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Muhangi Denis

...nagement behaviour in managing this disease.

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Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*

...ry, drug delivery, bio-imaging and molecular therapy. In this review we have summarized recent advancements and applications of aptamers in biology.

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Bruce L. Gordon

...With a view toward encouraging a culture of biblical and scientific literacy and overcoming the anti-intellectual legacy of fundamentalism that sustains this particular “scandal of the evangelical mind”, we offer a synoptic critique of young-earth creationism while developing and defending an evangelically acceptable alternative for understanding the relationship between God’s works and God’s words.

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Raja Waqar Ahmed Azad, Tahir Sarwar

...ere selected randomly on aging basis. Watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu were constructed in 2000, 2006-07 and 2011, respectively. Conveyance losses in the selected watercourses were determined by inflow-outflow method, wherein the flow velocity was measured using current meter. The conveyance losses were found 13.2%, 11.8% and 7.8% in watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu, respectively, which resulted in conveyance efficiency of 86.8%, 88.1% and 92.4...

Rick Repetti

...text-align: justify;">Engaging Buddhism is the most impressive, insightful, informative, and accessible book I’ve ever read on Buddhist philosophy, a subject I’ve studied for over 40 years, and in this assessment I include both primary and secondary sources, both Western and Buddhist. It is also one of the best philosophy books I’ve ever read—my few (minor) objections notwithstanding. Eng

Corey McCal

...gn: justify;">In this engaging intellectual history, Dominic Erdozain (Theology, Emory University) seeks to account for European secularization during the modern period. Unlike Hans Blumenberg, and, more recently, Charles Taylor, who tell the story of secularization as a process distinct from religious belief and religious institutions, Erdozain argues that the basis for secularization can be found in the religious ferment of modernity itself, beginning with t...

Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*

...creased the ghost ant foraging activity both on plants and the ground. Ant diversity in fire ant-infested plots was significantly reduced compared with in fire ant-free plots. Compared with in the no-ant plots, the colony growth rate of mealybug significantly increased, and the parasitism of mealybug was obviously decreased, both in fire ant-infested plots and in fire ant-free plots. Colony growth rate of mealybug in fire ant-infested plots was greater than fi...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
...In order to study the foraging activity of honeybees in the field condition, the number of pollen foragers returning to the hive entrance was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activity), 1200-1400 hours (Noon for<...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
... pyralid pest insects damaging different agricultural crops of economic importance.
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Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
...eciesfound engaged in foraging during 20th and 25th day after initiation of blooms on sunflower due to more number of pollen and nectar. Minimum number of honeybees was recorded during initial and very last days of flowering due to less number of plants with blooms and less availability of pollens and nectar on flowers. Maximum seed production as well as oil contents was obtained from sunflower plots kept under natural conditions, where b...
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...es, such as dispersed foraging, collective maintenance and rest. Group size peaked in February (5.07 ± 4.166 individuals) and was smallest (2.91 ± 1.354 individuals) in December with significantly different group sizes in all months (F = 35.351, df = 3, P < 0.01). A total of 57.98% of all groups had a majority of females. A large difference in sex ratios was observed among different months. The actual ratio of [(adult + sub-adult...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Shahid Munir2 and Irfan Ahmed2
...e compound (1080) for managing wild boar populations in diverse environments.
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M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*

M. B. Meah

Biopesticides for crop growth and crop protection
...lar range of action over aging up to 90 days. Both garlic and allamanda tablets displayed similar inhibitory action against damping-off and seedling blight pathogens,Phomopsis vexans and Sclerotium rolfsii. In the field, garlic and allamanda spray reduced leaf blight severity by 84-86% and fruit rot by 91%. Severities of nematode and virus infection were also reduced significantly with allamanda spray. Active compounds in allamanda leaves have been separated a...

K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan

Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...is a polyphagous pest damaging coffee, sweet potato, jute, groundnut, tomato, citrus, cotton, guava etc. causing enormous damage to them. The female lays about 300-400 eggs which hatch in few hours. The life cycle is completed in about 40 days. The small and big black ants tend F. virgata and they keep other insects including hymenopteran parasites away from the mealy bug. The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Mask. (Homoptera: Margarodidae) is a soft-bod...

Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal

Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...arious treatments for managing soil pests of potato (cv. Kufri Bahar) i.e. cutworm and molecricket soil treatment of phorate 10 G @ 15kg ha-1 at planting plus drenching the ridges with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/L of water on appearance of pest (T5) was found most effective in decreasing the incidence of cutworm and molecricket followed by soil treatment at planting with phorate 10 G @15kg ha-1 with addition drenching the ridges with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0....

Goutam Samui and Shantanu Jha

Branch gall of mango (Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer) its bioecology and management
... be most effective in managing the pest. Spraying of thiamethoxam @ 0.008%, imidacloprid @ 0.006% and monocrotophos @ 0.005% gave effective control of the pest.


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Rashid Pervez, Santhosh J. Eapen, S. Devasahayam and M. Dinsha

Characterization of entomopathogenic nematode, Stein-ernema carpocapsae from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizosphere in India
...estigated further for managing insect pests of ginger.

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Goutam Samui and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...t give good result in managing the pest. Hence, application of insecticides had to be synchronized with the emergence of nymphs. To manage the shoot gall psylla, mechanical control (Pruning) and insecticidal control measure were taken up in the district of Murshidabad. In mechanical control, both pruning of 15 cm and 30 cm of affected shoots resulted in the formation of lower number of gall/shoot as compared to control. But pruning at 30c m had been found to b...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...iochemical changes by damaging the liver and kidney tissues with histopathological effect on lymphoid organs of chicken.
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Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed 
...nsecticide sprays for managing aphids to avoid losses to grain yield. During the crop season in year 2015-16, wheat variety (Millat 2011) was sown on three planting dates: mid Nov (crop 1), end Nov (crop 2), and mid Dec (crop 3). Trial was laid out in split plot design having three replications. Planting dates were kept in main plots while, insecticide treatments were kept in sub plots. Incidence of aphid population was found in mid January. Three species of a...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2,*, Tanveer Hussain2, Rashid Saif2, Sadaf Rashid3, Hanan Sarfraz4, Abbas Ali Shah3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...e broken and possibly damaging. These findings suggest that BDNF polymorphism Val66Met has some possible role in OCD development in Punjabi patients.
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Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

...ce 14 percent only by managing efficiency level, without increasing input quantities. Hence, it is possible for rice farmers to increase rice output without increasing the level of inputs by using efficient management practices. 

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Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah

...thods of harvesting, packaging, storage and processing. There are various middlemen (market intermediaries) involved at different stages in the marketing of citrus. This study is an attempt to examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation method. The findings ...

Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2 

Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...cide based modules in managing the attack of sucking pests and pod borer of cowpea. The pesticide based IPM-II module resulted in the highest per cent reduction of pod borer population (91.17%) and the highest pod yield (9.85 t/ha). The IPM and biopesticide based management modules resulted in poor cost-benefit ratio. However, the biopesticides and new ecofriendly molecule flubendiamide were found to have less hazardous effect on the population of natural enem...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...is predicted it to be damaging and disease causing. Screening of case and control group data showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with p-value 0.879 and 0.32, respectively. There was no significant difference in age (p-value 0.081), employment status (p-value 0.34) and matrimonial status (p-value 0.28) but there was a significant difference in their education (p-value 0.0002). The prevalence of C allele was 13....
Nehafta Bibi1, Muhammad Shafiq2, Munawar Saleem Ahmad3 and Haitao Wang1,4,*
... of social context on foraging. In our experiments, a subject (observer) was presented with three novel and familiar food in each of three contexts: asocial, first social context (conspecifics without food) and second social context (conspecifics with food). The results showed that individuals preferred to consume novel food only in social context comparing to asocial. Furthermore, individuals consumed significantly greater amount of familiar food in social co...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...propriate methods for managing and controlling it. A huge fund was given for managing and controlling RPW in several countries. In this study, the potential toxicity of oxamyl to RPW was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of RPW. After exposure to direct spray of oxamyl, adult mortality was 62, 82 and 100% whereas larvae mortality was 72, 7...

Phong Huy Pham*

...-align: justify;">The foraging behavior of Delta esuriens is observed on a female wasp. To paralyze the prey, a total of two stings in its abdomen segments are used by D. esuriens. The first sting aims at the sixth segment and the second at the seventh segment. The total time of catching the prey is about four minutes. A green worm, one of mainly insect pests on sesban, is one of the preferred prey of D. esuriens. 

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Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
... correlation with the foraging activity of A. mellifera on B. napus (r= 0.766; P= 0.0037 **), whereas relative humidity and rainfall had significantly negative correlation (r= -0.759; P= 0.0041 **, r= -0.715; P= 0.0089 **).
...
Katherin Rogers
...n his chapter, “Engaging with Pike: God, Freedom,and Time” (with Patrick Todd and Neal A. Tognazzini – I shall refer to the three as “Fischer”) in Our Fate: Essays on God and Free Will, briefly mentions a solution which is somewhat similar to the one I take to be the most successful way of dealing with the dilemma of human freedom and divine foreknowledge. He presents the solution as Ockhamism plus “eternalism&rd...

Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**

...ns put forward for encouraging cultivation of newly released recommended sugarcane varieties in the area.

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 Muhammad Shahzad*, Akhter Ali**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi**, Naveed Jehan*, Imran Ullah* and Majid Khan*

ASSESSMENT OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF PLUM IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...grading, low-quality packaging materials and poor infrastructure. Total post harvest losses in the marketing channel of the plum were 21.51% of which 5.12% occurred at farm level, 1.44% at wholesale level, 6.31% at retail level, and 8.64% at the consumer level. Harvesting at proper maturity, using experienced labor and storage facility can reduce extent of post harvest losses of plum.

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 Muhammad Shahzad*, Ayesha Tahir**, Naveed Jehan*** and Muhammad Luqman*

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES ON POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF STONE FRUITS IN SWAT PAKISTAN
... Effect of different packaging materials on the texture of fruits also varies for their post-harvest losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wooden and cardboard box technologies on post-harvest losses of plum through its marketing channel. Primary data was collected through pre tested questionnaires by proportionate random sampling procedure. Quantitative losses were estimated through percentage method while partial losses were estim...

 Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*

POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...indh have revealed encouraging results.

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ROLE OF HONEY BEES FORAGING ACTIVITIES IN INCREASED FRUIT SETTING AND PRODUCTION OF APPLES APIS MELLIFERA MALUS DOMESTICA

...fect of honey bee ( ) foraging activities on number of apple fruits per panicle and enhancement of apple weight. Apple Ameri trees were applied with natural pollination (T ) , pollination by honey bees only (T ), natural pollination augmented with honey bees (T ) and no pollination (T ,control). There was a significant increase in the apple fruit setting and weight gain in pollinated plants compared to non-pollinated plants. Maximum number of fruits per panicl...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...y resourceful mean of managing nitrogenous fertilizers and optimizing the nitrogen (N) use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. Result...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Muhammad Arshad Hussain3
...not nematodes. As the damaging effects of Meloidogyne incognita have not been assessed on cucumber, therefore, the present studies report the effects of five initial population densities of M. incognita on growth and yield of cucumber and nematode reproduction. All inoculum densities caused significant reductions in growth and yield of cucumber and were found to be positively correlated with the latter. On the other hand, ages of plants at inocul...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...hirty-five ewe lambs averaging 33.52±0.56 kg body weight (BW) were used. Seven ewe lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 34.93 ± 0.37 kg BW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 ± 0.53 kg BW. The remaining lambs (n = 21) were...

Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan

...op production without damaging soil and water, reducing losses due to leaching of nitrogen and enhancing long lasting incorporation of nutrients by micro-organisms present in the soil. Another major breakthrough of nanotechnology for improvement in agriculture production is the development of insect-resistant varieties by DNA transfer in the plants or nanoparticle-mediated gene. Biofuel production from biomass is estimated to speed up using nanotechnology. Res...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
... of distal radius and engaging the volar fragment aiming the subchondral cortex and were supplemented with short arm cast application in volar flexion. The outcome was evaluated using Pattee and Thompson functional criteria at 6 month. Also the percentage of union and time to union were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of total ten patients was 29.8± 3.20 years (25-35 years). We achieved union in 100% of the patient at mean time of 8....
Xia Lin Zheng1, Zhen Hua Xian1, Zhen De Yang2, Xiu Hao Yang3 and Wen Lu1,*
...ir control.
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 Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2*, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Arshad Ali3, Zafar Iqbal Kahan4, Kafeel Ahmed4

Intra- and inter-specific foraging in three scorpion species
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...ous bats due to their foraging habits and high trophic level. There is a growing interest on the conservation of bats throughout the world as they play an important role in controlling insect population. We measured cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in bat tissues through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Our findings showed that metals were more concentrated in the liver and kidneys, Zn and Pb showed high mean values as compa...
Zhi YiJin1, Shao MingQin1,*, Cui Peng2 and Chen Bin1
...), swimming (21.75%), foraging (20.88%), and maintenance (15.58%), indicating that during the winter, Mandarin Ducks spend most of their time accumulating energy. Mandarin Ducks reduced their energy consumption by increasing time spent on resting behavior. Females spent more time resting than the males, and less time on maintenance and vigilance. No significant difference was found in the allocation of time to different behaviors under different ambient temper...

Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1 

...ulence enhanced upon passaging in chickens causing clinical signs and deaths. In the present study brain samples were collected from twelve pigeon flocks exhibiting signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected samples were positive for NDV and negative for avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon partial F gene sequencing. Part...
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...the bird’s seed foraging and dispersing behavior of local bird species to examine their role in dispersing seeds of Kmeria septentrionalis, an endangered tree species in a karst habitat in southwest China. Twenty-seven bird species were recorded feeding on its seeds, and fourteen bird species were confirmed as seeds dispersers. The chestnut bulbul (Hemixos castanonotus), striated yuhina (Yuhina castaniceps), scarlet minivet (Peric...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...ase the efficiency of foraging. Aphid endoparasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have an ability to locate itshosts by responding to odours from aphid hostplants or by visual searching.The treatments with different combinations of plant extracts and semiochemicals were used for natural enemypreference experiment. The experiment was conducted with seven treatments and five replications at Glass house situated in Pir Mehr Ali ...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...se food resources and foraging behaviors stimulated and restrained the acquisition of supplemental nutrients as a strategy for reproduction. To evaluate their food choices, wireworm were exposed to different types of plants associated with their farmland habitat, as follows: mixed pollen and nectar of flowers (Erigeron annuus, Trifolium repens, Heteropappus hispidus, Potentilla chinensis, Hibiscus trionum), or leave...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...ccidae: Hemiptera), a damaging insect pest of a large number of agricultural and horticultural crops in South East Asia. In spite of extensive applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to evaluate few selected novel chemistry insecticidal formulations against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard t...
Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2 
...tion in Pakistan. The damaging potential of this nematode has not been studied on resistant and susceptible okra cultivars, therefore, in the present study, the effects of six inoculum levels of M. javanica were compared on a highly susceptible cultivar of okra ‘Sharmeeli’ and a moderately resistant one ‘Sanam’. All the inoculum levels of M. javanica resulted in significant reductions in growth variables and increases in n...
Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...>...
Emre Barlas1 and Elif Yamaç2,*
...sturbance and loss of foraging habitats. In this study, cave-dwelling bat species and habitat preferences were investigated in Northwest of Central Anatolia in spring, summer and winter. Investigations were performed in 26 caves hosting (15) and not hosting (11) bats. Temperature, humidity, length of caves, distance to nearest settlement, paved road, water source, agricultural area; height, width and orientation of cave entrance and activity of cave values wer...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...for the assessment of damaging potential of the nematode to citrus, identification of key factors that influence population densities, and to devise effective management strategies. In the present study, seasonal fluctuations in the population densities of T. semipenetrans were studied in two citrus orchards naturally infested with citrus nematode during the year 2014. The effect of soil temperature was also evaluated on the populations of the nematode....

Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2 

...es in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing conditions of Pakistan is very important subject. Use of brackish water increased the salt concentration of soil. Resultantly, the growth of plants and yield becomes at threat. The salt stress is translated into decrease in growth rate and resultantly, biomass production decreases significantly. This reduction is gradual, depending upon increase in salt concentration in the root medium, wh...
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,* 
...ken into account when managing wetland bird populations with the aim of conserving avian biodiversity. 
...
Shou-Hong Zhang1*, Ying Zhang1, Kun-Ming Wen2, Wei Wu3 and Wen-Yan Li3
...n, we investigated the staging of hepatic fibrosis by using Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI). We established a BDL rat model of hepatic fibrosis. HGF carrier was administered through tail-vein injections. The gene therapy efficacy was evaluated in vivo. Before and after treatment the rats were examined with MR-PWI. The perfusion parameters of PWl were compared with the fibrosis stage. The total fibrous tissue in the l...

Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2 

...ati production and encouraging tubewells where ground water table allows sustainable use, should be encouraged to ensure timely water availability. 

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Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan 

...reness program for encouraging farmers to register in FSC. The provision of free public education facility and agricultural extension services over modern agricultural technologies could augment the rate and intensity of adoption by the wheat growers. 

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Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
...ntrol of economically damaging insect pests like leaf worm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius. In this study, two commercial products including Dipel with Bt sub speciess kurstaki and Turex with Bt sub speciess kurstaki and aizawai were tested against three early larval instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions using leaf dip method. Mortality was recorded after three and seven days of exposure. The resu...
Ju Zhang1,2, Dong-Sheng Jia3, Shi-Hao Zhao1,2, Xiao-Liang Xie3, Hong Chen4 and Hai-Feng Li4,*

 

... to investigate the anti-aging effects of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. granules (HGQ) and potential underlying mechanism of actions, Caenorhabditis elegans was exploited as model organisms. The anti-aging capacity of HGQwas determined by lifespan and lipofuscin fluorescence assays in wild-type C. elegans N2. Calorie restriction pathway was detected by pharyngeal pumping rate assay and lifespan examination in<...
Zhi Yi Jin and Shao Ming Qin*
...scape scale, the main foraging habitats of this species include woodlands and farmlands. The largest proportion of woodland in the habitats was 88.70%. Proportion of shoals in foraging habitats at 500-m, 1000-m, 1500-m and 5000-m scales were larger than that in control plots, indicating that the presence of shoals is an important factor determining habitat selection of this bird. At micro-habitat scale, water flow speed (...
Lei Gao1, Gong-xue Jia2, Zheng-yuan Huang1, Ming-xing Yue3, Chao Zhang1, Shi-en Zhu1 and Xiang-wei Fu1,*
...vestigated the effect of aging on meiosis progression, embryo developmental competence and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mouse oocytes and resultant early embryos. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes were first cultured to monitor the progression of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and polar body extrusion (PBE) during in vitro maturation (IVM), then the harvested metaphase II (MII) oocytes were parthenogenetically activated to evaluate pronuclear (PN) ...

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...-friendly approach to managing pests. The present study was conducted at different locations in the Multan District, Punjab Province, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2016-17 to devised four IPM modules (PRMM-1, PRMM-2, PRMM-3, and PRMM-4) for mango to evaluate their impact on insect pests, pesticide residues and yield in mangoes. The modules were based on a combination of different IPM tactics to suppress the pest population with no or minimal use of insect...
Larysa Kladnytska1, Anatoliy Mazurkevych1, Natalia Bezdieniezhnykh2Oleg Melnyc1, Sergiy Velychko3, Mykola Malyuk1, Vasyl Danilov1Yuriy Kharkevych1 and Magdalena Gryzinska4*
...icant effect of cell passaging on the level of expression of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins.
...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir1, Muhammad Faheem2, Asad Rajput1, Junaid Ahmed Soomro1, Saifullah Kunbhar1, Abdul Samad Mirwani1, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1, Ghulam Sarwar Mastoi3 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito

...us pest, particularly damaging to corn. Although native to American continents, it has spread in various African and Asian countries. However, no confirmed report of its presence has been made from Pakistan as it has already been reported from its neighbors India and China. So, this study was conducted in 15 corn growing areas of Sindh, Pakistan to determine the presence and damage status of FAW on fodder and grain corn along with sorghum and millet. The prese...

Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2 

... catastrophic cost of managing the epidemic. However, the diagnosis of HCV infection is faced with several challenges, therefore there is a demand for development of easy to use and inexpensive molecular methods for accurate diagnosis. The sub-Saharan Africa HCV genotypes distribution are diverse, but genotype I is the most common. This review highlights the need for more robust surveillance studies with introduction of opt-in testing at all clinics for better...

Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4 

THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
...esource. While
managing human resources, it is important to provide such facilities to the employees which result in yielding best
employees’ performance. Several organizations, however, struggle to manage performance of their employees. The
key research question which this study set out to answer was to see the effects of tangible and intangible aspects on
employees’ performance. After a detailed review of the literatur...

Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1 

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
...e examination of thermal aging and strain rates
on mechanical properties of Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 (SAC305) LFS alloy. The selected thermal aging temperatures are 60
°C, 100 °C and 140 °C. Strain rates are measured at 10/s, 20/s, 30/s and 40/s. The microstructure examination
before and after thermal aging is carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ...

Muhammad Naeem1*, Sahib Khan2, Nasir Ahmad3

A DISTRIBUTED GENETIC ALGORITM AND A-PRIORI ALGORITHM FOR THE HUB AND FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEMS
...ts have been found encouraging.

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Suhaib*, Shahid Maqsood*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Abdul Shakoor**, Khizar Azam** 

SINGLE FACILITY LOCATION SELECTIONPROBLEM FOR A PAKISTAN BASED ICE CREAM COMPANY: A CASE STUDY
...loped and provides encouraging results. The cost analysis of each potential
location is also presented in this paper. 

...

Tahir Mahmood, Kifayat Ullah, Murad Ullah, Naeem Jan, Irfan Deli, Qaisar Khan 

SOME AGGREGATION OPERATORS FOR BIPOLAR-VALUES HESITANT FUZZY INFORMATION BASED ON EINSTEIN OPERATIONAL LAWS
...zy Einstein weighted averaging (BPVHFEWA) operators and weighted geometric (BPVHFEWG) operators. Similarly, we define ordered weighted averaging operators and hybrid operators i.e. BVHFEOWA operators, BVHFEOWG operators, BVHFEHA operator and BVHFEHG operator. Further, these operators are applied in decision making DM) problems. 

...

 Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*

QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...d networks such as encouraging the use of public transportation services, carpooling/ sharing, subsidized
bus passes. One such measure is Universal bus Pass (UPass) which has been proven to be an effective solution for
transit demand management. While focusing on educational institutes across North America, this research quantitatively
analyzes the effects of UPass on transit ridership for the first time. In general, an incr...

 Tahir Mahmood1, Kifayat Ullah2, Murad Ullah3*, Naeem Jan4, Irfan Deli5, Qaisar Khan6

SOME AGGREGATION OPERATORS FOR BIPOLAR-VALUED HESITANT FUZZY INFORMATION BASED ON EINSTEIN OPERATIONAL LAWS
...zy Einstein weighted averaging (BPVHFEWA)
operators and weighted geometric (BPVHFEWG) operators. Similarly, we define ordered weighted averaging operators
and hybrid operators i.e. BVHFEOWA operators, BVHFEOWG operators, BVHFEHA operator and BVHFEHG
operator. Further, these operators are applied in decision making DM) problems.
...

Tabassum Yasmin*, Muhammad Sadiq*

IMPACT OF LANTHANUM DOPING ON SAC305 LEAD FREE SOLDERS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
...ian: normal;">thermal aging on the growth of the IMCs of SAC305 solder alloy in terms of size and dispersion. It was observed that addition of lanthanum refined the microstructure to a great extent by reducing the IMCs particle size.

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
... as collector gave encouraging results. It was found that talc can be separated as float at pH 6 - 7±0.2 in rougher flotation and 10 - 11±0.2 in cleaning flotation, depressant dosage 0.10kg/ton, and collector dosage of 1.2 kg/ton. Talc concentrate at recovery of about 60 - 70% with a grade of 92.50% from an ore containing about 50 to 70% talc was obtained. The final concentrate was treated with various leaching reagents. Dilute HCl (30%) + stanno...

Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**

USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
...generated every year. Managing, disposing and recycling of these waste has turned out to be a great challenge in recent times. Typically, waste generated from industrial and domestic activities is dumped in open spaces. However dumping of solid waste in open spaces is hazardous to environment; therefore researchers have explored new means to effectively manage such waste. Tyre wastes have no exception; it cannot be readily recycled or reused. They are dumped i...

 Amjad Ali*, Amir Nawaz Khan*, Atta-ur-Rahman*, Muhammad Saeed*

ANALYSIS OF SITE, SITUATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON RESETTLEMENT OF PROPOSED NEW BALAKOT TOWN, PAKISTAN: AN EX POST EVALUATION OF 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
...e situation is not encouraging in the new Balakot town, which creates uncertainty about the future of new Balakot town. This paper attempts to carry out the analysis of site, situation and their impact on resettlement of proposed new Balakot town, Pakistan. The site analysis provides details of vulnerability to hazards, civic utilities and services. The new Balakot is a planned town and have low vulnerability to seismic hazards. The situation an...

Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi

...ger storage periods. The aging led to decline in seedling fresh and dry biomass as well as root and shoot development capacity; while the deleterious effect of higher temperature (45°C) were more pronounced and severely affected the seedling growth and development from start. The information generated on seed behavior under storage conditions in this study; would be helpful to devise better strategy for short- and long-term storage of carrot seeds as well ...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...ap, as their diet and foraging pattern are similar; these two species reduce competition by foraging in different areas. Three small-sized shorebirds are recorded in each water depth category. Both spotted redshank Tringa erythropus and common greenshank Tringa nebularia have high water depth niche breadth (> 0.7), with high tolerance to water level variation; both species segregate spatially to reduce compe...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...habitat selection and foraging behavior of Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) in water systems (Raohe River, Ganjiang River and Xiuhe River) of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China. We recorded 162 individuals and determined 141 by gender: the sex ratio was 1.07. There was no significant male bias (n = 141, p = 0.210). Habitat selection results indicated that Mandarin duck tended to choose habitat with vegetation cover (2.40 ± 0.84) o...
Tong Zhang1,2, Feng Xu1,*, Ming Ma1 and Peng Ding3
...e results showed that foraging was the main behavior of cranes in autumn, accounting for 69.07±1.64% of the diurnal time budget, followed by alert (19.38±0.87%), locomotion (5.97±0.49%), maintenance (2.88±0.60%) and other behavior (2.70±0.44%). In addition, we also compared the behaviors of black-necked cranes in different periods and places. The results indicate that the diurnal time budgets of cranes in autumn in breeding a...

Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*

Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
... of immunology and bio-imaging. This DFA assay is rapid and sensitive, but specificity is influenced by antibody production methods. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe various antibody production methods, which might be used in developing DFA assay to diagnose H9N2 infection in humans or chickens, and we discussed avian influenza H9N2 virus, immunogens, various H9N2 antibody production, and principle of DFA assay.
...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...he electron microscopy imaging revealed that the biogenic Cu nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a diameter of 30-40 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles showed promising antibacterial activity against MDR clinical isolates of bacteria.
...

Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman

Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
...oxic insecticides for managing the insect pests of stored commodities.

...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...nit by the agency, encouraging the involvement of the private sector in the extension service, transferring of research results on best affordable resilience practices to farmers as well as ensuring that government and other agencies are kept abreast with farmer’s feedback on their challenges in building climate change resilience.

...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...t actions. The autumn foraging and day-roosting site selection of the brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire study area. The results showed that foraging habitats were characterized...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
 
..., a complete microwave imaging system is designed and implemented for the reconstruction of breast tumor images. An UWB Vivaldi antenna is used in the bandwidth of 2-6 GHz to detect and localize the small tumors. The prototype hardware setup uses two Vivaldi antennas, one as transmitter and other as receiver for scanning. The distance between phantom and antennas is kept almost 20 cm. The scattered signals from the high contrast objects emulating the tumor cha...
Małgorzata Dzierzęcka1, Sławomir Paśko2, Marcin Komosa3, Karolina Barszcz1, Bartłomiej Jan Bartyzel1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
...n possible using other imaging methods. The angle between the coffin bone parietal surface and the ground was found to be correlated with age, with a 0.27 correlation coefficient at p=0.1, but not with body weight. The correlation coefficient for body weight was -0.08 at p=0.64.
...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
...structive insect pest damaging potato tubers and causes economic loss of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted with an aim to develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia sieversiana, Peganum harmalla and Tagetes minuta were evaluated against white grub under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons during 2018 and 2019. The minimum per cent infestation, nu...
Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar3, Eman R. ElBealy4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen3*
... quercetin in modulating aging-induced testicular damage. Samples from 30-months old rats’ testis were examined before and after 200 mg of quercetin/Kg administration. Before quercetin administration, they showed an increase in the lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine while showed a decrease in the superoxide dismutase activity, testosterone level and sperm count and viability. Seminiferous tubules diameters were 84.3 ± 5.6 &mi...

Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Salim* and Iftikhar Ahmad 

 

...ed in garlic crop for managing this serious pest.
...

Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*

...sive. The degradation by aging bloodstains or UVC exposure, is differently affected the prediction accuracy depending on the informativeness of the SNPs. This study showed that the prediction of the eye color is highly accurate for the blue and brown eye colored individuals. However, the IrisPlex prediction accuracy could be influenced by the old and degraded samples.
...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...ythm, time budget and foraging pattern of wintering swans are the important presentation of behavioral strategy in response to habitat variations. We studied the behavior of Tundra Swan wintering in the wetland of Huangpi Lake from November 2012 to February 2013. Wintering individuals and water levels were surveyed every day. Instantaneous scan and focal animal sampling was conducted to collect the behavior data. Foraging be...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1

...nt drill were very encouraging as compare to farmer practice (Rabii Drill). Farmers were reluctant to adopt this fertilizer saving drill due to its heavy weight, which make it difficult to operate by commonly available 50-40 hp tractors. Keeping in view all these issues a low-cost version of fertilizer band placement drill was designed and developed with the help of local manufacturer. Over all Weight reduction (from 450 to 390 kg) and changing the drive wheel...

