain pest of blackgram under homestead condition resulting 15 – 30% grain damage during storage. An attempt was made to identify a practical and low cost solution of such damage with the ac...
Erol Akkuzu1,*, Hidayet Güzel2 and Özkan Evcin1
... forests concerning the abundance and body length of I. sexdentatus. The results showed that 1) density of I. sexdentatus were greater in pure forests than mixed ones, 2) density of I. sexdentatus were grater in stands with site index-III than those with site index-I, and 3) the body length of the pest did not differ significantly between two site productivity classes and between two stand compositions.
...
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
...small blood vessels and abundant loose connective tissue. Leydig cells have large spherical or slightly elongated nuclei, which possess prominent nuclei and frequently deep indentations of nuclear envelope. The nuclei are characterized by patches of euchromatin and heterochromatin regions with the latter usually occupying the periphery of the organelle. The cytoplasm contains numerous mitochondria containing distinct lamellar cristae, small patches of rough en...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
...cted due to its natural abundance in the climate of Kashmir and also in the area of study. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as B. cereus BDBC01, B. cereus AVP12 and B. cereus NC7401. At maximum studied concentration of metal ions (250 mgl-1), in above sequence, the strains accumulated 118.2, 121.87 and 90 mg/g Cr (VI), 135, 127.5 and 146.25 mg/g Ni (II) and 120, 1...
Lu Liu1, Sher Khan Panhwar2, Tianxiang Gao3, Zhiqiang Han3, Chunhou Li4, Dianrong Sun4 and Na Song1,*
...the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA of Liza affinis and Liza klunzingeri from coastal waters of China and Pakistan, respectively. Sequences of L. carinata were obtained from GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree showed the specimens to form a strong monophyletic group. The mean within-species genetic distances for L. affinis, L. carinata, and L. klunzingeri were 0.26%, 0.52%, and 0.47%, respecti...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5
... tick species and their abundance with respect to host-related risk factors in Bos permiginu s cattlewas conducted in farm houses at three main regions (Western by-pass, Spiny village, and Sariab region) of District Quetta from March, 2013 to March, 2014. Around 1649 ticks were captured from six main body parts of 404 cattle. Of these 346 (65.96%) were observed to be plagued by one or more tick infestation. Compositions of tick species cap...
Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon
...d seasonal variation in abundance of Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) fauna were studied in five different habitats of various localities of central Sindh during March to December 2015. Adult specimens were captured/trapped through Malaise trap, Yellow pan water trap and insect hand net. As a result, a total of 783 specimens belonging to 8 species, 6 genera of two subfamilies were collected, among which Episurphusbaltatus, De Geer, Eritalinus aeneus, Scopo...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2 and Lariab Zahra Faiz2
...rodent distribution and abundance in North Punjab. The survey was conducted from February to December, 2015 using snap traps by applying line transect technique in wild area by using over 3840 trap nights in eight type of soil (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam). A total of 1571 animals were captured belonging to species of Nesokia indica, Mus musculus, Mus budooga, Millardia meltada, Tatera indica
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...; N = 2) were the least abundant. Snakes were more frequent in croplands and least frequent in barren areas.
... 
Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*
...). The distribution and abundance of species varied between exclosure and control sites, and between seasons. Livestock grazing in the area was the major problem encountered affecting the rodent population. As a result, proper conservation measures have to be implemented to solve the problems and safeguard the endemic wildlife in the Park....
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...i>CcSoxD genes were abundant in the brain, showed sexual dimorphism, and were inconsistently expressed during embryogenesis. These results indicated that CcSoxD plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and may be involved in sexual development in carp. And they provide a foundation for further study of the function of CcSoxD genes during carp development and neurogenesis.
...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
...mpare the diversity and abundance of different insect pollinators on canola (Brassica napus L. Var. Chakwal Sarsoon) crops along with managed Apis mellifera. Thirty five insect species belonging to twenty families under five orders were recorded on canola. Among the hymenopterans, abundance of managed A. mellifera was maximum (87.76%) followed by Apis florea (1.11%) and Apis dorsata (0.98%)...
Mohammad Siddique Munawar, Shazia Raja, Elizabeth Stephen Waghchoure* and Muhammad Barkat**
...st, P< 0.005) and moribund colonies got recovered with increased bee population while the control colonies collapsed. It is therefore concluded that shook swarm method should be incorporated for prevention as well as curing of AFB....
Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and Aftab Hussain5
...namely, Shahkot, Shalhodabuna, Sharra, Hanjar, Hkar gata and Muhammad Baig. During this study 10 different species belonging to 9 families, 5 orders and 10 genera of mammalswere identified. The reported species are Naemorhedus goral, Panthera pardus, Sus scrofa, Lepus nigricollis, Macaca mulatta, Canis aureus, Vulpes vulpes, Myotis myotis, Herpestes edwardsii and Hystrix indica. During the research jackals and fox species were dominant in ...
Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**
OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ober. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of Aedes mosquitoes were observed in Nowshera (19.3), Peshawar (16.4), Charsadda (13.1), and Mardan (9.8), respectively. Mean monthly positive ovitraps of species was high in May and October collected from Peshawar (32.5, 31.5), Nowshera (25.3, 26.8), Mardan (22.2, 16.8) and Charsadda (27, 26.9), r...
Abdul Haq*, Anjum Shehzad**, Muhammad Ilyas**, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**, Abdul Rauf Bhatti** and Mian Inayatullah*
DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS IN DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...ated values of relative abundance showed that is most abundant species in ecosystem followed by sp. and . All calculated values of diversity indices except Shannon-H does not show significant difference. Shannon's diversity shows that Naseem Town is most diverse locality then Nikrian B with relative values of 2.213 and 1.136....
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...iversity and population abundance of macrofaunal communities. Highest indices of macroinvertebrate diversity, richness and evenness were exhibited by Lychee (2.39, 12.00 and 1.00, respectively) among cultivated and grassland (2.44, 13.00 and 0.95, respectively) among natural land-use types. Rice-wheat crops and barren lands exhibited minimum values. Ants (Formicidae) (10-40%), beetles (Carabidae and Staphylinidae) (14-28%), spiders (Araneae) (5-18%) and earthw...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...>Anopheles mosquito abundance, relative humidity and temperature in Nsukka, Nigeria. Hospital records from three hospitals in Nsukka town: Bishop Shanahan Hospital, University of Nigeria Medical Centre and Sadiq Hospital were examined for malaria prevalence and intensity from January to July 2015. Indoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by standard procedures within the study duration. Meteorological data on relative humidity and temperatu...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...hatina was the most abundant species (35.6%) while A. degneri was the least (1.3%). Overall, 388 snails (62.8%) were infected. A. achatina had the highest (76.4%) prevalence of infection; A. degneri had the least (37.5%). A total of 1 563 helminthes belonging to three species Cosmocercoides sp., Capillaria sp. and Philonema sp. were recovered. Mean intensity of Capillaria in A. achatina was 8.33 (5.00...
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...ross all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (14.70 %), Coccinella transversalis (11.14 %) and Coccinella sexmaculata (10.29 %). Greater diversity (H´: 2.481), dominance (1-D: 0.8964) and evenness (J´: 0.7474) of coccinellid beetles were recorded from under-study sites. However, variations in the abun
Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2
...content and transcripts abundance of Lhcb2 gene in the selected leaves. Application of CaCl2 increased the RWC, proline and sugar content as well as the Lhcb2 expression in the leaves under both irrigation conditions; however, the effect was more prominent under water stress. In the control plants, water stress decreased RWC (-57%) and Lhcb2 transcript abundance (-44.37%) but increased proline (9.02 fold) and sugar content (...
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
...mposition; richness and abundance in general and predators in particular.
...
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
...elationship between the abundance of whitefly and percent parasitism; while both had a strong positive relationship with percent relative humidity and only a positive relationship with the average temperature. This study hopes to establish an understanding for cotton growers and researchers that how population of whitefly and its parasitism vary in relationship with abiotic factors among different cotton growing areas of Sindh province. Furthermore, this study...
Sherin Reda Rouby
... 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RPO30) together with tissue culture-adapted cattle LSDV/Ismailyia88 strain and two Sheep poxvirus vaccinal strains as control. LSDV yield amplicon differed in length by 21 nucleotides from those produced from SPPV either field or vaccinal strain. Among different LSD clinical samples, skin nodules and scabs are proved excellent sample material as they yield clear DNA bands that reflect t...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...regarding distribution, abundance and status of target species. Current review inspects different sampling techniques, various issues related to surveys design, application and ethical issues connected with these sampling techniques. It can be concluded from the literature survey that all sampling techniques have biasness related to geographical position, habitat and species under consideration. Pitfall traps are more effective for collection of ground dweller...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
... the decline of species abundance.. Regular conduct of surveys for important migratory birds to assess the population trend, abundance and patterns of their migration is another important step towards conservation of birds. To make an effective conservation of migratory birds, integration of different approaches for the protection of their habitats, and to prevent the illegal hunting and poaching, mitigating agricultural and...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...alue, we found the most abundant species was House sparrow (Passer domesticus), followed byOriental turtle dove(Streptopelia orientalis), Peaceful Dove (Geopelia striata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)and Red collared dove(Streptopelia tranquebarica).The threatened status of birds given in the checklist is as per IUCN Red List of ThreatenedSpecies2017.The presence of Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) in t...
Huma Ayub1,Iftikhar Ahmad2, Syed Lal Shah3,*, Muhammad Zafarullah Bhatti4, Nuzhat Shafi5 and Mazhar Qayyum1
...ton community was found abundant in summer as compared to winter. The copepods were found dominant followed by rotifers and cladocerans for entire study period. The spatial distribution of zooplankton was not found prominent as compared to their seasonal distribution. However, rotifers showed spatial difference among sampling stations (ANOVA, p-value < 0.05). The present study provides a first detailed spatial and seasonal distribution of zooplankton...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
Environmental Determinants of Zooplankton Community in the Damietta Estuary of the Nile River, Egypt
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...f the total zooplankton abundance. Copepods and their larval stages contributed 36.2%. Rotifers ranked the third important group (12.6%). Protozoa contributed 10.6% of the total community. According to the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the variations in the species data were significantly (P< 0.05) related to salinity, temperature, phosphate concentration and phytoplankton biomass. The main spatial gradients along the estuary were associated with...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1, Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...ed to identify relative abundance of members of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 150 goats) were randomly collected from nasal discharge, pleural fluid and lung tissues, and streaked into Pleuropneumonia like organism (PPLO) medium for isolation and identification of Mycoplasma species. Confirmed mycoplasma isolates were subjected to species specific PCR to identify members of...
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
... column microalgal cell abundance varied from 78×103 to 147×103cells/L, with an average of 97.2×103 cells/L. The abundance of microalgae in gut was 137.30×103, 105.30×103 and 204.14×103 cells/g of gut of Tilapia, milkfish and glassfish, respectively. In gut, microalgae of Bacillariophyceae were 60, 81 and 61% among total mic...
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
...ut the Asia. The recent abundance of pest in Pakistan is in ascending order that requires high attention. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the emerging suitation of WBPH in Sindh province which is the main stack holding area of rice. Three different ecological zones of Sindh province including Larkana, Jacobabad and Badin were selected. The study was based on a sample of 25 tillers covering all area from an acre in order to record the pest populat...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...h baseline knowledge of abundance, diversity and multivariate structure of macrobenthos in the East China Sea of Xiangshan and elucidate main environmental variables that shape their spatial patterns. The environment of the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. Environmental variables of sediment and water column were studied to provide models for spatial patterns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spa...
Hans Van Eyghen
...rn scientific theories debunk belief in spirits. I reconstruct the argument as an argument for the conclusion that belief in spirits is unreliably formed. In order to assess the argument I look closer at three well-known explanations of how people form belief in spirits. They are: the Hyperactive Agency Detection Device, an explanation that points to the effect of infrasound, and an explanations that points to the effect of magnetic variance. I argue that the ...
Kiran Aftab1,*,Muhammad Asim2, Muhammad Khalil Nawaz2, M. Adeeb Babar2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2 and Zaheer Ahmed3
Mouslim Bara1,2,* and Luciano N. Segura3
...major predictor of bird abundance and richness along large-scale environmental gradients, but mechanisms by which climate influences the bird abundance are still unknown. We analyzed seasonal variations on the bird community structure of Rallidae and Anatidae families in the northeastern Algerian Garaet Hadj Tahar for three consecutive years (September 2012 to August 2015). We studied the effect of air temperature and water ...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...ided shelter, cover and abundant supply of insects to the chicks. The study concludes that the breeding season of Chukor partridge in Dir Lower starts from February and lasts up to July, with successful nesting, egg laying and hatching.
