Gregg D. Caruso
Science, Religion and Culture
...d the human mind (minds, brains, souls, and free will)? Do science and religion occupy non-overlapping magisteria? How do science and religion support, oppose, and/or inform each other? What is the relationship between religion and modern culture? What is the relationship between science and modern culture? How do the various faith traditions view the relationship between science and religion? What, if any, are the limits of scientific explanation? And what ar...
Jonas Johansson Wensman1*a, Karl-Johan Leuchowius2,3 a, Jiting Yan1, Anna-Lena Berg4, Liv Bode5, Hanns Ludwig5, Sandor Belak6, Ulf Landegren2, Ola Soderberg2, Mikael Berg6
...Viral persistence in the brain has been frequently observed, however, the exact mechanisms behind BDV’s ability to establish persistence despite a prominent immune response are not known. Here we have used in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), a selective tool for studying virus-host protein-protein interactions. BDV P (phosphoprotein) and N (nucleoprotein) have previously been reported to interact with several host proteins, thereby interferin...
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
...ltifactorial disorder of brain and, if left untreated, major medical, social, and economic problems arise. Drug addiction is among major health issues faced by the World including Pakistan with an alarming annual increase in heroin addicts. The study was designed to identify the socio-demographic risk factors contributing to increasing susceptibility to heroin addiction in Pakistani populations. In this epidemiological study subjects were interviewed through a...
Characterization, Tissue-Specific and Developmental Stage Expression of Somatostatin in Coilia nasus
Siyu Yang1, Fukuan Du2 and Pao Xu1,2*
... expression level in the brain. During embryogenesis, SS1 mRNA was detected during early-stage embryonic development, decreased during subsequent developmental stages then increased gradually from the stage of midgastrula onward. This study provides some basic evidence that SS1 may play a role in growth, development and metabolism in C. nasus, and provides a basis for further study of SS neuropeptide family in C. nasus....
Imed Ben Salem*, Aymen Ben Ibrahim, M’barek Chetoui and Said Nouira
...e greater breadth of the braincase, length of the nasals and length of the tympanic bulla, than the other species. This is probably related to a phenotypic evolution due to selective pressure, as is also the case in the genus Gerbillus....
Muhammad Asif Zahoor1, Zeeshan Nawaz1, Abu Baker Siddique1, Sajjad ur Rahman2 and Shahid Ali1*
...of Mycoplasma spp. using brain heart infusion broth supplemented with horse serum. The blood was used for serum plate agglutination assay. Thereafter, the samples were subjected to genomic DNA extraction to detect Mycoplasma spp. using multiplex-PCR. Isolation and identification data showed that a total of 58/96 samples (60.41%) were positive for Mycoplasma infections whereas a total of 61/96 blood samples were also found positive using serum plate agglutinati...
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...rious tissues, including brain, heart, spleen, kidney, intestine, gill, liver, skin, blood and muscle of common carp. Expression profiles provided us more evidences to understand GST gene functions as well as their functional evolution post duplication. Overall, the whole set of GST genes provide essential genomic resources for future biochemical, toxicological and physiological studies in common carp.
...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...nes were abundant in the brain, showed sexual dimorphism, and were inconsistently expressed during embryogenesis. These results indicated that CcSoxD plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and may be involved in sexual development in carp. And they provide a foundation for further study of the function of CcSoxD genes during carp development and neurogenesis.
...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
..., myocardial infarction, brain stroke and myocardial infarction. Strain improvement is an important approach for its hyper production. In this connection, wild bacterial strain Streptococcus equisimilis was mutagenized using ethidium bromide and UV radiation. The colonies (15 each) showing > 1% survival rate at 150 min of UV exposure and 12 % survival at 0.5 mg/ml of ethidium bromide for 120 min were selected. Casein hydrolytic assay identified EB3, ...
Sana Qanber Abbasi1*, Ejaz Ahmed2 and Rabia Sattar1
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad**, Badar Naseem Siddiqui***, Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hassan****, Ijaz Ashraf**, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan***** and Aijaz Kuharoo******
COMMUNICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH GROUP CONTACT METHODS IN PAKISTAN
...ssions, role playing and brainstorming. However, seed/ fertilizer dealers proved to be the most effective source of agricultural information followed by workshops, panel discussions, role playing and brainstorming. However, 28.93 of the respondents never contacted seed/fertilizer dealers while 31.78% occasionally contacted, 26.43% rarely contacted and 12.86% regularly contacted them for obtaining latest agricultural informat...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish were also studied. The mean 96 h LC50 and lethal value for C. mrigala was determined as 47.56±0.04 and 93.89±0.07 mgL-1, respectively. The selected concentration of Fe+Ni+Pb+Zn concentrations showed strong and direct relationship with, fin movement followed by mucous secretion, hyperactivity and swimming rate for C. mrigala with R2 value of 0.858,...
