Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4
...s (PPRV) causes a highly contagious disease in both domestic and wild small ruminants, and in camels. Based on sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) gene, the PPRV has been classified into four lineages. Serological investigations in Tanzania indicate that peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was introduced in 2004 in Ngorongoro district bordering Ken- ya before official confirmation of the disease in most districts of Northern Tanzania in 2008. In 2011, the ...
Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2
E-mail | [email protected]
...al signs. CIRD is highly contagious and can spread rapidly, especially among dogs in close quarters. Fast and accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective was to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR for detection of B. bronchiseptica in samples from dogs with respiratory signs. A genome comparison program was used to select a suitable target DNA sequence. A PCR targeting the bfrZ
Moustafa Kardjadj
... a highly infectious and contagious transboundary animal disease and one of the most economically devastating diseases that affect cloven-hoofed livestock including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and wild ungulates. Wide prevalence of the disease in Asia and Africa associated with huge economic losses to livestock farming and industry has increased global concern for the disease. Currently, 3 serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and SAT-2) and 06 l...
Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman
...PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is enzootic in India as more number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly, round the year and most frequently during the lean period throughout the country. In some Indian states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Chhattisgar h the PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined after implementing the strat...
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman
...ts (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease in small ruminants causing huge loss to farmers. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the economic losses based on the annual incidence, morbidity, mortality levels etc. derived from literature, discussion with experts, and based upon scientific facts. Different mathematical models were used to assess the losses due to mortality in young and adult sheep/goats, body weight loss in young and adult ...
Klara Fischer1*, Erika Chenais1,2, Emeli Torsson1, Jonas Johansson Wensman1
...tentially lethal, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. Domestic sheep and goats are important species for the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Within societies where PPR is now spreading, poverty is widespread and the disease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrained marginalised societies, it is often difficult to collect disease data in conventional ways. Participatory epid...
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
...) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants. The disease is endemic in Bangladesh and causes considerable economic losses due to its high morbidity and mortality. The study was undertaken to detect and characterize the PPR virus (PPRV) circulating in Bangladesh. Twelve local isolates of Bangladeshi PPRV were successfully detected from post mortem samples (lymph node, spleen and trachea) of goats and a sheep during the year 2008-2012. T...
Hassan Tarik Atmaca
...inants (PPR) is a highly contagious and economically devastating viral disease of small ruminants and camels, and thus is negatively affecting the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Efforts are being made to advance our understandings on different aspects of molecular biology of the virus and to consolidate national and international strengths to eradicate the disease from the planet. This Editorial highlights recent research articles and...
Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin
...causal agent of a highly contagious disease that affects domestic and wild small ruminants, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Due to the important economical losses caused by this virus in Africa and Asia, the development of more effective, targeted and successful treatments for the disease are necessary. Like other Morbilliviruses, PPRV induces a suppression of the immune system during the acute disease, which favours the establishment and exacerbates the pro...
KM Fakhrul-Islam, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Sonnet Poddr, Md Nurul Quader, Md Sahidur-Rahman, Avijit Dutta and Shuvo Mazumder
...d the globe. This highly contagious disease causes severe economic loss due to reduced productivity of the affected animals as well as increased mortality in calves and kids. In this study proportionate prevalence of FMD in cattle was estimated and the distribution of FMD according to different factors was evaluated. Both retrospective and prospective FMD clinical cases were included considering clinical signs and drugs used for treatment during 13 January to ...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla
...s (PPRV) causes a highly contagious disease in both domestic, wild ruminants and camels. Sera from non-vaccinated sheep (n=683), goats (n=624) and camels (n=155) of all ages and sexes were collected in a cross-sectional study in Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah. Saudi Arabia. The seroprevalece was determined by NP-epitopes based competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obta...
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
... causes an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The first line of defence against the virus is innate immunity whose activation is independent of the antigen and depends on the ability of the host to recognize pathogens by means of specific pattern recognition receptors. This interaction induces the production of cytokines, chemokines and interferons. Through Janus kinase/signal transducers and transcription activators path...
