Submit or Track your Manuscript LOG-IN

Gregg D. Caruso

Science, Religion and Culture
...ofound interest for philosophers, scientists, theologians, and cultural historians for centuries. In fact, as far back as the ancient Greeks, when Thales of Miletus and other pre-Socratic philosophers began to offer scientific explanations of the natural world, questions about the relationship between science and religion began to emerge. Given that science and religion are two great manifestations of human culture, and that...

Victor J. Stenger

Science, Religion and Culture
...xt-align: justify;">Philosopher Massimo Pigliucci has written an article highly critical of the new atheists and accusing them of scientism. He implies that only professional philosophers like himself are qualified to discuss the subject. However, the books Pigliucci criticizes were not intended to be philosophical treatises. They are popular books addressed to a public that is becoming in...

Keith Ward

 

Science, Religion and Culture
...int of view (‘Philosophy is dead’, he announces on p. 13, even though the whole book is an exercise in scientifically informed philosophy). But there is something very odd about this. Nowhere in the book does he mention consciousness, value, or thought. In fact he finally gives the game away on p. 228 by saying, ‘we human beings ...are ourselves mere collections of fundamental particles’. That is a ph...

John Shook

 

Science, Religion and Culture
...y science joined by philosophical reflection suffices to skeptically analyze the natural theology arguments for supernatural gods, too aloof and abstract for direct confrontation over evidence. Theology’s desperate maneuvers for avoiding science and scientific atheology only delay the inevitable. Partner atheologies wielding logic, ethics, and civics await to help theology extinguish the gods.

 

...

Joseph Andrew Bracken

Metaphysics for a World in Evolution
...eview the classical philosophical understanding of the relation between the One and Many in which the One is conceived as ontologically prior to the Many as their necessary principle of unity and intelligibility. I then propose a new paradigm for the relation between the One and the Many in which the Many by their dynamic interrelation from moment to moment initially co-create and then sustain the One not as a higher-order individual entity but as their conjoi...

Reviewed by John Shook, University at Buffalo, USA; Email: [email protected]

Science, Religion and Culture
...opportunity came to philosopher Gregg D. Ca- ruso, thanks to a publisher whose “5 Questions” series is permitting readers to examine direct answers on all sorts of topics from today’s premier public intellectu- als. Reading the answers about science and religion in this volume is consistently informative and inspi- rational, and frequently revealing in stunning ways. Comparing the answers from the impressive figures in the book takes readers ...

H. Bruce Rinker

...and biodepletion. A philosophia prima is now required to repair and reunite human thought to achieve a consilient valuing as a platform for our survival. One such system of consilient valuing is presently available for our consideration as stewards of the planet: Gaia theory. Under the guidance of such “big picture” thinking, we may be able to unify the sciences, indeed all human belief, into an ecological and cultural equilibrium as encompassed by...

Mark Zelcer

...Matter is a book of philosophy, science, and religion written for a lay audience. Comprised of five loosely connected chapters dealing with a plethora of interesting themes, the book is principally a polemic against inserting metaphysical assumptions into mathematics, science, and religion. The book focuses on the metaphysical worldviews of philosophers, scientists, mathematicians, and religious thinkers. Though for reasons ...

Dana Kay Nelkin

...s--including seeing philosophy as an inclusive conversation, and to testing and revising one’s views in the search for truth.

...

Arshad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Sajid1, Abdur Rab1, Sahib Alam2, Abdul Bari3

Marcus Mann

...Delusion, cognitive philosopher Daniel Dennett came out with Breaking the Spell and journalist and literary critic Christopher Hitchens concluded the movement’s must-read canon with God is Not Great. While these four polemics are indicative of each author’s expertise, they are united in their claim that organized religion is an affront to reason and that we ignore its potential to inspire destruction in this technological age at our peril.

...

Rick Repetti

...sp;read on Buddhist philosophy, a subject I’ve studied for over 40 years, and in this assessment I include both primary and secondary sources, both Western and Buddhist. It is also one of the best philosophy books I’ve ever read—my few (minor) objections notwithstanding. Engaging Buddhism is directed primarily at a Western philosophical reade...

Rick Repetti

...ntemporary analytic philosophy: Peter van Inwagen’s consequence argument, which asserts that if choices are lawfully necessary consequences of prior events, then they are unfree; Derk Pereboom’s two arguments for hard incompatibilism: the manipulation argument, which asserts that manipulated choices are unfree, determinism is functionally equivalent to manipulation, and thus determined choices are unfree; and the randomness argu...

Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2

E-mail | [email protected]

...el of culture-negative nasopharyngeal swabs from dogs with (n=57) or without (n=17) clinical signs of CIRD, three resulted PCR-positive for B. bronchiseptica. Altogether, the novel assay is highly specific and sensitive for detection of B. bronchiseptica in clinical samples.

...

Maurice A. Finocchiaro

...als,” chiefly philosopher Paul Feyerabend and historian John Heilbron. Their approach is distinctive: it views controversial topics involving the relationship between science and religion from a perspective that is secular-minded, but appreciative of religion, and yet conducted in the belief that such topics are too important to leave to religious believers. This approach also characterizes the work of other Berkeley para-clericals, such as Ronald Number...

 Ian von Hegner

... of the gods in the philosophical debate has avoided a similar redefinition in light of democracy, despite the fact, that it involves the same negation of modern fundamental rights. The basic democratic idea posits that all of its members have a full and equal status. If this status is generalized to be universally applicable, then it follows that humankind likewise are not second and first class among hypothetical gods. The existence or nonexistence of the go...

Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4

 

...ed that syrphids and chrysoperla had a significant positive correlation with A. gossypii and T. orichalcea, respectively. Likewise, spiders and lady beetles had significant positive relationship with B. tabaci, N. inconspicuous and Empoasca spp. Furthermore, temperature had a significant positive correlation with B. tabaci, N. inconspicuous and Empoasca spp, suggested increased in temperature also increased their population. In conclusion, B. tabaci, Emp...

G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2

...ncrease in neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil and monocytes throughout the duration of exposure and decrease in the lymphocytes . The results on gill and liver tissues sampled showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.005) in the values of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Similarly, aluminium phosphide...

Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1

... Brachionus leydigi, Chrysophyta and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Cryptophyta and Theopilium, Ascomorpha ovalis, Hexarthra mira were observed during the CCA. These zooplankton species may be used as indicators of relevant variables. Results in this research are very useful in guaranteeing ecological security in Lake Nansihu.

...

Mariano Gastón Asla

...o in literature and philosophy. Epicurus, William of Ockham, Immanuel Kant or Michael Ruse, to name just a few examples, have used this kind of fictions to analyze and defend very different arguments. Currently, this interest has not diminished. On the contrary, it has spread to other disciplines, including the natural sciences. In fact, this interest does not entail just an expansive theoretical movement, but also the development of a practical dimension, i.e...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...trophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) which indicated hemolytic anemia. While, serum biochemistry showed significant elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine which indicate renal and liver damage. Concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P...
Yang Wang1, Zhide Cheng2, Mengjie Tang3, Haixia Zhou1, Xiaolu Yuan4,Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Shuting Mao1 and Jing Wang1,*
... mL of 1 mol/L N-isopropyl oxamate, a specific LDH-C4 inhibitor, in biceps femoris muscle of hind legs, each leg with 500 μL. The pikas of control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Ldh-c in plateau pika skeletal muscles were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The LDH activities, lactate contents and ATP levels in skeletal muscle were compared between the e...

John G. Bruno

...d paves the way for more sophisticated analysis that could lead to improved rickettsial serodiagnostics and aptamer-based vaccines.

...

Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal

Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
... one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling to early fruiting stage. Among the ecofriendly options, alternate use of garlic with spirit performed better than their single repeated use starting from seedling to early fruiting stage at every 15 days interval. 

...
Muzammil Sattar
...the diet of adult Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Results show that proteins play a vital role in the fecundity, fertility and all the biological parameters of F1 for mass rearing. The tested proteins were: Casein, Protein hydrolysate, Torula yeast and Nu lure. Al these proteins were tested in laboratory at four concentrations, i.e., 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg/ml in diet. Significantly higher fecundity 785.12±25.7, fertility 89.23±0...
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
...gare: Piperidine, 3-isopropyl, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,3,3-trimethyl, Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy, Estragole, 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester. Whereas nine different compounds were identified in extracts of O. basilicum. These were: 1-Isopropyl-2, 2-dimethylpropylideneamine, Camphor, Naphthalene, Thymol, 1,5,5- Trimethyl-6-x methylene-cyclohexene, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...b-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticides i.e., bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, triazophos, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and nitrinpyrum, as larvicides against C. pipiens. Highest larval percent mortality (73.3 ± 4.7) was observed after application of Ma-11.1(LC40...
David P. Hunt
...e of interest among philosophers in the ancient problem of theological fatalism: how divine foreknowledge can be compatible with human freedom. No one has contributed more to the contemporary debate over this problem than John Martin Fischer. The volume under discussion collects eleven of Fischer’s previously published essays on the problem—five earlier papers, and six that appeared just within the last eight years. It also opens wit...
Mark Bernstein
.../div>...
Katherin Rogers
... concerned with the philosophical plausibility of the proposed solution.2) I will explain why the Anselmian does not find Pike’s version of the “Basic Argument” for the incompatibilism of divine foreknowledg
...
Bruce R. Reichenbach
... is no less true in philosophy than elsewhere, and certainly no less true in matters dealing with the relationship between God’s foreknowledge and human free actions. In what follows I will argue that the incompatibilist view that Fischer and others stalwartly defend results from the particular starting point they choose, and that if one adopts a different starting point about divine knowledge the logical incompatibility they envision and philo

 Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
...f immature stages of Chrysoperla carnea, feeding on Corcyra cephalonica eggs at three constant temperatures 24 ±1 ºC, 28 ±1 ºC and 32 ±1 °C were studied. The results indicated that incubation period was 4.9±0.08, 3.8±0.08 and 3.0±0.06 days at three temperatures, respectively. Developmental duration of first instar were 3.6±0.07, 3.0±0.11, 2.0±0.06 days, second instar were 3.4±0...