Shapon Kumar Bashak1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Md. Akhtar Hossain1, Usman Atique2,3*, Sonia Iqbal3, Md. Najim Uddin1, Asrafi Mohammad Farhaduzzaman4, Md. Mojibar Rahman5, Md. Shahanul Islam6

...nefit ratio showed encouraging improvements from 0.17 ± 0.14 in T3 to 0.39 ± 0.01 in T1. Overall, lower stocking density yielded the most promising production and economic performance. The outcomes of this study provided valuable insights into the profitable production of eel fish meat. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study highlights that the mud eel can be reared at lower stocking densi...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...ge of total visit for foraging of honeybees was contributed by East Chitwan. The overall productivity of honey in 2019 AD (24.06 kg/hive) was found to be 29% lower than that of 2018 AD. Labour cost and migration cost were underutilized and are required for increment by 3.51% and 71.16% respectively regarding revenue maximization and cost on sugar, drug and comb foundation was over-utilized and needed to be reduced by 30.65%. The efficient use of inputs could m...

Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*

...g postharvest decay. Packaging of products in the fields may reduce the production costs but it heavily increased the postharvest decay. Mechanical damage impact can be identified the post-harvest decay by developing regression models. Additionally, new packaging materials have been introduced to avoid mechanical injuries and decline the chances of contamination, bruises and decays. Postharvest treatments includes biological...

Akram I. Aboelkhair1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahin1 and Hussein A. Hussein2

...sion, formerly after passaging
of samples on MDBK cell line revealed characteristic cytopathic effect of LSDV, as well as tissue
culture suspension were positive using conventional PCR . For antigenic identification SNT were
applied. Sequencing of positive sample reveled identity of LSDV by targeting G-protein coupled
chemokine receptor gene (GPCR) which confirm that there is no genetic changes in LSDV.
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
..., loading capacity and imaging of adjuvant before and after formulation.
Results: Ultrasonication of aluminum hydroxide gel resulted in generation of 120-200 nm gel
structures followed by vaccine formulation showed enhancement of vaccine loading capacity. Animals
vaccinated using the enhanced formula were completely protected against RVF challenge virus and
produced higher RVFV neutralizing antibody titers.
...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2

... best insecticide for managing CLM and ACP population in an integrated approach. 
 
Novelty Statement | The present study will be helpful in the selection of effective insecticide for the management of two major insect pests of citrus orchards. 
...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
... available resources. Foraging of birds in layers with aggressive species feeding first and development of new learning mechanisms pointed to the change in bird behavior at the landfill. This work highlights the need for a new research field ‘Landfill Ecology’ to study the impact of landfill on biota including avian, in a time when biodiversity loss is the hottest global issue.
...
Liping Liu and Pengfei Liu*
...bserved almost always foraging together closely on same substrates in one flock during non-breeding season.

...

Hamza Tariq1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Abdul Rehman1, Abdul Rashid1, Muhammad Ahsan Khan2, Akhtar Hameed1,3 and Warda Modassar Saddique1

...icotianae is the most damaging disease of citrus. In the present study, twelve varieties of citrus were screened against gummosis under natural field conditions under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Among these varieties, Kumquat expressed a highly resistant response with lesion size (0.750 cm), Sweet Lemon exhibited resistant response with (1.616 cm) lesion size, Mangal Singh moderately resistant with rating (3) while two varieties i.e. Malta and Suc...

Muhammad Yaseen*, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Umer Mehmood

Muhammad Javed Iqbal1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Khalid Abbas1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...ps of seventeen fish averaging 6.5±0.6 g (mean±SD) for 10 wk. The chromic oxide in the diets was added as an additional inert marker to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The results from present study were demonstrated that the dietary P/E ratio significantly affects digestibility of protein, lipid and gross energy. In addition, the interactions of protein and energy significantly (p < 0.05) affected the digestibility of crude proteins...
Zheng Yan1,2,*, Shuang Liu2, Ai-Qing Liu2 and Hai-Yan Wang2
...s factor leading to skin aging. The prevention and repair of UV induced skin aging has become a significant research focus over recent years. To investigate the protective effects of the oral administration of elastin peptide on photoaged skin, BALB/C Nude mice were exposed to UVA+UVB for 16 weeks to establish the photoaging model. The concentrations of elastin peptide given to the low, me...

Nazeer Ahmed Lashari1*, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh2, Aijaz Hussain Soomro2 and ShamsuddinTunio3

...tan along with their packaging effects and storage circumstances. Study was carried out at Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam at IFST, Pakistan. White rice was produced by dehulling the paddy through stake Sheller, the samples were dried at 25±2 °C for 24 hours and kept in cotton, gunny & nylon bags and stored for the period of one year at 20 ± 1°C in cold storage room. The current findings indicates that the maximum moisture cont...
Dia Mamadou1,2*, Meissa Beyah1, Sow Amadou Harouna1, Ba Samba Alassane1, Bouzouma Moustapha1, Braham Cheikh Baye1 and Beibou Ely1
...of their sorting and packaging. A total of 31770 individuals were measured and weighed; their level of maturity and moulting state were noted. This deep-sea species, reproduces all year round with a period of intense reproduction between August and December. The size of the smallest mature female mature female encountered during this period of experimentation (February 2015 to June 2018) is 213.5 mm TL. Moulting individuals appear from June onwards. The asympt...

Salma Javed1* and Daniyal Siddiq2

...were investigated for managing the population of Meloidogyne javanica, in tomato. In laboratory conditions second-stage juveniles (J2) mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 or 1%. Maximum mortality was achieved with ethanol extracts followed by aqueous and methanol extracts. In the greenhouse, leaf extracts at 60 days after inoculation produced reduction in root galling, egg masses, and nematode populations i...

Mubeen Zahra1,2, Muhammad Nawaz3, Muhammad Umer Chattha4, Imran Khan4, Muhammad Bilal Chattha5*, Muhammad Ashraf Bhatti6, Abdul Rehman4, Faryal Ahmed4, Faran Muhammad4, Mina Kharal7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan4

... of plant life can be damaging for growth, physiological processes and yield. Thus, present study was executed to determine the impact of drought on growth and yield of different wheat cultivars. The study was comprised of early drought treatment such as I0 (control), I1 (fist irrigation 30 days after sowing), I2 (first irrigation 45 days after sowing) and I3 (first irrigation 60 days after sowing) and wheat cultivars Faisalabad-2008 (standard height and low t...
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
...tween diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) quantification and cerebrospinal fluid τ (Tau) protein expression in leukoaraiosis patients. Inpatients who attended the Department of Neurology of our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected as study subjects, with 58 patients with leukoarais as the experimental group, and 60 patients without leukoarais in the same period as the control group. ELISA was used to detect τ (Tau) protein expression le...
Nabila Rasheed1*, Bushra Waseem1, Kanwal Haneef2, Shumaila Usman3, Madeeha Sadiq1, Tabinda Urooj1, Sarah Tarique2 and Dabeeran Zeha4
...howed that with each passaging stage the viability of GDM cells remained normal whereas Wound healing potential of GDM-WJMSCs was decreased as compared to controls. Moreover, there were few morphological changes observed between the two groups. In conclusion GDM affects wound healing potential of WJMSCs and morphology of the cells to some extent whereas the viability of cells remains unaffected by GDM.
...
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
...dex (GWI) at different staging regions and on breeding areas. Results showed that, at stopovers south of 52°N, eastern tundra bean geese fed mainly on cropland and arrived at stopover sites ahead of 50% GWI. At all subsequent stopover sites in Russia, eastern tundra bean geese fed exclusively on natural forage land, and followed GWI northwards, finally overtaking GWI to arrive at the breeding sites in advance of these dates. These data show that satellite-...
Aiguo Zhou1,2,4, Shaolin Xie1,2, Zhuolin Sun1,2, Yongyong Feng1,2, Shulin Liu1,2, Di Sun1,2, Yanfeng Chen3 and Jixing Zou1,2*

Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil* 

...lity in assessing and managing free roaming dog’s aggressive level.

Keywords | Free roaming dogs, Aggression, SAFER, MATCH-UP-II, Management 

...

Jiao Ma*

...ecular processes and messaging pathways involved in success Cardiac stem cells offer an effective approach to the production and presentation of cardiac lesion therapy using cardiac stem cells.

...

Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1* 

...led during handling, packaging, storage and distribution.

Keywords | Milk powder, Labneh, Cheddar cheese, Microbial examination, Sensory characteristics, E. coli 

...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
 
 
...">Biodegradable food packaging is important to be expanded to reduce the increasing waste in the world. An edible film based on lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L. Burkill) has the potential to be innovated and expanded, which contained starch yield up to 21.4 %. Several starch properties obstruct edible film characteristics. It cannot tolerate acid and high temperature, which produces suspension with inconsistently gel-forming, syneresis probability of ...

Shuangye Wang1,2, Yunlin Zhao1,2, Zhenggang Xu2,3,*, Junzhi Chen3, Guiyan Yang3, Song Wang2 and Kangkang Jiang2

 

...e was included. While managing the two types of land use these should be connected by vegetation and should not be too far apart. In general, the home range distribution and size changed with the changing periods i.e. dry period and wet period. Available space, food resources, and shelter were influenced by water level variation in Dongting Lake, and water level may be the main factor affecting the distribution and home range size of milu population, indirectl...

Hong Yin*, Dan Yang, Ji-Jie Liu, Jing-Wei Ding and Dan-Dan Cui

...emia which is induced by aging. The mechanisms of the regulating effects likely tend to pass through controlling the oxidative stress and balancing the level between FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

...

Asmaa Sh. Fayed1*, Safaa M. Abo El-Soud2 

...y moves toward clean packaging, the replacement of synthetic preservatives with natural food additives has become more widely practiced. It was investigated the effects of the 2% and the 4% gallic acid/ zein wax film as an antioxidant and antimicrobial food packaging material, focusing on the quality, shelf life, and antioxidant properties of veal meat chunks during refrigerated storage. After coating meat samples, we analyz...