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
...erved in bone, lungs and brain, which are generally not consumed by the local population. Meat, the most consumed part of the chicken has been found to be among the least contaminated tissues. Importantly, the lead (Pb) content was found to be of serious concern in the tested chicken samples, as it was measured to be higher than its maximum permissible limit (0.1 mg/kg) in poultry meat set by WHO and European Union. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the te...
Thomas W. Clark
...roscience as it maps the brain processes that mediate choice and behavior. Where the soul once presided, there are, it turns out, only neurons in fantastically complex structures which somehow maintain the coherent psychological and behavioral pattern – character, beliefs, desires – that constitutes each of us as a person. The feeling of being a singular self that owns these characteristics is real enough, but there’s no indivisible thing to ...
Ansar Ahmed Abbasi1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Imtiaz Ahmed6, Hao Hu7, Sylvie Picker-Minh2-4,8, Muhammad Nasim Khan5, Khalid Hameed1, Aneela Gulnaz1, Zahid Latif5, Abdul Rauf5 and Angela M. Kaindl2-4,8
... severe reduction in the brain volume that affects especially the neocortex, and intellectual disability. To date 17 genes have been linked with this disease. Biallelic mutations in the abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated gene ASPM causes MCPH type 5, the most common MCPH subtype. In the current study we recruited two families from Sialkot region of Pakistan which were assessed by whole exome sequencing and cosegregation analysis. We identifi...
Nasir Raza Zaidi1, Mian Waheed Ahmad1, Mahesh Gautam1, Riffat Mehboob2*
Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Pakistani population- A crosssectional study
...lammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord where it damages the myelin sheath
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The first hundred patients who came for
reporting MRI of t...
protecting the neurons. Many environmental and genetic factors have been associated with MS. The aim of this study
is to identify the possible risk factors that are linked to MS in Pakistani population. This study was conducted in
Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2013 to 2014. The first hundred patients who came for
reporting MRI of t...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...a melanogaster adult brain, is an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, IRK1. Knocking down the potassium channels specifically on PDF expressing neurons using UAS-GAL4 RNAi system resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lack of the potassium channels also caused a robust increase in sleep and reduction in the fly’s active period during the day. We obs...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...hs. In the present study brain samples were collected from twelve pigeon flocks exhibiting signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected samples were positive for NDV and negative for avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon partial F gene sequencing. Partial F gene sequencing revealed that all tested isolates harbor a cleavage ...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...ver, kidney, muscles and brain. Among the fish species, C. mrigala accumulated significantly higher concentration of all metals as compared to L. rohita and C. catla. Bioaccumulation of all metals among the organs followed the order: liver>gills>kidney>brain>muscles, however, metals followed the trend for their accumulation: Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb. Antioxidant (catalase) activity decreased sign...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yongkai Tang1, Juhua Yu1, Shengyan Su1, Fan Yu1, Jianlin Li1, Hongxia Li1, Meiyao Wang1 and Pao Xu1,2,*
... study, we sequenced the brain transcriptome of C. nasus using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. We obtained 123,764 unigenes with an average length of 1092 bp and a total of 115,169 putative Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). Among them, 37 SSRs were selected for the validation experiments. All of the loci were found to be polymorphic and showed bi-allelic in 60 individuals of C. nasus. These SSR markers should not only be useful for population conserv...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Wardah Hassan3, Moazama Batool4, Shakeela Perveen5, Sadia Maalik4 and Sajida Mushtaq4
...s (liver, gills, kidney, brain, heart and muscle) of fish, Labeo rohita. The LC50 of chlorpyrifos+endosulfan mixture was calculated as 1.95±0.02 μgL-1 for 96 h with the 95% confidence limits. The fish expose to the mixture (1:1) for 96-h. The results obtained from this study showed that superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver, gills, kidney, brain
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Razia Sultana2, Muhammad Arshad Malik3, Sibtain Afzal4, Mubashar Hussain5, Shahid Bashir6
...t reward pathways of the brain. In Pakistan, nicotine use is very high and its consumption is expected to increase further in future. This article focuses on the increase of nicotine consumption in Pakistan and how people can get rid of smoking habit using the latest method such as transcranial direct current stimulation.
...
Zeynep Soyer Sarıca1*, Meryem Eren2 and Meryem Senturk2
... oxidative damage in the brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes were estimated in the brain tissues of the Sprague Dawley rats. Compared to the control groups, a significant increase in the brain tissue MDA level of the group which received only 10 mg/kg K
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...elp to protect the blood brain barrier by regulating of a cascade including the expression of microRNA-29b which regulates DNMT3b that in turn regulates level of MMP-9.
...
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
...liver, kidney, gills and brain and then compared with control group. The results showed that the antioxidant activity increased significantly in all organs of metal stressed fish as compared to the control fish. Among all test concentrations, the activity of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) was significantly higher in the fish liver under 96-hr LC50 manganese exposed fish as evident from its mean value as 0.685±0.005UmL-1, followed ...
Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...idney, muscle, heart and brain of fish Catla catla exposed for 4-day. After each sampling (24-hr interval) fish were dissected and required organs were obtained. Results showed that the POD activity was augmented in all selected organs of Pb+2 exposed fish in relation to control. The POD activity in organs of fish followed the order: brain>liver>gills>kidney>heart>muscle. Regression analysis showed a positive ...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...dney, gills, muscles and brain of Cirrhina mrigala. The 120-days old fish were exposed to 1/4th (11.81mgL-1) and 2/3rd (31.49mgL-1) of 96-h LC50 of water-borne Pb for three fortnights (42 days) in glass aquaria at pH 7.5, temperature 30°C and total hardness 250mgL-1. After each fortnight, fish were sampled from each treatment and different organs such as liver, kidney, gills muscles a...
Yun-Feng Liu, Yong-Mei Guan, Dan Chen, Jia-Le Chen, Chen Jin, Wei-Feng Zhu, Lu Wu and Li-Hua Chen*
...i>0.05). In the skin and brain, the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0→t) of brucine and strychnine in co-administrated with PRAE were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the Cmax and AUC0→t of paeoniflorin in co-administrated with SSE increased significantly (P<0.05). These results showed that the co-administrated of SSE and PRAE can play a...
Mingsan Miao*, Hui Zhao, Jiaojiao Jia, Xiaoyan Fang and Yanyan Miao
...the neuronal enolase and brain biochemical factors in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice model and to assess the protection mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice model was used where bilateral common carotid artery was targeted to block blood flow, reperfusion and then re-blocking the arteries. Brain tissues were examined 24 hours post-drug administration to de...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
... Tissue samples from the brain, heart, aorta and kidneys were used for analysis of the collagen content besides tissue luminol, lucigenin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. A significant difference was determined between the CRF group and the control group with regard to heart rate, blood pressure, serum creatinine, BUN, LDH, cytokines and urinary electrolyte levels. Furthermore, monocyte and neutrophil apoptosis, tissue luminol, lucigenin, m...
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...s (TPCs) in tissues viz. brain, gills, kidney, heart, muscle and liver of Labeo rohita kept under sub-lethal dose (4.13 µgL-1) of chlorpyrifos. Fish was kept under chlorpyrifos stress for two months and samples were collected on weekly basis. It was noted that GST level varied significantly with duration. The GST level was raised in first 28 days after that it was dropped off up to 56-day. The trend of GST in fish tissues was observed a...
Expression Analysis of BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 in Rams with Different Fecundity
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...evel of six genes in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and adrenal gland in high fecundity (Small Tail Han sheep) and low fecundity (Sunite sheep) rams. The results were as follows: BMPR1B, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad9 were expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Further study indicated that the expression of BMPRIB
Aamir Mushtaq1,2, Rukhsana Anwar1 and Mobasher Ahmad1,2,*
...dative neuronal decay in brain parts. Methanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum (meP.a) dried seeds was explored qualitatively and quantitatively for analysis of phytoconstituents along with anti-oxidant activity. Anti-amnesic activity was found by behavioral and biochemical studies for which male albino mice were grouped into seven groups. Mice were subjected to elevated plus maze, hole board and light dark paradigm on (day 7th and 8th
Tingting Li, Shuangshuang Geng, Long Xie, Huiyan Xu, Aolin Luo, Pengwei Zhao, Huan Yang, XingWei Liang, YangQing Lu, XiaoGan Yang* and KeHuan Lu*
...factor cloned from mouse brain tissue by Lin et al. (1993) and can also be secreted by Sertoli cells. GDNF has a variety of physiological functions and plays important roles in the nervous system and in the reproduction of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). To date, commercialized murine and human GDNF have typically been used for the in vitro culture of SSCs from domestic animals. However, whether endogenous GDNF is superior to xenogenic GDNF in ...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
... first discovered in rat brain. It is a ligand for receptor FM4/TGR-1 which is also called as NMU receptor type II (NMU2R). Mainly it is expressed in SCN and involved in regulation of food intake and dark light circadian rhythms. In rodents and higher primates its stimulatory role in HPG axis is reported. Growth hormone (GH) is released from anterior pituitary and directly or indirectly play very important role in regulation of HPG axis. In the present study t...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...cancer, blood cancer and brain tumor. In addition to serum zinc level of cancer patients many other parameters were also studied such as, age limit, weight of cancer patients, effect of smoking on cancer patients, effect of radiation on cancer patients, effect of chemicals on cancer patients, infections in cancer patients and physiological changes in some patients. The experimental work had been done in city lab and research center Lahore to evaluate the serum...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
... from the surface of the brain called the scalp. The acquired EEG signals are further processed using feature extraction approach and finally classified into movements using classification techniques. This research article mainly focuses on classification of motor movements recorded in the form of EEG signals of four limb movements. The database used in this study has already ben been utilized by the researchers earlier with different combinations of classific...
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1,
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
...rations in gills, liver, brain, kidney, intestine and muscles related with oxidative stress damage was observed. Genotoxicity increased with increase in time and concentration of cypermethrin. Cypermethrin is therefore extremly harmful to aquatic life.