...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...nd its six varieties (shubunkin, comet, black moor, oranda, double tail and fantail); molly Poeciliasphenops; platy Xiphophorus maculates; sword tail Xiphophorus helleri; guppy Poecilia reticulata; tiger oscar Astronotus ocellatus; koi carp Cyprinus carpio; giant gourami Osphronemus goramy; blue line shark Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and silver shark Balanitiocheilos melanopterus. The health s...
Nadia Sharif1, *Neelma Munir1 and Shagufta Naz1
MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE
...>...
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...mical attributes of the abundantly produced fruit wastes and their efficiency for economic production of C. tropicalis SS1 which could be used as SCP supplementing animal feed’s formulations....
Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2
Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3
Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
... noted that most
abundant species of the study area were little egret, cattle egret, greater flamingo, greater egret, and common coot. It
is concluded that bird species number are decreasing with passage of time when the data were compared with the
previous research due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact....
abundant species of the study area were little egret, cattle egret, greater flamingo, greater egret, and common coot. It
is concluded that bird species number are decreasing with passage of time when the data were compared with the
previous research due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact....
Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...stes/residues generated abundantly in energy deficient countries like Pakistan, having enormous
energy potential, are not utilized efficiently and considered as wastes only. The present review focuses on the current
research on algal-bacterial consortia and the construction of consortia by keeping in view the environmental
conditions of country, suitable for microalgal growth to deal with pollution control and production of animal/fish fee...
energy potential, are not utilized efficiently and considered as wastes only. The present review focuses on the current
research on algal-bacterial consortia and the construction of consortia by keeping in view the environmental
conditions of country, suitable for microalgal growth to deal with pollution control and production of animal/fish fee...
Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*
Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Saira Batool2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Salma Begum2
Residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on abundance of insect pollinators in marigold field patch
...mbda-cyhalothrin on the abundance of insect
pollinators was recorded under field and a semi- field conditions. Recommended
dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (0.093gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were exposed to insecticide treated
plants for one hour. The mortality rate of honey bees in the cont...
pollinators was recorded under field and a semi- field conditions. Recommended
dose of lambda-cyhalothrin (0.093gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were exposed to insecticide treated
plants for one hour. The mortality rate of honey bees in the cont...
Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari
Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
Faiz Muhammad1,2, Canfeng Dou1, Zhen-ming Lü1,*, Li Gong1, Xun Du1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...t of Mitochondrial DNA subunit ATPase 6, thirty haplotypes and 140 polymorphic sites were noted, whereas (0.740, 0.048) high and low haplotype and nucleotide diversity observed. The data was further tested with AMOVA that validates 91.24% variation among populations and 8.76% within population. Genetic fixation index was also calculated as 0.91243*. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis revealed three lineages. The Dongshan population distinctly has ...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
...i Reghis avifauna. Bird abundance, species richness and species diversity were significantly higher in pure pine woodlands than in mixed oak-pine and oak forests. According to PERMANOVA and ANOSIM tests, and the NMDS plot, the avian assemblages of Sidi Reghis Mountain varied significantly between different habitats. Further, SIMPER test indicated that six of the seven species were responsible for the mean of 50% of dissimilarity between sampled habitats. The ...
Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4
...ochar samples. The most abundant functional groups found in spectra of all biochar samples were C=C aromatic and O-H except in MC biochar. It was concluded from the results that being highly porous in structure, high in carbon content and containing all the identified functional groups, SS biochar was found the best to be used as soil amendment that could have positive effect on improving the soil health. Moreover, the animal manure is recommended to be used a...
Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3*
...akistan is blessed with abundant natural resources, especially vast agricultural resources on account of its fertile irrigated land, four seasons and glorious history of old traditions of farming. The current study is designed to analyse the response of participants an informal and formal supply chains for small-scale dairy farmers in Pakistan. The study aimed at explaining the costs of the chosen supply channels and their transaction costs, the role of the mi...
Liyan Zhang1,2, Zhidong Zhou1,3, Haiping Li1,2, Yanlong Qiao4, 5 and Yueping Zhang1,3,*
...A cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to evaluate the population genetics and elaborate the historical demography of Scomber japonicus collected from four geographical locations in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters. The results of genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of S. japonicus showed that these four populations exhibited moderate genetic diversity across the sampled geographical range of the species. Howev...
Christine Jeske
...rely on having a certain bundle of resources, connections, or circumstances, but on gaining a tenuous moral approbation. Well-being, then, is actually produced or reduced in sites where people publically negotiate the morality of their life choices. In this article, I examine one such setting of negotiation: church testimonies of Zulu South Africans. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, I describe how testimonies—brief spontaneous personal accounts of change...
Huma Khalil1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1, Farghama Khalil2 and Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1
...to December, while less abundant in the remaining months of the year. ...
Tazeen Jamil, Saba Ijaz, Rabia Arif*, Faiza Akram and Muhammad Saleem
... diversity due to their abundance in eukaryotic genomes and their insertion in coding regions leads to altered gene expression. We examined the diversity of retroelements in four consecutive generations of different strains of Sordaria fimicola. The parental strains werecollected from two contrasting environments of Evolution Canyon i.e. harsh South facing slope and neutral North facing slope. Retroelements profiles were generated in order to det...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...cyte, which is the most abundant cell subset in blood vessel, also exists in cartilage zone. It has recently been shown that chicken erythrocytes constitutively express toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and avian β-defensins (AvBDs). Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, thiram has been used to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the chickens were injected with different doses of recombin...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...or which determined the abundance of A. fuscicollis. Maize, grasses and the wild flowers could explain the alternating distribution of A. fuscicollis between the maize field and the field margins in the farmland.
...
Zhengfei Wang*, Dan Tang, Xuejia Shi, Huayun Guo, Xiuping Chen, Daizheng Zhang and Boping Tang*
...red the most common and abundant species and predators at the top of food chain in the hydrothermal vent ecosystem. However, the genetic basis for the adaptation of hydrothermal vents crabs to the harsh environment remains poorly explored.The objectives of this study were to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptability in vent crabs and to confirm if there is a correlation between mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) and adaptation...
Mohammed Anas Chowdhury1, Md. Abdul Karim1, Md. Tayfur Rahman1, Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat1, Ashikur Rahman1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain2*
...en identified. The most abundant family was recorded as Cyprinidae covering 36%, while the least abundant family was Gobidae and Plotosidae comprising 1%. A Shannon-Weaver diversity index was fluctuated between 2 to 2.5 with mean value 2.30±0.14, which reveals exposer to light pollution in study area. The peak Pielou’s evenness index value was 2.2 in April and the lowest value 1.47 in July with mean value 1.93&p...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Akram Qazi2, Shaukat Ali1*
...i>cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in spiders used as a marker to delimit species. Based on morphological identification and sequencing of CO1 gene, a total of 22 species of spiders belonging to five families were investigated and compared within each species and among families for nucleotide frequency distribution of all species collected. We had found non-significant difference in frequency of nucleotides in COI within ...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...istribution with higher abundance during night. Among the thirty-zooplankton taxa observed, Copepoda formed the dominant taxa. Of the total 70 copepod species observed during the study eight species are new records from the Gulf of Aqaba region. The current study also witness conspicuous diel variation of five copepod species within the water column (Acartia negligens, Clausocalanus furcatus, Lucicutia flavicornis, Pleuromamma indica
Raja Imran Hussain* and Iqra Yousaf
...te the shifts of rodent abundances among five sets of three different habitat types (human dwellings, agricultural and non-agricultural land). It was also expected that trapping in non-agricultural land and human dwellings could reduce wheat damage. 30 trap stations were placed in each cropland, non-agricultural land and human dwellings for twelve months. Rodent abundance was high in cropland and negatively correlated with h...
Muhammad Usman Akhtar1,2, Abdul Qayum3, Anshan Shan1,*, Shuli Chou1, Hyeonsoo Jo4, Syed Waqas Ali Shah4 and Ishfaq Muhammad5
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...f fruits. Covering fruit bunches with bags were also not productive and profitable; therefore, the growers switched to solar tunnel drying but couldn’t get the required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidity, which affect fruit quality. During dates’ drying process high temperature and low humidity is required. This research was conducted at Arid Zone Research Center, D.I. Khan, Pak...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...>...
Yating Cheng1, Wenlong Shi1, Xue Xiao2, Qirong Zhang2, Qihao Zhang1, Zhijian Su1, Qi Xiang1,2* and Yadong Huang1,2
...agen is one of the most abundant proteins in humans and plays an essential role in cell maintenance and organization. Collagen has a unique triple-helix structure composed of three polypeptides, and hydroxylation of proline residues is vital for the stability of this triple-helix. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) is an enzyme with an α2β2 tetramer arrangement that functions to post-translationally hydroxylate proline residues in the collagen chain. The &a...
Ahmed Zia1*, Iqtidar Hussain2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Muzaffar Shah3 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti1
... in to record richness, abundance and species complex of Odonata. It revealed four families, fifteen genera and twenty-six species. Among recorded fauna, family Libellulidae appeared to be a dominant group representing 19 species, followed by family Coenagrionidae with 5 species and family Calopterygoidae and Aeshnidae representing single species each. Being a flying insect group, seasonal surveys and temporal data collection for odonates in this ecologically ...
Nadia Saeed1, Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muzafar Shah4*
...us sp. was found in abundance from Abbottabad and Mansehra alongwith other parasitic nematodes including Aphelenchus avenae, Tylenchus species, Pratylenchus species, Psilenchus species, Meloidogyne species and Trichodorus species. Carbofuran (inorganic) and poultry manure (organic) in recommended amounts were used for management and results showed that both were effective against phytonematodes. Value of P for the effect ...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...cument distribution and abundance of vertebrate pests in District (Bagh), Azad Kashmir. The study was conducted in three areas (Harighel fields, Grid colony fields and Iqbal colony fields during mid April to mid December 2017 by selecting 5 model plots of maize. On each study site, line transect method for small mammalian pest, for large mammals spot light count and for birds point count methods were used to determine abunda...
Mahnoor Pervez and Farkhanda Manzoor*
... were positive and most abundant pesticides in nectar were imidacloprid (8%), thiamethoxam (6%) and fipronil (5%). In pollen samples, the residual level of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was detected at a level of 0.032 - 0.76 ng/g and 0.055 - 0.78 ng/g, respectively while in nectar samples imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were detected at a level of 0.009 - 0.53 ng/g and 0.045 -0.76 ng/g, respectively. The results obtained suggest careful monitoring of pesticide ...
Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3
...anum nigrum L. The most abundant and flourished weeds were Cyprus rotundus L, and Cynodon dactylon. Results revealed that peach organic sources (biochar) and Trichoderma drastically reduced weeds frequency, weeds biomass at flowering, pods formation and physiological maturity stages. However, P highest and moderate (100 and 75 kg P ha-1) rates were remained the same for weeds biomass. When compared with the economic analysis and profitability of soybean the hi...
Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan
...yll region with vascular bundle and the lower epidermis. The leaf features showed that palisade ratio was (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal index were (42.72). Transverse section of the root showed outer epidermal cells, cortex and pericycle, xylem and phloem cells. Powder drug microscopy, ash analysis, extractive values and fluorescence analysis were also studied. Preliminary phytochemical scre...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...ecies including; Dorcabune anthracotherioides, Dorcatherium majus and Dorcatherium minus. To assess habitat stability for the Neogene tragulids, dental remains from the middle Miocene-early Pliocene, ca. 13.5-4.0 Ma outcrops of the Siwalik of Pakistan were analyzed for the occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasia. According to our results there was a lower occurrence of enamel hypoplasia (13%) in the tragulid fossils from the middle Miocene ...
Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
...individuals. With their abundance Danauas chrysippus (F130, F314 and D3 24.11), followed by Junonia orytha (F121, F310 and D3 11.86), while Papilio polytes, Junonia hierta and Euthalia garuda showed minimum (F12, F 31 and D3 0.2) of each species. The Shannon diversity (H’) is high in union council (UC) Koaz Bahram Dheri (H’= 6.05) followed by UC Dhaki (H’= 4.38), while Simpson diversity (1/D) is more signifi...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...ntial (BMP) of the most abundant feed-stocks i.e., dairy manure (DM) and food wastes (FW) in agrarian countries by anaerobic digestion (AD) and co-digestion (Co-AD) under mesophilic (35 ± 2 ﹎) settings at substrate to microorganism (S / M) ratio of 1.0 based on volatile solids (VS) for 30 days. Solids [Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), fixed solids (FS) and their ratios as (VS / TS)] determinations were also carried out for process monitoring. ...