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...dant bee species. The foraging behavior in terms of visitation rate proved A. dorsata and Lasioglossum sp. as the most efficient pollinators followed by E. laetus. Open pollination resulted in higher seed weight per umbel (4 times), total seeds per umbel (4 times), umbel diameter (1.5 times) and umbel weight (3 times) than caged (no insect visit) treatment. Conserving these native efficient pollinators by providing floral and nesting resources may enhance carr...

Luan Arthur Queiros Lima, Talita Monielly Alves de Oliveira, Thiara Guimarães Maia, Ayko Shimabukuro, Itainara Taili, Raul dos Santos and Cecilia Calabuig*

...ting-fox was observed foraging during the day, a practice that is unusual and has little documentation about it. This report helps to understand the feeding behavior of the species, being the first to record the predation and activity of the crab-eating-fox over a boa under the daylight.

...
Bambang Yudi Ariadi1*, Rahayu Relawati1, Barbara Szymoniuk2 and Waris Ali Khan3
...cts by improving the packaging of organic vegetables with informative labels to increase consumer trust in organic vegetables.
...

Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5

... major crop losses by damaging plant roots and causing reduced absorption of soil nutrient elements. A two-year survey in 2018 and 2019 was conducted in most citrus growing regions in Kenya to assess the abundance, distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes from different soil rhizosphere. Nematode population in 200cc of soil and 5g of roots were collected for PPNs extraction by using modified Baermann’s technique and identification by morph...
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*
.... In our study, the anti-aging effect of OR on 53-week-old aging mice was investigated. The results showed that OR could significantly shorten the destination quadrant distance and latency in the Morris water maze of aging mice. It obviously decreased the MDA, MAO-B and Lipo level in brain tissue, enhanced the SOD and GSH-Px activity in brain tissue, and increased the IgA, IgG, IL-1 and IL...

Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...tion is important for managing wildlife and their habitats. We examined the effects of slope gradient on small rodent populations and their microhabitat conditions from May to November 2015 in a tree-thinned Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantation in South Korea. Study animals were captured using Sherman live traps. We surveyed slope gradient and microhabitat conditions at multiple trapping points. We focused on two rodent species for statistical analysis,...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

...or rice crop) without damaging the ecosystem’s capacity to provide the services. The marketing channel can be divided into three types are 1) travel-customer, 2) tourist-customer and 3) middlemen from many provinces to buy lots of fish from the wholesale farmer. All of these farming practices are efficient using of natural resources as the local wisdom that shield against inevitable shock in household economy and food security including encourage interac...

Hye-myoung, Jang 1,3, Ju-Hyeun, Kim3, Garam Park1, Yoon Dong Choi4, Sun-Eui Kim1,5, Gwang Joo Jeon1,2* 

...lmost a prime concern in aging era of todays as crucial as cancers. We have studied Agarwood (Aquiralia crassna) extract (AE) and its effects on prevention of dementia related diseases through ICR mice experiment. The mice were fed with 5 mg of AE per day for 16 weeks to see the effect of AE on inhibition of two major biomarkers of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau-protein (τ-protein) formed in the brain tissues. Under the hypothesis of obesity inducing poten...

Marwa Ragab Saeed Abdallah, Hussein Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed Talaat Emara, Mai Atef Mohamed

...er aerobic or vacuum packaging. Pastirma was produced, sliced, and then allocated to four groups; the first group was aerobically packed and used as control, the second group was vacuum packed, while the third and fourth groups were coated with WPI/BW then packed in either polyethylene or vacuum bags. All groups were stored at 5 °C until the signs of unacceptability were noticed. The results showed that WPI/BW coated pastirma stored under vacuum pack

Iftikhar Alam1*, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*

...elicitation technique engaging students of different age categories, both male and female, from a variety of study disciplines at Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan. Data on food and physical activity were collected using a set of food and lifestyle photos, which were intended to describe various situations of on-campus food and active lifestyle environment. Students identified support and barriers for healthy eating. They also identified barriers...

Mahreen Hanif*, Shafqat Saeed, Mudssar Ali, Muqadas Younas, Huda Bilal, Syeda Fatima Bukhari

...f different types of packaging viz., polypropylene (green), polypropylene (white), polyethylene (gauge1), polyethylene (gauge 2), cotton, polymer, and china lamination were investigated in storage bag of chickpea against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) during the controlled condition. Adults of T. castaneum was released on all packaging to evaluate its damage in packaging a...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...nematicides, while encouraging a sustainable and safe environment in tomato cultivation.

...

Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2

...the immunosuppression managing susceptibility of E. coli. This proves CRH as the best poultry bedding material for the rearing of broiler chickens for better production.

...

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...ct pollinators, their foraging behavior in terms of visit duration and visitation rate (number of flowers visited per minute) along with their pollination effectiveness in terms of single visit seed set efficacy were assessed. Pollinator community was composed of seven solitary bees species (Nomia oxybeloides, Amegilla sp., Lasioglossum sp., Megachile sp., Xylocopa sp.), two honeybee species (Apis dorsata, A. florea) and two syrphid fly species (Eristalinus ae...

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...vior is important for managing animals in captivity. This study investigated whether visitors’ number and disturbance affect the grooming frequency and duration of the langurs (Semnopithecus sp.) housed in Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal. Further, it tested if the effects were biased to the age and sex of the animals. Behavioral data were collected through the focal animal sampling method for 101 hours, and human disturbances were categorized into four lev...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

...n field as no termite foraging was recorded inside the bait-treated monitoring stations for about a month post-treatment, while the termites fed on all beads in the control monitoring stations. Overall study findings validate the effectiveness of fipronil and formulated beads for their potential incorporation in the management of subterranean termites in agricultural crops. However, further studies are needed to get more empirical data regarding the formulatio...

Veasna Chem1 †, Hong-Seok Mun1,2 †, Keiven Mark B. Ampode1, Shad Mahfuz1, Il-Byung Chung1, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,3, Chul-Ju Yang1,3,* 

...gital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) technology can easily recognize and detect animals’ temperature changes, which would be useful in farm animal production. This study investigates the possibility of replacing a contact thermometer with a non-contact thermometer and digital infrared thermal imaging camera (DITI) to detect the estrus of gilts. Seven gilts (129.21±2.51kg) were considered for this experiment. Ea...

Hossam Mahrous Ebeid1, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer1*, Amgad Ahmed Abu Elella2, Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab3, Osama Hefny Matloup1, Fatma Ibrahim Hadhoud1  

...ting Damascus goats (averaging 45.4± 0.5 kg, body weight and averaging milk yield 900±65 g/head/day) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments for 6 weeks to study DMSC’s effect on blood metabolites and quality and quantity of the produced milk. Treatment groups were provided either a control diet or control diet with 40 g/head/day (DMSC40) or 80 g/head/day (DMSC80) of DMSC. DMSC was high in prote...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...ces for investment in foraging, movement, and mating, and for the behaviour and habitat use of other species, such as mesopredators. These changes in prey and mesopredator behaviours are likely mediated by the presence of predator cues in the environment. Here, we test how different predator cues (visual and odor) from familiar and novel predators (brown bear and Amur tiger, respectively) influence ungulate, mesopredator, and top predator visitation rates to c...

Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq*, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Usman, Ahmad Nawaz, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Azeem Akram and Hadeed Ahmad

...thracnose is the most ravaging biotic stress to the successful production of mango fruit across the globe. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is an etiological agent of this disease that adversely affects the quality as well as quantity of produce. The occurrence of disease at pre- and postharvest conditions is a common phenomenon which is responsible for potential economic losses. It has been studied that the hot and humid climatic conditions are conducive for th...

Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1

...rface water bodies is damaging the whole ecosystem. The government should monitor the industries’ wastewater disposal according to the nation’s effluent standards, and make wastewater treatment plants for the elimination of hazardous contaminants.

...

Ayma Aftab, Samia Afzal* and Muhammad Idrees

...gn: justify;">Chest CT imaging can be helpful in early diagnosis of COVID-19 instead of relying on real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that can give false negative result. Nasopharyngeal samples from a 22 years old man were detected as negative for COVID-19 for consecutive three RT-PCR tests. Complete blood count (CBC), D-dimer, serum ferritin, eosinophil sedimentation rate (ESR) test, tuberculosis test, real time PCR and high-resolution computed tomo...

Chattida Panprom1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Wannisa Meepoo1, Soontaree Petchdee2* 

...sthetic protocols and managing dogs with moderate to severe valvular degeneration during general soft tissue surgery. Three client-owned dogs with valve degeneration stages C or D who underwent general anesthesia for surgical treatment were included in this study. All dogs in this study were assigned to receive diazepam 0.3 mg/kg body weight, alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg body weight, and a perioperative fluid rate of 5 ml/kg/hr. An appropriate assessment before and du...

Nam Thanh Nguyen1,2,3, Linh Manh Ha4, Anh Thi Nguyen5, Nam Hoang Chu5, Hau Duc Tran5, Hung Phuc Nguyen5 and Thuy Thi Ta6*

...ons for assessing and managing the fish populations is unknown. The present study tested the intersex differences in growth of morphometric characters, sexual and seasonal change in length-weight relationship, and growth conditions for this species based on a year-round (2018‒2019) wild specimen collection in northern Vietnam. Four morphometric characteristics (standard length, pre-dorsal-fin length, body depth, body width) showed higher growth rates in male...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. A. Radwan2†, H. A. Mesbah1, H. S. Ibrahim3 and M. S. Khalil3

...div>
oxamyl for managing the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomatoes based on number of galls per
root system, number of egg-masses, eggs per egg-mass and number of juveniles (J2) in the soil as well as plant
growth characteristics. All nematicidal treatments reduced the incidence of root-knot nematodes when compared
with the untreated check. However, fenamiphos and oxamyl wer...

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

... citric acid (CA) for managing Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato
plants was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that all tested organic acids as well as the
application methods significantly reduced tomato root galls and 2nd stage juvenile numbers in soil compared with
control. Except DNSA and AA, foliar application of tested organic acids was more effective in reducing nematode
gall...

Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S* 

...ysical examination and imaging investigations were performed on the patient which revealed the diagnosis. Results: The patient underwent laparoscopic deroofing procedure and the cyst was sent to pathology and microbiology sections for laboratory diagnosis. Identification of sickle shaped hooklets on wet mount and ZN staining confirmed the diagnosis. The patient received post-operative oral albendazole which he failed to start immediately leading to recurrence ...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...own to participate in foraging. Foraging behaviors in honey bees include seeking for food, recognizing and remembering the location of food sources, transporting and storing food, and interacting with other bees. The foraging activities of honey bee colonies connect them to their surroundings. As a result, several in- and out-of-colony factors impact this behavior. For

Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...the world. It is more damaging in vegetables by causing seedling rots, root rot, pre- and post-emergence damping-off, cottony-leak, cottony blight, and stalk rot diseases. An advantageous combination of various factors makes the control of Pythium aphanidermatum difficult. However, synthetic fungicides provide quick and effective control. Therefore, we checked the sensitivity of different isolates of P. aphanidermatum to 17-old and novel fungicides. Against al...

A.E. Ismail and M. M. Mohamed

...the third category in managing the nematode. All treatments significantly improved infected sugar beet growth including yield and TSS %. There were positive correlations between the evaluated concentrations and the obtained reduction in numbers of the nematode stages and also all plant growth parameters including root weight (yield) and total soluble sugars.

...
Heavy metals (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
 
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
...on, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in thei...

Usama Saleem1, Muhammad Asrar1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Saddam Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Hassan Usman1, Muhammad Imran1, Mubshar Saleem3 and Maryam Hamid1

...Wheat aphid is a crop-damaging bug. It causes significant damage by sucking cell sap, injecting a poison into the plant, eliminating photo-assimilates, and spreading plant-destroying viruses. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of botanical extracts and synthetic insecticides in combating wheat aphids. Data regarding the aphid population was recorded 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after the application of plant extracts and insecticides. Maximum morta...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...her unobserved events ravaging the agri-food system, and causing significant loss of farm output, disruption of food supply chain, as well as loss of returns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio-security threats management practices on arable crop farmers’ food security status in South-West, Nigeria, using cross-sectional research design, with the dataset elicited from 403 farmers drawn through a multi-stag...

Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Mudssar Ali1*, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...llinators, abundance, foraging activity and most importantly pollination efficiency in a single visit in terms of reproductive success parameters (head size, florets per head, seed count/head, seed mass/head and seed mass of 1000 seeds). The pollinator’s community was composed of 06 Hymenoptera, 03 Diptera and 02 Lepidoptera species. It was found that the total abundance of a solitary bee Pesudapis oxybeloides was higher followed by a honey bee, Apis mel...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...rategy was related to engaging on off-farm employment for income generation and reducing hiring of labor for farm activities while financial strategy was related to sale of perennial crops and sale of livestock. The study suggested for sustainable smallholder agricultural development programs along with farmers’ facilitation by giving interest free loan and digitalization to update timely information regarding weather and markets for improving rural live...

Chitra Kumalasari1,2, Lovita Adriani2*, Indrawati Yudha Asmara3, Nazri Nayan4 

...nhancing productivity in aging hens, particularly for individuals engaged in small-scale farming. 

...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2*, Li Bo1, Faiz ur Rehman3, Gul Saba2, Omama Saqib1, Saif Ullah2 and Muhammad Suliman1
... arises due to civets foraging habits, who damages and feed human cultivated fruits, stored wheat grains and attacks on their domestic poultry. The results demonstrated that the ability of civets to change their diet in response to availability of food resources, as it found the consumption of Vitis vinifera in bulk in the month of July and August whereas Diospyros lotus and Diospyros kaki were the most preferred diet in the month of September and October. We ...
Chen Gu1,2, Ze-Dong Xu1, Lin Chen1, Ming-Hui Gu1, Sheng-Mei Yang1, Ai-Qing Wang1, Bao-Fa Yin1* and Wan-Hong Wei1,2,3*
...is study investigated foraging behavior and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses of Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) offspring after their mothers had been repeatedly exposed to predator odors during pregnancy. We exposed pregnant Brandt’s voles to distilled water (DW, the control), rabbit odor (RO, non-predator odor), or cat odor (CO, predator odor) for 18 days (60 min/day). Once the offspring matured into adults, we exposed the...

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

...s (behavioral traits: foraging quantity, number of birds per visit, and foraging duration; morphological traits: weight and body, wing, and tail lengths) to both seed removal patterns and dispersal distances of Cayratia japonica in an urban garden in southwest China. Eleven bird species were recorded feeding on its seeds, and eight bird species were confirmed to be seed dispersers. Oriental turtle-dove (Streptopelia oriental...

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

...nce, as well as their foraging behavior, including the time spent and rate of visits. Additionally, diverse pollination treatments were compared, pitting instances of unguided insect visits against scenarios where insects were excluded. This comparison encompassed both physical attributes (such as fruit dimensions, weight, pulp content, and seed count per fruit) and biochemical parameters (including Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titrable Acidity (TA), pH, and Vi...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed1,3 and Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,4

...decision-making. By leveraging research, promoting evidence-based interventions, and strengthening policy and governance frameworks, Somalia can enhance animal welfare, support sustainable livelihoods, and contribute to overall sustainable development in the country. The integration of animal welfare into Somalia’s sustainable development agenda will not only benefit animal well-being but also foster resilient livestock systems, preserve cultural practic...

Nur-E-Farjana Ilah1, Md. Joynal Abedin2, Esmout Jahan Alice1, Taiba Akter Laboni1, Mst. Shahinur Khatun1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Muhammad Ali Fardoush Siddquy3 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...ould be impactful for managing this fishery in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, along with the surroundings.

...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...xi could be useful in managing S. frugiperda infestations. This study provides essential information regarding the efficacy of commonly used insecticides against S. frugiperda, a highly detrimental agricultural pest with global prevalence. 
 
Novelty Statement | In this study, we present a novel and promising approach to combat the devastating Fall armyworm, a notorious agricultural pest with a wid...

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

... little experience in managing dairy farming goats, leading to suboptimal reproductive performance. 
 
Keywords | Dairy goat, Reproductive management, Breeding practice, Reproductive performance
...

Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy1, Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Ashraf Ali Mehany1, Reda Abdel Samee Ahmed Rezk2, Shereen Kamal Genena1, Mohamed Hamada El-Sawy1 

...cows (Friesian x Baladi) aging 3.5-7 years and having 2-5 parities. Experimental cows were housed in semi-open sheds during spring and summer seasons. Rectal and skin temperatures, respiration (RR) and pulse (PR) rates, concentrations of cortisol and creatinine, and activity of AST and ALT in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05, 0.01 and 0.001), while TSH, T3, T4, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K, ALP activity, and milk yield sig...

Muhammad Salman1*, Naveed Ahmed2, Mir Manzar Ud Din3, Fazli Amin4 and Arsalan Ali5

...d humidity levels and managing the feeding of silkworms ensure the optimal growth and development resulting in healthy and productive silkworms.

...

Wenxiao Jia1*, Yilinuer Yilihamu1, Yunling Wang1, Shuang Ding1, Dilinuerkezi Aihemaiti1, Hanjiaerbieke Kukun1 and Yanhui Ning2

...ion magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) and a histology-based method were used to examine the abdominal aortic lesions. The overall mortality rate of the New Zealand rabbit model of unstable atherosclerotic plaque was 17%. The MRIs indicated that the abdominal aorta in the experimental group was eccentrically thickened, while the vascular wall of the abdominal aorta in the control group exhibited no abnormality. The intima of the abdominal aorta in the experim...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...tor in GDP as well as engaging huge segment of population as agro-based labor force. Farming community in developing countries is striving to improve agriculture productivity for food security. To gain higher farm yields, farmers use different fertilizers and pesticides to protect their crops from diseases and insect pest attacks. In this perspective, current study was designed to explore negative consequences of pesticides applications on human health and env...

Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye  Bello

...yroligneous Liquor in managing root-knot nematodes of Lactuca sativa in greenhouse trials. Bambusa vulgaris biomass was carbonised at 500 oC in a locally fabricated pyrolizer with automatic temperature control to obtain the Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor (BPL). Two weeks old lettuce plants were inoculated with 1,000 juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. BPL was applied at three concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml. Results revealed that nematode infected lettuce...

Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2

...male Phan Rang sheep averaging body weight of 15.4 ± 1.3 (SD) kg/animal were randomly assigned to five groups with different levels of concentrate, including: control (C) (ad libitum access to grass feeding); 0.75% (control plus 0.75% of concentrate); 1.5% (control plus 1.5% of concentrate); 2.25% (control plus 2.25% of concentrate) and 3.0% (control plus 3.0% of concentrate) as a percentage of live weight on dry matter basis. Fifteen lambs (three of ea...
Moustafa A. Zaghloul1*, Mohamed F. Azooz1, Saleh E. Ali1*, Heba M. Soliman1, Maha M. Sayed1, Mohamed H. Kafafy2 and Alaa R. Morsy1
...ious and economically damaging. The goal of this study is to perform sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GPCR, RPO30, P32 and EEV glycoprotein genes of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) recent isolates in Egypt, as well as to use artificial intelligence to predict the immunogenic landscape of circulating lumpy skin disease in the Egyptian cattle dairy sector, which will lead to universal blueprints for multiepitope lumpy skin disease vaccine designs. A total...

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2

... and BUN exhibited no damaging effect on organs. Degenerations were observed in the hepatocytes and epithelia cells in the kidney in some treatments especially in bath treatments. In conclusion, onion bulb showed no toxicity in the blood parameters but dose should be considered to avoid harmful effect on liver and kidneys.

...

Lijiao Wang1, Haibin Chen2*, Hongyan Yu1, Zexian Fu3 and Jianjun Zhao2*

...S-1 and primary tumour staging, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade of clear cell RCC patients were analysed. The classification using ISUP was significantly correlated with the expression of EPAS-1 (P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the high expression of EPAS-1 has a certain diagnostic value for lymph node metastasis in RCC (P < 0.01). To conclude The high expression of EPAS-1 ...

Abroo Fatima Qazi* and Din Muhammad Shaikh

...erapeutic strategy in managing T2DM in future.

...

Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1

...ness of castor oil in managing seed-borne diseases caused by these fungi. This is a promising direction for future research and application in agricultural practices to ensure the seed safety.

...