 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...ntenance cost of 100 Chrysoperla carnea adults was Rs. 192.38 per month, which included the labour cost of Rs. 152.38 and diet cost of Rs. 40. Approximately 4000 eggs per month were obtained from the C. carnea adult culture and the cost per egg was Rs. 0.04. This study also revealed that the diet consumption of 100 C. carnea larvae was 3.617g of Sitotroga cerealella eggs and 1.793g of Phenacoccus solenopsis crawlers. Adult emergence rate was significantly high...

 Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...ogical parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) aphid were carried out in Insecatry- Bio control Laboratories, Insect Pest Management Programme, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results indicate that incubation period was 3.8±0.08 days with 87.0% hatchability. The developmental duration of first, second and third instar larvae were 3.2 &p...

 Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*

EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...in herbicide treatments Isoproturon as pre-emergence @ 2 kg -1 ha produced statistically at par grain yield to that of manual weeding -1 followed by Isoproturon after one month of planting @ 2 kg ha . Both the treatments showed 193.9% and 109.2% yield increase, respectively, over -1 the check. It indicates that Isoproturon @ 2 kg ha can be used pre or postemergence in lentil fields to cont...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...orghum halepense and Chrysopogon aucheri with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for proximate parameters (crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), total ash and ether extract (EE)). The results revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM content of low palatable grasses was generally h...
Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,2,, Shan Liang1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado2, Nasir Rajput2, Muhammad Naeem2, Fahmida Parveen2 andYongjie Liu1*
...tics of CIV.
...
Martín Grassi
...ght. I will address philosophy, biology, and theology, by studying Aristotle’s natural philosophy, Thomas Aquinas’ theology, and Maturana and Varela’s biological theory of autopoiesis. Although self-sufficiency is quite revealing of what life is, I will argue that it does notdo justice to the relational essence of life, being my goal to open new perspectives on life by placing the prefix syn- ...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...ummer season. Termites (isopteran) and earthworms were more captured in monoliths. By and large, macroinvertebrate fauna was lower in the soils studied as compared to other tropical and subtropical regions reported elsewhere. Therefore, keeping in view the key role of soil invertebrates in soil sustainability, it is recommended to mitigate the deleterious effects of land-management practices on these important soil biotic components.
...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1,*, Hummaira Iqbal1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Haseena Ghulam Muhammad1 and Muhammad Irfan1
... offered larvae of Drosophila melanogaster in different densities. C. citricola increased prey consumption as the prey density was increased. Insecticide treated C. citricola consumed less prey as compared to control. Effects of chlorpyrifos on the prey consumption of C. citricola were more drastic than bifenthrin. It was also recorded that at low prey density, predation by C. citricola was delayed as compared to higher prey ...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...n-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) to compare microhabitat characteristics of successful and unsuccessful nests in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2014 except for 2008. Forty (62.5%) of the 64 nests that we monitored were successful. Successful nest sites had greater tree cover, increased cover and density of shrubs, and more low-lying shrub cover (1.0 m in height) than unsuccessful nes...
Thomas W. Clark
...neuroscientists and philosophers, doing that job somehow produces the subjective sense of me being me, of you being you. 
...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
... natural enemies (Chrysoperla carnea, ladybird beetles, and predatory bugs) populations in all the treatments. In conclusion, the results revealed the potential of Bt, NPV and flubendiamide for the management of S. litura. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential of these products against S. litura and negative impact on natural enemies under varying climatic conditions, and on different host crops.
...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...ctylus flaviviridis, Ophisops jerdonii, Asymblepharus himalayanus, Eurylepis taeniolatus, Eutropis dissimilis and Varanus bengalensis) and 16 species of snakes (Eryx johnii, Amphiesma stolatum, Boiga trigonata, Lycodon striatus, Oligodon arnensis, Oligodon taeniolatus, Platyceps rhodorachis, Platyceps ventromaculatus, Ptyas mucosus, Spalerosophis atriceps, Xenochrophis piscator, Gloydius himalayanus, Bungarus c...

Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2 

...siana and Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated to manage pulse beetle (PB), Callosobruchus chinensis by using different fungal concentrations of 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 spores/ml in stored chickpea grains. Highest mortality (90%) of PB was observed in 72 hours through application of 1×108spores/ml of M. anisopliae compared to B. bassiana with 60% mortality. On 24 hours of exposure, minimum mortality (4...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...stration of per rectal misoprostol in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 02-09-2014 to 03-03-2015. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal misoprostol were enrolled with 95% confidence interval...

Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan

Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq

... (%), Eosinophils (%), Basophils(%), Monocytes(%), and Lymphocytes(%) values of negative chickens were 9.43±0.49 g/dl,, 25.81±1.34%, 1.84±0.13 x106/µL, 151.7±11.0 fl, 3.85±0.22 pg, 39.34±2.07%, 3.98±0.13 x103/µL, 45.71±1.26%, 2.08±0.29%, 1.54±0.17%, 2.58±0.29% and 48.10±1.36% and for positive chickens were 9.35±0.89 g/dl, 24.63±2.21%, 1.68±0.17 ...

Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1 

...ic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were used as the bio-control agents against this economic pest and proved good alternatives to chemicals. Less number of eggs (2 per grain), more number of holes (8.3 per grain), less number of F1 adults (20.3 per jar) and more number of days (7) to 100% mortality of C. chinensis adults were recorded when chickpea grains were treated with the highest concentration of B. bassiana as compared to that of M. ...

Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1 

...h energy radiations in mesophyll cells under drought stress, mechanism involves the production of ferulic acid through the methylation of caffeic acid catalyzed by O-methyltransferase. It has been concluded that exogenous application of cafeic acid may be a best option to cope with salinity, ion toxicity, drought and heavy metal stress. 

...

 Bushra Siyal1, Sanjota Nirmal Das1, Rafia Rehana Ghazi2, Aly Khan3

Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan
... and broader than long. Esophagus long, intestinal
bifurcation is above the acetabulum. Ventral sucker muscular, rounded, occupy 2nd. quarter of the body. Testes lie in
posterior most region of the hind body, these are Juxta-opposite, rounded in shape. Genital atrium occupies middle of
the body, elongated to rounded in shape, distinctly separated from acetabulum, spines in the crown are 57-60 in
number. Ovary pre-testicular, sub med...
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...ortal hypertension and oesophageal varices. The study was undertaken in rabbits to investigate the effect of propranolol to reduce hepatoxicity of carbamazepine (CBZ). Animals were divided into three groups; control, CBZ administered group (200 mg/Kg for 10 days) and CBZ plus propranolol (30 mg/Kg for 10 days) treated group. Liver function test and histological evaluation by H and E staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried at the end of dosi...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal 

...st Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae), one of the most economic subterranean termite species in Indo-Pak region. Label-recommended dose rates of insecticides were tested against worker termites using modified filter paper disc method according to completely randomized design. All insecticides caused significant mortality of termites as compared to control treatment. Formulations of chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr and pyriproxyfen exhibited maximum te...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
...content (total aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH values on quality during 12 days. The decrease in bacterial growth activity, physicochemical values (TVB-N, TBARS and pH) and prolonged shelf life in a natural preservative dependence were observed in the fillets. Generally all the test parameters, such as microbiological,...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
.../i> (IV= 174.94), Chrysopogon serrulatus (IV=152.96) and Artemisia scoparia (IV= 105.69), Parthenium hysterophorus (IV= 113.82), Saccharum spontaneum (IV= 199.88) Ziziphus mauritiana (IV= 51.35), Lantana indica (IV= 78.39) and Morus alba (IV= 31.38).
...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...ive neurons in the Drosophila melanogaster adult brain, is an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, IRK1. Knocking down the potassium channels specifically on PDF expressing neurons using UAS-GAL4 RNAi system resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lack of the potassium channels also caused a robust increase in sleep and reduction in the fly’s activ...
Owen Flanagan, Mona Letourneau and Wenqing Zhao
...ess and well-being. Philosophers and social scientists are attempting to provide precise definitions of ‘happiness’ and ‘well-being’, distinguish between happiness and well-being, taxonomize the varieties of each, and develop useful metrics for measuring happiness and well-being. The 2018 World Happiness Report (http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/), like its predecessors since 2012, ranks countries – now 156 – in terms of ...
James Maffie
...r to despair, Aztec philosophers (tlamatinimeh) responded with what they called toltecayotl or “the art of living wisely and well.” Toltecayotl enjoined humans to pursue balance in all matters, ranging from how they treated themselves and other humans to how they treated the countless other-than-human agents populating their living world. Humans attained balance in two principal ways, both of which Aztec philo...
Jesse Butler
...e that contemporary philosophers Viola Cordova and Tu Weiming exhibit ecological self-understanding as an epistemic virtue in their conceptions of human existence. Ecological self-understanding (ESU) is veridical acknowledgement of human beings as embodied agents in the world, fundamentally situated within interdependent relations between self and environment. As contemporary exemplars of Native American and Confucian philosop
Kathryn Phillips and Katherine L. Schaefer
...ome popular Western philosophical views attempt to do so by focusing on the subjective phenomena of desires and preferences, thereby ostensibly avoiding complicated questions about metaphysical commitments; similarly, clinical conceptions aim to be metaphysically neutral. We test these notions of well-being by investigating Jainism and its commitment to a metaphysics of reincarnation and the existence of souls. Assuming that well-being is a broad prudential va...

 Ellen Y. Zhang

... expressions in his philosophy. Zhuangzi’s claim that “The perfect happiness is derived from the absence of happiness” designates two key arguments: (1) Happiness cannot be designed and measured, and (2) There is no single fixed notion of happiness and meaning-making. In conclusion, I attempt to show that flow experiences, in the context of Zhuangzi’s Daoism, point to a fluid and creative mind that transcends the rigidity of conventiona...

 Sasha S. Euler

... by the Hellenistic philosopherEpicurus provides broader, more inclusive categories and concepts which can be used to explain and possibly harmonize assumptions from particular traditions.

...

Shafique Ahmed Memon1,6, Arif Ali1*, Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Imran Ali Rajput4, Muhammad Adeel1, Khalil Ahmed Memon5, Dzolkhifli Omar6, Muhammad Rashid7 and Abdul Rasool

... of green lacewings, Chrysoperla nipponensis, Plesiochrysa ramburi and Apertochrysa sp. were provided with three different prey species, Aphis craccivora, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Corcyra cephalonica under the laboratory conditions (25±2 °C). The results indicated that a significantly increased pre-imaginal (19.93±0.24) and mean average days (70.33±0.55) of C. nipponensis on R. Maidis and also a significantly increased pre-imaginal (20...

 Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq

...asons. Predators (Chrysoperla, Geocoris and Argiope) population was also observed. Percentage of host plant susceptibility index (HPSI) for each cotton variety was also calculated. One way ANOVA was used to analyzed the data statistically. Variety and year had significant (P<0.05) effect on pest populations, eggs count and predator’s populations. It was found that Bt cotton was more resistant to pest attacks than non-Bt. Therefore...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...arious concentration of Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), post induction time, effect of temperature and pH were examined for the maximal production of recombinant cellulase. The effect of supplementation of LB medium with additional carbon and nitrogen sources was also analyzed for maximal production of recombinant protein. Higher level enzyme activity was recorded at 25°C, pH 7.0 when the cells were induced with 0.5 mM IPTG with 2...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...r cells like pancreas, oesophagus and lungs. This study aims to determine the role of TA in cell viability and apoptosis in glioma cells (T-98G) and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). In our study, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM doses of TA were applied to T-98G and LNCaP cell lines for periods of 24 and 48 h. Subsequent cell vitality was tested with MTT Atest. The effective doses were analysed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR tech...
Senol Celik
...ant statistical tools in sophistically describing the studied breed standards for breeding purposes.

 

...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...a: Braconidae) and Hyssopus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were 40.11 and 30.09%, respectively, in the said cropping system. Likewise, highest yield (kg/ plant) were produced by the plots having Apple + Trifolium intercrops (76.62±1.11), whilst minimum yield were attributed to Apple + Wheat (61.47±1.11) followed by sole (52.75±1.23). The results further confirmed that maximum yield losses (31.51%) were avoided by the intercrop A...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
...i> and Metarhizium anisopliae and entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), Photorhabdus temperata and Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent conidial germination and % mortality of C. chinensis were also evaluated when B. bassiana was used with DEBBM. The minimum number of eggs (0.66 grain-1), number of holes (1 grain-1), number of F1 new e...

Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4 

... protein. Further the Prosopis juliflora against Zea mays, in Acacia nilotica versus Alhagi maurorum, in Tamarix orientalis versus Trifolium alexandrinum, Tamarix gallica versus Cordia sinensis (Linn.) crude protein content existed statistically non-significant, but each of above set varied significantly to one another. Trifolium alexandrinum and Zea mays though had statistically similar concentration of ether extract were found prominently higher compared to ...
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
..., green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) has a key role in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for many crop pests. The influence of different prey types has been studied to strengthen the C. carnea. Current in-vitro study was made to figure out the effects of different prey on mortality and certain biological characteristics of C. carnea. The highest mortali...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...te Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae). Bioassays were conducted using filter paper disc method according to completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. Termite mortality data was recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-treatment. Median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) values were calculated for each treatment using log-dose probit analysis. Results revealed a mortality response of termites directly prop...

Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan 

... epidermis followed by mesophyll region with vascular bundle and the lower epidermis. The leaf features showed that palisade ratio was (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal index were (42.72). Transverse section of the root showed outer epidermal cells, cortex and pericycle, xylem and phloem cells. Powder drug microscopy, ash analysis, extractive values and fluorescence analysis were also studied. P...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...a, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea and six synthetic insecticides i.e., triazophos, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, nitenpyram, pyreproxifin and lambda cyhalothrin against O. hyalinipennis. The efficacy of these microbial agents could be enhanced by applying in combination with insecticides. Five concentrations i.e., 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, 2×108 and...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...igestion (Co-AD) under mesophilic (35 ± 2 ﹎) settings at substrate to microorganism (S / M) ratio of 1.0 based on volatile solids (VS) for 30 days. Solids [Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), fixed solids (FS) and their ratios as (VS / TS)] determinations were also carried out for process monitoring. The highest cumulative biogas yield of 459.4 mL /g VS was observed in the co-digestion of DM + FW with 58.63 and 41.36 % CH4 and CO2...

Muhammad Farhan1, Ghulam Murtaza1, Muhammad Ramzan2, Muhammad Waqar Sabir3, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique2, Saif Ullah

...ext-align: justify;">Chrysoperla carnea is a major predator of soft bodies insects like aphid, white fly and thrips. The feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea larvae on different nymphal instars of Myzus persicae was investigated in ambient laboratory conditions at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Chrysoperla carnea was found very active and consumed all stages of aphid. The predat...
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...echanical properties of esophageal and intestine tissue strips of Uromastix hardwickii. Tissues were subjected to electrical stimulation in order to observe the graded mechanical response, and the quick isotonic release method was used for the measurement of stiffness in the series elastic component. The higher stiffness in intestinal tissues as compared to esophageal tissue of Uromastix is probably asso...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...mpunctata and Chrysoperla carnea, spray of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5% and spinosad 240 SL (Tracer) were integrated in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved ...

Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan

Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2

...s. Vermicompost contains sophisticated and more soluble major and minor nutrients. The objective of this experiment was the chemical and physical analysis of raw material of goat manure, cow dung, sheep manure and their vermicompost products. The earthworms for vermicomposting, Eisenia fetida (an epigeic species), were used as the test species. The samples were collected from prepared vermicompost and raw material for chemical and physical examination. For the...

I. Erum, K. Nasira, H. Sagir, S. Raza and Firoza, K.

Description of Discolaimus miniodontii n.sp. and Laevides hunderansis n. sp. with notes on Discolaimoides spatilabium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
... 50-55% of its length; oesophagus with conspicuous muscular sheath in the expended part of oesophagus; basal part of oesophagus expended gradually 51-54% of the total neck length. Laevides hunderansis n. sp., collected from district Ghizer village, Hunder of Gilgit-Baltistan is characterized by the smallest body (0.7-0.8mm), small moral tooth (7-8 µm), short spicule, gubernaculum and...

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4

Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits

 Arshad Ali1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2

TREATMENT FEASIBILITY OF THE BLEACHING EFFLUENT OBTAINED FROM NSSC PULP AND PAPER MILL IN A UASB REACTOR
...pulp and paper mill at mesophilic temperature and neutral pH. Methanol as a source of an easily biodegradable substance along with an activated carbon of effective size 1.5-2.5mm was added to the reactor R-I to evaluate its efficiency. It was observed that corresponding to an OLR of 2.14kg-COD/m3-day the overall COD removal efficiency of the reactors R-I and R-II was 83% and 64%, respectively. And the AOX removal efficiency was noticed as 7...
Fang Liu*
... attracts magnocelluar vasopressin+ axons in the hypothalamus.
...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
...nging to 2 suborders, Anisoptera and Zygoptera, were identified. Libellulidae was the family with the most number of species and individuals being found. Th especies with the highest abundance was Orthetrum pruinosum, followed by Libellago xanthocyana. The highest dragonfly species abundance was found in the plantation land, while the lowest was found in the primary forest or around the waterfall. The highest dragonfly richness index, species div...

Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Yawar Iqbal Erum*, Hussain Sagir, Kazi Nasira and Fayyaz Shahina
Compendium of the Genus Psilenchus de Man, 1921 (Tylenchida: Psilenchidae)
...ape, tail length, DGO, oesophagus, excretory pore, spicules and gubernaculum. The allometric and morphometric characteristics were derived from the original descriptions. An updated list of valid species of Psilenchus de Man, 1921 along with illustrations of the anterior and posterior regions taken either from the original descriptions or subsequent re-descriptions is also incorporated herein. A total of seven species have so far been reported from Pakistan.
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
....1%), geranial (17.6%), isopulegol (10.4%), myrcene (13.0%), cuminaldehyde (9.1%) and 2-pinene (8.5%) as major constituent. Results obtained in this research revealed that essential oil from Eucalyptus (a bio-nematicide) holds promise as an affordable and environmentally-friendly alternative for nematode control and increased crop yield particularly in maize production.

...

Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2

Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
...es Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae) are economically important agricultural and structural pests. A wide range of insecticides with different modes of action are being used against these termite pests including organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids. However, pesticidal control of termites is usually not persistent and long-lasting due to rapid decomposition and loss of insecticidal molecules active against target pests. This study was aim...
Amir Aziz1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Effect of Rice and Wheat Straw and K-Silicate Application on Maize Growth
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...er, oral cavity cancer, esophageal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, blood cancer and brain tumor. In addition to serum zinc level of cancer patients many other parameters were also studied such as, age limit, weight of cancer patients, effect of smoking on cancer patients, effect of radiation on cancer patients, effect of chemicals on cancer patients, infections in cancer patients and physiological changes in some patients. The experimental work had been done i...
Muhammad Saeed Shah1, Fazal Nasir2, Sana Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Tahir Khan2*
...mmune system is a highly sophisticated system of biological structures that defends the human body against harmful antigens. In this paper, the concept of biological immune system, idiotypic network theory and clonal selection theory are applied in multi-robot cooperation. Idiotypic network theory governs the stimulation and suppression of an antibody in response to an antigen. Clonal selection theory represents how immune cells mutate and proliferate into mem...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...n-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire study area. The results showed that foraging habitats were characterized by broadleaved forest, mid and upper slope location, and gully while day-roosting habitats by ridge, upper sl...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
...nce of Metarhizium anisopliae on the eggs and larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, as well as the LC50 on R. sanguineus larvae, were determined and the germination (at 18 and 24 h post-inoculation) and radial growth (after 14 days) of four strains of M. anisopliae. We evaluated the pathogenicity on the eggs and larvae of all tested strains of R. sanguineus at day 3 and 7. The LC
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
...egments, scutellum and mesopleura mostly dark reddish with some darker areas, legs also reddish brown except tarsal segments lighter in colouration. Suspected trophic associations with Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) via Aphis nerii onCalotropis procera (Ait.) Ait and Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) on Lagerstroemia indica have been given. Studies suspected that C. notata parasitizes the immature of Ischi...

Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Salim* and Iftikhar Ahmad 

 

..., green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea @ 3 eggs plant-1,were applied three times. A total of 30 plants in each treatment were selected randomly for the data collection at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days intervals. Peak population of thrips (51.27 plant-1) was noticed during the last week of April. Results regarding different treatments showed that Emamectin was effective exhibiting minimum mean number of T. tabaci (nymphs 1.74 plant...

Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3 

 

Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...aerobic psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria was performed through selective enrichment and culturing of samples to determine the diversity of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (42%), Enterococcus faecium (54%), Salmonella sp. (38%), Bacillus sp. (71%), and Moraxella sp. (63%)were isolated from the samples collected from two different managemental systems. Statistical analysis revealed...

Hajira Nur-ul-Islam1, Ahmed Zia2*, Khurshaid Khan1, Hirad Ali3 and Abdul Aziz3

...1884) is added to the Anisoptera fauna of Pakistan by reporting it from district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Out of 33 sampling sites, specimens of S. hypomelas were found from a single locality of the district. Identification of the specimens was done at National Insect Museum, Islamabad. Detailed description including synonyms, differential characters for the species, previous global records, habitat description, measurements of body parts and ecol...

Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2

...e palisade
mesophyll cells and necrosis in the zone of vascular cells. On the basis of mechanical
transmission, symptoms induced were similar to those caused by AMV. Presence of AMV in
basil plant was further confirmed by the results obtained from the laboratory-based techniques
such as (DAS)-ELISA, and RT-PCR using a pair of primers specific to the AMV-CP gene.
Phylogenetic analysis results indicated...

Bakhtiar Gul*, Saleetha Rabial and Haroon Khan

...compared to bromaxonil, isoproturon and paraquat. Therefore, glyphosate and MCPA proved suitable, economical and less laborious for the management of duckweed for large scale infestation.

...
Madiha Nawaz and Shoaib Freed


...b-08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma-11.1, Ma-2.1) and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) showed percent mortalities of (61.0%, 85.0%), (78.0%, 56.0%) and (52.0%, 54.0%) with LC50 values of (4.25×108, 2.54×108 spores/ml), (3.26×108, 5.08×108 spores/ml) and (6.22×108, 7.20×108 spores/ml) with LT50 (6.43, 4.80),...

Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2

M. Hanafy1, Rehab Elhelw2, Soliman M. Soliman3, Sherif Marouf2* 

...llected as follow; 111 nasopharyngeal swabs, 15 tracheal swabs and 15 lung specimens collected from camels from different governorates (New valley, Giza, Naj Hammadi (Qena governorate), Halaib and Shalateen (Halaib Triangle) were subjected to isolation and identification of Pasteurella species by conventional phenotypic method and genotypically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At the level of biochemical characterization, the incidence of Pasteurella multoc...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
...bsp; phenol 8.38 %, and isopropyl myristate 15.86 %. The inhibition test confirmed that 80 % (P2) purple cleome extract could suppress C. capsici attack up to 16.67 %, significantly higher than chemical fungicide (24.4 %).
...
Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Asif3
...Fabricius, 1781) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) were found to be the bio-control agents of P. simlae.

...

Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*

...%), Ptyas (2.9 %) Spalerosophis (6.3%) and Psammophis. The Viperidae family has been on the second in occurrence with four genera viz., Echis (4.5%), Eristocophis (2.4%), Psudocerastes (2.9%) and Vipera (3.5%). The Typhlopidae (Ramphotyplops 5.8%, Typlops 4.6%) and Elapidae (Bungarus 6.3%, Naja 5.3%) families were represented with two genera each. While Boidae (Eryx 4.48%) and Leptotyphlopidae (Leptotyplos 7.5%) families had only one genus each. The highest di...

Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1* 

...taminated with aerobic mesophilic bacteria observed in milk powder and cheddar cheese with non-significant difference (p=0.408). Aerobic spore formers were recovered from in 50%, 66.67% and 86.67% of the tested samples with a significant difference between the mean count of milk powder and that of labneh and cheddar cheese (P> 0.05). 66.67% of milk powder samples were contaminated with coliforms, followed by cheddar cheese (43.33%) and labneh (23.33%), E. c...

Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1

...text-align: justify;">Chysophyllum albidum ethanol leaf extract was studied to ascertain it potentials on hematological indices and hepatocyte of wistar albino rat. Twenty-five rats that weighed 98-168g were separated into five groups. Phytochemicals were quantified using standard methods. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponnins and terpernoids were detected. The leaf extract had 0.415 % of alkaloids, 0.102 mg/TAEq of tannins, 0.211 mg/QEq of flavonoids and ...
Dyah Roeswitawati1*, Iva Kristova1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Otto Endarto2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Irum Iqrar5,6 and Luqman Ali Shah7
 
...f natural pesticides soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves, papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves, chrysanth(Chrysanthemum morefolium Ramat.) leaves on the persistence of red mites. This research was conducted at the Research Institute for Citrus and Tropical Fruit Plants in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia from July to September 2017. The study was a factorial experiment, the 1st factor is the type of natural pesticides: A1 = sour

Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1 

...siana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and botanical oils have shown potential as synthetic insecticides alternative for house fly control. In the present work, local isolates from both fungi as well as their mixtures with essential oils were evaluated against house fly larvae under laboratory conditions. Batches of house fly larvae (25 individuals per replicate and 4 replicates per dose of fungi) were subjected to five doses from each fungus (101, 103, 105, 107 an...

Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1 

... the Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta divisions, which favour shrimp growth. On the other hand, water quality parameters across studied sites were quite similar, except for temperature and dissolved oxygen. Therefore, the study indicated that the existence of mangrove was supporting to increase the quality of water supply for the cultivation as well as the aquaculture water sewage in terms of phytoplankton bioindicator.

Keywords | Bioindicator; Coastal ecos...

Sheng Dong1*, Ning Li2, Jiawei Zhang2 and Ting Wang2

...e effects of Descurainia sophia (DS) on proliferation, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress of high glucose (HG)-induced mouse podocytes and its regulation of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1. In vitro cultured immortal mouse podocytes were divided into Con group, HG group, HG+DS-L group, HG+DS-M group, HG+DS-H group. si-NC and si-KCNQ1OT1 were transfected respectively into podocytes, followed by 30 mmol/L glucose intervention for 24 h. pcDNA, pcDNA-KCNQ1OT1 were transfe...

Jiang Wu*

...gA, ssel, mgtC, siiE and sopB virulence genes, E. coli isolates’ astA, estlb, pic, escV and aggR virulence genes and L. monocytogenes isolates’ LLO, plcA, plcB, actA and inlA virulence genes (P<0.05). The growth rate of E. coli and Staph. aureus strains decreased at 1/2 MIC. When the chemical constituent concentration in T. officinale increased to MIC, the bacteria growth was completely inhibited. Untreated E. coli and Staph. aureus displayed ty...

M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2

...somus dandricus, Puntius sophore and Channa orientalis was found to be highly abundant. The recorded six orders comprised namely, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, Perciformes, Gobiiformes and Synbranchiformes. The Cypriniformes formed one of the most dominant order as compared to all other orders recorded in the present study comprising of 52 % of the total fish species of the lake. Cyprinidae family was the most dominant comprising of 52 % of the ...

Haroon1, Chen-Xu Ye1, Yu-Xin Li1, Hong-Xin Zhang1, Qing Liu1, Xiao-Hong Su1,2,3 and Lian-Xi Xing1,2,3,*

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem*, Muhammad M. Shaklouf, Ali M. Ali and Mohammed H. Bakr

...ymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils were not affected by treatment. Culbac® significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood concentration of ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglyceride and urea compared with control. While, lymphocyte transformation and phagocytic index were increased by (18 and 23%) and (20 and 62 %), respectively for G2 and G3 compared with G1. Average daily milk yield was increased by 2.23 kg/d and 0.9 kg/d in G2 and G3, res...

Mujahid Tanvir1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar2, Muhammad Tariq3 and Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1

...corded by Metarhizium anisopliae NCIM 1311 (83%) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (63%), and by pyriproxyfen (86%) and indoxacarb (85%), respectively. Hence, these botanical, microbial and synthetic insecticides are recommended for the efficient control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae in field to reduce the environmental pollution caused by persistent synthetic insecticides. 

...

Iram Liaqat1*, Umaima Bibi2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Najma Arshad2*

...lly principal plants; Hyssopus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cordia latifolia and Zizyphus jujuba. Antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolic content determination, Pyrogallol method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and free-radical-scavenging assay. Results revealed that O. vulgare and T. vulgaris possess high free radical scavenging capability and significant antioxidan...
Aiman Al-Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Rashid Al-Zeidi3
...anophyceae), golden (Chrysophyceae), and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) algae. Microalgae were given to humans and animals for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. Microalgae and their purified constituents have been shown beneficial effects in several studies on mammals’ production and health. The roles of microalgae and their purified compound as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-tumour have been well established. The valuable chemical const...
C.A. Angel-Sahagún1, J.E. Ortega Palomares1, A.A. Hernández-Rangel1, C. Cruz-Vázquez2, R. Montesinos-Matias3, M. Valencia-Posadas1 and A.M. Cruz-Avalos4*
...nicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) isolates, obtained from adult Ctenocephalides canis, the dog flea, under laboratory conditions. Nine, monosporic cultures were isolated. Each were pathogenic when exposed by immersion at a concentration of 1x108 conidia/ml, causing between 10-100% mycosis at ten days post-inoculation. Four isolates identified as Bb9, Bb6, Ma9 and Ma10, were the most pathogenic as mycosis reached 100%, which plac...

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar1, Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2

...CV, WBCs, lymphocytes, basophils, total antioxidant capacity, SOD, GSH, catalase, and conception rate, and the lowest values of AST and ALT, creatinine, MDA, TNFα, IFN-γ, IL2, IL6, days-open and number of inseminations per conception. In most postpartum days of all groups, serum P4 and E2 concentrations were in association with conception rate. In conclusion, the dual treatment of lactating cows on day 15 postpartum with 0.6 NAC/kg (orally for 7 da...

Shujaat Hussain1*, Muhammad Saqib1, Khurram Ashfaq1 and Zia ud Din Sindhu2

...s% (3.10±0.20), basophils% (0.76±0.06), platelets count (103.2±0.56103µ/l), glucose (55.13±0.84mg/dl), albumin (4.25±0.01g/dl) and sodium (110.26±1.21mEq/L) were observed in infected camels. This investigation demonstrated significant differences in hematological and serum biochemical variables of infected and healthy camels. Moreover, to set a reference line of blood variables for the detection of coxiellosis in...