Mounir R. Abi-Said1, Mohammad Al Zein2, Mohammad A. Abu Baker3 and Zuhair S. Amr3,4*
...by the availability and abundance of species and shifting to urban rodents.
...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
... recorded remarkably at abundant level. Present sudy concludes that the Trifolium alexandrinum noted to be high moistured vegetation, Senegalia senegal appeared considerably rich in organic matter and Cordia sinensis (Linn.) in total inorganic matter. Capparis deciduas pertained considerable concentration of crude protein, Zea mays high ether extract, Calligonum polygonoides beared significantly high level of caro...
Gulnaz Afzal1, Ghulam Mustafa2*, Shakila Mushtaq3 and Amer Jamil4
...l Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 (CO1). In this study, we distinguished five species of spiders using their CO1 gene sequences and compared them with 40 earlier published sequences, retrieved from GenBank on the bases of maximum similarity index. The sequences of gene encoding CO1 of all five spider species were deposited in GenBank. Out of five spiders in this study, three species i.e. Leucauge decorata, Oxyopes javanus and Pard...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...eries) using population abundance and dynamics of edaphic springtails (collembola) and mites (acari) as bioindicators. Using metallic soil corer (10 cm length and 10 cm diameter), extensive random soil sampling was carried out from selected localities in district Sargodha (Punjab, Pakistan) and soil microarthropods (i.e. springtails and mites) were extracted from composite soil samples using Tullgren-Berlese funnel. Impact of collection seasons (i.e....
Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3
...s, Type IV was the most abundant followed by Type VI whereas Type I and VII were rarely found on the leaf of the tested genotypes. Among the non-glandular trichomes, Type V was most abundant compared to II, III VIII. RomaVF had higher trichome density (52.58±0.49 and 62.48±2.7 per mm2) followed Bambino (48.60±1.95 and 49.71±71 per mm2) and Roma (45.82±2.11 and 51.65±2.47 per mm2) on ...
Gong Ga1,2 and SuoLang Sizhu2,*
... HEV antigens were abundantly observed in the portal of liver, medulla of spleen, glomeruli of kidney and villi of intestine of HEV infected swine. In conclusion, HEV was prevalent with high rate in swine population in Tibet province.
...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
...tudy, the diversity and abundance of crabs from Buner district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan were looked over, over a period of three years extending from June 2013 till June 2016, collected at different sampling points. Extensive surveys were conducted for three years at different timings during the active periods of crab life. To have a comprehensive study of the crab fauna of Buner District, nine different localities were selected for conduction of survey....
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...showed maximum relative abundance whereas Helocopris bucephalus (0.15 %) and Onthophagus bonasus (0.15 %)were the least abundant species. A. contaminatus, A. fossor and C. indicus were recorded only in August and September whereas C. pithecius and C. platypus were noted in September only. O. gazella were recorded inJuly, August and September, however, O. castaneous <...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
...of the overall relative abundance. Diet is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota. Because of large differences in host diet between summer and winter, there are significant differences in microbiota community structures according to Amova (SS=0.3871; MS=0.387; Fs=6.856; P<0.001**). In winter, goitered gazelle must face cold weather as well as shortages in water and forage. To survive in a harsh environment, the relative a
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
...the substance exhibited abundant biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Subsequently, the following top 10 hub genes were identified to the PPI network: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit β, ribosomal 60S subunit protein (RPL) 8A, RPL9A, RPL6B, ribosomal 40S subunit protein (RPS) 9B, RPL31B, RPL27B, RPS14B, RPL22B and RPL22A. In conclu...
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...d area, possibly due to abundant local fishery resources and forging behavior of seabirds. The MaxEnt model with the area under receiver operating curve (AUC) value of 0.957 for training data and 0.935 for test data showed reliable and accurate prediction. The distance to coast (64.7% contribution) and bathymetry (30.7% contribution) were the major variables. The model predicted extensive suitable coastal habitat of seabirds in northern Beibu Gulf. The present...
Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan1
...a under 3 families. The abundant family was recorded as Libellulidae that was comprised of 19 species belonging to 11 genera, family Gomphidae included 3 species belonging to 3 genera and family Aeshnidae included one species belonged to one genus. Detailed description of each species, valid scientific names, their habitat, ecological observation, collection date and distributional range for all recorded species are provided. ...
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal
Aurang Zeb, Abdur Rab and Shujaat Ali*
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...s. Spiders are the most abundant predators of insect pests in the agroecosystem. The present study was designed to assess and compare acute and residual toxicity of two insecticides i.e Spiromesifen and Thiamethoxam on the lynx spider Oxyopes javanus Thorell, 1887 under laboratory conditions. The field rate of both insecticides caused approximately 50% mortality in the population of O. javanus. Toxicity data showed that these insect...
Faisal Shabbir*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*
EFFECT OF COCONUT FIBER AND MARBLE WASTE ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
...bers (CF)
are abundantly available in tropical regions. These two raw materials can be used as a partial cement replacement
in concrete. In this research, a combination of CF and marble dust (MD) has been investigated. Cubes were formed
for compressive strength and beams were formed for flexure strength tests using different percentages of cement, CF
and MD. It has been found that the combination affects the streng...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...P. segenti was most abundant specie and a strong positive linear correlation exists between sandflies collected and the patients reported from the area. It was observed that as the number of sandflies increased, the number of patients with Leishmaniasis increased, and as the number of sand flies decreased, the number of patients decreased. The most affected age group was 1-10 years. The disease was more prevalent in males (57.26) as compared to females (42...
Sumaira, Ali Mujtaba Shah*, Ghulam Asghar Solangi, Ifra Anwar, Qudratullah Kalwar
...es, camel milk contains abundant proteins which are conductive to improve the immunity functions. Thus, it is necessary to illuminate the beneficial impact of camel milk and its composition.
Amir Naveed1, Unsia Habib1, Fouzia Parveen2, Syed Naveed Ul Hasan1, Muddasar Habib1, Irfan Shah1
AN INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL DEPOSITS OF MAKARWAL PAKISTAN AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON SURROUNDING WATER-CASE STUDY
...and Pb. Whereas, Fe was abundant in Mk-B coal samples. These results can be used as a helping tool for the prediction of environmental risks associated with coal mining in Makarwal area. Further, the water samples of Makarwal area were also analyzed and found to be contaminated with heavy metal pollutants....
Iftikhar Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1
CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMICS WALL TILES USING LOCAL TALC AS A FLUXING AGENT
...um silicate mineral, is abundantly available in Pakistan. Internationally talc is used with other raw materials to produce wall tiles. But due to difference in mineralogical locations of the local talc and other raw materials, a local optimum wall tile composition was needed which can lead to the utilization of abundant talc resources in Pakistan. Considering this fact, here, several different compositions are...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
...pecies with the highest abundance was Orthetrum pruinosum, followed by Libellago xanthocyana. The highest dragonfly species abundance was found in the plantation land, while the lowest was found in the primary forest or around the waterfall. The highest dragonfly richness index, species diversity index (H’), and species evenness index were found in the secondary forest, followed by the primary forest. The...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...elated to diversity and abundance. Results might be beneficial in developing the strategy for natural biological control. This can only be achieved by coordinated planning and conservation measures among sites.
...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...higher in relative high abundance (+++) more than other constituents such as the cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins are moderate in abundance (other constituents such as the cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins that were moderate in abundance (++). There was a dose duration dependent (p < 0.05) decrease in RBC in all the groups. There were also duration-d...
Debunking Myths about COVID-19, Paranoiac Misconceptions, Recent Developments and its Current Stance
Zumama Khalid1, Muhammad Abrar Yousaf2, Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Muhammad Munir3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
Muhammad Ahsan Naseer1, Mehdi Maqbool1, Saima Rafiq2*, Noosheen Zahid1, Abdul Hamid1 and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah1
Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Attributes of Edible Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collected from Three Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Located at Different Elevations
... (Hajira, Dwarandi, Akhorbun) and Kotli (Sehnsa, Kotli city, Khoiratta)] of AJK. Samples of wild fig fruits were collected and analysed for physical (fruits weight, fruits diameter, neck length) and biochemical attributes (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total moisture, vitamin C, total phenolic and antioxidant activity). Results showed that wild figs obtained from diverse localities have different attributes in terms of physical as well biochemi...
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
... of its range. The most abundant species of river swat was Schizothorax plagiostomus while the least abundant species was Schizothoraicthys macropthalmus. However, all of the species of genera Schizothorax and Schizothoraicthys facing drastic decline in their distribution range and within River Swat due to introduction of exotic salmons and overfishing.
...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
...distichum were the most abundant species with 9 and 8 plants/m2, respectively. Echinochloa crussgalli and C. difformis with a density of 5 plants/m2. Weeds were non-uniformly distributed in various families including Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Lythraceae, Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, and Salviniaceae that accounted for 36 species (54.5 percent). Accurate and specific weed maps are the key to achieving all the benefits of weed management. When in an area the distributio...
Amir Aziz1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Effect of Rice and Wheat Straw and K-Silicate Application on Maize Growth
...nked second in terms of abundance on earth surface and is very important for the growth of plants particularly under stress. Silicon is considered as quasiessential element for plant growth. The benefits of silicate fertilization are often correlated with the amount of silicon uptake by plants. In order to evaluate the growth and yield behavior of maize crop in response to different source of Si (straw and potassium silicate), a pot experiment was conducted at...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...for the distribution or abundance study of aquatic species. DNA extracting was an indispensable process to employ this method. In eDNA extracting of macro-organisms, DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit was commonly used, but its price was about 80 RMB/sample, which was too expensive. Cheaper eDNA extraction kit was a potential aspect for improvement to expand further application of eDNA analysis. In order to examine some cheaper kits’ effectiveness of extracting...
Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1
... frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also noted for liver, in parallel with hepatocyte degeneration and heterogenic vascular construction origin...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...oundings influenced the abundance and number of water dependent and terrestrial bird species directly and indirectly in agricultural habitats.
...
Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz*, Azhar Rafique and Asma Ashraf
...i> (1100) were the most abundant. Murree Wildlife park had only two species i.e. Eimeria (3850) and Strongyloides (350). In Bahawalanagar Wildlife Park, 4 species of endo-parasites were found (Eimeria = 1450, Strongyloides = 550, Heterakis = 350 and Hymenolepsis = 550). Levamisole was more efficient against endo-parasites as compared to Albandazole. Efficacy of Levamisole at Lahore, Murree and Bahawalnagar wildlife par...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1
Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
...percent span length(mm), bundle strength(g/tex), micronaire (µg/in), fibre elongation (%), uniformity ratio and yield plant-1(g). Using Mahalanobis D2 analysis, these parameters were assembled into seven clusters. Among these clusters, cluster I and VII were largest each having nine and eight genotypes respectively, followed by cluster VI having seven genotypes. According to the illustrations by using hierarchical cluster analysis, total genotypes were g...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nosheen Farooq1, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Arshad Javid2, Irfan Baboo3, Misbah Shoukat1 and Muhammad Aslam Khan4
...ly culicinae). The most abundant species was Armigeres subalbatus.
...
Oluwatobi Emmanuel Olaniyi1,2*, Chukwudiemeka Onwuka Martins2, Mohamed Zakaria2
...-significantly relative abundance (p>0.05) of PPI and AP. PW recorded the higher estimates of site occupancy, naïve occupancy and detection probability by PPI and AP. The findings implied that PW is more abundant in PPI and AP as compared to PIW. Also, it ascertained that the homogenous sites due to proximity (10km) with different wetland types (natural and artificial) could convey varied population estimates ...
Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Mubashar Hussain1*, Moazama Batool3 and Muhammad Faheem Malik1
...in both years. The most abundant species were the Black-headed gull and the great cormorant in both years. The density of population was higher in 2010 (139.93 / km²) than in 2011(80.38 / km²). The level of Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ in the surface water were within the permissible limits. However, the levels of Cr2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
...iable lapwing. The most abundant species were asian green bee-eater, red-vented bulbul, house sparrow and common myna, and no species was unique to a single site in the DVNP. Highest abundance, richness and diversity was recorded in Deva, with lowest community measures recorded in Barmala. Species richness and diversity peaked in September and was lowest in November. Applying a suite of community composition analyses, bird c...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
...appeared to be the most abundant species both in mango and guava orchards as compared to B. dorsalis. The highest mean number of B. zonata (3690.57 flies/trap) was captured in August 2018 in guava orchard. From October, 2018 onward up to February 2019, population of B. zonata tended to decline with the lowest catches (122.5 and 152.8 flies/trap, respectively) in January and February, 2019. In mango orchard, peak population of B. zonata<...
