Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2
...ght and grain yield. Non-additive gene action was evident for shelling percentage, kernels per row and 100-grain weight and grain yield for which both heterosis and inbreeding depression were expressed by crosses like NCMLQ2 x NCMLD2 and NCMLQ2 x NCMLD4. The parental lines used in above F1 hybrids could prove useful in exploitation of heterosis and development of hybrids....
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2
...ative values, suggesting additive as well as non-additive gene actions in the expression of traits. Performance of hybrids was environment-specific. However, heterobeltiosis estimates ranged between -7.9 and 25.90 for leaf area, -6.76 and 130.8 for number of cured leaves kg-1, -10.8 and 17.1 for yield, -16.0 and 9.94 for grade index, -10.4 and 68.66 for nicotine and -26.89 and 31.25 for reducing sugar, respectivel...
Muhammad Jurial Baloch1*, Ghulam Murtaza Channa2, Wajid Ali Jatoi2, Abdul Wahid Baloch1, Imdad Hussain Rind1, Muhammad Ahmed Arain1 and Ayaz Ali Keerio1
...nces suggested that both additive and non-additive genes were controlling these characters. The magnitude of SCA variances were higher than GCA indicating pre-dominance of non-additive gene effects for spike length, spike density, seeds spike-1, grain yield plant- and harvest index, while GCA variances were greater for days to 75% maturity, tillers per plant. Parental...
Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin
...action was predominantly additive for days to flowering while, for the rest of the traits non additive gene action was responsible as the predictability ratio was less than unity which was further confirmed by higher values of variances of SCA than GCA. In present study for all the traits except days to flowering, non-additive gene action was prominent therefore selection should be delayed...
Yingbin Wang*, Ting Ye, Xiaogang Wang and Congyu Zhou
...n: justify;">Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to analyze the relationships between the catch of Portunus trituberculatus in the northern East China Sea, and 6 main impact factors, which include the number of main catch vessel (NMV), power of main catch vessel (PMV), number of trawl vessel (NTV), power of trawl vessel (PTV), release number of larval crab (RELE), and sea surface temperature (SST). The results showed that the interpretation ratio (IR) ...
Sungil Kim1, Muhammad Riaz2, Amjad Farooq3 and Sungkwon Park4*
...an be utilized as a feed additive and has beneficial effects on unsaturated fatty acid formation in pork without deleterious effect on growth performance....
Muhammad Saeed* and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil
...2sca) indicated that non-additive genetic expression were pre-dominant for most of traits studied. Line BRF3 and testers ZM04 were good general combiners for most of traits under consideration, while F1 hybrids B4N11 × PS08, B4N11 × JZ, BRF1 × ZM04, BRF1 × KT10 were best specific combiners observed for several important traits including grain yield plant-1 which can be subsequently utilized in future wheat breeding to develop high yield...
Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin
...it (seed yield plant-1), additive as well as non-additive genetic mechanisms were found important due to significant effects for both components i.e. General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects. Maximum GCA was shown by L-7 and T-1; whereas high SCA was noted for L-6 and L-7 with good ability to combine with T-3 and T-1 respectively, and could be utilized as genetic material in future breedin...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...l ponds remained without additives. During the whole study period, water quality parameters of the experimental ponds remained as salinity (15‰ -20‰), dissolved oxygen (5.6 to 7.5ml/l), temperature (25°C to 28°C). pH (7.6-7.8), ammonia (NH4-N) and `nitrites (NO2-N) less than (0.001mg/l), Secchi’s disc visibility (8 cm to 46 cm). Higher percent weight gain (2665 g), specific growth rate (2.76±0...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
... effect of herbs as feed additive on performance of broiler alternative to antibiotics. One-day-old (N=320) broiler chicks were divided into eight treatment groups with four replicates of ten chicks. Six treatments were three herbs i.e. Allium sativum, Cassia angustifolia and Artemisia scoparia @ 0.5 and 1.0% respectively, control (basal diet), and a positive control (Oxyfeed® @ 2g/kg). In the study, the treatment gro...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
...f the combination showed additive effect (CTF≤20). Integration of NPV and flubendiamide proved more fatal at higher concentrations than the individual application at lower concentration for pupation and adult emergence of S. litura. Apart from untreated larvae (control) maximum pupation (66.01±1.32 and 73.95±1.28 %) and adult emergence (61.87±1.71 and 67.77±1.11 %) was observed when larvae were treated with NPV (1x107...
Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan
...ies discovered that both additive and dominance type of inheritance mechanism was involved in the expression for maturity trait, plant stature, spike length, spikelet spike-1 and grains spike-1. Negative intercept of regression line indicated the major role of over-dominance in the inheritance of plant height, spikelets spike-1while for grains spike-1 the positive intercept of regression line indicated predominance of partial dominance in inheritance.F1 cross ...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1
...t of fenugreek as a feed additive on the survival, growth and body composition of striped catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. The experiment was conducted in fiberglass tank having capacity of 18 L water with a stocking density of 25 fish fry per aquaria. There were two treatment groups; T1, T2 and a control (T0) each was replicated twice. Fenugreek as an additive was added in experimenta...
Zahid Mehmood*, Alam Zeb and Muhammad Ayub
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
...ctic acid bacteria (LAB) additives. The groups were as follow: silage without additive as a control (c); glucose 1% fresh matter basis (G1); glucose 2% (G2); glucose 3% (G3); Lactobacillus Plantarum (LAB1); Pediococuss acidilactici (LAB2); Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LAB3). All the silos were incubated at 25°C. Then, 90 days later, the fermentation quality of tested silages was analyzed. No significant ...
Bacillus subtilis BML5 Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Poultry Waste has Keratinolytic Activity
Aqsa Imtiaz and Abdul Rehman*
...ity in animal feed as an additive.
...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4
...mic losses by exercising additive or synergistic pathogenic effect in the reproduction of respiratory disease if given simultaneously or three days apart.
...
Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal2
...ributes were governed by additive genes and early phenotypic selection for their improvement might be effective. Five principle components (PCs) were depicted having Eigen value >1 and cumulative variability of 78.66%; PC1 (37.19%), PC2 (12.94%), PC3 (11.62%), PC4 (9.60%) and PC5 (7.32%) of variability. The attributes of significance depicted in PC1 were seed cotton yield, seed index, lint index, sympodia plant-1 and bolls plant-1divulged great contribution...
Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema
INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...irmed the suitability of additive-dominance model to account for the data analysis. The estimates of genetic component of variation in all the traits exhibited the preponderance of
over dominance gene action. The estimates of average degree of dominance for spike length (1.139), 1000 grain weight (1.421), number of spikelets spike-1 (2.293), number of grains spike-1 (1.631) and grain yield plant-1 (1.111) evidenced the prevalence of non
Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***
...redominantly governed by additive gene effects and direct selection may be effective. Boll weight and seed index exhibited low genetic advances irrespective to their high heritability estimates, probably due to non-additive gene effects, developing transgressive segregants through hybridization is suggested. However, hybridization system, which exploits both fixable and non-fixable components, simultaneously, could be useful...
M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*
...ated the predominance of additive gene effects. Mass selection based on these additively controlled traits is suggested for improvement of yield. Plant height, number of bolls plant-1 and 1000-seed weight showed genetic advance of 7.96, 8.85 and 17.23 % respectively with the prospects of improving seed yield up to the level of 18.33 %....
Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
... pre-dominant role of nonadditive type of gene action while for number of seeds per siliqua and seed weight, selection in early generations would be suitable due to prominance of additive gene action....
Syeda Nasreen*, Mehwish Ishaque**, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Saleem-ud-din* and Syeda Musarrat Gilani*
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SEED PROTEINS, OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
...A variances, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the characters. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. The lines x testers were the major contributors in inheritance of all characters studied....
Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*
COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...g the involvement of non-additive type of gene action controlling the characters. Estimates of proportional contribution of inbred lines, testers and their inter- action to total variances for seed yield and related traits indicated the highest contribution of lines x testers in inheritance of all characters except harvest index where the contribution of lines was higher than testers and line x testers. Nonadditive type of g...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
... the predominance of non-additive types of gene action for plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, numbers of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fiber length and fiber strength. The parents VH-259, CRS-456 and AA-703 among lines and PB-39 among testers displayed significant GCA effects for most of the traits. VH-259 × PB-39, CRS-456 × CIM-608 and AA-703 × PB-900 registered significant SC...
Azhar Mehmood1,2,*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem2, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Tasawer Abbas4, Ali Zohaib2, Hafiz Tassawar Abbas5
...trogen synergetic effect additively increased yield and yield components in sunflower plant. The oil and protein contents of sunflower were significantly affected by varying levels of both nitrogen and boron and maximum oil contents were observed when boron was applied @ 2 kg ha-1 with 0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen whereas maximum protein contents were recorded when 2 kg ha-1 boron was applied in combination with 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen of both hybrids (H1=Hysun-33 an...
Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1*
...ntial oils (EOs) as feed additive for prevention and/or control of Clostridium perfringens (CP) type A induced necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens. The influence of varying concentrations of both EOs was determined in vitro using the agar dilution test. Concentration as low as 0.25% and 0.125% of thyme and clove oils, respectively, were able to completely inhibit the growth of CP. An in vivo study was conducted in commercial broiler chickens, where, 2 ...
Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1
...ating the involvement of additive type of genes,and selection based on these traits may help to improve the germplasm. Seed yield showed positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with clusters per plant (rg = 0.322), pods per plant (rg = 0.276), biological yield (rg = 0.470) and harvest index (rg = 0.264). These traits also showed high positive direct effects on seed yield. Hence,indirect selection for these traits may facilitate for devel...
Rana Zeeshan Habib1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Muhammad Bilal4 and Syed Makhdoom Hussain5
... In conclusion, both the additives (CA and PHY) showed improved digestibility of minerals individually as well as in combination.
...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...+20.0) was determined as additive effects according to their cumulative adjusted mortalities, Me and Chi-square values. The current research on the joint action of ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum with carbendazim offered a promising, safe and effective alternative to fungicides in treatment against S. shiraiana, popcorn disease of mulberry.
...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...e extracts. The level of additive inhibition on S. sclerotiorum using both fungal ethylacetate extracts and difenoconazole was directly related to the concentration of each component used in mixtures. Additive effects were observed in all treatments according to the mycelial growth inhibition, Me and Chi-square values. The use of T. hamatum offers a promising and effective co-formulation product or alternative ...
Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3
...re also significant. Non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of the studied traits. Tester, T-4 was the best general combiner with desirable GCA for kernels ear-1 and grain yield. The testcrosses i.e. (P8 × P10-3) × T4, (P6 × P10-1) × T4, (P8 × P10-1) × T4, (P6 × P9-2) × T4, (P2 × P3-1) × T1, (P1 × P5-2) × T1 and (P4 × P10-3) × T3 were the best performers i...
Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan
...ificant dominant (b) and additive (a) genetic effects were detected for all the parameters except spikelets spike-1. Scaling test for the adequacy of the model was complete to partially adequate for the studied parameters. Similarly, both dominant (H) and additive (D) genetic components were observed significant for the studied characters. Moderate to high broad and narrow sense heritability was recorded for the studied trai...
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
... recognized as
an additive or as a substitute to fossil fuel due to its trivial influence on the
environment. Second generation (2G) or cellulosic bio-ethanol is produced from the
biomass in three main steps that are pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation.
The pre-treatment method involves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i....
an additive or as a substitute to fossil fuel due to its trivial influence on the
environment. Second generation (2G) or cellulosic bio-ethanol is produced from the
biomass in three main steps that are pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation.
The pre-treatment method involves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i....
Muhammad Ilyas*, Sardar Ali Khan, Shahid Iqbal Awan and Shafiq-Ur-Rehman
... and plant height, hence additive gene action was depicted. While, narrow sense heritability and genetic advance was lower for remaining parameters under both the environmental conditions which clearly specified that non-additive gene action was present. Results indicated that the said breeding material might be better suited for heterosis breeding under drought prone semi-arid areas. ...