Junling Liu, Chen Sun, Qiao Yu, Yanzhi Liang, Shanshan Lin and Meng Tian*

...nophils, monocytes and basophils, respectively. Daphnetin treated rats showed the increased level of p21 and p53 and reduced level of cyclins D1 and E. RT-PCR showed the up-regulated of mRNA expression of CYP2E1 of daphnetin treated group rats as compared to other groups. The current study showed the anti-leukemic effect of daphnetin and highlights the possibility of its use in leukemia to minimize the side effect of the usual therapy.

...

Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1

...hils, eosinophils, and basophils. Three treatments of 5%, 10%, and 15% levels of kiambang flour in feed were ready. The variables measured were also ration consumption, weight gain and conversion as well as carcass, and abdominal fat during growth. The experimental results showed that the average feed consumption ranged from 4034.89 to 4207.40 g/head, weight gain was 710.22–889.84 g/head, and conversion was 4.8–5.9. The highest carotid weight was 0...

Indyah Aryani 1,3*, Suyadi Suyadi2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Kuswati Kuswati2 

...atode worm as follows: Oesophagostomum sp., Cooperia sp., Capilaria sp., Ostertagia sp, and Moniezia sp) while, 14 Madura cattles infected by trematode worms (Fasciola sp and Paramphistomum sp). The prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasite was found as follows: Cooperia sp. 31%, Fasciola sp. 12%, Oesophagostomum sp. 6%, Moniezia sp. 4%, Paramphistomum sp. 2%, Capilaria sp. 2%, and Ostertagia sp. 2%. To sum up, endoparasi...

Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4 

...repared from them using isopropoxide. The antibiotic methicillin and calcium alginate pad was also loaded as control of nanoparticles embedded in the calcium alginate pad and then the restorative effect on the wound was studied. On days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21, hematoxylin-eosin slides (H&E) of the tissue, angiogenesis rate, and division of fibroblast cells and Masson’s trichrome slides were used to determine the rate of collagenization, wound, and extra...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

...ocess, earth worms and mesophilic microbes collaborate to digest solid agricultural waste under controlled circumstances, resulting in a stable form of organic matter. Earthworms produce vermicompost, which contains growth-regulating hormones, macro-micro nutrients, plant-immobilized microflora, growth regulators and promoters and cellular portion degrading enzymes (cellulose, proteases, lipase, amylases, chitinase), which degrade organic substrates even after...

Xiajun Zhang1, Jie Yang2, Wenjun Zhou1, Zhenshi Chen2, Weidong Wu3, Shaoru Zhang2 and Lihui Wang2*

...specific expression in basophils, among the most similar genes, we found TGF-β3. Moreover, lncRNA CASC7 acts on miR-26, and miR-26 was predicted to regulate ASPN. Next, Except for SMAD2 and XIAP, the expression of ASPN, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, SMAD3 and SMAD4 genes in normal tissues was higher than that in tumor tissues. ASPN was positively correlated with TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, SMAD3 and SMAD4. Pathway activity shows ASPN a...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...other species, such as mesopredators. These changes in prey and mesopredator behaviours are likely mediated by the presence of predator cues in the environment. Here, we test how different predator cues (visual and odor) from familiar and novel predators (brown bear and Amur tiger, respectively) influence ungulate, mesopredator, and top predator visitation rates to camera trap sites in a n...

Tlou Grace Manyelo1,2, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola1, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi2, Monnye Mabelebele1* 

...ytes, eosinophils, and basophils compared to other treatments. At the age of 90 days, the chickens which were treated with 5, 10, and 15% ALM had higher (P < 0.05) heterophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils than other treatments. However, 5% ALM had a higher (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibility in the Boschveld chickens. ALM inclusion did not affect the gastrointestinal tract, small intestine, caeca, and large i...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...cytes, eosinophils and basophils) in control and experimental groups. Based on the preliminary results a mixture of best concentration of sericin and curcumin was successfully achieved and was used in further studies. In the group that was given carrageenan alone, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets were decreased, whereas count of white blood cells was increased significantly. The effect of sericin and curcumin was dose dependent. The highest...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...cytes, eosinophils and basophils) in control and experimental groups. Based on the preliminary results a mixture of best concentration of sericin and curcumin was successfully achieved and was used in further studies. In the group that was given carrageenan alone, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets were decreased, whereas count of white blood cells was increased significantly. The effect of sericin and curcumin was dose dependent. The highest...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...fy;">Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea S. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), is an important predator of many aphid species such as Lipaphis erysimi and Diuraphis noxia. In biological control C. carnea is most effective predator in controlling of aphid species. The functional response of all larval stages of C. carnea is calculated over a time of 24h at different prey densities (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). Functional response of three...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...fy;">Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea S. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), is an important predator of many aphid species such as Lipaphis erysimi and Diuraphis noxia. In biological control C. carnea is most effective predator in controlling of aphid species. The functional response of all larval stages of C. carnea is calculated over a time of 24h at different prey densities (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). Functional response of three...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...fy;">Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea S. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), is an important predator of many aphid species such as Lipaphis erysimi and Diuraphis noxia. In biological control C. carnea is most effective predator in controlling of aphid species. The functional response of all larval stages of C. carnea is calculated over a time of 24h at different prey densities (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). Functional response of three...

Ayma Aftab, Samia Afzal* and Muhammad Idrees

...false negative result. Nasopharyngeal samples from a 22 years old man were detected as negative for COVID-19 for consecutive three RT-PCR tests. Complete blood count (CBC), D-dimer, serum ferritin, eosinophil sedimentation rate (ESR) test, tuberculosis test, real time PCR and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were done to rule out the cause of flu like symptoms. HRCT reveals a haze area in the right perihilar region adjacent to medial part of horizont...
A.M. El-Baha1, A. A. El-Sherbiny2†, M. Z. M. Salem1, N. Shaarawy3 and N. H. Mohamed3
...s spectrometry (GC-MS). Isopulegol (53.68%), citronellol
(15.26%) and isopulegol acetate (15.25%) were found to be major constituents of C. citriodora, while eucalyptol
(55.36%) and α-pinene (14.87%) were the major components of E. camaldulensis leaves EO. Because of the high
nematicidal performance of studied EOs, further trials are required to investigate their efficacy in controll...

C. Azhagumurugan† and M.K. Rajan

... extract of magilam, Mimusops elengi on the root-knot
nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting the black gram, Vigna mungo with different inoculums levels (5, 10, 15,
20 and 25 egg-masses/plant) with different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm). The control and treated plants
were analyzed for various growth characteristics such as, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and
shoot, leaf area,...
C. Azhagumurugan and M.K. Rajan
...t of leaf extract of Mimusops elengi on the root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne incognita infecting the black gram Vigna mungo with different inoculum levels of egg-masses (5, 10,
15, 20 and 25). Plants treated with the leaf extract of M. elengi at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25
ppm). The control and experimental plants were analyzed for various biochemical constituents such as,
carbohydrate, protein, ...

Salahud Din

...d abaxial’ by a dorsopalmar ridge. The phalanx distalis (P3) was triangular, with four surfaces and six borders. The descriptive analysis indicates, no statistically significant (p>0.05) differences between the lateral and medial phalanges of all measured parameters. All the measured parameters for the digits of the forelimb were statistically significantly different (p>0.05) between male and female adult Chinkara except greatest Length (Lg) of the...

Shabana Mangi1*, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Javeed Ali Ujjan1, Fakhra Somroo1, Shazia Praveen Solangi2, Sumbul Mureed Mastoi3 and Ranjeet Kumar1

...ies under the subfamily Asopinae. Z. caeruleas (Linnaeus 1758) predatory stink bug is premalinary described from the district Khairpur Sindh province of Pakistan. Photographs of the adult as well as male and female aedeagus, conflicting on the biodiversity table are provided.

...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...chostrongylus sp., and Oesophagostomum spp. ; Strongyloides spp. (73.25 %) followed by Moniezia spp. (21.8 %). Other gastrointestinal parasites retrieved were Trichuris sp. (0.94%) and Toxocara sp. (0.28%). Infestation rates and the number of Eggs Per Gram of feces (EPG) or Oocysts Per Gram of feces (OPG) were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. During the wet season, infestations were severe for strongyles, Moniezia spp., coccidian, and moderate...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

... table attributes of Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were investigated under controlled conditions at 25 °C, a relative humidity of 60 %, with a light-to-dark time ratio of 16:8, in 2018.The results regarding biological parameters indicate that larvae duration was 10.34 days. The larvae consumption rates were 379.2 aphids during their life span. Functional response of larval instars indicates that with increasing prey densities, ...

Eman M. Abdelhady1, Nader Y. Mostafa1, Mohammed A. El-Magd2* and Ghada A. Kirrella1

...ower E. coli and total mesophilic counts than samples treated with CP. The pH values and antioxidant properties (as measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay) of CNPs-treated samples were significantly higher than CP-treated samples. There were no significant differences in organoleptic characteristics between the two treatments. With these antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, CP and CNPs, with a better effect for CNPs, could be used as preservatives ...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

...gi (EPF); Metarhizium anisopliae (PacerMA), Verticillium lecanii (Zimm) (Mealikil-VL), Isaria fumosorosea (Wise) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals) (Racer-BB) were investigated against the mung bean thrips, Megalurothrips distalis Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Evaluations were based on thrips population, percentage reduction in number of thrips per flower, and percentage damage of the mung bean pods. On an accumulative basis, B. bassiana at 7.5 % concentration r...

Swagata Das Gupta1, Majharul Islam1, Towhida Kamal2,Md. Rayhan Faruque3,Md. Shohel Al Faruk4* 

...h primarily affects the esophagus and upper digestive tract in pigeons.A common case of pigeon cankers was diagnosed in two pigeons 40 days of age who came to S.A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU).Clinical history indicated that the birds were taking both food and water from the same source, clinical investigations showed greenish diarrhea, and post-mortem studies revealed hepatomegaly...

Ahmed Jaafar Mousa*, Nothaila Rasheed Hamid 

...oat, pharynx, crop, and esophagus with a cotton swab. Utilizing direct smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, 30 (30%) of the 100 collected samples were found to be positive. A DNA sequence of 372 bp length that partly encompassed the coding region of the ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene within ten samples (assigned 1-10) was amplified in this study. The PCR amplicons that were found in the amplified genetic region were directly sequenced. The detected ...

SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN

...condary metabolites of Misopates
orontium (L.) belongs to Plantaginaceae family were screened out and
tested for therapeutic values through in-vitro biological assays.
Quantitative analysis was done on powder of Misopates orontium by
using standard methods for estimating the primary and secondary
metabolites. The maximum value of total carbohydrates (11.04μg/ml),...

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL1*, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF4 & MUHAMMAD ILYAS YASIN5

...for the comprehension of sophisticated hemodynamics at constricted vessel portion and hence better remedial measures may be adopted.

...

Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2  

Yunxia Guo1, Xia Zhou1*, Xin Huang2 and Fagang Zhong2

...rge-scale cattle farm. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from animals (n=122) having clinical manifestations of respiratory tract diseases. Standard culture procedure followed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay was applied to calculate the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial isolates. The survey results showed that bronchitis and bronchopneumonia were commonly occurring respiratory diseases in cattle. The highest incidence of bacterial organis...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2

Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad 

...olic fruit extract of Prosopis farcta L. in a rat model. Thirty male Albion Wistar rats randomized into six equal groups of five as follows: negative control (received distilled water), positive control (induced diarrhea with 2 ml castor oil), and experimental groups that received 2 ml castor oil followed by oral administration of different doses of Prosopis farcta L. fruit ethanolic extract (300 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 500 m...

Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*

...ch as epidermis cells, mesophyll cells and epidermal anatomy of leaves. The stem length, stem girth, number of leaves plant-1, leaf width, leaf length, distance between node, pedicel length and flower in tea samples ranged between 9.66-71.80cm, 1.40-2.54cm, 7.66-15.66cm, 4.83-1.66cm, 11.50 3.86cm 4.76-1.50cm, 2.03-1.06 and 4.56- 2.66cm. In anatomical study transverse section of tea varieties and clone showed similar features in epidermis, me

Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*

...nitrite poisoning test, isoproterenol poisoning test, and acute cerebral ischemic hypoxia test. Subsequently, the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) in mice liver were measured; while SOD and MDA contents and activity of T-AOC, CAT, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) in mice brain were evaluated. In the results, G. stra...

Mubashar Hussain*, Habiba Razaq, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Kiran Aftab, Jaweria Riaz and Somia Liaqat

...nds. We found that Pheropsophus lissoderus was the most abundant and dominant species in all three study sites whereas Brachinus bilineatus and Galerita lecontei were recorded only in tehsil Phalia, Pheropsophus verticalis, and Dioryche subrecta in Malakwal. Pheropsophus was the most abundant and dominant genus representing six species in all three sites. Overall Shannon index (H:2.545), S...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3

M. Osman1, Kh. El-Dougdoug2, E. T. Abd El-Salam3, R.M. Taha4 and R.M. El-Hamidl

...hanges such as compact mesophyll, disintegrated and less lignified metaxylem, slight upward blistering of leaf blade, closed stomata, short palisade and rounded spongy cells as well as vascular elements of the midrib formed in two patches. The upper patch was completely divided in two parts. Scanning electron microscopy showed alteration in epidermal cells elongated, deformed, and disconnect hairs. decrease of opened stomata, destroyed and forming giant cells....

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...open pyometra received Misoprostol (Cytotec®) given intravaginally as 200 mcg/bitch. All groups received a course of antibiotics. Group IV: two bitches treated by ovariohysterectomy under general anesthesia. Bacterial isolation was made on chromogenic agar to identification of bacteria associated with pyometra. In group I after 24 hr. from giving Aglepristone there was vaginal discharge, in some cases, we need to give a second dose of Aglepristone to bitch...

Nurlan Akhmetsadykov1*, Tanatar Kydyrov2, Moldir Akhmetzhanova1, Gulnazi Akhmetova3, Maxat Berdikulov4 

...results showed that 1mM isopropyl ß-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside induction at 2℃ for 18 hours was the most optimal condition for expression of recombinant GM6 T. evansi antigen. From a 500 ml of growth medium, a total of 3.4 mg of recombinant protein was successfully obtained. A recombinant GM6 antigen of T. evansi encoding a 30 kDa polypeptide was developed, which has diagnostically significant sensitivity in the enzyme immunoassay at a dilution of 1:640...

ARIFA ZEREEN & ALMAS JAHAN

... Bartram ex Marshall, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Lantana camara L., Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Xanthium strumarium L., Alternanthera pungens Kunth, Trianthema portulacastrum L., Pistia stratiotes (Sw.) DC., Phragmites australis Adans., Eichhornia crassipes (C.Martius) Solms Loub. and Portulaca oleracea L. were identified in the selected area. Information regarding the family, habit and nativity of the...

Farrukh Hussain1, Sajid Aziz1, Gul Hassan2, Khalid Aziz1 and Sapna Raisham1

... therophytes (34 spp.),mesophyllous (50%) and leptophyllous& microohyllous (each 19.64%) species. Of the 8 types of leaves, simple entire leaves were dominant (67.86%).Three closely similar communities: Echinochloa-Salvia-Hypericum, Cynodon-Echinochloa-Eragrostis and Eragrostis-Echinochloa-Impatien swere established in the three sites. The Jaccord (82.14-90.01) and Motyka similarity (69.33- 76.40), IVCI and CMI (1.3-1.5) indices showed narrow differences a...

Abdullah1, Syed Mukarram Shah2, Adnan Ali Shah1, Murad Muhammad1, Muhammad Abdussalam1, Khushnood Ur Rehman3 and Haroon Khan4*

...nt leaf size class was mesophyll (38 species) followed by macrophyll and microphyll (18 species each), nanopohyll (15 species), leptophyll (5 species) and a single aphyllous species. Sixty eight species had simple leaves while 26 species had dissected leaves. The findings of the study reflects a detailed phytodiversity and ecological features of the weeds that may be important as reference work for the future ecological, weed management and conservational stud...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

...anges that occur in the esophagus and stomach during the postnatal periods of guinea pigs’ lives. For this purpose, pregnant guinea pigs in good health condition were obtained from public markets and housed in the animal facility until delivery to obtain neonate guinea pigs. Ten pups were separated from their mothers on the second day of their lives and euthanized using an overdose of ketamine HCl (85-95 mg/kg BW). The topographic position of organs was ...

Majeed Ajafar1, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2

...onstrate the effect of Lysophospholipid (LPL) injection on hatching eggs on the quality of hatched chicks. A total of nine hundred eggs were used in this study. All the eggs were set in an automatic incubator at the same time. On the 12th day of embryonic age, half of the eggs (450 eggs) were divided into 6 groups (75 eggs per group). The first egg group was kept in the incubator without treatment and was a negative control (NC). The second egg group was injec...

Kingsley O. Omeje1, Juliet N. Ozioko2, Amaechi L. Ogara2, Benjamin O. Ezema2* and Dilibe C. Urama3

...ext-align: justify;">Chrysophyllum albidum is an important herb, used in treating or management of many diseases. Glycosides, flavonoids, saponnins, alkaloids and tannins were detected in the extract with flavonoids (3.62 mg/QEq), glycosides (0.194 mg/100g), tannins (8.508mg/TAEq) and alkaloids (6.43%) were quantified. There was no sign of mortality or toxicity after the acute and chronic toxicity tests after 24 hr. Some hematological indices (red blood, white...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Lal Badshah2 and Sanam Zarif1
...lls (22 spp., 32.65%), mesophylls (11 spp., 11.82%) were the most prominent leaf classes. Periploca aphylla was the only aphyllous species in the area. The investigated rangelands are less productive and need rehabilitation through ecological management. This would be possible with participation of local communities and NGOs to make the plant resources sustainable. There is a dire need to provide an alternate source of energy to overcome the burden on rangelan...
Tanvir Hussain
... hardwood species, Prosopis cineraria, Albizzia lebbek and Olea cuspidate were categorized in moderately durable class against this fungus while the rest species were kept in non-durable class. From results it can be concluded that the wood of Kao (Olea cuspidate), Black Siris (Albizzia lebbek) and Jand (Prosopis cineraria) may be more resistant to Ganoderma lucidum than the other st...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...cture of Masquite (Prosopis julioflora) grown in Punjab was studied and the basic anatomical data was compiled to compare with that of grown in Sindh in order to observe variations and find out difference in quality of wood. Permanent slides of cross, radial and tangential sections were prepared and examined under the microscope for various structural features. Data were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of various wood elements /...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
... were dominated by Prosopis juliflora, and scattered plants of Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia nilotica, Capparis aphylla, Saccharum munja. At Chachian-chohan, a century old graveyard located near Khari-sharif, where Broussonetia papyrifera was dominant followed by Dalbergia sissoo (pole crop), Acacia modesta, Bombax ceiba and Vitex negundo.

In Kotli district surveyed Charoi, Kohi-ratta, Anderla-kathera, Phalli, Barh...

Muhammad Shabbir Mughal
...native two species Prosopis glandulosa (Honey mesquite) and Prosopis juliflora (Mesquite) were introduced in 1878. Literature was reviewed and information were gathered both from printed material and electronic through Internet and personal experience. Morphological characteristics, Taxonomy, Common names, Botanic description, Leaves, Thorn / Spines, Flowers, Fruit and Seeds were compared and highlighted in the...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal, Asif Raza Wazir and Ch. Muhammad Muslim
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
.../i>) and Mesquite (Prosopis julitlora) grown in Sindh, Sohanjna (Moringa oleifera) in Bahawalpur, Kabuli Kekar (Acacia nilotica sub sp cupressiformis) in D. I. Khan, Beri Patta (Heterophragma adenophyllum), Alstonia (Alstonia scholaris) and Jacaranda (Jacaranda ovalifolia) grown in Peshawar were studied for their basic wood structure to evaluate their wood properties. Cross, radial and tangential sections of ea...
Ajiboye, A. A.1, Ebofin, A. O.1, M. O. Atayese,2, M. O. Adedire3, D. A. Agboola1 and M. Kadiri1
...ximate analysis of Prosopis Africana (Guil & Perr) Taub and Dialium guineensis (wild).This is with aim of improving percentage germination in the seeds of these species. Some standard methods of releasing seed dormancy were used. Percentage germination range in fresh seeds of P. africana and D. guineensis was 0-10%. The seeds of the two tree species exhibit physical dormancy due to hard seed coat. Dormancy in P. africana ...
G. R. Keerio
... nilotica (Babul) and Prosopis cineraria (Kandi) species in riverine forests is very important operation for the development of forestry in Sindh. All the operations of regeneration process from seed collection to the protection of regeneration area require special attention in order to obtain the desired success. The artificial regeneration process includes three phases viz. pre-abkalani (before the arrival of inundation water), mid-abkalani (while inundation...
Altaf Hussain and Raja Muhammad Zarif
...apyrifera, and Prosopis juliflora were recognized as high impact invasive. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is another example highlighting the invasive behaviour. In addition, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima and Leucaena leucocephala are also aggressive in nature and may pose threat to the local flora and fauna in the future. This paper presents the present status, impact and possible control measures of invasive alien forest...
Mahmood Nasir and Mohammad Noor
...ss (216 kg/ha) of Chrysopogon aucheri were higher three times in protected area than that of unprotected area, but its density remained unchanged which shows that the species is a grazing resistant The cover percent (5%), above ground biomass (78 kg/ha) and density (3) of

Cymbopogon jawarancusa were higher in un-protected area. The data show that Chrysopogon aucheri is a decreaser while Cymbopogon jaw...

Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ach, Tamarix aphylla, Prosopis cineraria. Bombax ceiba and Morus alba, greater volume of the wood was occupied by parenchymatous cells. Whereas, the wood volume occupied by vessels was found higher (44%) only in Aesculus indica. However, it was observed about 20% in A. nilotica, F. excelsior. M. azedarach, P. euphratica, P. orientalis, P. cineraria, C. toona and M. alba....
Mohammad Ashraf and Shams-ur-Rehman
... altissima and Prosopis chilensis are important species being used in afforestation in different parts of Pakistan. These species are hardy enough to minimum moisture and therefore, are very suitable for the hot deserts of this country. Ailanthus altissima is native while Prosopis chilensis has been recently introduced by PFI from Chile. The species was found better than native Pro
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Kamran Khan, Anwar Ali, Sajid Aman and Irfan Ullah
...lis, Acacia coriacea, Prosopis cineraria and Zizyphus mauritiana. Mean heights recorded for different species were not significantly different from each other. Maximum survival percentage (100%) were recorded for Acacia nilotica and Zizyphus mauritiana whereas the lowest survival percentage (19%) was recorded for Casuarina equisetifolia in the final year 2020. The mean values of survival among the different species were not sign...
Naveed Ahmed
...nsect species (21%) and Isoptera by 2 families (6%) with 2 insect species (3%) were recorded in the surveyed....
Shams-ur-Rehman
... Acacia and Prosopis are considered as most suitable for hot deserts of Pakistan. In order to evaluate the performance of 24 species and seed sources of these genii, 2 field trials were established one each under arid and semi-arid conditions following RCB and single tree plot designs. The height growth data of indigenous species were compared with exotics. Preliminary results have shown that under arid and semi-arid conditions (rainfall betwee...
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...lantation, research on mesophytic trees has been carried out. Eleven commercially important mesophytic trees species were tried in two locations (Rangabali and Kukri-mukri). The data on survival, height and diameter was recorded and statistically analyzed. Out of eleven species jhaw (Casuarina equisetifolia), babla (Acacia nilotica) rain tree (Samania saman) payra (Pithecellobium dulce), sada koro...
Mohammad Noor and Bashir Hussain Shah
.... Acacia modesta, Prosopis cineraria and Acaica albida had substantially higher survival percent than Acacia tortilis and Acacia victoriae. Acacia albida and Acacia tortilis showed significantly higher growth than the other species. The airdried biomass of 65 kg/plant of Acacia albida was significantly greater than other tree species. Acacia victoriae gained minimum height, dbh growth, and produced minim...
A. U. Khan, S. Siddique and F. Naz
...phragma adenophyllm, Mimusops elengi, Ficus religiosa, Ficus bengalensis and Ficus infectoria growing along both sides of the road were compared with the same species of trees in a relatively cleaner atmosphere. Tree species growing along the Mall reveal departure in their morphological, reproductive and phenological pattern. The amount of lead absorbed by the trees along the road is greater than those growing in the garden but the effect is more ...
G. A. Bajwa, R. Kehr and G. Zimmermann
...ba 3), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sorok, (Ma 3, Ma 6 and Ma 43), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith (Pfr 11) and P. cicadae (Miquel) Samson (Pc 3) were tested in the laboratory for virulence on Pityogenes chalcographus. 20 adults of P. chalcographus contaminated with conidia by releasing on agar plates for two minutes were reared on bark of Picea abies (4 x 4 cm). B. bassiana, M. ani
Bashir Hussain Shah and Mohammad Noor
...iomass followed by Prosopis cineraria; Acacia modest and Tecoma undulate. Acacia albida produced 75 kg/plant air dry biomass and out yielded all the other multipurpose tree species tested in the experiment. Zizyphus mauritiana had minimum height dbh and also produced lowest air dry biomass (2 kg/plant)....
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...e palatable grass Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) Stapf. and the co-occurring unpalatable grass. Chymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., under managed and unmanaged conditions on Baluchistan rangelands. Both species were grown in monoculture and in a 50:50 mixture in an 11-month (44-week) greenhouse study. Defoliation treatments were implemented when plants were 32 weeks old; and consisted of: equally clipping (3-cm stubble height) plants in monoc...
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...ed by Saba/Kaj (Chrysopogon aucheri), a sub-climax stage in deterioration of the original cover (Johnston and Hussain, 1963). However, for practical purposes, Chrysopogon may be considered the best cover presently attainable. Because of low forage production, the health of livestock that makes use of this vegetation is also impaired and they are sold at low prices. Consequently, the livestock producer does ...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...een seedlings of Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) staph, and Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult, at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after emergence. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings generally had greater, but not significantly greater, tiller and leaf development and shoot biomass than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings had g...
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
...a modesta, and Prosopis cineraria. For semi-arid area of Kharian, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia saligna, Acacia elata, Acacia albida and Leucaena leucocephala were found to be quite successful....
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...hult, to displace Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) Stapf. on Baluchistan grasslands may be related to differences in recruitment potential in addition to differences in payability and grazing tolerance. A controlled environment study was designed to investigate the effects of different temperature regimes on germination responses of these two dominant range grasses. Cumulative germination and rate of germination (mean germination time) were evalua...
Abdul Khaliq, Ahmad Hayat and Anwar Hussain
...gopterous and 15 are anisopterous species. All of these except Aristocypha trifasciata (Selys) are new records for this area. Moreover, Ictinogomphus angulosus (Selys) is a new record for Pakistan. ...
Altaf Hussain and Pazir Gul
...lyptus camaldulensis Prosopes chilensis, Prosopis siliquestrum and Prosopis alba exhibited high survival rates. Eucalyptus camaldulensis had higher height growth as compared to other species....
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...ing intensities of sopis cineraria (Jand) on soil moisture, soil loss, herbage production and ground vegetation cover. Twelve sample trees of almost uniform size were selected in Rakh Dagar Kotli, Thal. The lopping treatments were assigned randomly to the sample trees. The study showed that jand trees play an important role in protecting the soil and ground vegetation from harmful effects of prevailing harsh climatic condition in the Thal des...
Muhammad Farooq, Pazir Gul Khan and F. W. Khan
...rus ciliar is Chrysopogon spp., Dicanthium annulatum, Hybrid bajra, Panicum spp; Pennisetum orientale, Sorghum almum and Themeda anthera, experimentally grown in Range Management Farm at Jamrud, were collected and analysed for fibers, carbohydrate, fat and protein content. The nutritive ratios of all the grasses were also determined. The results obtained were compared with those of common grasses of Cholistan, Kalachitta ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...>Parkisonia aculeate, Prosopis cineraria and Tecoma undulate. The results over a period of 7 year have indicated that trees can be successfully planted if some micro catchment is provided for harvesting extra quantity of water for the plants. Acacia tortilis and A.victoria turned out to be the most outstanding exotic species and P. cineraria and T. undulate which are local to our deserts but never tried before gav...
S. Rehman, A. Hussain and S. Ameen
...Acacia and Prosopis in the nursery gave significant differences among sources indicating the possibilities of selection of best seed sources for afforestation in Pakistan. Further scope of improvement of these species is discussed....
Amjum Amin, Zafar Uddin, Rukhsana Roohi and Tayyab Jamil
...communities, i.e. Chrysopogon montanus, Heterioigib contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Desmostachya bipinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Cymbopogonschoenanthus, Capparisdcidua and Chrysopogon montanus, Adhatoda vasica, Eleusine compressa. The communities were finally named by combining the physical and biological features....
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...ropogon spp., Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum, whereas Trifolium pratense, Taraxicum officinale, Plantago lanceolatus, Fragaria vesca are among the major forbs present. The present study was aimed at to determine the affect of closure on forage production both inside and outside the exclosure. ...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...esirable species, Chrysopogon aucheri and Cymbopogon martini. However, both nitrogen and phosphorus, when applied separately had no effect on the production of total forage, grass, any palatability class or any important forage species. No fertilizer treatment appreciably affected the forage production of intermediate species, Themeda anathera and Heteropogon contortus....
Safia Khanum, Farrukh Hussain and Himayat Hussain Naqvi
...mericanum and Chtysopogon aucheri. Both the species exhibited self-toxicity. The toxicity of each species depended up to the amount of material soaked, soaking duration, freshness of the material assayed and the test species used....
Nasim Akhtar, Himayat Husssain Naqvi and Farrukh Hussain
... ciliaris and Chrysopogon aucheri are important range-grasses found in Pakistan every where upto 1800 meters. Field and laboratory showed that beside toxic root exudates, water extracts continued substances which proved to be inhibitory not only to its own growth but also to other species used in the bioassays. The toxicity in both the cases increased with increasing concentration and soaking time. Cinhrus had more allopathic potentiality than Chry<...
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash
...Parkinsonia aculeate, Prosopis spicigera, Robinia pseudoacacia, Zizphus jujube. The salt concentration was varied from 0.05% to 0.80% for all species. It was found that under the experimental condition Zizyphus jujube, Albizzia lebbek and Acacia Arabica were the most salt tolerant of the species studied....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
..., Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum and Panicum antidotale have been considered successful. The study is still in progress. ...