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...ial membrane peptidase subunit 2 gene (IMMPL2) on SSC18. Further association analysis revealed that the L1-(GT)n locus was significantly associated with teat number (p < 0.05) and that the 152-bp allele exhibited the most positive association. Our data indicate that the L1-(GT)n microsatellite could represent a potential DNA marker with which to increase the number of teats. Thus could help to improve production in the pi...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4, Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
...ly richness, diversity, abundance and evenness of soil inhabiting Prostigmata mites population in disturbed and undisturbed soil were estimated from five different localities of Punjab, Pakistan. Soil sampling was done after two months interval for a year 2014. Family richness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as compared to the disturbed one in all the localities, while low variability...
Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*
...sms (SNPs) are the most abundant genetic markers in the human genome. SNPs are used in forensics for predicting the externally visible characteristics of a given individual based on a sample of DNA alone. In this study, we tested degraded DNA samples to determine the eye color prediction accuracy of the IrisPlex system. We used five years old bloodstains and UVC exposed (30 and 60 min) DNA samples. PCR and electrophoresis were performed. The multinomial logist...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...lum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased (from 34.96% to 77.31%) with the increasing of enrofloxacin exposure dosage. The dominant position of Tenericutes was replaced by Proteobacteria, and in parallel the proportion of Tenericutes slumped to 3.85%. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Mycoplasma, dropped down from 58.38% to 3.85%, and Vibrio increased (from 15.23% to 40.8%) to be...
A.E.S. Patrick1,*, S. Kuganathan2 and U. Edirisinghe3
...al species richness and abundance.
...
Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1
...the coastline. Relative abundance of the fishes was determined using visual techniques. Sea water physiochemical parameters were determined. A total of 58 fish species in 33 genera and 24 families were recorded at 10 different dive sites. High diversity occurred at Churna Island following Mubarak Village and Astola Island. Majority of the recorded fishes were planktivorous. Compare to Churna and Mubarak Village, physico-chemical parameters at Astola Island wer...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1, Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*
...l insecticides are used abundantly to suppress the pest population. The use of host-plant resistance is an alternative tool to control cotton insect-pests. The current research was aimed to identify the cotton physio-morphological marker to manage pressure of sucking pests such as jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) on cotton. To this end, the present research was con...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Ying Wang1, Ding Zhang1, Yu-hai Bi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,Qian-qian Cheng1 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...s erythrocytes are most abundant cells circulating in the body which participate in inflammation and immune responses. However, expression levels of prostaglandins-related genes in H9N2 infected chicken’s erythrocytes have not been studied yet. So, the present study was designed to investigate the PG-related genes in erythrocytes of H9N2 infected chickens. In current study, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the expression level...
Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
...nd to be influenced the abundance of surgical diseases in the study area. The outcome of this study will add to the existing knowledge on the effects of biological and environmental variables on the prevalence of bovine surgical affections in Mymensingh and its surrounding localities....
Aurang Zeb1, Abdur Rab1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Ijaz Hussain2, Shah Masaud Khan2, Israr Ahmad1, Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Shakila Umer3 and Muhammad Abbas1
Aneeqa Saleem1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed1* and Mehwish Iqtedar2
Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2, Shah Najaf Mukhtar1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1
...E. orientalis were less abundant species. Maximum numbers of mite specimens (12056 numbers) were collected from tehsil Sargodha, while minimum specimens (6499 numbers) were recorded from tehsil Sahiwal. The results are discussed concerning the abundance of mites that are the major citrus pests and dominant predacious mite species as candidates for biological control of various arthropods in Sargodha citrus.
Aioub Sofizadeh1, Ehsan Allah Kalteh2, Shahin Saeedi3, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani4*
...ighest distribution and abundance in the region and was recognized as the leading cause of scorpion sting in the region. O. farzanpayi and M. caucasicus are new to the scorpion’s species of this province. M. eupeus is the most prevalent species in Golestan Province and is one of the dangerous the scorpion in the region.
Novelty Statement | For the first time, we determined the distribution o...
Shujaa Arshad1, Muhammad Umair1*, Rana Shahzad Noor1, Chaudhry Arslan2, Arslan Afzal1 and Zafar Islam3
...tan has blessed with an abundance of solar energy in most parts of the country and desiccant cooling technology in an environment as well as user-friendly technology. The objective of this study was to test the developed system for local conditions of Pakistan so that this technology can be promoted to be used in agriculture for control sheds/greenhouses for cooling demands using solar energy. The system was developed using local materials and was installed to...
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1,
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1,
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
...ult male age group with abundant areolar and dense irregular connective tissue all skin regions. Skin appendages (sebaceous and sweat gland, and hair follicle) was well developed and distributed in papillary and reticular layer in adult age group, while in young age group mainly observed at papillary dermal layer of all body regions. Sweat gland was mainly baggy-tubular shaped based on L/D ratio 7.64 to 8.3 range in all body skin regions, contain higher volume...
Tariq Mahmood1*, Luqman Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Naeem2
...rs and 74 families. The abundance and diversity of avian species in a specific habitat can serve as a useful measure of their ecological status. In response to land use changes, 20-25% of pre-agricultural birds have vanished. In the current study, we documented diversity and abundance of the avifauna occurring at Manglot Wildlife Park, District Nowhere, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanfrom September 2017 to July 2018. Data were ...
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2
..., titratable acidity and bunch rot incidence decreased significantly, while total soluble solids, total phenolic content, total sugars, and reducing sugars increased significantly when compared to regulation. In comparison to the other treatments, the growth of lateral shoots was significantly higher in the control.At bloom and four weeks after bloom, FZLR increased the fruit’s quality attributes.The proper penetration of light and air in the plants, as ...
Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*
Kiran Shahjeer1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1 and Toheed Iqbal2
.... Species diversity and abundance are expected more diverse collections in these and other similar areas. These findings can be strengthened by modern techniques of molecular identification....
Asif Sadam*, Rahmat Ullah Khan and Sajid Mahmood
... to colonize and become abundant in highly urbanized areas. Bird species were identified in point counts without distance estimation, in three habitats: urban area, residential area, and agricultural area. Twelve sampling sites were selected in well-defined habitats in Mardan district. Bird species traits were taken from field observations and published literature. The trend and variation in traits was recorded along a sampled gradient of decreasing urbanizati...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1
...ce its active compounds abundantly and to propagate purple and white-purple varieties of O. aristatus. A strategy that can be adopted to achieve plant tissue culture (callus induction). This research aim is to identify secondary metabolite in callus using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The profiling of ethanol extracts of callus of two varieties O. aristatus were carried out using solvent system toluene-ethyl acetate- formic acid-water (3:3:1:0.2).&nbs...
El-Dougdoug K.A.1, Sofy A.R.2, Rehab A. Dawoud3 and Korkar H.M.4
...
eliminationbanana bunchy top virus(BBTV) through preservation of shoot tips on
MS media containing high sucrose concentration at low temperature. Shoot tips and
subculture 1st of banana plantlets were preservedsuccessfully for 12 months on
storage MS medium supplemented with 40, 50, 60 and70 gL-1 at 10, 15 and 20ᴼC.
The highest survival percentage 100% with recorded with 40 and 50gm sucrose
c...
Mansour, L. L.*; Othman, B. A. **; Abd-EL Ghaffar, M. H. **; Eman, M. Marai** and Sahar, A. Youssef*
... group.
...
Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3
...mainly based on the S1 subunit of Spike (S) gene. In the present study, thirty tracheal samples of broiler flocks suspected to be infected with IBV were collected from different Egyptian governorates during 2012. Isolation and genetic characterizations were carried out for only ten samples which were positive for IBVs. Multiple nucleotide and amino acids alignments revealed prominent nucleotide substitutions which affect amino acids composition of HVR3 of S1 s...
Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2
...ycoprotein D (HSV-2gD) subunit was amplified using specific PCR primers.PCR product was molecularly cloned in t E.coli cells using PCR2.1/TOPO/ TA cloning vector. HSV-2gD fragment was liberated from 1 μg recombinant plasmid by using the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. HSV-2gD was successfully sub-cloned into binary plant expression vector PBI-121. HSV-2gD subunit-containing binary vector PBI 121 were transformed into Agro...
Amel, S.M. Abo-Senna1; M.A. Nasr-Eldin2; B.A. Othman3 and A.A. Megahed4
... deformation of vascular bundles. The effect of late ZYMV infection decreased fresh weight and yield of squash plants....
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
...imed to investigate the abundance of rhizobiophages in Egypt. Rhizobiophages were isolated from the rhizosphere of different legume plants. While no temperate phages were detected, two groups of phages were determined based on their virulence. Highly virulent phages designated as group V showed clear plaques and were able to infect many of Rhizobium species and strains. The other group of phages was less virulent and showed turbid plaques implied as group L. T...
Ruqayya Bint Khalid1, Asif Nadeem1,2*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir3 and Masroor Ellahi Babar4
...;-casein is second most abundant protein of cow’s milk. β-caseingene is highly polymorphic. A1 and A2 are the frequently occurred variants. A1 is recognized as potential cause of several human diseases. It is important to evaluate the A1/A2 β-casein status in milk. Current study was conducted to molecular characterize the exonic regions of β-casein gene and to explore the status of A1/A2 β-casein type in Cholistani cattle breed of Pak...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...ions, respectively. The abundance of fruit flies showed a significant correlation with temperature and slight negative relativity with humidity. The result suggests that high temperature enhances the fruit flies activity in connection with the availability of fruiting parts. The present investigations would be helpful to attain effective integrated pest management campaign in guava orchards.
...
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
...rch their food in light abundant environment and raise their broods in dark cavities. However their visual performance in dim light conditions is largely unknown. Here, we compared light intensity threshold of activity in two groups of passerines, i.e. secondary cavity and non-cavity nesting. For this purpose, different species of secondary cavity and non-cavity nesting passerines were subjected to two phases of trials: in the first trial birds were rel...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...te relative
abundance of LSDV sequences in the sampled tick population compared to other known organisms
detected.
Results: Five ticks randomly selected from those collected were PCR positive for LSDV. 6 ticks
randomly selected from the collected ticks were pooled and this pool was also positive for LSDV
using PCR. The modified RT PCR gave inconclusive results. Metagenomics analysis indicated the
Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder
...nd width of the vascular bundle.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that SEA-CMV-isolate under study (acc. no.
MT491996) closely related (99.9%) to Beet-EG-CMV-isolate (JX826591), isolated from sugar beet
plants from Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt during 2012. Results of sequence analysis confirmed
the classification of isolate SEA as a member of group IA. Infection of sugar beet leaves with CMV<...
Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1
...s Argulus japonicus. Moribund fishes were examined and up to 350±50 lice were hand-picked from a single fish. Microscopic examinations of A. japonicus revealed that most of these were at juvenile stages. Infested fish were transferred to the glass aquaria (60 L) and treated with 4 treatments for 15 days: I) Potassium permanganate II) Aquarium salt III) Formalin and IV) Mechanical. The significant lower (P<0.05) parasitic burden were found in mechanic...
Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2
...pact on the insect pest abundance. The maximum percentage of whitefly hot spots ranged in line from 8.36-24.14% during three years study period followed by mealybug (6.71-11.79%), jassid (4.56-7.22%), thrips (1.36-6.22%), pink bollworm (0.99-5.42%) and armyworm (2.77-4.23%). The population of dusky cotton bug, spotted bollworm and American bollworm were negligible with 1.22% hot spots of dusky cotton bug and 0.02% of spotted bollworm during 2020. CLCuV hot spo...
Houqiang Luo1*, Yanfang Lan2, Ping Gan3, Wenjun Zhou4, Meng Wang1,
Bing Hu5, Zhuning Zhang5, Yu Bai1* and Kun Li6*
...the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and disulfide oxidoreductase gene, respectively. The results indicated that 1.29% of the serum samples were positive for E. canis, and 5.50% of dogs were infested with ticks. The Wenzhou samples of R. sanguineus exhibited a high homology (99.7%–99.8%) and these parasites showed a 99.1%–100% homology to previously reported isolates. The E. canis derived from R. sanguineus in the current st...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
... of avian diversity and abundance on various land uses including the landfill at Gujranwala in northeastern Punjab, Pakistan, and understanding the impact of urban solid waste in changing bird behavior. Field observations in a variety of land uses (agriculture, forest, lake, urban and landfill) in summer 2018 using the point count method for bird census determined the baseline for 56 species (birds/10 min) indicating a significant change in native avian compos...
Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi1* and Babak Moghaddasi2
...aminifera and Ostracods abundance negatively dependent to the sediment particles’ size while positively correlated with water carbonate content. Other macro faunal communities positively increased in their abundance where the sediment particles size show increasing trend.