Sahar A. Youssef I and A. A. Shalaby 

...the most economically damaging viruses of stone fruit trees in Egypt and worldwide. Five compatible primer sets for one•step RT-PCR amplification  used in a single closed tube to detect the presence of virus infection. Five fragments with different sizes corresponding to the different viral targets were amplified from infected samples, .i.e., 677, 172, 300, 270 and bp for ACLSV, PDV, PNRSV, PPV and ToRSV respectively, Results showed that multiplex PC...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

...ificant challenges in managing water resources. Dams play a crucial role in managing the country’s water resources through storing and releasing water during periods of high and low precipitation. Understanding the hydrology characteristics of Iraq dams is essential to sustainable water resource management. In this study, different types of dams have been selected (arch concrete, rock fill, rock with a lot of core and ...

Saddam Hummadi1, Nadia Al-Falahi2* 

...fter debridement and bandaging without any topical application. In SIS hydrogel group (GII), the infected wounds were treated by application of SIS hydrogel after wound management. In SIS hydrogel-AgNPs composite group (GIII), the infected wounds were treated by application of composition of SIS hydrogel and AgNPs after wound management. The wound healing was assessed clinically macroscopically by measurement of wound contraction at days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 1...

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2

...eding guild and their foraging activities at ponds surrounded by wheat and rice crop fields. Three ponds were selected and surveyed during April 2020 to March 2021 in village Mukrabpur, district Rupnagar (pond I), village Gopalpur, district Ludhiana (pond II) and in Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) campus (pond III), district Ludhiana. Out of 67 bird species recorded 44, 47 and 46 were observed at pond I, pond II and pond III respectively. Seventeen specie...
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...chemical molecule for managing these pests. Several novel insecticides were evaluated against Diamon back moth (DBM) and CB during spring season of 2019 and 2020. Efficacy of insecticides was determined by comparing larval densities of each insect species, immature and adult of natural enemies, crop damage ratings and marketable yield in insecticide treated versus untreated control plots. Spinetoram 45 and 60 g a.i. per ha recorded significantly higher larval ...

Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1

...inflammation, postponing aging, and averting certain kinds of carcinomas. There are some phenolic compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, vitamins and lignins derived from plants acts as antioxidants. In this review article, we discussed upon history of use of plants as medicine, role of plants in viral infections, and anti-viral effects of various plants.

...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

...ifers at 12-15 m and averaging 100.09 kg in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial pattern, where factor A represented crude protein, and factor B represented the TDN level of the ration. The treatment combinations were A1B1 (CP 10% and TDN 60%), A1B2 (CP 10% and TDN 65%), A2B1 (CP 12% and TDN 60%), and A2B2 (CP 12% and TDN 65%). The results revealed a significant interaction between factors concerning consumption and nutrient digestibility. Howe...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

...ifers at 12-15 m and averaging 100.09 kg in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial pattern, where factor A represented crude protein, and factor B represented the TDN level of the ration. The treatment combinations were A1B1 (CP 10% and TDN 60%), A1B2 (CP 10% and TDN 65%), A2B1 (CP 12% and TDN 60%), and A2B2 (CP 12% and TDN 65%). The results revealed a significant interaction between factors concerning consumption and nutrient digestibility. Howe...

Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil

...enuated by combining passaging with limiting 10-fold dilutions in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens eggs for 20 passages. The attenuated virus was used to vaccinate 20 SPF chicks and its protective efficacy was checked. Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of the attenuated strain was 0.2, the mean death time (MDT) was 120 hours and infectvity titer was 7 log10 EID50/ml compared to 1.97 ICPI, 36 hours MDT, and 9.5 log10 EID50/ml of the original stra...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

....58, respectively. TEM imaging showed uniformity and ranging in size from 13.1 to 17.6 nm and 15.6 to 19.5 nm for CS-NPs and CS-LZ-NPs, respectively. In the SRB (sulforhodamine B) assay, CS-NPs, and CS-LZ-NPs showed no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 50 to 450 µg/mL for both nanoparticles. The MIC of CS-NPS and CS-LZ-NPS were 2.5 mg/mL and 0.312 mg/mL, respectively. As well, the number of viable E. coli O157 in fillets with CS-NPs and CS- LZ-NPs ...

MUBEEN RIAZ1, KIRAN ZAHID1, SUMAIRA ASLAM CHOHAN1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*2, MUHAMMAD ALI2, RIFFAT SIDDIQUE1, NUDRAT ANEES1 & FARAH KHAN1

...t concentration had a damaging effect on genetic stability of O. tenuiflorum L., which in turn affected the morphology and physiology of plant. The present piece of work also highlights the importance of salt stress as biomarker.

...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...d highly efficient in managing collar rot disease. However, combined effect of T. harzianum or T. viride + leaves biomass of R. sativus found more promising in managing disease through significantly improving growth attributes and activities of antioxidant enzymes. It was concluded that disease suppression is directly linked with increase in activities of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and pheny...
Aliya Irshad Sani1, Shumaila Usman2*, Zile Rubab1, Sufyan Ahmed3, Sana Iqbal3 and Zehra Ahmed4
... gradings and clinical staging. Based on our observations we suggest these particular markers can be evaluated in blood and saliva less invasively compared to tumor biopsies.

...

Xin Niu1, Xuelan Fang2, Sang Ba3, Yihao Fang1,4, Davide Fornacca1,7, Kun Tan1,4, Yanpeng Li1,4,5*, Zhipang Huang1,4,5* and Wen Xiao1,4,5,6,7

...eover, differences in foraging strategy and dietary selection contributed to the coexistence of the two primate species in mountain habitats. Our findings suggest that, to support the coexistence and survival of these two primate species living in high altitude montane regions, the habitats along the overall elevational gradients should be included in wildlife conservation policies.

...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...to control the insect damaging food and cash crops as well as the fruit plants. However, terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity is directly affected by overuse of insecticides. Present study was conducted to find out the genotoxic effect of insecticides on DNA damage and nuclear anomalies in RBCs of Labeo rohita after exposure to chlorpyrifos+endosulfan (CPF+END) by using Comet and Micronucleus Assay. Twenty fingerlings of L. rohita was kept in LC50 concentratio...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...reness and advocating engaging in initiatives PPR control and prevention.

...

Shazia Shafique1, Sobiya Shafique1 and Sonia Sahar1

...bility to inhibit the damaging properties of pathogens. This fact guides towards biocontrol using such plants against the phytopathogens in a vast range. The study can be extended to isolate and purify the compounds and its production on commercial scale to manage these pathogens in field conditions.

...

Ghalib Nadeem* and Muhammad Irfan Anis 

... dairy industry. By leveraging four distinct ML models—Random Forest, XGBoost, Logistic Regression, and Single Perceptron we meticulously analyze four diverse data-sets to uncover intricate patterns and unveil hidden insights. The efficiency of random sampling in resolving the class imbalance issue is tested along with the validity and adaptability of these models utilizing GridSearchCV optimum parameter modification. The performance evaluation is based ...

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

...lance systems, medical imaging, and satellite imagery, where precise visuals are essential for making important decisions.

...
Ehtisham1, Rizwan ur Rehman1, Raja Wajahat1, Tabarak Ashraf1, Shabir Ahmad Jan1, Arz Muhammad1 and Ahmad Zamir2*
... ecotourism and their damaging effects that has become a reason of concern these days. Present study was designed to assess effect of tourism on the distribution of rhesus monkey in Galiyat region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. To achieve these study goals surveys were conducted in various parts of Galiyat during June to September 2022. Data was collected both for population of monkeys by visual encounter method and interaction with tourists while...
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
...ddress and neutralize damaging effects of climate change. The respondents were of the opinion that government should focus on issues like deforestation (12%), urbanization (11%), overpopulation (18%), followed by others including climate change, desertification, pollution, recycling of wastes, and energy projects. It will help in avoiding hazards of the climate change and will promote sustainable development of the country. 100 percent were not satisfied about...
Madiha Batool, Tariq Khan, Mazhar Iqbal and Anwar Ali
...s of the study are encouraging as the technology adoption has significantly reduced the fuelwood consumption and hence pressure on the forests. Similarly, the technology has contributed significantly in improving the socio-economic condition of the households using this technology.

Key Words: Solar Water Heaters, Forest Conservations, Social and economic impacts, Fuel Wood

