Occurrence and Distribution Patterns of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in Abuja, Nigeria
Occurrence and Distribution Patterns of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis in Abuja, Nigeria
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
ABSTRACT
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a viral disease of dogs caused by carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 (CPV). The CPV is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus of the family Parvoviridae. CPE is a highly contagious enteric disease of dogs transmitted mainly via the fecal- oral route. This ten (10) years retrospective study was carried out to describe the pattern, prevalence and seasonality of canine parvoviral infection in Abuja based on records of laboratory confirmed CPE cases from 2011- 2021 presented to Veterinary world clinic, Abuja. A total of 197 cases of gastroenteritis were recorded in the years under review, out of which 132 (67%) cases were confirmed positive for CPE using the SNAP parvovirus antigen detection kit (IDEXX Laboratories, United State). Other disease conditions include helminthiasis 25 (12.7%), canine babesiosis 3 (1.5%), while 37 (18.78%) cases were recorded as canine distemper and other bacterial enteric diseases. Monthly distribution of CPE cases in this study showed significant difference (p<0.05) characterized by high prevalence in the dry season with peak of infections in the month of January. Breed disposition to CPE showed highest occurrence in Rottweiler, Alsatian and Boerboel dogs with susceptibility in male dogs (54%) than female dogs (33%) while age distribution showed high CPE affinity for younger dogs less than 12 months (86%) than older dogs (10%). In conclusion, this highlights CPV as a leading cause of canine gastroenteritis despite routine vaccinations in the study area. Further studies to evaluate field circulating CPV strains and the potency of available vaccines in Nigeria is hereby recommended.
To share on other social networks, click on any share button. What are these?
July 2022
Vol. 10, Iss. 2
