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Jonathan Jong

...mdash;but they have no legitimate scientific use.

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Murtaza Ali*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub

...n in District Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan. After drying, mulberry fruit was stored for 150 days and evaluated for physiochemical and sensory parameters (water activity, ash content, percent acidity, pH, moisture content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability). Statistically minimum decrease was observed in water activity, pH, moisture content and organoleptic characters. While, stable increase was noted in percent acidi...

Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1

...ify;">The accelerated longitudinal bone growth at puberty or pubertal growth spurt has been ascribed to reciprocated physiological influences of both somatotropic and gonadal axes, manifested as higher secretion of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (T). GH and T affect linear growth velocity (LGV) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Nevertheless, age and developmenta...

John Gachohi, Simon Karanja, Salome Wanyoike, Nduhiu Gitahi, Salome Bukachi, Kenneth Ngure

...ave designed a pseudo-longitudinal survey to be undertaken for two years in Kibera slums in Nairobi city Kenya. Human and animal blood and urine samples will be collected at the household level whereas soil and water samples will be collected at the community level. Attempts will be made to isolate Leptospira bacteria from urine, soil and water samples. Antibody detection in animal and human serum samples will utilize Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Stud...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...ectioned in the median sagittal plane and histological slides of the worms were prepared for detailed morphological studies. Bile tissues, aspirates and blood samples of the same animals were analysed. The infection was found prevalent throughout the year but during post monsoon season it was relatively high. Morphological identification of G. expalanatum was carried out on the basis of size and shape of worm. The hematological and bile biochemical chan...

Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das

Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
...liator pest, Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). A study was conducted in the field and laboratory of All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine (AICRP on MAPB) at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during 2010-2011 on seasonality, extent of damage and biologoy of D. sagitta on T. indica. The larvae were active almost throu...

Anil Sehajpal, Saroj Arora and Parminder Kaur 

 

Evaluation of plant extracts against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice
...ivum exhibited strong fungitoxicity even at the lowest concentration, i.e. 100 ppm, with relative magnitude of inhibition 2.0 mm against the pathogen R. Solani. With regard to the effect of 8 plant oil samples tested, it was noticed that the oil of Syzygium aromaticum showed strong inhibition i.e. 7.5 mm at 1000ppm whereas Helianthus annus and Oryza sativa were ineffective.

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Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...od. The results of the logit model for adoption of recommended irrigation practices however postulate positive and significant impact of citrus producing experience and family income on adoption of recommended number of irrigation and hoeing practices whereas age has significant negative impact on the adoption of hoeing practice and fertilizer applications. Positive and significant impact of family income is influencing the adoption of every recommended practi...
Nasira Kazi1, Muhammad Israr2 and Shahina Fayyaz1,*
...p region width; vulva longitudinal; female tail 5.9-6.6 anal body diameter long, dorsally curved; prerectum 1.7-2.6 anal body diameter long.Plectus (Ceratoplectus) armatus (Butschli, 1873) Andrassy, 1984 is recorded for the first time in Pakistan and is briefly described and illustrated.
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Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali* 

...ed coleoptilar nodes. Longitudinal cut sections of expanded coleoptilar nodes produced maximum primary calli on callus induction medium containing both 0.5mgL-1 2, 4-D and 1 mgL-1 picloram. Eighty percent of embryogenic calli were obtained on MS medium containing only single auxin while combination of auxin and cytokine in MS and Chu’s N6 media produced 53.33 and 35.56% embryogenic calli, respectively. Inclusion of 5 mgL-1 silver nitrate in embryogenic m...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
...th were obtained using digital calliper from 291 fish individuals, and raw measured data were then subjected to allometric equation to remove size-dependent variation prior further statistical analyses. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated highly significant differences in morphometric characters between populations (p <0.01). The first three principal axes of principal component analysis (PCA) explained 49.29% of total variance. The ...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...s in certain areas of Gilgit Baltistan (GB) besides Ladakh in India. The present study was conducted to determine habitat use and feeding preference of urial in Gilgit Baltistan. Current study is the first and only detailed study about the habitat and feeding ecology of these wild sheep in Pakistan. The study provides baseline data about the study topic which will help conservation management of the species in the area. The ...
Salma Javed, Saima Majeed, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz*
...cuticle bearing 20-22 longitudinal ridges, tail conical, tapering evenly to narrow terminus 116-128 µm long. Cellular body content extending 2/3 of the tail length. Heterodorus longidens (Jairajpuri and Loof, 1968) Andrassy, 2009 is reported for the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.