Rabab Abd Alameer Naser1*, Sameer Ahmed Abid Al-Redah2, Enas S. Ahmed3, Fatimah S. Zghair2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy4

...tify differences in the esophagus of ostriches and turkeys at the macroscopic, microscopic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical levels. Seven male turkeys and ostriches were obtained from Diyala province during the summer (July-September). Euthanasia was performed using anesthesia with Xylazine and Ketamine. Esophageal sections (cranial, middle, and caudal) were collected for microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemi...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3 and Saima Kalsoom Babar2

Fawad Khan1, Zahir Muhammad1, Tahseen Ullah1, Khushdil Khan2 , Shabir Ahmad2, Asif Kamal2 and Khafsa Malik2
... 23.77 %),
Mesophylls (15 species, 10.48 %), Megaphylls (2 species, 1.39 %), and Macrophylls (1
species 0.69 % ).
...

Muhammad Idrees1, Wisal Muhammad Khan1*, Haroon Khan2, Arshad Iqbal1, Nosheen Umar3, Shah Khalid1 and Nisar Ahmad4

...hytes with 15 (6.30%), mesophanerophytes with 14 (5.88%) and parasite with 1 species (0.42%). The observations on leaf size revealed that microphyll was the prevailing class with 73 species (30.67%), followed by mesophyll 69 (28.99%), nanophyll 60 (25.21%), leptophyll 23 (9.66%), macrophyll 8 (3.36%), megaphylly 4 (1.1.68%) and aphyllous with 1 species (0.42%). Simple lamina species 154 while 5 species had spiny lamina shape...
Hong Su1,2, Lu Chen1,3, Wenrui Guo1, Daqing Wang1,3, Aolei Dou1,2, Jie Su1, Yanyan Yang4, Ying Tian4, Tingyi He4, Caiyun Wang1, Chenguang Du1, Haijun Li1, Xihe Li5, Guifang Cao1*, Yongli Song5* and Fuxiang Bao3*
...an formation. Genes that sophisticate organs and body mechanisms, and genes associated with protein and fat digestion, hematopoietic stem cell lineage and osteoblast differentiation, are enriched during the development of the Ujumqin sheep 16-day embryo U(E16). Our work provides important complementary reference data for the study of early embryonic development in sheep.

...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2, Muhammad Atif Majeed1 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...y Acacia nilotica and Prosopis cineraria, each having a 27% share in the growing stock. The average stocking was estimated at 90 trees per ha, which is quite low compared to a well-stocked riverine forest or plantation. The average diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded as 12.49 cm, and the average tree height was estimated as 6.78 m. The average canopy cover is 30% in the area. The total growing stock in the landscape was estimated as 51,978 m3. The ave...

Walid Elmonir1*, Dalia Abdeltawab1, Hanem El-Sharkawy2 and Rasha N. Zahran3

...The fimH, hilA, stn, and sopA virulence genes were detected in 46.8%, 37.5%, 31.3%, and 40.6% of isolates, respectively. Around two thirds (59.4%) of Salmonella strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 12 isolates (37.5%) were MDR. The study highlighted the wide-spread of MDR Salmonella in egg production systems in study region. Extended surveillance and veterinary monitoring of antibiotics use in this sector are mandatory for public safety.

...

Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2

...totermes heimi Wasmann (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) which was found as a dominant termite species in district Sargodha. Filter paper disc-based bioassays revealed that all insecticides showed a significant impact (P < 0.001) on the mortality of C. heimi workers and this mortality response was directly proportional to insecticidal concentrations and exposure times. Significantly higher mortality was recorded by chlorpyrifos (100.0%) and fipronil (95.0%) at 72...

Asad Ali, Anwar Ali, Muhammad Farooq and Basheer Ahmad* 

... a composition of 70% Prosopis juliflora, 19% Zizyphus nummularia, and 7% Phoenix. The study identified established regeneration, while unestablished regeneration (below 9 inches) was not observed. The data showed an average survival rate of 93% in both subdivisions (Teri and Karak) of the Kohat forest division, with Karak Forest Subdivision recording a 92% survival rate and Teri Forest Range having a 93% survival rate. Species composition in the plantation co...
Shahida Rashied1*, Ahmed Zia2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Sumera Aslam3, Abdul Rauf Bhatti4 and Ghulam Ali1
...ub orders of Odonata (Anisoptera and Zygoptera) during the summer season of 2018-2019. A total 346 specimens were collected yielding 20 anisopterous species under 13 genera of 5 families and 7 zygopterous species under 4 genera of 3 families. Among these 8 anisopterous species and 7 zygopterous species were first time recorded from the SBRN. According to the results of surveys, the Libellu...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...ae, Eurema hecabe, Euchrysops cnejus, Danaus chrysippus, Ypthima asterope, Ariadne merione, Junonia orithya and Junonia almana; four Fairly Common (F.C.) species are; Colias eratae, Catopsilia florella, Tarucus theophrastus and Ypthima nareda; three Un-Common (U.C.) species are; Papilio polytes, Melanitis leda and Junonia hierta and eight Rare (R) species are; Colotis calais, Zizeeria maha, Tirumala limniace, Hipparchia parisatis, Polyura agraria, Neptis sapph...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

..., Acacia modesta, and Prosopis cineraria,. For semi-arid areas Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia saligna, Acacia elata, Acacia albida and Leucaena leucocephala were found to be quite successful. These techniques have shown positive outcomes regarding runoff induction, survival rates, and the growth of tree species. This review recommends adopting specific water harvesting techniques for dry land forestry and range improvement in different geographical areas bas...
Muhammad Nauman Khan1*, Fazal Hadi1, Maryam Bibi1, Naushad Khan1 and
Syed Mukaram Shah2
...l 10 species (29.41%), mesophylls with 6 species (17.64%), leptophyll with 5 species (14.70%) while macrophyll and megaphyll with single species each (2.941%). Weeds were used as vegetables, medicinal and for grazing animals as fodder. The present study was aimed to screen out the ecological aspects of weed flora in wheat crops of Charbagh. The recent work is the first report on the weed ecology of Charbagh Valley. This may help for future intensive and extens...

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

... 30.7% of the species. Mesophylls four spp. (17.3%) followed by three spp. in macrophylls (13%). Aphyllous and leptophyllous groups were merely represented by one species ea. either sharing 4.3%. In order to harvest the optimum yields of these crops appropriate management of the highlighted weeds is recommended.

...

Fawad Ali1, 2, Gul Hassan2*, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhammad Jamal Babar3 and Ataullah Jan4

...es and leptophylls and mesophylls were represented by 18.75% and 3.13%,, consisting 6 and 1 species, respectively. Regarding the Habit of infesting species, it was observed that the annual herbs (75%) comprising 24 species overwhelmed the perennials. Creeping perennial herbs (21.88%) consisted of 7 species, while one species reprepresented creeping perennial shrubs (3.13%). The dominance of annuals could be attributed to the fact that under annual tillage regi...

Rafaqat Hussain Shah1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Khalid Naveed3, Muhammad Amjad Nadim1 and Aminullah Khan4

... effects of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. by using its aqueous solutions. Extracts of all main parts of mesquite including leaf, stem and root were prepared in different concentrations to see their efficacy as phytotoxic components on wheat. The trial was conducted under laboratory conditions at the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Different concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40%) were compared ...

Muhammad Farooq* and Sanam Zarif

...ussonetia papyrifera, Prosopis juliflora, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Lantana camara. In Pakistan, invasive plants have significant negative effects on ecosystems and local flora displacement. For instance, the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis have adversely affected the growth of grass and bushes in the Malakand highlands. In order to stop invasive species from spreading, many management techniques are used. These consist of chemical control...

Abdel Fattah A. Khalaf1, Karam T. Hussein1, Shehta A. Ali2, Doaa K. Barakat2*, Mohamed I. Gad1

...body carbohydrate of Chrysoperla carnea (C. carnea). The lifespan of C. carnea was significantly reduced by all treatments compared to the control group (41.34 days).Fixed oils and ethanolic extracts affected the levels of total protein, fat, and total body carbohydrate. The obtained results concluded that the two fixed oils (Croton tiglum and Simmondsia chinensis) and the two ethanolic extracts (Urtica dioica and Hyoscyamus muticus) can be used as safe altern...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...t to fungi, yeasts and mesophiles. In conclusion, results showed that the inclusion of 3ml, 5ml and 7ml of extract prolonged the shelf life without the presence of Coliforms and E. coli, reaching a durability of 21 days, however, at a higher concentration of garlic, acceptance decreased. The most widely accepted products in terms of color, odor, flavor, texture and general appearance parameters were treatments C (control) and T2. It is conclu...

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun1,2*, Olusegun O. Ikusika1, Conference T. Mpendulo1

...onocytes, eosinophils, basophils) and carcass characteristics (dressing %, eviscerated weight, drumstick, chest, back) were taken and subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, v 26) software. TWG, TFI, AFI, Total protein and energy intake were highest (P<0.05) at 0.187%, and the FW was lowest (P<0.05) at 0.101% of Na in the diet, respectively. Similar (P>0.05) RBC, heterophil and monocy...
Sultan Çobanoğlu1, Waheed Anwar2*, Muhammad Asim Javed2 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan3
...bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Verticillium lecanii, against the adult female of T. urticae strains (red and green) using leaf-disc bioassay method. Their corrected mortalities were also calculated using Abbot formula. Results indicated that the concentration 4×108 conidia/ml of Trichoderma longibrachiatum caused the highest mortality of red (86.97%) and green (88.63%) strains of T. urticae. Beauveria bassiana, V. lecan...

Marwa Ghandour1*, Gamal A. Shams2, Heba M. Hassan1, Heba A. Baz3 and Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin3

...reases in lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes coupled with increases in food conversation ratio (FCR), WBCs, heterophils, nitric oxide, and lysosome, A/G ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded in comparison to the control broilers. Infected broilers treated with ceftriaxone showed significant improvement in body weight, weight gain, total protein, albumin, γ globulin, and total globulin. Moreover, other parameters such as WBCs, α...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

Featuring

Click here for more

Subscribe Today

Receive free updates on new articles, opportunities and benefits


Subscribe Unsubscribe