...
Tariq Mahmood
...urrent strategies for managing natural resources. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to map out the status of land cover of District Abbottabad using RS and GIS. The total land cover area calculated was about 4, 41,408 acres. Forest (30.12%) was found to be the major land use followed by rangelands (23.80%), shrubs & bushes (22.32%) and agricultural land (19.94%).The change detection result shows that there is a considerable increase in Shrub & Bushe...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...vicultural system for managing the Himalayan moist temperate forests. If properly practiced, single tree selection system can protect the steep slopes from erosion and produce timber and other forest products on sustainable basis. Single tree selection system can be safely applied in the forests where REDD+ projects are implemented as it allows for limited extraction of timber and non-significant reduction in carbon stock in the forests....
Zafar Iqbal
... results are quite encouraging and suggest that Eucalyptus camaldulensis can be raised successfully through coppice. Growth of coppice shoots was about 2-3 times more than the crop of seed origin. Volume production was not affected by the number of shoots retained or removed. However, reduction in number of shoots would be required to obtain bigger sized wood in relatively short rotation....
Zafar Iqbal
...results are quite encouraging and suggest that Eucalyptus camaldulensis can be raised successfully through coppice. Growth of coppice shoots was about 2-3 times faster than that crop of seed origin. Volume production was not affected by the number of shoots retained or removed. Reduction in number of shoots would be, however, required to obtain bigger sized wood in relatively short rotation....
G. A. Bajwa and H. Gul
...ps) has been recorded damaging Cassia fistula severely at Peshawar. A survey was carried out to determine the number of sample per tree for accurate and precise damage assessment. A maximum of 39.06 ± 6.10 and minimum of 25.88 ± 2.58 percent damage was recorded at 2-3.5 and 4-5 meters tree height, respectively. On western, eastern, and northern side of crown, difference in damage at the two tree heights was significant (P< 0.05), while it was insi...
Ghulam Akbar, Shahid Rafique and Muhammad Asghar
...rye also exhibited encouraging results. Mixture of Cool-season and warm-season grasses proved highly successful and showed promise to extend forage availability year round in upland Balochistan where winter forage deficit is a serious problem for livestock....
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...e effects of accelerated aging on seeds of Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) three seeds lots from different localities were subjected to AA at 41°C for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96,and 120 hours. The AA time affected the three seed germination and PV significantly and all the three seed lots were found significantly different from each other. Moisture content of seeds continuously increased with increasing AA time Lot A had the highest vigor follo...
Sardar Muhammad Sarwar Khan
... results were very encouraging therefore, the development of this cottage industry was extended to other parts of the territory....
Zakaullah
... was more common and damaging as compared with witche's-broom and aphids attack in Phander areas situated about 200 km north-west of Gilgit at an elevation ranging between 2286 and 2438 m. The important forest trees include willows and poplars. Three species of willows, i.e. Salix purpurea, S. seriocarpa, S. tetrasperma and a single species of poplar, Populus nigra (Lombardy poplar) were found commonly grown in the area. Nevertheless, a...
Bashir Mohammad Khan and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...on of normal routine foraging than in the control where the colony population quickly dwindled resulting in complete collapse. Folbex strip fumigation proved comparatively economical and more effective. Perizin was better than Frow mixtures....
Bashir Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Ismail Chaudhry and Pervez Khawaja
...mite disease gave encouraging results particularly in the queen-right and dequeened colonies. The queen-right and colonies were recovered sooner than the dequeened colonies. A supplementary fumigation of Folbex strip is helpful. The supply of a booster clean package bees to the queen-right colonies helped in building up the colony strength quickly. ...
M. I. Shiekh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ata collected gave encouraging results indicating positive cost benefit ratio. These studies, conducted by Dr. S. M. Khan and his group....
Aaron S. M. Mgeni
... pulp and paper mill. Managing this forest on a non-declining yield basis is the main objective. Since the forest structure is abnormal, yield regulation is necessary. A Feasibility study was conducted using the area-volume check method which is currently identified as a feasible model. It is suggested that management of this forest on the basis of non-declining yield is possible. Where computing facilities are limited this method of regulating yield m...
G. M. Baloch, M. I. Arif and M. Irshad
...Anthaxia sp.) damaging Ribes sp.; and only one insect (Callosobruchus sp.) destroying seeds of P.tuberosa caused appreciable damage to their host weeds. Investigations in the biology, ecology, and nature of damage of these promising enemies were carried out. ...
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... pasturage....
Adil Al-Kinany
...i> cuttings showed encouraging results in survival percentage with IBA at 400 ppm and pointed to the need for trying higher concentration then this in order to enhance the survival percentage of rooted cutting stiff further. ...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...levations, known as damaging agents to the crop. Besides, 50 to 90% of stored seed rhizomes are destroyed by the destructive pathogens if untreated....
Mohammad Shahid and Abdul Qayyum
...pared. Of the 122 bee-foraging plants, the shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), phulai (Acacia modesta), bhaikar (Adhatoda vasica), apple (Malus sylvestris ), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), clovers (Trifolium spp.),serson (Brassica campestris), maize (Zea mays),dates (Phoenix spp.), citrus fruit (all spp.), ber (Zizphus jujube), guava (Psidium guyava) and shain (Plectranthus rugosus
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ethods of growing and managing these species have been developed over a period of time. Since enough state land is not available to practice poplar cultivation with intensive agriculture, the farming community has been encouraged and persuaded to grow this tree on their land in the form of widely spaced compact blocks or row plantations. The targets which to many looked rather ambitious in the beginning, have fully been achieved through proper planning, execut...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...planting are quite encouraging. ...

Javaria Sherani1*, Tehseen Ali Jilani2, Jalil Ahmad3, Rashid Jawad1, Shabana Nazeer4 and Muhammad Jan5 

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Tariq Javeed1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Irshad1, Muhammad Aslam1, Gul Rehman2 and Shahar Yar Ahsan1

...ious combinations for managing thrips (Megalurothrips distalis). A mungbean genotype, 13TM-04, known for its comparative resistance, was chosen for these trials. The treatments, whether applied alone or in various combinations, showed significant differences in efficacy when compared with each other. A combination of treatments viz., imidacloprid seed treatment+ installation of blue sticky traps and chlorfenapyr 360 SC @ 100ml/acre spray was observed to be the...

Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10

...rocessing food and encouraging private investment in the industry. This article recommends a new marketing chain that combines several alternative methods such as food processing, exporting to other countries, and involvement of GOs-NGOs and research institutes with the overall production system in terms of training, information transformation, and market research. The pandemic disproportionately affected various sectors of the Bangladesh economy. In this dark...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...aAuNPs could be an encouraging alternative approach for the treatment of psoriasis, which can be further explored in future studies. 

...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

...esent study showed encouraging net earnings at all stocking densities. Highest net profit as well as net production achieved at a stocking density of 20,000/acre followed by 15,000 and 10,000/acre stocking density. From this study it can be concluded that African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) can be cultured at elevated stocking densities for gaining maximum production in Pakistan.

...

Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2

...the most abundant and damaging genera of subterranean termites in Pakistan. Many conventional synthetic insecticides are being used to combat termite infestations with often unsatisfactory control results. This study assessed the comparative toxicity of some prevailing synthetic insecticides with different modes of action against subterranean termites Coptotermes heimi Wasmann (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) which was found as a dominant termite species in distric...

Ying Li, Peng Zhan, Qiang Wang and Dongfeng Chen*

...sion. Labor intensity, imaging grade, integrity of lateral meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament, and course of disease may be the risk factors for cartilage wear of lateral compartment in patients with VKO (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the joint fluid of the cartilage wear group were significantly higher than those of the non-wear group (P<0.05). The results showed that the heavy labor intensity, the absence or insufficie...

Toyin B. Ajibade1*, Mukhtar A. Yusuf1, Sijuwade A. Adebayo2, Uswat T. Adeyemi1 and Olubunmi A. Omotesho1

...turers using plastic packaging, job creation in wastes aggregation, and deepening the attractiveness of the upcycling node in the waste value chain were also recommended. Given the potential of climate variables to lower artisanal fish capture, it becomes critical to target efforts at confronting climate change. 

...
Shruti Yadav1,2*, Kamana Singh2, Pratap Adinath Divekar3 and Suhas Gorakh Karkute1,3*
... can also be used for managing the resistance breakdown.

...

Muhammad Sajid1*, Muhammad Hamid2, Usama Ayyub2 and Muhammad Azam2 

...ruments available for managing and diagnosing human CCHFV infections in human.

...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara*, Tina Sri Purwanti, Budi Hartono, Awang Tri Satria, Izdihar Ratnaduhita Hidayat

...erceive eco-friendly packaging as less convenient. Product knowledge positively influences consumer attitudes, indicating that providing detailed product information can improve consumer perception and behavior. Furthermore, positive consumer behavior attitudes significantly impact the likelihood of repurchasing UHT milk products at Prima Freshmart ETC Brawijaya, emphasizing the importance of maintaining favorable consumer perceptions. These findings suggest t...

Abid Jan* and Asad Ullah

...and tau-b=-0.268), encouraging households to perceive their food waste habits through the lens of financial loss (P= 0.000 and tau-b=-0.292), the decision to prepare a single meal with the intention of utilizing leftovers and economizing expenses (P=0.000 and tab-b=-0.222), and planning of monthly food budget based on food preferences and prevailing market prices (P=0.000 and tau-b=-0.320). Furthermore, socioeconomic status explains the association between awa...
Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1,2, Hafizan Juahir1,2*, Azimah Ismail1, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir3,5, Setyo Budi Kurniawan1,4 and Ahmad Jusoh5
 
 
...ns for mitigating the damaging consequences of environmental pesticide pollution.
...

Ana Mehak1, Muhammad Mohsin1* and Muhammad Ahsan Raza2,3

...text-align: justify;">Managing fisheries sustainably in Pakistan depends heavily on monitoring industrial fishery operations as many fisheries stocks have been declared overexploited resulting in decreased economic contribution. This study assesses the fishery stock status of Lutjanus johnii, estimated for the first time in Sindh, Pakistan. In this regard, surplus production models (SPMs), non-equilibrium, analyzed fishery statistics from 2004 to 2017. ASPIC (...

Arshad Iqbal1, Shahid Javed Butt1, Zia Ul Haq2*, Ismara Naseem3, Qaisar Ali Khan4 and Muhammad Sajid1

...ials. The utility of packaging material enhances the shelf-life of fruit, while the selection of packing material depends on its availability, affordability, and performance. To examine the effects of various packing materials on the postharvest life of hydroponically grown tomatoes and to access the best packing materials used to maintain postharvest quality. An experiment was conducted at the Institute of Hydroponic Agriculture, PMAS Arid University Rawalpin...

Ali Meawad Ahmed1, Asmaa I.A. Morsy1, Rehab E.M. Gaafar2, Nada Ibrahim H. Ahmed1

...s a valid support for managing perishable fish commodities and preventing possible consumer risk as well.
 
Keywords: Quality, Eye salinity, Nile tilapia, Refractometer, Sensory, Bacteriological
...

Budi Guntoro1*, Nguyen Hoang Qui1,2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1,2 and Nguyen Van Vui2

... raising awareness, leveraging social influence, and addressing economic factors related to investment costs and benefits.

...

Azza Mohamed Morsi Fahd1*, Al-Sadik K Saleem2, Mohamed Y Ibrahim2, Azhar F. Abdel Fattah2, Gehad R. Donia1

... stressful aspects of managing turkey pullets is the transporting procedure. The effects of transportation stress on animal welfare are well understood, but less is known about how transportation affects the behaviour, performance, and crop-filled test of turkey pullets. Therefore, This study aimed to investigate the effect of transportation on the behaviour and growth performance of Turkey. Turkey pullets were classified into 2 groups according to two types o...

Anisa Aprilia*, Syafrial, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana and Silvana Maulidah 

...entify strategies for managing sustainable agro-food supply chains while mitigating environmental risks. It emphasizes the importance of gathering such information in order to devise approaches that can effectively address the challenges inherent in the agro-food industry. This review also provides a concise overview of intervention strategies to address disruptions in sustainable agro-food supply chains. These strategies include enhancing natural farming tech...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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