... 
Yanni, M. I1; Hanaa A. Ahmed2; Lamyaa, A. Ahmed1; Hanan, A. Fahmy3 and Ibrahim, E.M.4 Aggour, M. G.3
... performed directly from brain samples. Phylogenetic analysis including sequences from all previous Egyptian isolates and neighboring countries isolates was conducted. The % of nucleotide identities of the Egyptian recent isolate (Egy/cairo /2014) with three previous Egyptian isolates were 98.4-98 and 98.4% respectively. Egy/cairo/14 share nucleotide identity with the vaccinal strain flury LEP and kelev with a percentage of (93.1% and 98% respectively). All Eg...
Sahar Abd El Rahman1; Mohamed Eladl2 and Mohamed M. El-Diasty3
...escence technique in the brain sections of positively inoculated mice. Reverse transcriptase polymerases chain (RT-PCR) reaction was performed directly on buffy coat samples for molecular identification of the virus showed 470 bp clear band in gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of the utilized techniques in the identification and diagnosis of bovine ephemeral fever disease revealed that the virus isolation is a gold standard technique, as well, the immunoflu...
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
...wn adipose tissue (BAT), brain (B), heart (H), kidney (K), liver (L), and muscle (M) tissues. An average of 67.0% CCGG loci was methylated in each tissue. There were significant methylation differences among tissues in full-methylation (p < 0.001) and total methylation (p = 0.001). Moreover, various unique methylated loci (15–59) were also detected. Non-negligible level of hemi-methylation (31.4%) existed, indicating that CHG methylation...
Luis Daniel Jiménez Martínez1, Vicente Morales Garcia2, Carlos Alfonso Frias Quintana3, Alejandra del Carmen Castillo Collado1, Gloria Gertrudys Asencio Alcudia4, Carina Shianya Alvarez Villagomez4, Emyr Saul Peña Marín4,5, Bartolo Concha Frias1 and
Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-Gonzalez4
..., muscle, gill, stomach, brain and liver in adult males of A. tropicus from reared in captivity through three BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Based on our results we can conclude that in the three BestKeeper, NormFinder and geNorm algorithms, the most stable genes are ef1, followed by 18s rrna and actb where the gene stability will depend on specific tissue to analyze in tropical gar A. tropicus adults.
Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
...bution and metastasis of brain nerve fibers or white matter. In terms of leukoaraiosis degree, FA decreased. Where, DR increased, AMO decreased, Dave and DAx remained unchanged. Most FA reduction observed in white matter was observed in the corpus callosum. In the end we concluded τ protein expression in cerebrospinal fluid can enable identification of the occurrence of LA symptoms to a certain extent. Its combined use with DTI, an important tool for non-i...
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
... genes were expressed in brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens and adrenal gland tissues in both breeds. The expression level of Clock and BMAL1 showed similar trends in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis and epididymis in both breeds. The expression levels of Clock, BMAL1, and Cry1 were significantly higher in the pituitary tissue ...
Zheng Tan*, Li Li, Yuxin Song, Meirong Tian and Fan Jia
...ges in serum endothelin, brain natriuretic peptide and high sensitive c-reactive protein in patients with CHD were observed and analyzed. The levels of serum endothelin, brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein were significantly higher in AMI group compared to UAP group, SAP group and the control group, p<0.05. The level of indicators in the UAP group was higher than that in the SAP group and the...
Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2
...ta and pons level in the brain, it was found that in the outer part of the meninges, an inversion of the substantia alba was formed in an outer layer, as if the substance was invaginated. As a result, various anomalies in 6 calves were evaluated according to pathological and anatomical investigations. These findings are believed to contribute to the literature....
Muhammad Amin1*, Masarrat Yousuf1 and Naveed Ahmad2
...ein was estimated in the brain, gills and muscle tissues. Significant (p< 0.005- 0.00) decreased in total protein was noted in response to all the pesticides as compared to control group and a slight increase was also noted during 48 h as compared to 24 h. The level of total protein was decreased for pesticides in order of chlorpyrifos>malathion> lambda-cyhalothrin during the exposure period....
Qaisra Siddique1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique1 and Qingyou Liu3
... (gills, hepatic, renal, brain, muscle and cardiac) of Labeo rohita was determined. Fish was exposed for 60-day and sampling was done after 7-day. Results showed that the GST activity was considerably increased in L. rohita as compared to control. The GST activity was enhanced in various tissues (hepatic, brain, cardiac, gills, renal and muscle) of CPF treated fish as compared to control group. Comparison among different con...
Xiuli Wang1, Cuilan Hu2 and Sen Ye3*
...xpression, postoperative brain function. Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, infarction group, 4.5h thrombolysis group and 6h thrombolysis group. The postoperative body weight loss rate and neurological function change of each group were observed by body weight test and neurological function scores. The infarct volume and microvessel density of each group were detected by TTC staining and immunohistochemistry. The effects of thro...