...
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
...5 between arthropod abundance and volume of arthropods in the diet of both adults and juveniles. Chi-square test (χ2) reflected a positive relationship between adult crop contents and different calendar months and stands. The data regarding breeding biology exhibited mean incubation period, clutch size and egg weight of 16.67±1.45, 4.0±0.58, 9.56±0.33 in study (stand 12) and 13.60±0.46, 6.4±0.46, 11.44±0...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
...ria were the three most abundant phyla in the duodenum of the laying geese. Cyanobacteria predominated in broody geese, followed by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes. The microbial communities of the recovery geese were dominated by Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Additionally, the microbial diversity and richness were significantly higher in the laying group than the broody and recovery groups. These results provide a b...
Hui Wang1,2, Yuchen Zhao1 and Xinpu Wang1,*
...d species diversity and abundance were significantly greater in the typical enclosure area and the enclosed mowing area compared to the grazed area. The dominant species were Carabus vladimirskyi and Poecillus gebleri in enclosure areas and mowing areas while was Carabus glyptoterus in grazing areas. The key environmental factors associated with the activity-density of carabid beetles were soil organic matter, phosphorus, plant coverage, a...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
... soil abiotic factor to abundance and diversity of plant parasitic nematode in garlic crops, this research was conducted Sampling was carried out in four locations: Brebes, Magelang, Tegal and Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. Samples of soil, roots and tubers were collected. Soil abiotic factors are taken measurements such as pH, temperature, and organic matter. The altitudes are measured using the Geograpichal Positioning System (GPS). The results s...
Najam-un-Nisa1, Ruqia Bibi1, Balqees Riaz1, Bushra Khalil1, Iqra Maheen1, Saima1, Uzma Islam Khan1 and Inam Ullah1,2*
...imate the diversity and abundance of avifauna species found in dhapchapak wetland and forest during winter (2017-18 and 2018-19). As birds are the best indicator for environmental changes hence the migratory birds fauna was observed during September to March of the year 2017-1019. Point transect method was used to explore the avifauna diversity at study site. In current study, total of 13,933 birds belonging to 39 species, 21 families were observed. Among thes...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Qian-qian Cheng1,
Raza Ali Mangi1, Ali Raza Jahejo1, Afrasyab Khan1, Yu-hai Bi1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1*
...cytes are known as most abundant circulating cells in the body which participate in inflammation and immune responses. Influenza viruses interact with the host cells at cell surface, leading to cell death in human and animals through apoptosis. Current study was designed to investigate the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the H9N2 infected chicken erythrocytes. qRT-PCR and Western blot techniques were performed to determine the expression levels...
Raheela Noor Memon1*, Nadir Ali Birmani1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2 and Shahnaz Rashid3
...he helminthes were most abundant, with no infections documented in January, February, March, July, November, or December. Helminths were found in this study throughout specific months of the year.
...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
Amin Arif1, Khizar Samiullah1*, Riffat Yasin2, Bilal Rasool1, Shakila Naz1, Xijun Ni3 and Saleem Akhtar1
Jia Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Zifan Ning1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2,3,Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Yaofu Tian1, Diyan Li1,Gang Shu2,4, Lin Ye1 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
...ers, and the expression abundances of MyoD, MyoG, IGF-1, and Pax7. The body weight of FG was heavier than SG from d 7 to 70. Their muscle weights and myofiber diameters of FG were also greater than SG (P < 0.05). The expression of MyoG was affected by chicken population, age, and muscle-type. It was the heaviest in PM for FG on d 28, compared with other combinations. The expression of Pax7 mRNA paralleled cha...
Qazi Muhammad Noman1, Farhan Mahmood Shah1, Khalid Mahmood2 and Muhammad Razaq1*
...(Saunders) was the most abundant fruit fly species in this study. Our results indicated a positive and significant correlation between the species of fruit flies and mean temperature in mango and citrus orchards at all locations. In mango orchards, peak population of fruit fly complex was recorded from June to July, a period when the mangoes ripe and mean temperature is high. In citrus orchards, minimum population was observed from January to February, a perio...
Sohail Anjum1, Awais Ahmad1, Farzana Bibi1 and Hazrat Ali2*
...nd garbage are found in abundance. Their intelligence is also acknowledged duly. They are also obligate to human presence. We can assume that “where there is human, there is house crow essentially”. The present article documents the ecology of this bird in Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The house crow population has reached a considerable size in the study area. The species has colonized both rural and urban areas and has dispersed throug...
Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail, Muhammad Awais and Javed Asgher Tariq
...e: small;">The seasonal abundance of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), was investigated from January 2016 to December 2018 in Tandojam, Pakistan, through pheromone trapping. Results showed that adult moths were present throughout the year in Tandojam. Moth abundance varied among months due to differences in weather conditions and host availability. The greatest moth pop...
Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*
...ent study. The relative abundance was found to be 1, the Shannon-wiener diversity index (H´) was calculated as 3.43, the Simpson index (D) was 0.96, and the Evenness was 0.35. Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger), Gadwall (Mareca streper), Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) were found as the dominant species with the relative abundance of 0.07, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. As migratory birds indicate a freshwater eco...
Bibek Aryal, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*
...ns of bird richness and abundance with NDVI as the proxy of productivity and human footprint data as the proxy of human disturbance were established. A total of 3,297 birds belonging to 69 species from 33 families in 14 orders were observed. The order Passeriformes was the most dominant order, while insectivore was the most dominant feeding guild. The suburban sites had higher bird diversity and richness than urban sites; whereas, the a
Zahid Beg Mirza1,*, Naveed Ali Soomro2 and Farwah Shariff1
...ide of Sindh due to the abundance of wild ungulates in protected areas such as the Khirthar National Park. ...
Iqra Mobeen1*, Rabia Arif1*,Maimoona Ilyas1, Siu Fai Lee2 and Muhammad Saleem1
... of the most common and abundant class of molecular markers present in the genome of many organisms. The current study represents the first attempt to investigate the natural variations in the RK-MTases genes; Ribosomal N-lysine methyltransferase1 (RKM1) and Ribosomal N-lysine methyltransferase4 (RKM4) in Sordaria fimicola using SNP markers. A total seven SNPs in the RKM1 gene and nine in RKM4 gene were identified. A s...
Dewi Ratih Ayu Daning1,2, L.M. Yusiati1, C. Hanim1, B.P. Widyobroto1*
...ineole for the relative abundance of rumen microbes and its fermentation parameters in vitro. It applies five treatments with six replications and uses completely randomized design to analyze the data. Only if do such differences exist, the Duncan Multiple Range Tests (DMRT) were conducted. The treatments consist of the following galangal EO doses: 0, 30, 60, 120 µL, and 5 µL pure cineole at 300 mg dry matter feed. The experiment proves that gas pr...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...f genes encoding major subunits of pathogenic factors such as fimbriae, flagella, enterotoxin, adhesin and hemolysin under the influence of the AHLs. The results showed that under the influence of quorum sensing AHLs, the biofilm formation ability and adherence ability of ETEC were significantly reduced, and the expression of fliC and other major virulence factors were regulated. AHL signaling molecules can regulate virulence related characteristics of ...
Abbas M. Al-Azab1*, Ahmed A. Zaituon2, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi3, Fahd M. Abd Al Galil4,5
...bsp;...
Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*
Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*
Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*
Seon-Ho Kim1, Mahfuzul Islam1,2, A-Rang Son1, Sang-Suk Lee1*
...irmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phyla in both breeds and diets. Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the steers received HF diet while Firmicutes was increased with the HC diet. All four groups of steers had a distinct bacterial community with higher relative abundances. The principal component analysis (PCA) represented that the overall rumen bacterial community along with fermen...
Shang Zhenda1,2*, Kong Qinghui1,4*, Li Jiakui1,4, Liu Suozhu1,2, Tan Zhankun1,2, Shang Peng1,3 and Wang Honghui1,2
... Comparing the relative abundance of different levels of bacteria, a total of 78 bacteria significantly differed between wild yak and domestic yak. Amongst these bacteria, Chloroflexi, Clostridiaceae, Microbispora, Blautia, Carnobacterium and Salinibacterium were obviously higher in wild yak than in domestic yak. Proteobacteria, Epulopiscium, Amycolatopsis, Brucellaceae, Sediminibacterium and Rhodococcus were significantly higher in domestic yak than in wild y...
Arif Mehmood*, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-ul-Mohsin
Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
.... Richness and relative abundance of different aphid species were determined by calculating Shannon Wiener’s (H’), Evenness (J’), Dominance (D) and Sampson’s diversity indices. Results revealed a total of 19 aphid species belonging to 12 genera from district Sargodha. Brevicoryne brassicae was recorded as the most abundant species with 8,470 (16.6%) specimens, followed by Myzus persicae with 6,655 (13...
Houria Bouazzara1,2,*, Rachid Chaibi 1,2, Farouk Benaceur 1,2,3, Amira Nouioua4 and Laura Bruno 5
...ies were observed to be abundant in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter. Rotifers were found to be dominant followed by copepods, cladocerans and nematods for the entire research duration. CCA analysis indicates that WT, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO42- and conductivity were responsible for most differences in zooplankton organisms. Finally, we concluded that all sampling area were oligosabrobic indicating the good environmental quality of Wadi M’zi Riv...
Asmaa Sh. Fayed1*, Safaa M. Abo El-Soud2
...duced (p < 0.05) the abundance levels of total bacteria, and psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), especially for 4% GA/ zein wax film. The coatings resulted in the prolongation of the shelf life of meat chunks. The shelf lives of the control, the 2%, and the 4% GA-coated meats were 7, 9, and 11days, respectively. Coated meats had higher overall sensory acceptability scores compared to u...
Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad
...rtant to understand the abundance, life history and estimating extinction probability. The present study was conducted in three localities (tehsils) of district Sargodha during 2017 to determine the population dynamics of D. mangiferae nymphs and adults on citrus plants. Results showed that the average population of mealybug nymphs (9.92 individuals per branch) and adults (14.55 individuals per branch) was higher in Bhalwal as compared to Kotmomin and Sargodha...
Nzube Thaddeus Egboka1*, Olajire Fagbola2, Ugochukwu Nnamdi Nkwopara1, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli1, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide1 and Tochukwu Victor Nwosu3
...of the soil biota whose abundance in soil varies with land use type, soil depth and location. The study investigated the density of the AMF and nutrient status of soils in selected land use types and soil depths. Soil samples were collected from some fallow, cassava and pineapple fields in Ibadan and Ikwuano areas of Nigeria at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths and analyzed in the Laboratory. Spore densities of AMF varied significantly (P > 0.05) between the ...
Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1
...cultured ponds had high abundance of phytoplankton but low species diversity. Meanwhile, the water inlet and outlet of the shrimp farming which served at mangrove area had higher phytoplankton diversity. The composition of phytoplankton in this work was ideal for shrimp farming because it was dominated by the Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta divisions, which favour shrimp growth. On the other hand, water quality parameters across studied sites were quite similar, e...
Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
...of 65% and 35% of total abundance respectively. Among Syrphidae, Eristalinus aeneus was the most abundant followed by E. laetus while E. arvorum was the least. In Apidae, Apis dorsata was the most abundant followed by Lasioglossum sp (Halictidae) while Xylocopa sp. was the least abundant bee species. The foraging behavior in terms of visitation rate prov...
Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2
...ded significantly higher bunnies’ size and total weight at weaning compared to control. Both groups fed either 0.10% or 0.15% AA recorded significantly higher total milk yield (7.71%) during the whole lactation period (5 weeks) comparing to un-supplemented group. All tested groups recorded a gradual decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in blood plasma by increasing AA levels in diets. None of the groups record any significant differences in immunoglob...
Rabia Bibi1, R. Muhammad Tariq2, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil3 and Munawwer Rasheed1, 4*
... and Jania rubens found abundantly along the Karachi coast, Pakistan were collected in the year 2015-18. Samples were extracted using a Soxhlet extraction method with solvents of varying polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol). Five different concentrations of the extracts were subjected to the toxic assessment against two species of stored grain pests (Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus). Results obtained from experimental trail proved th...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
... Corvidae were the most abundant families. From recorded 37 bird species, 29 were using the forest as habitat and 5 were air borne. Thirty-three species were resident, one summer migrant and 3 winter migrants. The multinomial analyses and principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that out of 29 species using forest as habitat; 13 were “generalists”, 6 species were “rare to classify”, 9 species were “poplar specialist&rdquo...
Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5
... in Kenya to assess the abundance, distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes from different soil rhizosphere. Nematode population in 200cc of soil and 5g of roots were collected for PPNs extraction by using modified Baermann’s technique and identification by morphological features. The findings indicated that four major genera were abundant in different citrus growing ecological zones in Kenya. The identi...
Weidong Huang1,2,3, Xinyue Liang1,2,3, Xiufeng Xie4, Xingmin Wang2, 3 and Xiaosheng Chen1,2,3*
...es, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and II (COII), and two nuclear genes, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CAD) and histone subunit 3 (H3). Results indicated the average genetic distance was 0.005 among the different elytral forms of M. sexmaculatus based on combined dataset, which shows very close genetic relationships among them. Results also showed a high level of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.902) and the low level of nu...
M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2
... was found to be highly abundant. The recorded six orders comprised namely, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, Perciformes, Gobiiformes and Synbranchiformes. The Cypriniformes formed one of the most dominant order as compared to all other orders recorded in the present study comprising of 52 % of the total fish species of the lake. Cyprinidae family was the most dominant comprising of 52 % of the total fish species. The study observed that, maximum i...
Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*
...rveyed for insect fauna abundance, diversity, and distribution. The sampling was carried out over a period of eight weeks, using sweep net and hand picking as the collection methods. Overall 12 species were recorded, Orba had the lowest species diversity with 7 species while Obollo-afor and Ikpa recorded 10 and 9 species respectively. Dipteran and Coleoptera were the most diverse and abundant order observed with Musca domest...
Nausheen Irshad1, Maria Akhter1, Tariq Mahmood2*, Faraz Akrim3, Muhammad Rafique Khan1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem4
Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3
Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4
...lthough B. decumbens is abundant in the tropics, the utilization of this grass is limited due to the presence of steroidal saponins. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of B. decumbens diets on the in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Graded levels of B. decumbens were mixed with P. purpureum, where 10% was identified as the low-level B. decumbens diet (T2) and, 60% was ident...
Tu Thi Minh Tran1*, Diep Hoang Tran1, Thuong Thi Nguyen2, Tomas J. Acosta3, Takeshi Tsuruta4, Naoki Nishino4, Hai Thanh Duong5
...Moraxellaceae, the most abundant family in the airborne dust and water microbiota, was detected at low proportions in the milk microbiota. The farm-to-farm difference was more apparent for the milk microbiota than for the fecal and uterine microbiota. It is noteworthy that Dermacoccaceae, Bacillaceae, and Methylobacteriaceae were the prevalent families in the microbiota of several milk and uterine samples; however, these findings did not help understand the ro...
Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad
...olibacillosis were most abundant with 34, 34 and 29 cases respectively. Out of 99 different diseases and pathological conditions in birds, maximum variety was recorded in ring-necked pheasant (Phasinaus colchicus), black-shouldered peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and green pheasant (Phasianus versicolor). Comparison of different study sites revealed that Lahore Zoo had the highest disease prevalence in animals with significance value 0.002 (p<0.05). To reduce prev...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
...al effects on N. lugens abundance and yield attributes of the crop using susceptible rice (var. Basmati 515). Results indicated that planting geometries with more space (60 and 90 cm) after 12 lines with a uniform number of plants in each plot had less incidence of N. lugens as compared to narrow spaced (0 and 30 cm) geometries. More number of N. lugens nymphs (80.0-95.0 number/plant) were recorded with less spaced planting geometry as compared to higher space...
Yuxia Zhang and Kong Yang*
...on the distribution and abundance of intermediate hosts. A structural equation model was produced to demonstrate the effects of habitat factors on the distribution and abundance of intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) act as the main intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis, whose effective cave density was 0.03/m2 to 0.32/m2, and it was negatively correlated with altitude at a high value...
Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
...lture Multan, Pakistan. Abundance and diversity of native insect pollinators, their foraging behavior in terms of visit duration and visitation rate (number of flowers visited per minute) along with their pollination effectiveness in terms of single visit seed set efficacy were assessed. Pollinator community was composed of seven solitary bees species (Nomia oxybeloides, Amegilla sp., Lasioglossum sp., Megachile sp., Xylocopa sp.), two honeybee species (Apis d...
Asma Fatima*, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid
...s and studied the total abundance of plankton in each month. During the study, physicochemical parameters of the pond water like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, transparency, ammonia, phosphates, nitrates, potassium, calcium, total alkalinity and total hardness were determined. Overall, 61 species of plankton have been recorded from the studied ponds and categorized into 19 groups; of which 25 phytoplankton species belonged to four major groups, w...
Mohammed A. Almujtaba1, Turky Omar Asar2, Salma Naqvi3, Vikas Kumar4, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1, Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni1 and Firoz Anwar1*
Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1
...y toxic plants is found abundantly in meadows and pastures. One of the most significant ingredients that causes toxicity is atractyloside (ATR). In this study, the concentration of ATR in cocklebur seeds was determined as 4 mg/g seed. The study involved 54 rats which were divided into a total of 9 groups including one control group. A single dose of cocklebur seed extract was provided by gavage after being concentrated by 2 ml for each animal (80 mg ATR/kg) ex...
Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*
... the grazing group, the abundance of 96 genera was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.05), whereas in the house-raised group, the abundance of only 24 genera was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, and Tenericutes in the rumen of grazing Tan sheep w...
Afifa Yaqub1, Mehroze Amin1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Saira Aftab1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
... D1 (CCND1), catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα2), RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor (ELL2), and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein (BIM) in MCF-7 breast cancer and normal human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell lines were studied in response to treatment with different concentrations of UNC0642. Inhibition of G9a expression was observed in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines with increasing UNC0642 conce...
Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1
...in family, and has two subunits, MRC1 and MRC2. The MRC1 and MRC2 cDNA sequences have been analyzed and characterized in the large yellow croaker, a highly valued, farm raised fish that is vulnerable to many infections. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that MRC1 and MRC2 mRNAs were expressed in eight different large yellow croaker tissues, and that their expression was up-regulated by Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Here, we performed memb...
Zahra Naz1,2, Fouzia Ismat1, Muhammad Saleem2, Mazhar Iqbal1, Aamir Shehzad1 and Moazur Rahman1,2*
...(M) protein is the most abundant structural protein in Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) in chickens. Owing to its highly conserved nature among NDV strains and also due to its pivotal role in the viral life cycle, the M protein can be employed as a promising diagnostic antigen for reliable detection of NDV infection in chickens. In the present study, we have devised a strategy for extraction and solubilization of the...
Shahbaz Ahmed1, Mubeen Ahmad1, Muhammad Razaq1* and Farhan Mahmood Shah1,2*
... (Rondani) was the most abundant aphid species and coccinellids, the most abundant predators. S. graminum was least on unstressed or tillering stressed wheatbut was the most on wheat stressed at booting, heading, and grain formation stages. Irrigation stress reduced chlorophyll contents (5-25%) and wheat yield (kg/ha) (6-31%) when compared with unstressed wheat. The irrigation stress changed coccinellid a
Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4
...s. General evaluation of bunches bagging treatments on fruiting traits was conducted. It was concluded that bunches covered with blue paper bags obtained highest score among all the traits and is recommended to achieve best results under current climate change scenario. Generally, fruit covering shields the fruit from adverse effects of monsoon rains, birds, pests and dust....
Amna Sulaman1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Muhammad Shafi2 and Faiz Muhammad1*
...ing Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 from Pakistani marine waters.
...
Maher Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi,1,4 Turki Albacker2, Waleed Alharbi2, Osama Almogbel2, Sadik Mohammed3, Fahad Al-Abbasi4, Vikas Kumar5 and Firoz Anwar4*
Shandana* and Ayesha Khan
...y answer farmers’ abundant information needs. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the usage of ICT tools in agricultural extension services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For the study three districts (i.e. Swat, Haripur and Mardan) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were chosen and a total sample size of 400 respondents was selected. Data were collected through pre-tested and validated interview schedule and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sci...
Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...us (86.5%) was the most abundant tick species. 57.1% I. gibbosus and 8.4% R. sanguineus pools tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Phylogenetically, our sequences clustered with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis, B. garinii, and B. bissettii sequences sourced from different hosts worldwide. Sequences showed 40.2%-99.1% sequences identity among them and 39%–98.3% with previously reported sequences on NCBI GenBank. Our sequences were submitte...
Seasonal Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Birds in Agricultural Landscapes of Gujrat, Pakistan
Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2
...differences in seasonal abundance and species richness related to species’ residential status. Across the survey period, species diversity was greater in winter (October-March; H´= 3.279) than in summer (April-September; H´= 2.987). Spatially, avian diversity was highest in agroforestry (H´ = 4.261), then urban cropland (H´ = 3.746), and lowest in pure croplands (H´ = 2.247). Bird community composition changed significantly ...
S. M. Ashraful Karim1, Md. Shohel Al Faruk2*
Muhammad Younis1, Sami Ullah1, Fathul Bari1, Muhammad Asif2, Muhammad Ilyas2, Mahvish Rauf2, Ejaz Ur Rehman3, Rubina Noor4, Muhammad Arif4 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz5*
...essed by using relative abundance estimates. The current study aimed to estimate relative abundance of mammalian fauna of CGNP. During the current study, 30 camera traps (motion triggered camera (Reconyx™) with infrared flash were deployed for a period of 47 days. The survey resulted in 1052 functional trap nights obtaining 5906 photographs. Results of the study show that large carnivores like common leopard, grey wolf...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Waqas Raza2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...rent habitats. The most abundant habitats were recreational parks, followed by residential areas and forests, while the least abundant habitats were graveyards. Maximum Simpson index (0.90) and Shanon Index (2.45) was observed in residential area, while maximum evenness (0.97) was recorded in streams. Quantitative habitat web structures were used for the first time to present habitat distribution graphically. These webs and ...
Bilal Saeed Khan1*, Muhammad Arslan1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Muhammad Farooq2, Saghir Ahmad3, Sami Ullah4 and Awais Rasool5
...the lowest numbers. The abundance of soil-inhabiting mites with respect to different locations in various months revealed that maximum abundance of mite families were recorded from Kotla Gurmani (38.5) followed by Kot Chutta (37.0) during October and minimum abundance was recorded during September from Mana Ahmadani (14.8). The maximum richness was recorded from mango orchards during Septe...
Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc
...hile water is generally abundant, some parts of the province experience seasonal water shortages. This, coupled with the increasing frequency and severity of droughts, perhaps linked to climate change, is impacting adversely on rice production. The overall purpose of the study is planning of irrigation scheduling, it requires information of precise quantity of water needed by crop in a certain set of meteorological condition of the region. Moreover, determinat...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Nadra Khan3 and Waqas Raza4
...ial areas were the most abundant habitats respectively, while areas near stream were found to be the least abundant habitats. These microhabitats, which are the most abundant ones act as hotspots in case of mosquito-borne epidemic, which should be targeted to control epidemic....
Ahmad Zaman, Azhar Rafique*, Farhat Jabeen and Tayyaba Sultana
...od, 3 species were very abundant i.e. house crow, common myna, house sparrow, 6 species i.e. green bee-eater, pied bushchat, cattle egret, black drongo, red wattled lapwing, red vented bulbul were abundant, 7 species i.e. purple sunbird, bank myna, The white wagtail, baya weaver, laughing dove, Rofous tail lark and Greater coucal were very common, 23 species were common, 27 species were fairly common, 15 species were uncommo...
Nourhan M.M. Hassnin, Ali H.H. Ali and Hosny H. Kesba*
... revealed that the most abundant components in the root exudates were fatty acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, alcohols, and esters with different concentrations. Terpenoids were the major compounds in root exudates of HR cultivar and fatty acids in MS ones. Such phytochemicals’ high ratios were proportionally connected with the host resistance reaction....
Mutala’liah, S. Indarti † and N. S. Putra
...ith the aim to know the abundance and vertical distribution of Pratylenchus sp.
influenced by soil abiotic factors and coffee plant varieties in three fields. The research was conducted in
Malangsari, Getas and Candiroto feilds. Samples of soil and roots were collected and various parameters of soil
abiotic factors (pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil texture and organic matter) were obtained from each of the
M.A. Haq†, K. Mahmood*, M. Shahid*, S.A. Khan and A. Tahir**
...ts, the most common and abundant species of rootknot
nematode M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 was identified on the basis of
perineal patterns (Eisenback et al., 1981). These new host records of M. incognita have not been
hitherto reported in Pakistan (Zarina & Maqbool, 1991; Maqbool & Shahina, 2001; Khanzada &
Khan, 2003; Zarina, 2004; Khan et al., 2005; Erum et al., 2005; Shah...