Pam D Luka, Frank N Mwiine, Bitrus Yakubu, Joseph Erume, Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez, Hermann Unger and David Shamaki
...n swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease of pigs with severe consequences and a growing transboundary potential. The disease is caused by ASF virus (ASFV), the only DNA virus with an arthropod vector of the genus Ornithodoros, involved in its transmission. Tick involvement has been reported in Europe, East and Southern Africa to be part of ASFV transmission cycles. Ticks in an ASFV infected area have been reported to influence the emergence of genetic...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...e OIE or WHO notifiable, contagious equine respiratory diseases. Due to lack of awareness and interest of all the equine industry stakeholders no vaccination against EI is performed, also the information regarding the epidemiology and occurrence of EI is lacking in Pakistan. We hereby attempted to determine the seroprevalence, investigating the EI outbreak 2015-16, and describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...H5) is highly contagious infection of birds as well as humans which is zoonotic of significant economic and public health concern. From total 650 broilers sera were taken, around the five geographically distinct districts and analyzed through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for detection of H5 antibodies. Highest sero-prevalence of Avian Influenza (H5) was recorded in district Abbottabad 36.15% (47/130) followed by Dera Ismail Khan 33.08% (43/...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
... many countries and is a contagious agent related with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in chickens worldwide. Identification of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype is of most importance in epidemiological studies of disease outbreak and the adaptation of vaccine strategies. In spite of appropriate administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan i...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...b>Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and multidrug resistant tuberculosis is an emerging global issue. Rapid detection of such type of tuberculosis is necessary for timely control of the disease. GeneXpert test has already been implemented by World Health Organization to diagnose the infection on urgent basis.
Objectives: This study was designed to apply GeneXpert MTB/RIF assays for the detection of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis a...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1, Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...eumonia (CCPP), a highly contagious and economically devastating disease, is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides (MM) - a cluster of six member species. However, literature is not available regarding the causative agents of CCPP in sheep and goats in Northern Pakistan. The current study was thus aimed to identify relative abundance of members of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 150 ...
G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar
...umans. This virus causes contagious form of disease, mainly but not limited to sheep and goats, which lead to high economic impact in developing countries including India. The causative agent, Orf virus (ORFV) belong to the genus Parapoxvirus (PPV) of the family poxviridae produces a typical papillomatous, cauliflower like external growth around mouth regions and rarely the lesions are found in other parts of the body and internal organs. Another characteristi...
Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib
...se (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In Pakistan, this disease causes huge losses to economy. However, the reports on its selection and evolutionary pathways are rare. In present study, 336 strains of serotype O (n = 178), A (n = 82) and Asia 1 (n = 76) were downloaded from NCBI database that mainly belonging to Pakistan, along with three vaccinal strains. Phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood) showed that lineages Pa...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
...
Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease caused by an infestation by the mite Sacoptes scabiei. The most important symptom is severe itch. Severe itching may cause sepsis which is sometimes life threatening. Male patients visiting Baqai Medical University were grouped into five categories based on their age at the first visit. The diagnosis was based on detailed history and clinical examination which included scraping of papillae or burrow to co...
Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3
...mainly occurs due to non-contagious environmental bacterial species. In Pakistan, it is the major disease of different dairy animals including bovines. However, only a little information is available about bacterial profile of the disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the Etio-prevalence of bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in a cohort of buffaloes at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 120 quarter samples were collected from suspected buffaloes ...
Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4
... Ecthyma is an extremely contagious, highly communicable, economically important viral disease of skin that affects most of animals. The purpose of current study was to establish and familiarize a precise and rapid detection approaches with molecular diagnostic tool. The method relies on periodically thermo cycling heating and cooling of DNA in presence of certain chemical reagents. In order to detect and differentiate parapox infections from those induced by ...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
... virus (NDV) is a highly contagious disease in poultry, also considered as a major threat for commercial and traditional poultry industry in Egypt, even in vaccinated flocks. A total of 8121 different samples (organs and swabs) that represented 588 NDV suspected flocks were collected from poultry farms showing respiratory manifestation and/or drop in egg production during 2015-2018. Out of 588 NDV outbreaks 95 flocks were confirmed positive NDV by rRT-PCR usin...