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*
... MAO-B and Lipo level in brain tissue, enhanced the SOD and GSH-Px activity in brain tissue, and increased the IgA, IgG, IL-1 and IL-2 level in serum. In addition, OR significantly improved the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and NOQ1 in the brain tissues of aging mice, which was detected by western blotting. In conclusion, OR treatment improved behavioral disorders and
Zhongxi Zhang1, Ping Zou2*, Jingfang Zhang1, Yujuan Zeng1 and Yujie Tang1
...nt time window and blood-brain barrier marker protein expression in rats with acute basilar artery occlusion. Sprague Dawley rats (n=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups, 30 in each group, which were sham operation group, model group, and intravenous thrombolysis for 0, 2, 4, and 6h groups. The rats were scored by Zea-Longa method. The effects of intravenous thrombolysis on brain injury and blood-
Hye-myoung, Jang 1,3, Ju-Hyeun, Kim3, Garam Park1, Yoon Dong Choi4, Sun-Eui Kim1,5, Gwang Joo Jeon1,2*
...;-protein) formed in the brain tissues. Under the hypothesis of obesity inducing potential dementia, mice were fed with high-fat energy diet to gain excessive weight. The experimental groups in this study are 1) high-fat diet fed only (control) and 2) high-fat diet fed with AE added (AE group). After the experiment was terminated, they were slaughtered and brains were obtained. Throughout the experiment, measured were change...
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
...d except heamorrhages in brain, congested liver, spleen, brain and muscles besides greenish content of the gizzard. The histopathological examination of lung, brain, liver, and trachea of these diseased quails revealed non-suppurative encephalitis, perivascular cuffing, congestion of hepatic sinusoids, degenerative changes in the hepatic cells and interstitial lymphocytic aggregations in t...
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2
...ndonesia. Samples of the brain and synovial tissue were processed using hematoxylin-eosin dyes (HE). On histopathological examination, congestion, edema, mild infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the meningen, and ischemic neuronal pyknosis were found in the brain. In the synovial tissue, there is a heavy infiltration of neutrophils with few macrophages. Microbiological examination showed the growth of small round ...
Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq
...nsible for infections of brain, eyes, ears, digestive tract, respiratory tract and urinary tract. It has become difficult to treat these infections as these microbes have become resistant to variety of antibiotics. Due to multidrug resistance only few choices are left to treat the bacterial infections....
Rawda S. Mohamed1,2, Mohammed Y. Matoock2*, Abeer H. Abdelrazek2
...um corticosterone level, brain levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Mice were subjected to open field, plus maze, and dark light activity box tests. Swiss Multiple Acute concurrent Stress (SMAS) showed more responsiveness to MAS than Balb/c Multiple Acute concurrent Stress (BMAS) in most biochemical and behavioral parameters, with an elevated level of corticostero...
Ramadan Sary, Asmaa M. Ibrahium*
...one used for housing the brain; comprised of frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid and temporal bone while the bones of face formed of nasal, quadrate bone, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, premaxillary, maxillary and ethmoid. The cranium and viscerocranium demarcated from each other by orbital cavities. The mandible composed of five ill distinguished bones; dental, splenial, angular, supra angular, and the articular.
Keywords | Egyp...
Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3
...ect deep and countercoup brain bruises, independent fractures of the top and roof of both orbits, subdural hemorrhage with edema and shifting of the mid-line to the left, frontal lobe with severe hemorrhagic discharge in the ventricles, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and exclusion of berry aneurysm in vertebral arteries, traumatic tear due to intracranial and intraspinal courses, temporal were seen. Due to unilateral brain ...
Rezqita Putri Pitaloka1, Kartiawati Alipin1, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2, Gemilang Lara Utama3, Ramdan Panigoro2, Ratu Safitri1*
...art, spleen, kidney, and brain. The results showed that the effective dose was the combination of 75 mg/kg BW DFP and 50 mg/kg BW SWEE as an adjuvant, while 200mg/kg BW SWEE can be used as a substitute for chelators, especially in the heart. The decrease in serum and organ iron levels due to the combination of DFP and SWEE showed their ability to act as an adjuvant and substitute for chelators.
Keywords | Adjuvant, Deferiprone, Iron levels, Sappan wood...
Samiya Rehman*, Eman Mustafa, Ali Ahmad Faiz, Maheen Kanwal, Farkhanda Yasmin and Arooj Fatima
...s reduction in cortex of brain, alteration in structure and function of myelin sheath, neuroinflammation resulted in reduced memory, decision making and thinking power. The adverse effects of drug addiction can be reversed to greater extent through usage of anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise and deactivation of microglial pathways. Plants are proved to be promising source of recovering drug addiction side effects. This article also focuses on psychological and ...