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
...t for LDL-C. Significant additive effects were detected for all detected serum biochemical indexes except for LDL-C between allele A and G, and significant dominance effects for TP. These findings suggested that ChREBP might be a crucial candidate genes for the selection of duck lipid content.
...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...FA) as a functional feed additive. Four BFA products produced by lactobacillus, bacillus, yeast and fermented BFA from above 3 mixed bacteria were added by a proportion of 1.5% to the conventional feed. Then the Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by normal feed and 4 different BFA feed for 4 weeks. It was observed that the counts of neutrophils, white blood cells, and monocytes was significantly decreased in the lactobacillus BFA group than the control group (P<0...
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Sheraz Ahmed2*, Sultan Akbar Jadoon2, Imtiaz Ali2 and Ajmalud Din2
...iffing analysis revealed additive type of gene action in the expression of all traits across all environments, except nicotine content. Contrarily, Hayman analysis identified both (additive and dominance) type of gene actions for yield and other traits. Similarly, Hayman analysis discriminated gene actions for various traits more specifically across environments. Based on this study, Griffing analysis was revealed to be more...
Abid Ali1*, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Farhatullah1 and Zahir Shah2
... yield and harvest index additive epistasis was involved. Based on the findings from this study, crosses SW-491 × EV-157, EV-157 × SW-491 and EV-157 × EV-120 were recommended for subsequent breeding programs. ...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...the effects of different additives and lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzyme on the in vitro gas production and methane production of some straws. The study involved 8 groups for each forage, 3 different straws (wheat straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw), which comprise of 2 different LiP enzyme treatments (Available –Not Available) and 4 different treatment groups (control, 4% urea, 10% molasses and 14% urea+molasses (4% urea, 10% molasses). Hohenheim g...
Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai2
...ress in sunflower showed additive to partial dominance towards higher pollen viability in the inheritance showing that trait can be improved through selection in segregating generations. In this review, we have mainly considered the effect of abiotic stresses on pollen viability, selection and methods for the improved pollen viability and the management of heat stress. ...
Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...st application while the additive effect was observed only after 1 day post-treatment. Moreover, combined application of PxGV and AZA at sub-lethal doses exhibited increased larval, pupal and adult longevity and decreased larval and adult weight. In conclusion, combination of PxGV and AZA at low dose rate is a viable option to control diamondback moth.
...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
... essentail oil as a milk additive for purposes of reducing weaning age; increasing economic efficiency; promoting calf growth as well as for improving blood parameters and general health status of Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty-eight Holstein Friesian calves were allocated into three groups: (a) Control calves were fed with whole milk (n=10), (b) OreganoLow (n=9), and (c) OreganoHigh (n=9) calves were fed with whole milk, plus 100 and 150 mg/l oregano essent...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...volcanic stuff as a food additive in dairy cows during the precalving, postcalving periods and in the first part of lactation. Experiments were carried out on 90 Holstein–Friesian cows, divided into 3 homogenous groups based on age and number of lactation. In diet of the two experimental groups were added 150 g and 300 g natural zeolite/head/day and we provided 0.28 mg selenium/kg feed dry matter, as opposed to the control group, which received 0.15 mg s...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...stigate the synergistic, additive or antagonistic effect of three sub-lethal dose rates (2 x 103, 4.5 x 103, and 6 x 103 PIB/Larva) of native isolated Nucleopolyhydrovirus (NPV) from Spodoptera litura and Spinosad (0.01 ppm) against 3rd and 4th instar larvae collected from three different geographical areas of Punjab (Pakistan). A difference in larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence and egg ecl...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal1
Muhammad Ilyas1, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Waqar Ahmed1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2, Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz2, Muhammad Mohib Ullah Khan3 and Sumaira Hafeez1*
...the epistatic effects of additive genes under natural conditions. These results favoured that the hybrid breeding is the best option in the given set of inbreds to best exploit their potential. ...
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
...ted as a beneficial feed additive with antioxidant capacity and meat quality-improving effect in broiler diets.
... 