Naglaa M. Hagag1*, Mervat E. Hamdy1, Mary A. Sargious1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1, Nahed A. Ahmed1, Ayman A. Hamed1, Ahmed R. Habashi1, Essam I. Ibrahiem1, Mahmoud A. Abdel-Hakim2 and Momtaz A. Shahein1
...MDV) is a severe, highly contagious, and economically devastating viral disease worldwide. FMDV affects animals with cloven hooves, including domestic and wild bovids. In this study, 100 FMDV field samples were collected in 2018 and early2019 from governorates in Egypt. Molecular and genetic characterization indicates that serotype SAT2 is widespread (in 96 cases), while only four cases of Serotype O were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the study sequences ...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1, Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...V) infections are highly contagious and OIE notifiable viral diseases of sheep, goats and cattle. They are endemic in most parts of the globe associated with significant production losses due to high morbidity, high mortality rate and animal trade restrictions. Though several diagnostics including molecular tools are available, recombinant protein based diagnostic assays namely ELISA is safer and robust to handle large sample size and also to minimize labor/ti...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
... virus (PPRV), is a contagious disease of domestic and wild small ruminants. The disease is endemic in developing countries of African and Asian worlds including Pakistan, where several clinical cases in small ruminants (sheep and goat) have been frequently reported. Despite PPRV is endemic in Pakistan, information on disease serosurveillance of prevailing strains in Gilgit-Balitistan (GB) territory is scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to ...
Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider
...r virus (CDV), is highly contagious disease of carnivores and is quite prevalent in Pakistan. The CDV is known to exist as 11 distinct clades around the globe; however, as to what prevail in Pakistan to devise appropriate diagnostics and control strategies is yet to be known. Despite the use of modified live vaccine to dogs, occurrence of disease is not uncommon. Here, we sequenced and phylogenetically analysed the complete hemagglutinin gene of CDV from a mal...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...virus (SRMV) is the most contagious viral disease of sheep and goats. The present study compared the select genetic markers of the vaccine and field strains originating from the field outbreaks for phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses, and a comparison of three-dimensional protein structures. The N gene ORF was 1578 nucleotide long with a single open reading frame encoding 526 amino acids. Similarly, the ORF of F gene was ...
Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*
Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
...tion. The H9N2 is highly contagious, and transmission can occur from chicken to chicken, chicken to humans through the air, or sometimes from humans to humans. H9N2 belongs to alpha influenza virus genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. It has a minus sense RNA genome of eight segments. This fact makes the virus to easily re-assort, which might yield a new virus strain, and causes an outbreak in unimmunized humans or chickens. In reducing losses due to H9N2 inf...
Mumtazur Rahman1, Farhan Anwar Khan1,*,Umar Sadique1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Faisal Ahmad1,2, Hayatullah Khan1,3, Muhammad Saeed1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Ibrar Hussain1, M. Faraz Khan1, M. Izhar ul Haque1 and Hanif-ur-Rehman1,3
...e (Mccp) is a highly contagious and deadly disease of small ruminants, especially goats. It is an economically important disease, causing high morbidity and mortality in goats. More recently Mccp Pakistan strain has been identified and isolated by our laboratory. Alarmingly, antimicrobials in animals are inappropriately using and resultantly leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including mycoplasmas, which are causing serious infections in ruminants. ...
Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2*
...V) enteritis is a highly contagious, virulent, acute, and fatal gastrointestinal viral disease that fundamentally transforms the pups and collapses the body’s posthaste branching organs, such as bone marrow, lymph node, and the flimsy cell of the intestine, causing bloody diarrhea amidst a high mortality and morbidity rate. CPV is distributed in the family Parvoviridae beneath the subfamily Parvovirinae that pertains to the genus Protoparvoviorus with a ...
Nashwa M. Helmy1 and Ahmed S. A.2
...isease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals and
has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed
animals. There are seven serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV), namely O, A, C, SAT 1, SAT
2, SAT 3 and Asia 1. Tests for antibodies of FMDV nonstructural proteins (NSPs) are
useful in providing evidence of previous or current viral replication in the host,
irrespectiv...
Magdy, Mariam1 ; Abou ElHassan D.G. 2 ; and Salem, S.A.H 3
...isease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting both domesticated
and wild cloven-hoofed animals worldwide and it is a disease with high economic importance. In
Egypt, FMD has taken as enzootic form and many outbreaks had occurred since 1950 and
onwards. FMDV serotype (O) was the most prevalent until serotype (A) appeared in 2006 then
during April and May 2012, six outbreaks of FMD serotype (SAT 2) we...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1
...foal pneumonitis, highly contagious among susceptible horses, with viral Transmission to cohort animals occurring by inhalation of aerosols of virus-laden respiratory secretions. Extensive use of vaccines has not eliminated EHV infections, and the worldwide annual financial burden from these equine pathogens is immense. Clinical signs may occur despite the presence of a virus-specific immune response in the horse. The current study focus on outbreak recorded i...
Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...inants (PPR) is a highly contagious, economically important viral disease of sheep and goats with high morbidity and mortality rates. A live attenuated PPR vaccine has been produced in Veterinary Serum and Vaccines Research Institute (VSVRI), Abbasia. It has and still been utilized to control PPR disease in endemic areas of the Arabian Gulf. In this study, the identity of four batches of PPR vaccines was tested as per the Office International des Epizooties (O...