Mohsin Shad1, Muhammad Usman2 and Qurratulann Afza Gardner1*
...ex contains four large subunits which include cytochrome f, b, Rieske iron-sulfur protein, and subunit IV. Electrons transferred through these complexes are responsible for the pumping of protons across the membrane to produce ATP through ATP synthase. The present review provides the structural comparison of mitochondrial cyt b in ten model organisms targeting archaea, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, highlighting phylogenetic a...
Mutasim Billah1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Ahmed Zia2, Shabir Ahmed1, Waqas Ahmad2, Kiran Shahjeer3, and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4
...logical observation and abundance for all collected species are discussed. A need to explore weevil fauna along with more detailed surveys for weevil is highly suggested in the area....
Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9
...y and sustainability and bundling them with beneficial policies. However, quite a large number of rice farmers continue to grow local rice variants. This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe farmers’ attitude and behavior. A survey was employed for quantitative data gathering and an interview was for the qualitative ones. A total of 52 respondents were of local rice farmers in Sidodadi and Banturejo villages of Ngantang district, Malang Regency,...
Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon
...t | This study makes it abundantly evident how the host fruit (mango), which is alarmingly vulnerable to fruit flies due to its seasonality, is the next fruit variety. However, as mango season comes to a close, some populations of Bactrocera species rapidly decline since there is a lack of host food and they are attempting to oviposit.
... 
Vetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov1, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov2, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev1, Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva4, Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov2,3*
Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov1*, Sadrutdin Shamshitovich Kabardiev1, Ayub Yusupovich Aliev1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov1
...dices of occurrence and abundance of cestode Raillietina sp. amounted to 6.22% and 7.1±0.6 ind./individual, respectively; species Rodentotaenia bondarevae - 3.11% and 3.9±0.4 ind./individual; species Mathevotaenia symmetrica - 4.22% and 5.0±0.5 ind./individual; species Rodentolepis straminea - 5.11% and 6.4±0.7 ind./individual; species Skrjabinotaenia lobata - 2.22% and 4.7±0.5 ind./ind.; species Cysticercus longycollis - 4.0...
Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2
...rous cholangitis and an abundance of inflammatory cells with accumulated bile pigment (hemosiderin) in the dilated bile ducts.
Keywords | Biochemical, Histopathological, Fasciolosis in Bubalus bubalis
...
M. A. Haq, M. Shahid and K. Mahmood
...981), a most common and abundant species of root-knot nematode M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 was identified from the host. The perineal patte...
Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Karim Gabol1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamidullah4 and Abdul Rahim1
...s bird is locally found abundantly in Bajaur valley, but the basic data on its status and breeding performance have not been collected. To stipulate all the associated data about its breeding and nest characterizations, complete research was carried out in the cultivated areas of Bajaur valley during 2020. The breeding season starts from mid-April and lasts until July. Nests were explored orderly in all the probable sites with help of the landowners. Overall, ...
Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf
...ly separation of newborn bunnies from their mothers affected the health and ability of doe rabbits to reproduce as well as the survival of the young from birth to weaning. In this study, twenty female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were employed, immediately following first parity. The young rabbits were left with their mothers for the first two days after kindling so they could nurse on colostrum. By adding or removing the kits on the third day, the quantity...
SYED ZULFIQAR ALI ABIDI, HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR, SYED SHAHID ALI, & JAVED IQBAL QAZI*
... their availability and abundance around the year from different locations of Punjab, Pakistan. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of fresh and dried parts of each plant were used for qualitative estimation of thirteen metabolites (alkaloids, carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, phenol, phlobatannine, free amino acids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, quinine, oxalic acid and steroids). Twenty one plants showed the presence of phytochemicals. The use of pi...
Chun Shi, Juanjuan Guo, Meng Li, Qi Yang and Jingang Li*
...significantly increased abundance of 11 kinds of bacteria, including Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, Klebsiella, Thermus, and Acinetobacter (P<0.05), and the significantly reduced abundance of 16 species of bacteria, including Acinetobacter, Aquabacterium, Acidovorax, Thermus, and Klebsiella (P<0.05) in the awakening period. This study provides guidance and reference for the exploration of animal hibernation mechanisms and...
Muhammad Asim Bhutta1,2*, Amna Bibi2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Sadia Kanwal2, Zarmeena Amjad1, Hafeez ur Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Muhammad Nouman Khalid4 and Syeda Fiza Nayab5
...rt could lead to an overabundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2, that develops in photosystem II as a result of exposure to intense light, start to damage electron transfer system components and protein structure. Plants have adapted several protective mechanisms like production of antioxidants, enzymes and carotenoids to face reactive oxygen species and avoid photoinhibition. This article provides overview of mo...
Muhammad Saad Waqas, Li Xia, Tian-Ci Yi*, Liang-Yu Sun, Rong Xiao and Dao-Chao Jin*
...ted nest when there was abundance of exuviae whereas adults did not relocate. Adults could extend their original nest when it was filled with exuviae. Alive individuals lived with dead individuals and they did not remove the dead ones from nests. These findings highlight the hygienic challenges, adaptation of social living organisms, and demonstrated how sanitary behaviour can result from a combination of evolutionary history. Nest relocation findings suggest ...
Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Mudssar Ali1*, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
... of insect pollinators, abundance, foraging activity and most importantly pollination efficiency in a single visit in terms of reproductive success parameters (head size, florets per head, seed count/head, seed mass/head and seed mass of 1000 seeds). The pollinator’s community was composed of 06 Hymenoptera, 03 Diptera and 02 Lepidoptera species. It was found that the total abundance of a solitary bee Pesudapis oxybelo...
Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1*
...ntly increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the Amox-Phage group. Concurrently, the Amox-Phage group showed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum. The results of this study indicate that the bacteriophage cocktail has the potential to alter the abundance of intestinal microbiota without increasing the incidence of diarrhea or negatively affectin...
Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3
...akistan, pesticides are abundantly used in agriculture sector for increasing high yield of crops and for controlling pests of different crops. The excessive use of pesticides with poor knowledge about pesticide handling, disposal, storage and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) during operation leads to health problems of human, increase resistance against pests with negative effects on the environment. The purpose of this survey was to check the knowledge abo...
Peng Xu1, Yankuo Li2*, Shusong Zhang1 and Bin Liu3
...t species with relative abundances over 10%, in which N. fulvescens and N. confucicianus were trapped in eight and seven habitat types, respectively, indicating a larger altitude span of their distribution ranges. Bamboo planting areas were found to possess more rodent species than other habitats. Crocidura Dracula, Micromys minutus, Lepus sinensis, A. agrarius, Rattus nitidu, Tamiops swinhoei and R. norvegicus were each trapped in only one habitat. Among habi...
Fakhra Nazir1*, Sahar Fazal1 and Fakhar-i-Abbas2
... (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) was aimed for samples of birds collected from different regions of Pakistan. Mitochondrial DNA was successfully extracted from keel tissue and Folmer region of COI gene comprising ~650 bps was amplified using universal primers and PCR products were confirmed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Sequencing was carried out by Sanger’s method and BLAST analysis identified these samples as five species (Urocissa flavirostris, ...
Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*
Ying Liu1,2, Ji-Yong Fang2, Na Zheng3 and Hai-Long Wu1*
...l cytochrome-c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes of Seuratascaris schmackeri sp. nov., a member of ascaridoids, exhibiting characteristics of Ascaridoidea sensu Chabaud (1965) identified through microscopy. This new species was collected from the small intestine of the Chinese frog species Odorrana schmackeri Boettger, 1892, acquired from four regions of Anhui Province, southeastern China. To our knowledge, one species of the Seuratascaris genus, namely Seuratasca...
Asifa Hameed1*, Haider Karar2, Abdul Ghaffar1, Abid Hameed Khan1, Muhammad Mubashir1 and Ghulam Mustafa1
...ered with net. The most abundant insect was blue bottle flies. The other insects in the order of abundance were house flies, syrphid flies, native drones, zebra flies, stingless bees, bumble bee, wild bees, and flesh flies. Honey bees Apis florea can be utilized as the pollinator but honey bee species A. dorsata, and A. melliferae visitation was almost negligible. The total value of insect pollination was estimated as 1299 m...
Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2
... weed density m-2, weed abundance and weed frequency. Plant height of wheat crop and number of grains spike-1 were non-significantly affected by the applied treatments. However, the tallest plants and the highest number of grains spike-1 were observed in hand weeding. The highest thousand-grain-weight, biological yield and grain yield were recorded in the hand weeding treatments. However, the results of hand weeding treatments were statistically at par with th...
Arshad Javaid1*, Iqra Haider Khan1, Malik F. H. Ferdosi2, Aneela Anwar3 and Mujahid Manzoor4
...ere categorized as less abundant. The three major compounds in flower extract of I. carnea possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, insecticidal and insect repellant properties as reported in the literature. ...
Kazi Afsana Homayra Orchy1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Nelema Yesmin1, Md. Moshiur Rahman Khan1, Marzia Rahman2, Md. Mahmudul Alam1*
Ayoub Hadjeb1,2*, Ismahane Lebbouz3 and Yasmine Adjami4
...etation of variation in abundance of this pest....
Jie Wang1, Di Fang1, Jianqing Zhao1, Fei Huang2, Bo Liu2, Weikun Tao2, Baoshan Cui2 and Qinghua Gao1,2,3*
...is showed that the most abundant pathways were oxidative phosphorylation and Wnt signaling pathway”,”MAPK signaling pathway “,” Regulation of actin cytoskeleton “and VEGF signaling pathway”. To conclude, these RNA-Seq results confirmed the differential expression of several genes in embryos of different genders during embryonic development. These DEGs partcipate in the transcriptional regulation of bovine embryonic developme...
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*
...ally via increasing the abundance of fibrolytic bacteria. Thus, both dietary treatments are highly recommended to enhance optimal rumen fermentation and eventually support production performance. ...
Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Rais*, Ifrah Muddassir, Abdullah Tasib, Maria Zafar and Sumbul Gill
...least diverse. The bird abundance (number of individuals and encounter rate) was significantly different among the studied habitats. The encounter rate is provided as an index of monitoring and bioassesmnet of the National Park. The bioassessment of the National Park, based on the studied biometrics using avifauna as an indicator of biotic integrity, revealed excellent biotic integrity....
Adnan Ihsan1*, Najeeb Ullah1, Riaz Hussain2, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1 and Waqar Khan1
Rida Ahmad1,2*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Usman Ahmad3, Safdar Sidra4, Irfan Zainab2, Muhammad Furqan2, Aliza Batool1,2 and Zaidi Zona2
...an diversity, richness, abundance and their feeding habit in selected habitats of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Gilgit Baltistan (GB). Data were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 using point count technique. Thirty points were selected from each habitat. A total of 175 species and 24,933 individuals belonging to 16 orders and 55 families were recorded. Human settlements had the highest species richness (106) while Dry Temperate habitat had the highest valu...
Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng
...mples, and the relative abundances of potential pathogens were significantly higher in the Shengjin Lake samples than in the Caizi Lake samples. These findings suggest that the gut fungi were highly sensitive to the diets of the geese at both lakes. Potential pathogenic species of A. erythropus should be further studied....
Deny Anjelus Iyai1*, Ambo Ako2, Sitti Nurani Siradjuddin2, Budiman Nohong2
...ominance Index, Species abundance using Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index, Similarity index, Species richness). The number of plant families identified was 751 families spread over 4 districts, with 890 species of grass, legume and non-grass/non-legume plants. There were 11 families found in total in the observation plots in each district, namely Compositae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Cyperaceae, Moraceae, Lamiaceae, Melastomataceae, Acantaceae, Peperomiaceae ...
Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5
Misbah Ammanat1, Abdul Qadir1, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Rida Ahmad2,3, Usman Ahmad1, Irfan Zainab2 and Aliza Batool2,3
...m site had the greatest abundance and diversity of avifauna. The number of individuals observed per survey peaked in November, at the height of fall migration; the secondary peak of back migration in March was much smaller. Most abundant species in the study area included Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and Carrion Crow (Corvis corone) with relative abun
Saima Naz1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Rifat Ullah Khan3*, Saba Iqbal1, Nimra Amjad1, Azka Kiran1, Ammara Javed1, Maria Lateef1 and Amna Nawaz1
...ANOVA. Further relative abundance (Panjnad canal=57.81%, Abbasia canal=25.56%, Abu Dhabi canal=16.61%) and Simpson diversity index (D) (Panjnad canal=0.957335, Abbasia canal=0.923277, Abu Dhabi canal=0.893188) and Shannon-Wiener index (H) (Panjnad canal=3.19433, Abbasia canal=1.54355, Abu Dhabi canal=1.067311) were also calculated. Results revealed the diversity of fish population at Panjnad Headworks may be varied with seasonal variations. Maximum species ori...