 

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 R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**

...subdivision Hunza, of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Generally very small breed with small legs, large belly and most of the specimen have brown strip from temple to nostrils on both sides. It is a pashmina bearing breed. The breed was studied for morphological characteristics, somatometric measurements, growth, productive and reproductive traits. Somatometric measurements indicated the average height 70.41±0.837 cm vs. 57.91±0.342 cm, heart girth 8...

 A. N. Naqvi and K. Fatima*

INCIDENCE OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN NOMAL AND NALTAR VALLEYS GILGIT, PAKISTAN
...l and Naltar valleys, Gilgit. The data on cattle, goat, sheep and donkey were collected from the Animal Husbandry Department from 2003 to 2007. In total 19259 animals were found affected with various diseases. The disorders reported in the area were digestive diseases, infections, mastitis, reproductive diseases, endoparasites, ectoparasites, wounds, hematuria, respiratory diseases, emaciation, hemorrhagic septic-emia, tumour, blue tongue, cow pox, enterotoxae...

 Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****

EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...ation in export, HS-2- digits aggregated data for cotton sub-sectors have been used with latest data from 2004 to 2013 for the panel of 39 countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and gravity model approach was employed considering country and time specific fixed effect. The RCA index revealed that cotton sub-sectors have competitive advantage in export and there is gradual gain in the competitiveness with time. The opportunity exists in the marke...

 Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal*

INTERPRETING WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR GRAIN YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...t genotypes at Skardu-Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern and mountainous region of Pakistan) and Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, during wheat crop season 2011-2012 using RCB design with three replications. The genetic material was comprised of 9 nationally released cultivars, three advance line from Tajikistan, one from China and two locally grown cultivars. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations and genotype by environment ...

Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*  

...25-30 kg body weight. Longitudinal and cross anatomical sections were done on these samples; the sections were photographed and compared with coronal and sagittal sections of CT images. While transverse and parasagittal US were performed in goats over the selected new site (last inter-lumber space (L5-L6). The latter was compared with the L6-S space by gross anatomy, CT and image analysis....
Nizam Uddin Jamali1, Asmatullah Kaka1,*, Pershotam Khatri1, Moolchand Malhi2, Muhammad Naeem3, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Rameez Raja Kaleri4, Habibullah Janyaro5 and Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
..., pH was determined by digital pH meter. Motility was determined under microscope at10x magnification, morphology and live dead ratio was assessed using eosin nigrosin stain under 40x magnification, concentration was calculated by hemocytometer, membrane integrity was examined by HOST solution. Conception rate was determined by inseminating 20 buffaloes (10 control and 10 best treatment group). After initial examination semen sample having motility ≥ 70% an...

 Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1

Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...and 37 °C under non agitation conditions. The proximate analysis revealed that the water melon peels showed the highest amount of crude protein (which was measured by micro Kjeldahl digestion system) followed by bagasse, mango, and apple peels with respective values of as 13.38%, 3.20%, 2.69% and 2.58%. Best growth of C. tropicalis SS1 was obtained in aqueous extracts of 2% WM peels and the yeast cells attained up to 33% protein content on dry weight basis...

 Mohsin Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan*2, Asad-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Nadeem3, Zile Huma3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Quratulain Syed3

Optimization of medium and substrate for CMCase production by Bacillus subtilis-BS06 in submerged fermentation and its applications in saccharification
...n under static and with agitation speed of 140 rpm. The whole
fermentation experiments were carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. Different
agricultural wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice husk, defatted
soybean meal, corn cobs and wheat bran were exploited for CMCase production
using different media (medium 1 (M1), medium II (M-II), medium III (M-III) &
medium IV (M-IV)).Of all these tested substrates, s...

 Zafar Iqbal1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Imran Bodlah1*, Rahmatullah Qureshi2, Ayesha Aihetasham3

Notes on three morphs of Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Northern Pakistan
...of Northern Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad
Jammu and Kashmir). Three food plants of the coccinellid are, Krascheninnikovia
ceratoides, Artemisia vulgaris and A. maritima, are documented. Notes on
diagnostics of the species are given with illustrations and new distributional
records.