Esam A Razin1, Hassan Sobhy2, Tarek R. AboElnaga1, Asmaa A. Darwish1*, Rasha S. Mohammed1
...heart, lung, spleen, and brain on the 49th day, stained, and histopathologically examined. Although, both treatments presented a significant improvement (P<0.05) in their parasitological and clinicopathological results, DAG suffered from lower levels of GR than BG, and its organs microscopical examination clarified severe lesions similar to TG. While, BG clinicopathological parameters and histopathological results were so close to CG. CK, CK-MB, LDH, and GR...
Oussama Zghari*, Mouloud Lamtai, Sofia Azirar, Mohamed Yassine El-Brouzi, Hajar Benmhammed, Aboubaker El-Hessni, Ali Ouichou, Abdelhalem Mesfioui
...g various regions of the brain and causing many neuropathological and neurobehavioral abnormalities as well as oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, melatonin (MEL) has been considered as an antidepressant, anxiolytic substance and protects neurons from OS. The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotection effect of MEL against Al neurotoxicity and OS in male Wistar rats. Rats received an intraperitoneal and/or a single intrahippocampal injection of ...
Sen Ye1, Jiangang Pang2 and Xiuli Wang3*
...emistry was performed on brain sections after 24 h reperfusion. We found that compared with the rivaroxaban group, the warfarin pretreatment group had an increased ICH volume; PAR-1, -2, -3, and -4 were widely expressed in the normal brain and there was higher expression in the ischemic brain, especially in ischemic peripheral lesions. Warfarin pretreatment enhanced the expression of PAR-1...
Xiaowei Huang1, Chao Ma1, He Lin1, Yuchen Wang1, Yan Xu1, Guangfu Lv2* and Zhe Lin1*
...corticoid receptor (MR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), trosine kinase B (TrkB) and cyclic adenosine monophosphatec response element binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus were detected by western blotting. The results showed that, OR could significantly reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT in serum and improve the damage of hippocampal structure, and increase the expression levels of GR, MR, BDNF, TrkB and CREB in hippocampus. In conclusion, Ov...
Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*
...eccentric nuclei. In the brain, different histological alterations like necrosis and degeneration of neurons, and microgliosis were seen, whereas the heart of treated fish showed hemorrhages, edema, and neutrophilic myocarditis. In conclusion, Pymetrozine appears to have harmful effects on blood biochemistry and histological alterations in several tissues of bighead carp....
Sarwat Yousuf1, Shaista Emad2 , Mohammad Misbah ur Rehman3, Zehra Batool4, Sara Qadeer5, Yousra Sarfaraz1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sana Sadaf6 and Tahira Perveen1,*
...proved at low doses. The brain antioxidant defense enzymes were also enhanced whereas plasma corticosterone levels were significantly decreased following the administration of a low dose of lemon peel oil. However, rats administered with higher doses of lemon peel oil that act as prooxidants showed depression and anxiety-like effects, and impaired muscular strength. Altered brain antioxidant enzyme activity and elevated cort...
Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2*
...ect RABV antigens in the brain of rabid dog. Relevant reads from the Ion S5 sequencing system were assembled into a draft genome. The draft genome was analyzed, re-assembled, and compared to representative RABV genomes from Africa and the Middle East region. Results: The complete genome of 5EG-QH19 strain extends for 11919 nt including the standard RABV protein genes in the correct order. Twenty-nine synonymous and five non-synonymous mutations were evident in...
Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*
...y conditions in distinct brain regions is still lacking. To address the said gap in knowledge, first we have identified the TFs specific to IL-1β a key player in mediating inflammatory process using online databases. Next, we identified the interacting partners of the significantly differentially expressed TFs out of the selected ones, and the mRNA expression changes were studied for both the differentially expressed TF along with its interacting partners...
Bing Yan1, Meng Meng Zhang2, Xi Chen2, Yongming Li2*, Muhammad Khan3* and Tonghui Ma1*
...ommon and lethal primary brain tumors due to its high malignancy and heterogeneity. Despite recent advances in medical technology and concerted effort to improve therapeutic methods, the prognosis of GBM still remains very poor. The poor prognosis is associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) which hold the potential of self-renewal, and differentiation into pathogenomic heterogeneous tumor formation leading to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, targeting CSCs a...
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
...hird most common chronic brain disorder. It is regarded as an enduring tendency to produce seizures. A type of epilepsy known as lafora disease is autosomal recessive progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) with onset in teenage years of a progressively stubborn seizure disorder which brings declining mental function, dementia and finally death within ten years after the first symptoms. Lafora disease is defective in two well-known genes EPM2A and EPM2B. EPM2B (N...
Kristina Morkūnienė*, Rūta Insodaitė, Laimutis Kučinskas, Renata Bižienė
...rotein leading to higher brain functions in bees. In this study, we aimed to test the contribution of three Mblk-1 gene polymorphisms to the resistance to V. destructor mites. This case–control study involved 117 DNA samples that were genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics 20 and PLINK software. SNP at position 7454459 (Asn &ra...
Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3*
...cidated. ...