Razia Sultana1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1*, Ghulam Murtaza2 and Shahid Mahmood2
...eria showed the highest abundance (89.9%). Four classes of bacterial microbiota were detected in which the proportion of class Gamma proteobacteria was the highest (84.8%). The numbers of orders, families, and genera to which bacteria belonged were 9, 10, and 15, respectively. Genus Stenotrophomonas had the highest relative abundance (48.8%), which was followed by Citrobacter with a relative abun
Muhammad Abdul Mannan1,2, Sharmin Chowdhury2, Md Abul Hashem3,4 and Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir1,5*
...tinamide dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene (nad4) to identify H. contortus, followed by direct sequencing. Out of the 400 samples tested, 186 (46.5%) were positive for H. contortus. The parasite was found in 51.3% of sheep and 43.6% of goats. Through the sequencing analysis, 45 nad4 genotypes and 10 ITS-2 genotypes were discovered. The prevalence of Haemonchus contortus isolated was not influenced by demographic factors such as age, gender, breed, and seasons in th...
Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
...ollinator diversity and abundance, as well as their foraging behavior, including the time spent and rate of visits. Additionally, diverse pollination treatments were compared, pitting instances of unguided insect visits against scenarios where insects were excluded. This comparison encompassed both physical attributes (such as fruit dimensions, weight, pulp content, and seed count per fruit) and biochemical parameters (including Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Tit...
Irfan Safdar Durrani*, Noreen Asim and Ammar Sohail
... promoter were observed abundantly close to the transcriptional initiation site. Expression analysis using TENOR identified that OsGLP12-3 gene show high to minimal level of expression in response to different stress stimuli. Phylogenetic analysis of the Dilrosh-97 promoter sequence showed close relationship of this promoter with the Japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. Three transcription factors including B3, GT-1 and NF-YB were subjected to docking with their...
Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*
...yll tissues and vascular bundles. Stomatal index of different tea varieties and clones was array from 33.9 to 45.4 respectively. Highest was mentioned in clone P-7 because high number of stomata found in lower epidermis....
Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3
... to evaluate diversity, abundance and threats to birds of an important Ramsar site, Uchalli Wetland Complex, along with Ahmedabad lake. Data were collected by direct (point count) as well as indirect method (interviews) from December 2020 to May 2021. In total, 139 avian species of 27,450 individuals were recorded at study sites. Results revealed that the species richness was maximum at Uchalli (133), followed by Khabbaki (92), Jahlar (88), and Ahmedabad lake ...
Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3
...stinctly taxa that were abundant among four stages with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score higher than 3.5. The α-diversity of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil was not significantly different among different growth stages (P >0.05). Moreover, 8 functional potentials among 46 KEGG pathways showed notable differences for the rhizosphere bacterial community and HS had the largest number of species and strongest metabolic function poten...
Abida Mushtaque1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Aamir Ghafoor1*, Wasim Shehzad2 and Nadeem Ahmad3
... that can be used as a subunit vaccine and development of diagnostic kit against hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) because of its immunogenic nature. Pasteurella multocida has economic importance because of endemic and epizootic diseases in domestic and wild animals. This bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen of upper respiratory tracts of wild and domestic animals and birds as well as in livestock . The ompH gene was amplified with in-house designed primers, the a...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim3, Imad-ul-Din Zangi4
..., Pakistan. The maximum abundance was recorded at Gaian site (2.33/ha). Estimation of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) from 166 sites revealed that ten sites fell under the category of highly suitable habitat based on parameters including water, food, vegetation, disturbance, hunting and predation pressure. Kalij pheasant was distributed between 381-1689m (asl) elevation. Species presence data along with GIS database were used to model the habitat suitability o...
Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3
...roup EG). The decreased abundance of Chloroplastida and increased abundance of Animalia in group EG suggested that engineering activities induced environmental disturbance, which impaired the ecosystem balance. LEfSe and SIMPER approaches revealed a significant abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in group EG, while these taxa were rare in sediments of a control group. Increased a
Mubashar Hussain*, Habiba Razaq, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Kiran Aftab, Jaweria Riaz and Somia Liaqat
...lissoderus was the most abundant and dominant species in all three study sites whereas Brachinus bilineatus and Galerita lecontei were recorded only in tehsil Phalia, Pheropsophus verticalis, and Dioryche subrecta in Malakwal. Pheropsophus was the most abundant and dominant genus representing six species in all three sites. Overall Shannon index (H:2.545), Simpson index (1-D:0.893), and evenness (e˄H/S: 0.709) indicated rel...
Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2
Suneela, Sajida Mushtaq*, Sadia Maalik, Asma Waheed Qureshi and Moazama Batool
...y and also the relative abundances of insect fauna associated with Trifolium alexandrinum (Berseem) in District Sialkot. Total of six orders such as, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera belonging to 12 families i.e., Acrididae, Gryllidae, Aleyrodidae, Pentatomidae, Noctuidae, Syrphidae, Culicidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Coccinellidae, Staphylinidae and Chrysomelidae were sampled from district Sialkot. Coleoptera...
Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1
Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed Ibrahim
...e effects. Available in abundance, researchers have turned their attention to using these plants as anti-inflammatory. This study was designed to highlight and compare the effects of Syzygium aromaticum extracts oil and Piroxicam on inflammation circumstances. Extraction of clove bud with petroleum ether revealed a bright yellow extract with a typical clove oil smell and bud. The gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) method revealed the presence of...
Aboud*, K. A; Gomaa**, Hanaa H. A.; El—Taholowy***, Mohage, A. and El - Sugher**, S.
...-align: justify;">Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a destructive viral disease in many countries including Egypt. It causes severe economic losses because infected banana plants produce no fruit. -The tissue culture approach was used to permit the recovery of BBTV-free plantlets, genetic stability followed by chemotherapy and early screening to facilitate the efficient production of virus-free plantlets. Results demonstrated that application of 10,20,30,40 mg...
Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2
...gnification, Empty fruit bunches of palm oil, Fulvic acid, In-vitro, Volatile fatty acid
...
Faisal Alsaaq
...survey, with an overall abundance of 20,810 individuals observed. The fish assemblages in the area exhibited a balanced representation by all functional groups across different trophic levels, indicating a healthy state. Of particular interest were the families Chaetodontidae (butterfly fishes) and Serranidae (Groupers), known as reliable indicators of reef health and effective predators, respectively, as they were adequately represented. The family Labridae e...
Ram Prasad Ghimire
...elands of Nepal have an abundance of browse species which are the major sources of roughage feeds for grazing goats. A study was conducted in order to determine the fodder quality of some common pasture browse species among them. The study included the analysis of fodders in the laboratory for nutrient composition, the feeding experiment determining fodder intake and weight gain monitoring in the goats, and a subsequent in-vivo experiment determining the appar...
Nurul Fajeriana1*, Akhmad Ali1 and Retno Puspa Rini2
...ith contour-aligned soil bunds), and N2 (erosion plots with bench terraces along the contour). All plots were planted with kale (Ipomoea aquatica) as ground cover. According to the research findings, soil management on sloping land is best achieved through a conservation approach involving contour-aligned planting and the creation of bench terraces, which can reduce the likelihood of erosion and surface runoff. According to the results, the erosion plot with b...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...s, the more diverse and abundant habitat of birds was Creek (51%) followed by scrubland (27%) and Bhambore fort (21%) with Shannon diversity index (3.701). The more diverse and abundant bird species were the winter visitors followed by resident species. The common birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egret (75), house sparrow (72), little egret (60), house...
Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*
... factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon), NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha), NFKBIE (NF-kappa-B inhibitor epsilon), Interferon Alpha (IFN-α), cMGF (chicken myelomonocytic growth factor), and TRAF6 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) in chicken erythrocytes infected with M. synoviae using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at four different time intervals (0, 2, 6 and 10 h) post-infection and compared to uninfected controls. The result...
Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Shi-xiong Yang1,2, Xin-yu Han1,2, Sheng Niu1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2*
...erythrocyte is the most abundant cell found in blood vessels, in which host defense resistance (HDR) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a significant role in the immune response. However, the function of HDR and PRRs in thiram induce TD chicken is not fully known yet. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein on HDR and PRRs in the thiram-induced TD chicken. One hundred twe...
Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati
...ation reveals a notable abundance of AMR genes, with bacitracin resistance standing out prominently, particularly associated with the prevalence of Bacillus pumilus. Metal and environmental resistance mechanisms underscore the complex adaptations within the birds’ gastrointestinal. The study highlights concern regarding the elevated presence of antibiotic resistance genes, particularly those associated with synthetic antibiotics, pointing to potential en...
Babi Kyi Soe1*, Toe Win Naing2, Su Lai Yee Mon1, Nay Chi Nway3, Hiroshi Sato4
Aniqa Qaisar, Shabana Naz* and Sajida Arooj
...es. Cr was found highly abundant in all sites than other metals. The highest heavy metal pollution was observed in Wildlife Park Murree followed by Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore and least in Wildlife Park Bahawalnagar. Blood samples of P. cristatus were collected from all sites to assess the DNA damage by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. P. cristatus kept at Wildlife Park Murree and Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore had almost same and greater DNA damage t...
Perinçek Seçkinozan Seker
...d cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of mitochondrial DNA belonging to the four samples of Capreolus capreolus were partially sequenced and analyzed alongside the sequences obtained from GenBank. The cyt b and COI data sets included sequences that were 1059 and 646 bp long, respectively. The Turkish roe deer population in Artvin had a relatively low nucleotide diversity and high haplotype diversity. A total of two haplotypes were identified for cyt b, ...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
...es from 122 sick and moribund or dead layer chickens showing signs of IC like slight swelling of infra orbital sinuses and nostril mucus membranes. Two sampling sites were chosen, squeezing the nostrils for live birds and infra orbital sinus for moribund killed with later providing more live bacterial isolates. Isolation, biochemical identification, species-specific PCR tests and classical serotyping were performed. Two type...
Muhammad Azhar1,2, Rida Ahmad3*, Bushra Nisar Khan3 and Zahra Hussain3
ATEEQUE RAHMAN KHOOHARO* & PIRZADA JAMALUDDIN A. SIDDIQUI
... were used to establish abundance of species. Overall, 49 species of invertebrates were recorded. Two of these species were annelids, 35 molluscs (Polyplacophora 1, gastropods 30, bivalves 4), 9 arthropods (cirripediae 2, malacostraca 7) & 3 echinoderms (stelleroids 3). The Highest diversity was found during the mid & high tidal zones. Diversity & distribution configurations were found to be linked with topography & prevailing environmental con...
MUJIBUR RAHMAN1, MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN1*, WISAL SHAH1 & ALIA NAZ1
UROOJ SAEED1, SAJID RASHID AHMAD2, HAMMAD GILANI3*, RAB NAWAZ4, NAEEM SHAHZAD5, IRFAN ASHRAF6 & WAQAS AHMED QAZI3
Mubashar Hussain*, Takhmina Nazir and Muhammad Faheem Malik
...s (1.61%) was the least abundant species. The results of diversity indices showed lowest Simpson index value (1-D= 0.89) in Rasool Nagar which is indication of high diversity. Maximum species richness was recorded at Behram (H’: 2.47) whereas greater evenness was recorded at Burj Cheema (e^H/S: 0.89). This quantitative assessment of coccinellids from riverside fauna indicated the conservatory impact of the habitat on lady bird beetles....
Qurrat ul Ain Shafique1, Sana Batool2, Hanfa Ashfaq2, Asima Tayyab2, Roquyya Gul3 and Mahjabeen Saleem1*
...in-2 (IL-2) is a 4-helix-bundle type I cytokine possessing a cytokine receptor chain essential for the immune response. The current study presents a vector/host combination (pET28a(+)/IL-2) and optimization of expression in LB,TB and M9 media with varying concentrations of inducers (IPTG and lactose) and post induction time. Maximum expression of IL-2 was achieved in LB with 0.5 mM IPTG for 6 hours post induction time. A denaturing purification scheme (Immobil...
Dio Fico Felsidan Diatmono1, Seraphina Kumala1, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi2, Stefani Winda Paramita1, Megawati Andi1, Yustina Yuni Suranindyah3, Diah Tri Widayati1*
Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova
...ence of emphysematous carbuncle in animals in Kazakhstan forces a constant search for methods aimed at its elimination. One such approach is the timely and rapid diagnosis of the disease, which will allow the timely implementation of preventive measures. The purpose of the study was to develop an express test to identify cases of animal morbidity for emphysematous carbuncle in the field. For this purpose, a serological metho...