Ahmed A. Azab, Wesam H. Mady, Ali Zanaty, Mahmoud Samir
... virus (IBV) is an acute contagious disease cause severe economic
losses in poultry production worldwide. Virus isolation is the golden standard for IBV diagnosis so the
aim of this study was comparing the different biological systems for isolation of infectious bronchitis
virus.
Methods: The Egyptian variant 2 IBV strain representative to the current circulating strain in Egypt
was isolated in specif...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...
is a highly contagious pathogen, mainly transmitted by inhalation of aerosols of virus laden respiratory
secretions especially with high population during equestrian events. Reactivation of virus in nonsymptomatic,
latently (silently) infected horses is the main cause of circulation of such virus in horses.
Methods: In the present study, molecular characterization of circulating EHV-1 viruses among horses
...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...isease (LSD) is a highly contagious trans- boundary disease of cattle with
major economic losses. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) belongs to the genus capripoxvirus of
Poxviridae. Blood-feeding arthropods like mosquitoes, flies and, African tick species play a role in
LSDV maintenance and transmission. Mechanical transmission of LSDV is well documented;
however, evidence of transovarian and transstadial transmiss...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...outh disease is a highly contagious disease of livestock that is endemic in
Egypt with severe economic impact. The main method of control is through vaccination of the
livestock with a potent vaccine.
Objective: Process development of the current formulations and generating new ones is crucial.
Currently, Montanide ISA 206 is the adjuvant used in FMDV vaccine produced in Egypt which is
w/o/w microemul...
Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2
...iruses (AIVs) are highly contagious and pathogenic viruses that caused severe disease in poultry and are potentially zoonotic. Since last decade the outbreaks of AIVs have been increased globally including Pakistan. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 viruses in broilers at Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 1920 samples, including each of 960 blood samples and tracheal swabs were collected from broilers a...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
... causes an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory disease in poultry with huge economic impact and extremely difficult to control due to its multiple serotypes. The disease could be prevented by rapid diagnosis either molecular or serological test. However, the later test is inexpensive such as heamagglutination inhibition test (HI), but IBV fail to give Heamagglutination (HA) reaction without pretreatment. Therefore, we designed this study for preparation...
Semra Okur Gumusova1, Gul Fatma Yarim2, Cuneyt Tamer1,*, Ayris Salt2 and Gokhan Inat3
...it is a viral, fatal and contagious disease of young salmonids and nonsalmonid fish with acute to peracute clinical forms. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and cell damage due to IPNV in rainbow trout gonad cell line-2 (RTG-2). For this purpose, IPNV was inoculated in RTG-2. Then, media of IPNV infected cell and media of negative control were collected (n=3) for each incubation time (0, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) an...
Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2
...new virus that is highly contagious. It spreads through infected persons in its prodromal stage which suggest its transmission is not likely through air. COVID-19 can affect people of all age groups and mostly results in the death of people with weak immune systems. Its most common reported symptoms are fever, fatigue, dry cough, lymphopenia, raised levels of lactate de-hydrogenase and, bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs (opacities m...
Aqsa Fayyaz1, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor1*, Asma Ashraf2, Muhammad Asif Zahoor3, Azhar Rasul2, Humara Naz Majeed4, Muhammad Zulhussnain1, Kanwal Ranian1, Bushra Riaz1, Nazia Khalil1 and Attaullah1
... virus (NDV) is a highly contagious virus of domesticated (i.e. chickens, peacock, pet birds) and wild birds, which is excreted in the fecal material of infected birds. The house fly, Musca domestica L. can gain entry into the poultry flocks and will feed on poultry droppings and potentially serves as a mechanical vector for Newcastle disease. During the current study, houseflies were captured and examined for the presence of NDV. A total of 80 samples were co...
Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4
Sania Subhan Qureshi*,1, Baitullah Khan1, Shahid Khan1, Hanif Ur Rahman1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2
...isease (FMD) is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease affecting cloven footed animals including bovine, caprine and ovine. Globally, FMD production losses are up to 21 billion US dollars annually. Annual losses in Pakistan is 692 million dollars in terms of body weight loss, milk production, treatment cost and mortality. FMD is caused by 7 different serotypes of FMD virus having different virulence. To compare the virulence of various FMD serot...