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Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

...re analyzed by ordered logit model to determine factors affecting households welfare, measured as daily per capita income level. Variables, such as income generating individuals, milking animals, women participation in livestock farming, education level of the head, age of the head and agricultural land holding of the household, were used as explanatory variables in the model. Results of ordered logit model showed that educa...
Qingling Hu1,2,3,* and Jinian Feng3
...r margin of abdominal tergites, and the shape and relative locations of setae on tergite IX.
...

Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1* 

...f surveyed fields. In Gilgit-Baltistan, the disease was detected in four fields from three surveyed districts. Among the five provinces and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, powdery mildew was a major problem in Northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Kashmir. Among the cultivated varieties surveyed, severe infestation (>40% severity) was observed for wheat varieties Galaxy-2013, PS-2005, Faisalabad-2008, Shahkar and some local lines. Future wheat improvement programmes must...

Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5* 

... acid, ellagic acid, ellagitannin, castalagin, quercetin, myricetin and syringetin etc. The review expresses the ethanomedicinal potential of this plant specie as well as its importance in modern medicines.  

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Hafiz Abdullah Akbar, Zafar Iqbal, Waqas Raza*, MuhammadUsman Ghazanfar and Salman Ahmad
...owth of Penicillium digitatum causes citrus green mould by using 7 plant extracts alone and in combination with wax and 3 concentrations of salicylic acid alone and in combination with wax. The study revealed that in case of plant extracts maximum growth inhibition (35.90 %) was shown by Anar followed by Chabir (33.60%) and Garlic (29.16%), while minimum growth inhibition was recorded from Parthanium (17.43%) and Ginger (19.94 %). In case of plant extra...

Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4 

...ltural development of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pakistan is gifted with a lot of natural resources in the shape of fertile agricultural lands, water resources and minerals. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. About 70% of its population is directly or indirectly associated with this sector. Gilgit-Baltistan is a vast mountainous and remote area in the extreme north of Pakistan.. The inhabitants of this...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
...istrict Hunza, Nager, Gilgit and Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan during 2014-2016 to determine the temperature dependent property of Quinisulcius capitatus. About 280 root and soil samples were taken from 47 locations and 28 agricultural crops.Compilated data from the world has shown that Q. capitatus has the potential to survive and propagate proficiently at low temperature (-2 to -15ºC).
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Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...d hyperechoic line in longitudinal images and by an almost circular hyperechoic area in the middle of the organ in transverse images. The epididymal head and body were less echogenic than the testis and were homogeneous; the epididymal tail was heterogeneous, but less echogenic than the testis. In organs with lesions, various lesions included sperm granulomata in the epididymis, testicular degeneration with or without mineralization, testicular abscesses and c...

Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar* 

...ytical models used are Logit Model and ARDL Model. Regarding farmers perceptions, results show that age of farmers, farming experience and education level of the farmers are positively and significantly, except education, associated with perception regarding climate change. However, size of HH, farming types and area under cultivation are negatively associated. Whereas association is insignificant in respect of farming types and area under cultivation. Regardi...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
...and 70º 55/ East longitude), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements replicated four times. The effects of different Rhizobium strains were found significant on yield parameters of the crop. Inoculation with rhizobium strain NARC-BK strain showed the maximum and significantly (p<0.05) higher number of branches, pod clusters plant-1, pods ...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali

...ashmir and 10.4% from Gilgit Baltistan. Primary evaluation of seed characteristics was done according to International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. Significant variation was observed for seed color, seed shape and seed coat pattern. Twenty-nine different colours of common beans were observed in these 96 accessions with pre-dominance of red colour. Four different seed shapes were observed i.e., Cuboid, oval, truncate fastigiated and kid...

Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2 

...sed by the Penicillium digitatum. Antifungal activities of organic elicitors were evaluated and all the elicitors expressed significant results. Salicylic acid was the most effective to control the disease and showed minimum mycelial growth diameter (35mm) followed by benzoic acid (44mm), jasmonic acid (45.5), and ascorbic acid (50mm) as compared to control (92mm) treatment. Organic elicitors activated the defense system, by inducing the biochemical alteration...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*

Muhammad Usman* and Sajjad Ahmad 

...ed and elucidated with digital images. 

...

Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1 

...Results of Multinomial Logit Model demonstrate that human capital has the strongest positive role to enable households to enter into more rewarding livelihood strategies. Study recommends to take appropriate steps to reduce pressure on natural resources, to make further investment in human capital to enable people entering into more rewarding livelihood strategies and to educate households to use remittance money for job creating activities to enhance employme...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
... other techniques like digital analysis by ImageJ software and leaf area meter devices. With these results, it is concluded that the BioLeaf application has resulted in an accurate leaf area measuring tool of foliar damage with minimum time and cost and can be used in various crops for damage assessment.

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Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem 

... 5° 38¹N and longitude 6° 97¹ E. At 10 weeks after planting, both the rhizosphere soil (soils within 2 mm region of the test crops) and bulk soil or control (soils away from the root zone) from the experimental plots that were planted with bean, groundnut and okra were sampled, air dried and analyzed in the laboratory. Results showed significant effect (p = 5%) on soil moisture content, soil pH, organic carbon and exchangeable bases between t...
Mounir R. Abi-Said1, Mohammad Al Zein2, Mohammad A. Abu Baker3 and Zuhair S. Amr3,4*
...n Saudi Arabia. 112 regurgitated pellets yielded 203 individual prey items representing at least eleven rodent species, unidentified bird(s), at least one scorpion, and other unidentified insects. Prey items were dominated by rodents (91%) which were found in 96.4% of the pellets. Birds, scorpions, and other insects constituted 2.46, 5.91, and 2.96% of the diet, respectively. Rodents contributed the most in terms of biomass, with the black rat, Rattus rattu...
Chandragouda M. Patil, Shashikant S. Udikeri* and Shreeshail. S. Karabhantanal
...piromecifen 240SC, propargite 57% EC, ethion 50EC, fenazaquin 10%EC treated leaves. Field populations had high degree of resistance to Sulphur 80WG with LC 50 of 17769.72 ppm against 651.17 ppm for a laboratory susceptible strain. Thus 27.30 fold resistance ratio was observed (RR) for sulphur. The least resistance ratio 4.45 fold was observed for fenazaquin 10% EC and the field and laboratory susceptible populations have exhibited LC 50 v...

Shazia Mansoor1, Muhammad Sohail2*, Saima Aslam3 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam4 

...anges were recorded on digital balance and body condition score was calculated (1-5) on weekly basis. Bodily changes of ewes were significantly higher in group B (1.73±0.13 kg/week) followed by group A (1.22±0.07 kg/week) and group C (0.85±0.03 kg/week). The similar pattern was found for birth weight of lambs (group B > group A > group C). Least growth rate of lambs was observed in group C (0.46±0.02) followed by group A (0.75...
Asim Faraz*
... of calves was done by digital scale. Data collected on different parameters was subjected to statistical analysis with 2×2 factorial arrangements of treatments under completely randomized design. After 120 days trial period the mean body weight and average daily gain (ADG) of male and female calves was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IMS as 80.8±2.7, 77.8±2.7 kg and 0.67±0.02, 0.65±0.02 kg/d than EMS as 64.7±2.6...

Hina Maryam1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia1, Ghulam Rasul3, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh3*, Muhammad Qasim4 and Gulnaz Parveen

...od (early March) from Gilgit, Ghizer, Hunza-Nagar and Skardu. Total 18 species of 14 genera under seven families of orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera were identified. Order Diptera was represented by family Syrphidae with four species under three genera. Order Hymenoptera represented four families i.e. Apidae with six species under four genera; Halictidae with two species under two genera; Megachilidae with one species under one genus; and Vespidae w...

Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1 

...riptive statistics and Logit Model. The study revealed that a major proportion (62.5%) of solid waste is generated from domestic sources followed by commercial (26.9%), institutions (5.8%) and industrial (2.9%) sources. While the majority of respondents (81%) were concerned about the unsafe disposal of solid waste and are willing to pay for organic fertilizer alternative to chemical fertilizer for urban agriculture. We also found that socio-economic variables ...

Tahira Moeen Khan*, Irum Riaz, Shahida Hameed and Bushra Khan 

...k LMDS (time= 30mins, agitation speed= 150 rpm, pH= 5, adsorbent dose= 0.1 g). While 85% removal efficiency was observed for Raw date seed husk RDS (time= 45mins, agitation speed=250 rpm, pH= 4 and adsorbent dose= 0.5 g). The adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) and adsorption dynamic kinetic studies were also conducted. The comparison between the FTIR, EDX and SEM of RDS and LMDS revealed that with lemon juice...

Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed

...sions with the help of Logit to investigate the correlates of poverty in the research area. Poverty was found at below for registered members and investigations showed that education, area under cultivation, possession of assets, status of employment, ownership of livestock and jobs of females increased the likelihood of decrease in poverty. Therefore, successful components of this program should be replicated with great care and focus should be given on educa...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,
...al;">contents, longitudinal muscles, and body wall, and in suspended particles and sediment in the ponds. The effect of fish growth on metal concentrations was determined. Simultaneously, the correlations between heavy metal concentrations in suspended particles, sediment, and fish body wall were assessed. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in large intestines, small intestines, and intestine

Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain 

Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...tract infection and meningitis, is increasingly becoming multidrug resistant. The current study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

...e ulcer (13.04%), Interdigital dermatitis (10.87%), Upward patellar fixation (10.87%) and Digital dermatitis (8.69%). The highest prevalence of foot diseases was recorded in female animals (56.52%). The indigenous cattle were comparatively resistant to foot diseases than crossbred animals. One to two years old cattle were mostly affected in our investigation. In the rainy season, FMD, laminitis, and sole ulcer were more comm...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...prevailing strains in Gilgit-Balitistan (GB) territory is scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the seroprevalence of PPRV and to evaluate potential risk factors involved in the transmission of PPR disease in four distinct locations of GB province. We reported occurrence and risk factor analysis of PPR in small ruminants (n=1000) originating from different places in district Gilgit using Hem agglutinati...

I. Erum, K. Nasira, H. Sagir, S. Raza and Firoza, K.

Description of Discolaimus miniodontii n.sp. and Laevides hunderansis n. sp. with notes on Discolaimoides spatilabium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
...from District Ghizer, Gilgit, Baltistan, Pakistan, yielded two new and a known nematode species of the order Dorylaimida viz., Discolaimus miniodontii n. sp. and Laevides manilkarii n. sp.; and a new report of a known species Discolaimoides spatilabium from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Discolaimus miniodontii n. sp., is characterized by having smallest odontostyle (9-10µm); relatively smaller and slende...

Sahib Khan1, Muneeza Wahid2, Muhammad Abeer Irfan1, Muhammad Naeem3, Asma Gul4, Muhammad Haseeb Zafar2

ROW LEVEL IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING EMBEDDED DIGITAL SIGNATURES
...change the contents of digital images with image editing tools and software. This paper is presenting a new technique to detect any changes made in digital images. This technique ensures the integrity of digital image at row level and using embedded digital signatures. Using message digest 5 algorithm, digital signatur...

Sahib Khan1, Muhammad Naeem2, Tawab Khan3, Nasir Ahmad4* 

4LSB BASED DATA HIDING IN COMPLEX REGION OF DIGITAL IMAGES AND ITS EFFECTS ON EDGES AND HISTOGRAM
...he complex region in a digital image is the least sensitive to human visual system (HVS) in term of
changes than smooth region. The data hiding in the complex regions affect the edges and the histogram of the image.
These two may cause the existence of hidden information to be detected. In this paper, the effect on image edges
and histogram is investigated when subjected to true edge based 4 least significant bits (4LSB) steganography. The...

Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1 

AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...nsile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the collagen’s fibers. Compact tension specimen
was used for the fracture toughness, while for young modulus and tensile strength, rectangular flat specimens were
used. The test procedures were similar to ASTM (American standard for testing and measurements) techniques. The
test result revealed reduction in mechanical properties of hip joint bone with the age. 

...

Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1 

PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
...rovinces of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan, Northern and Southern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and central
Balochistan are likely to be subjected to greatest temperature rise in the coming decades. The projections of precipitation changes over Pakistan by different models show greater variability compared to temperature changes. An
increase in precipitation in the range of (1-11%) was projected over Pakistan for the mid century. However, central
...

 Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,

Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
... hour were subjected to agitation cyanidation process at varying dosage of pH from 10 to 11.13 , CaO from 0.5
to 1.5 gm/kg, NaCN varies from 1 gram to 5.93 gram and cyanidation time varies from 0 to 39 hours. The maximum
grade of 71.82 ppm with 99.03% extraction/recovery of gold and 34.34 ppm with 73.83% extraction of silver was
obtained for 30 minutes ground sample at dosage of sodium cyanide (NaCN) of 5.33 gram, pH 10.40, ...