Xiao-Wei Huang1,2, Mei-Li Liu1, Jin-Ji Wang1, Yue-Xin Liu3, Zhe Lin1, Chun-Shu Rong4* and Ji-Xiang Ren4*
..., malondialdehyde (MDA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum were detected using ELISA. The protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the hippocampus were detected through western blotting. In the results, VAP contained 17 kinds of AA, including 7 essential AA, with a content of 394.08 g/kg, the total AA content was 831.55 g/kg. ...
Zhi Qiang Gao*, Dan Dan Zhang, Qin Gmei Qin, Xiu Xiu Li, Li Li, Yan Zhong Xue and Shifeng Guo
...lored. For this purpose, brain tissue samples were collected from 40 patients diagnosed with glioneuronal tumors (GNTs), including 25 cases of gangliogliomas (GGs) and 15 cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs). Then, the DNA of GNTs tissues was extracted, and the PSEN1 E280A mutation was detected by sequencing. Finally, the correlation of PSEN1 E280A mutation with clinical characteristics was analyzed. PSEN1 E280A mutation was detected in 16 G...
Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*
...uctokinase (PFK) in mice brain were evaluated. In the results, G. straminea ethanol extract markedly enhanced hypoxia tolerance in mice. It attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels (in liver and brain), and elevating SOD (in liver and brain), T-AOC and CAT (in liver). Furthermore, pre-treatment with G. straminea ethanol extracts significantly increased ATP content...
Morcos Ibrahim Yanni1* and Eid Elsaid Abdelaziz2
... virus isolates from the brain tissues of three dogs from 2017 to 2019 at the genetic level of the N and P genes from three governorates of Delta region in Egypt with earlier isolates, locally used vaccinal strains and other used strains internationally. Ten brain tissues from confirmed rabid cases in three governorates; Dakahleya (3), Alexandria (4); and Beheira (3) were diagnosed using viral cell culture and Direct Fluores...
Nauman Jamil Khan1, Rabia Tariq2, Hina Saleem2 and Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq2*
...es such as hypertension, brain strokes, renal irregularity, heart attack etc. Various analytical techniques including atomic absorption spectroscopy, chromatography methods, ion selective electrode method, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, complexometric titration method and thermometric endpoint titrimetry are developed to determine the quantity of sodium. Spectrophotometric methods are cheap, easy to handle and more precise to quantify sodium in food con...
Ibrahim l , Madiha Salah and Ikuta 2, Kazuyoshi
...ncluding lung, liver and brain tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 100% for Sysmex avian influenza kit and 86% and 33% for Sysmex influenza MB kit. Thus, Sysmex avian influenza kit was shown to be a potentially useful tool for the direct and rapid detection of H5N1 in clinical specimens due to its high specificity. Additionally, an advantage over the other kit is specifically reacting with viruses of avia...
Rabia Anjum
...ease of neurons in which brain cells started to loss their functions. Its main cause is dementia which results in decreased activity of brain such as thinking and increased dependence on others to fulfill the daily tasks. The pathological identification of AD is beta amyloid accumulation or development of neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins. Currently different hypothesis was proposed in the progression of disease which ...
Eman, M. Abd El-Mottaleb.*; Ahmed, S.A."; Maysa, H.M.*; Salem, S.A.* and M. M. El-Shenawy
...ure and inoculated mouse brain, while immunoperoxidase technique was done on bovine lung. Haematological examination revealed leucocytosis accompanied with neutrophilia (immature form) and lymphopenia. Histopathological examination clarified the most common lesion of field cases in lung in the form of pulmonary emphysema and alveolar collapse as well as interstitial pneumonia and proliferation of the cells lining the bronchioles. Severe edema and infiltration ...
Estabraq Hayder Khayoon, Ammar Ahmed Abdulwahid*
... to evaluate the how the brain effected oxidatively by Acrylamide exposure and the ability of Curcumin to ameliorate the neurotoxicity. For this investigation, thirty mature male albino rats be used, (10/group), the control group (CC), animals were intubated with distilled water for 40 days, Group G1, rats received Acrylamide 5 mg/kg B.W. every day for 40 days by gavage needle, and Group G2, in this group animals got Acrylamide 5 mg/kg B.W. and Curcumin 100 m...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
...accine production, using brain heart infusion broth media....
Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1
...of time during which the brain’s development exhibits increased sensitivity to specific types of learning and external influences. This period is usually associated with the development of age-related neurodevelopmental processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecules that play an important role in physiological processes including neuronal survival and differentiation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pruning, and b...
Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain
...f Rabies in fresh canine brain tissues. The preferred methods for routine diagnosis include PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), and Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT). In endemic locations, vaccinations with DNA, recombinant vaccines, and live, attenuated, or inactivated viruses can be administered. This study provides comprehensive information on immunization, treatment techniques, pathophysiology, epidemiology, transmission, and relevant preventive and control measur...