Maria Al Mazed1*, Md. Ashikur Rahman1 and Sk. Istiaque Ahmed2
...h heavy metals and their contagious effects on aquatic animals and their public health concerns....
Monu Karki, Amit Kumar and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...">Orf otherwise known as contagious ecthyma is a mild, self-limiting, localized skin disease of small ruminant’s viz. sheep and goats, ensuring its presence and related economic loss all over the world. The virus is the prototype member of the Parapoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family and is known to cause zoonotic affection sporadically. The main attraction to this virus has always been its wide range of virulence factors, known to be responsible for ...
Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7*
... The eradication of this contagious disease remains a challenge to the poultry industry that can be transmitted from infected birds to healthy ones by respiratory routes. The lack of proper isolation and diagnostic methods as well as improper use of antimicrobial therapy causes the treatment failure. Different types of antibiotics are used to treat it and different research use antibiotics of aminoglycoside group. For preventing the flock from infection separa...
Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Mansoor Tariq1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Barirah Rehman Talpur1
Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2
...IBV) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important disease of poultry. The disease has remained a serious threat to the world poultry industry since its discovery in 1931. The virus mainly affects the respiratory, renal, and reproductive systems. Multiple serotypes of IBV have emerged due to the high rate of mutation and genetic recombination, which has made it difficult to control the disease. Certain serotypes have disappeared because of the avai...
Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1
...ermine the prevalence of contagious ecthyma along with the association of various risk factors in goats and sheep through qualitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This technique is sensitive and cost-effective for detecting disease in large no of animals. For this purpose, serum samples from 350 goats and 91 sheep were collected on the 20th day post-infection for detection of antibodies, and essential information related to potential risk factors...
Mai M. Dawood*1, Mohamed Fawzy2 and Mohamed S. Elshahidy3
...virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens, that results in bursal necrosis and severe damage of the immune system. IBDV remarkably persist to affect the poultry industry in Egypt. Hence this study was done to identify and characterize very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease virus in Egypt during the period 2019-2020. bursal samples were collected from 8 vaccinated broiler flocks exhibited high mortality rates and bursal lesions in al-El-Fay...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3
...n important zoonotic and contagious disease targeting humans, domestic and wild animals all over the globe resulting in significant economic losses therefore, disease mitigation and control measures are of pronounced significance. The two available vaccines of Brucella abortus in Pakistan, RB51, and S19 have many limitations in the light of residual virulence, induction of abortion, diagnostic interference, and human pathogenic potential. In this study, we hav...
Ihab G. AL-Shemmari1*, Ali Hussein Fadhil1, Mohammed Assad S. Alkabi1, Eman Jawad Jabber2
...sis in sheep is a highly contagious reproductive infection that may strike almost any breed of sheep and is observed all over the world, causing abortion, infertility, and massive economic losses. The aims. This study was to identify brucellosis in ewes and to examine the histopathological changes in the uterine tissue of ewes infected with Brucella melitensis. Methods. The study were conducted in Kerbala and Babylon provinces from November 2020 to July 2021, ...
Abdul Kabir1*, Anees Ur Rahman2, Inzamam Ali Shah2, Ibad ur Rahman2
...p;...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
...dae. CPE is a highly contagious enteric disease of dogs transmitted mainly via the fecal- oral route. This ten (10) years retrospective study was carried out to describe the pattern, prevalence and seasonality of canine parvoviral infection in Abuja based on records of laboratory confirmed CPE cases from 2011- 2021 presented to Veterinary world clinic, Abuja. A total of 197 cases of gastroenteritis were recorded in the years under review, out of which 132 ...
Moustafa A. Zaghloul1*, Mohamed F. Azooz1, Saleh E. Ali1*, Heba M. Soliman1, Maha M. Sayed1, Mohamed H. Kafafy2 and Alaa R. Morsy1
...ruminants that is highly contagious and economically damaging. The goal of this study is to perform sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GPCR, RPO30, P32 and EEV glycoprotein genes of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) recent isolates in Egypt, as well as to use artificial intelligence to predict the immunogenic landscape of circulating lumpy skin disease in the Egyptian cattle dairy sector, which will lead to universal blueprints for multiepitope lumpy skin d...
Hassanein, Suzan A.; Abd El-Wahab, Wafaa; Eweis, Moustafa and Mahmoud, Mervat M.