Sedef Selviler Sizer1, Semih Kurt1*, Burcu Onuk1, Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci2 and Murat Kabak1
...ssues, including eye and brain tissues, of the heads placed in the Dermestes colony were cleaned in one day in cats, two days in roe deer, and three days in cows. In addition, it was observed that the Dermestes colony was not a preference priority when consuming soft tissues such as eyes, brain and muscle. This current manuscript has revealed the advantages of the hydrogen peroxide application in whitening and degreasing bon...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...s develop throughout the brain, but more frequently are extensive in white matter. Currently, three different approaches are being utilized to treat MS, where synthetic drugs are the most frequently used but they do not cure the disease. Secondly, the stem cell therapy but this too has limited success in treating MS in humans. The thirds technique involving administering hormones has been found to be most effective method but this too have some significant sid...
Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1
..., and DNA damage in fish brain after exposure to Malathion at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research aimed to assess the potential toxicity of Malathion on fish health, utilizing histological examinations and genetic toxicity assessments through micronuclei and Comet assays. Freshwater fish were exposed to Malathion for 18 days under constant pH, temperature and hardness conditions. The study involved sacrificing fish on the 6th, 12th, and 18th ...
Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Mouloud Lamtai1, Zineb El Marzouki1, Amal Dimaoui1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1
...nduce lasting changes in brain structure, neurochemistry, and function, a process known as “early-life programming.” These changes are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. While the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is implicated in depression, how changes in NO kinetics impact sex-dependent affective behaviors has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focuses on the effects of LPS-induced early immune challenge on NO re...
Idrissi Ouedrhiri Housna1, Bikri Samir1,2*, Benloughmari Douae1, Aboussaleh Youssef1
...ly, organs (pancreas and brain) were dissected to measure LPO levels as indicators of OS. The data underwent a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test for inter-group comparisons.The results revealed that combining MET with MEL alleviated OS in the brain and pancreas of diabetic mice subjected to CIS for two months by reducing LPO accumulation (P<0.05). This combination treatment effecti...
Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1
...e (AChE) activity in the brain showed no significant difference (P=0.952). The ZnONPs significantly influenced antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, and GST), while the mortality rate, average body weight, and neurotoxicity of tilapia were not statistically affected. Hence, the addition of ZnONPs in small quantities (3mg/g diet) enhances antioxidant biomarkers and has the potential to serve as a feed additive for improving animal health and nutrition. ...
Isti Anindya1, Ibnu Agus Ariyanto2 and Amin Soebandrio2
...onal connectivity of the brain in children with autism. The infection in healthy children is usually mild or asymptomatic, but individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe diseases. Study in Egypt showed a high prevalence of CMV IgG (97.8%) in children with autism. In Indonesia, there is no current data available to indicate the prevalence of CMV in children with autism. Therefore, we examined anti-CMV IgG in children with autism and ...
Abdulla A. Albishtue1,3, Nurhusien Yimer1,5*, Md Zuki A. Zakaria2, Abd Wahid Haron1, Abdul Salam Babji4
... to the deterioration of brain functions. Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is important natural product that has biological characteristics, such as regenerative effect. The objective of this research was to evaluate EBN’s neuroprotective role on the cerebral and cerebellar cortexes of lead acetate-exposed adult female rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were allocated randomly into five groups, with six rats in each group. The control group (C) received sole...
Zhongjiang Niu1, Periyannan Velu2, Annamalai Vijayalakshmi2*
...l electrical impulses in brain. The role of P2Y purinergic receptor in epilepsy is less known. NF45, a P2Y antagonist receptor, plays a crucial role in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindled epilepsy. This study assessed the locomotion and hippocampal levels of mitochondrial complexes (IV, II, and I) in animal model. The experiment also assessed Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), mean kindling score, hypertension, anxiety, discrimination ability (SNSE), ...
Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*
...ributed to inhibition of brain calcium transportation. Propranolol reduces the physical signs of anxiety by blocking adrenergic neurotransmitters. Currently, Vogel conflict paradigm was applied to measure anxiety and validated by using anxiolytic agent, diazepam, and anxiogenic drug, caffeine. Vogel paradigm is based on the conflict between animal’s licking water and receiving electric shocks. Rats were individually tested in the anxiometer for a 10-min ...
Mariam Ismail Ali1*, Rania Helmi Abdou1, Mary Ayad Sargious2, Omnia Mohamed Khattab2, Kawthar Abdelwahed Elhady1
...hological lesions in the brain.
Keywords: Cadmium, Bee venom, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis
... 
Hina Jabeen*, Usman Irshad, Kainat Azhar, Alisha Fatima, Asma Zaheer Abbasi, Tayyaba Sadia and Jaweria Aqeel
...umulate in humans’ brain, liver, kidney, lungs, and muscles after consumption, posing a significant health risk. The fish meat quality is the biggest concern in the food chain of the present time. Both water and fish species are contaminated with heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities i.e., domestic, sewage, industrial and agricultural runoff. Heavy metals concentration in the seven fish species was analyzed from different riverine and marine sites...
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Seasonal Prevalence and Impact of Environmental Variables in Emergence of Aedes Mosquito in Multan, Pakistan
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