...ustify;">FMD is a highly contagious viral disease of all cloven-footed animals and widely distributed all over the world. In this study 465 serum samples were collected from 3 Nile delta governorates (Behaira, Mounofya and Kafer El-Sheikh) during 2009. The samples were used for detection of FMD antibodies to 3ABC non-structural proteins using commercial ELISA kit (Priocheck). The overall percentage of positive was 38.9 %. The higher percentage of positive dete...
Raof*, Amal M. A.; Haleem*, Iman Y.; Aly*, Nawal M.; * *Garhy, M.M. and Hosny***, Gehan A.
...(FMD) is one of the most contagious diseases affecting wide range of host species with variable severity and decreased productivity. Non-structural protein (NSP) 3ABC antibody is considered to be the most reliable indicator of present or past infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vaccinated animals. An indirect ELISA was established, for detection of the antibody response to FMDV NSP 3ABC using commercial ELISA kit (Prio-check) for l065 serum s...
Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3
... management of different contagious diseases. In the present study we concluded that A. maritima possess therapeutic effectiveness....
Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3
...MD, three-days sickness, contagious ecthyma, sheep pox, clostridium diseases, brucellosis, mastitis, and respiratory diseases. The study also showed reemerging of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and rabies in humans. The participants (187) responded at a rate of 98.1%. The undergraduate students and graduated veterinarian percentages were 79.67% and 20.32%, respectively. Online study materials were accessed via Google Classrooms, University platforms, You Tube...
Mirwaise Khan1, Rubab Maqsood1, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Shakera Sadiq Gill1, Muhammad Noman1, Rafia Akram1, Muhammad Sajid Hasni1, Haroon Rashid3 and Mamoona Chaudhry1*
...ly encountered acute and contagious disease of poultry and humans, caused by RNA virus of Orthomyxoviridae family. An epidemiological survey was conducted in 29 villages of District Zhob, Balochistan province of Pakistan, between December 2016 and February 2017. A total of 240 blood samples from backyard chickens were collected and were tested for antibodies against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) (H9N2) by hemagglutination inhibition test according to OIE. It was...
M. Al-Amin and M. Alamgir
...e regenerated species is contagious except Tectona grandis, which show random distribution The study of density, frequency, abundance, relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance of various species showed that it is possible to bring the depleted area under complete forest cover through the protection of natural regeneration....
Pavana Jyothi Vanjavaka1, Mouradam Veerasami2, Mohana Subramanian Bhaskaran2*, Vijay A.K.B. Gundi1*
...ne parvovirus (CPV) is a contagious and pathogenic virus in puppies and dogs. It was first reported in 1978; however, it was later replaced by three antigenic variants at different periodic intervals that now circulate globally with random strains. This particular study aimed to determine the genetic changes in the VP2 gene, which are responsible for creating different antigenic variants, and to understand their impact on pathogenicity. In contrast, molecular ...
Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3
Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*
...kopenia (FP) is a highly contagious viral disease of cats caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (also called Feline Parvovirus (FPV)) that affects gastrointestinal, immune and nervous system. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of FP in cats of Barishal region and also to know the frequency of different factors associated with FP. The study was performed at Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Barishal Sadar and Pet Cli...
Aiman Mohammed Baqir Al-Dhalimy*, Alaa Kamil Mahmood
...t is considered a highly contagious and is life-threatening disease in dogs. Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) is a cause of ICH, which is caused infectious canine hepatitis and uveitis in canine.The study was conducted on 200 stray dogs from three provinces in Iraq (Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala, and Diwaniya). Clinical examinations and signs were documented. Blood samples were obtained from the cephalic vein of dogs with EDTA tubes for molecular assay, and without ...
Hazem Sawalha*, Mujahed Abu-Alrub, Bashar Abu-Alrub, Abdalsalam Kmail**
... incidence and impact of contagious ecthyma Orf virus in sheep and goats across various age groups in Jenin governorate, Palestine. Employing ELISA testing and histopathological examination, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s manifestation and control. The disease presented with severe symptoms, notably in mucocutaneous areas, and was most prevalent in younger animals during colder months. Histopathological findings ...
Evaluation of Oil Vaccines of Avian Influenza H5 Virus in Layer by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Hasan Muwafaq Ali*, Raed Hussain Salih Rabee
...-align: justify;">Highly contagious avian influenza illness is caused by high-path and low-path flue viruses. Chicken vaccinations are intramuscular or subcutaneous injections that reduce illness severity and transmission. To stimulate the immune system, large-scale immunization campaigns may utilize live-attenuated vaccines. Aim of study: This research aimed to assessing the effectiveness of oil vaccines against the H5 virus of avian influenza using an enzyme...
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