Saeed Gul*, Muhammad Irfan*, Hazrat Bilal*, Atta-ur-rehman*, Umair Khan*, Sadaqat ullah khan*

RECYCLING OF USED ENGINE OIL USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND DISTILLATION
...ameters considered were agitator speed for blending, boiler temperature and solvent to used oil ratio. The maximum recovery for refined oil was 72% using solvent to used oil ratio of 9:1 at a boiler temperature 120° C and agitator speed of 600 rpm. The maximum solvent recovery of 98% was also obtained at the same process conditions.
...

Farid Ullah Khan*

ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...rph thermally actuated digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) are also fabricated by the same generic fabrication process in order to show the practical utility of this research in the field of MEMS. The DMDs actuated by BTAs, are easy to fabricate and can scan through larger angles as compared to electrostatically actuated DMDs.
...

Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4

Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...the governments’ digital initiative program to build farmers capacity about the use of the ICTs in agriculture practices and marketing.

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Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen

... micronutrient status. Digital maps thus developed using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) would help to apply micronutrients more precisely and site-specifically.  

...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*, Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*, Mubashir Ahmad Malik1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Ali3, Ejaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Tahir2 and Muhammad Ashraf2
...rs were observed using digital camera and PCR technique, respectively. For molecular identification, DNA was extracted through CTAB method and polymerase chain reaction was performed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene based primers. Gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of desert locustsindicated a 710bp amplified DNA fragment on 1.5% agarose gel. DNA sequence analysis of PCR product indicated that specimens shared a 99-100% identity with

Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*

...s study was to compare sagittal morphometric features between Liza haematocheilus stocks in the China coasts at the Ying Kou, Dong Ying, Qing Dao, Wen Zhou and Guang Zhou regions and test a complementary method to quantify the variation of sagittal shapes to discriminate L. haematocheilus stocks. The sagitta variation of five L. haematocheilus stocks was examine...
Murtaza, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Mehran Ahmad, Irfan Ullah and Jahangir Khan
Adoption of Hybrid Maize Technology in District Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ampling technique. The logit model was used to measure the probability of adoption of hybrid maize technology. The estimated results of the model revealed that younger farmers were comparatively more adoptive of the hybrid maize technology. Education level, number of adult males involved in agriculture and land holdings of the farmers affected the adoption of the hybrid maize technology positively. The owners as compared to tenants and farmers having main sour...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...text-align: justify;">Gilgit-Baltistan’s economy is mostly based on subsistence crops production. The ecosystem of mountain is fragile and tends to be relatively low productive due to number of factors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to know the opportunities of productivity due to improving the technical efficiency of maize crop, and to determine the factors which influence maize production in high mountains of Pakistan. For this purpose, initia...
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami*, Andin Muhammad Abduh, Eko Hanudin and Benito Heru Purwanto
Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
... cropping system with longitudinal rows given space in between. The distance between plants within a row is 12.5 cm, and the distance between rows is 25 cm. A PFA of 50 cm is given for every two rows of rice plants. The before-mentioned cropping system is called Jarwo 2:1. The fertilization treatment for both rice cropping systems was the same, which is a mixture of cow manure and neem compost (1:1) at doses of 0, 3, 6, and 9 ton ha-1. The research data are pr...

Muhammad Nauman, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mehreen Hanif, Hafsah Ghaffar, Muhammad Shahid and Syed Haroon Masood Bokhari

Management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) by using Microwave Oven
...efore, in this study a digital microwave oven of 50 Hz is used to determine the mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) adults. Grain samples of 20 g in each petri dish were infested with both adults and exposed to microwaves for 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 sec. For germination determination 25 seeds from each treatment were selected. Results indicates that increase in exposure time also increase the mortality but it reduces the...
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
... Shin ethnic group in Gilgit-Baltistan, the northern most territory of Pakistan. Phlebotomy was performed for a total of 79 maternally unrelated Shin volunteers. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples and subjected to PCR amplification using specific primers for the control region of mtDNA (covering positions 16024–16569 and 1–576), including the three hypervariable segments (HVS1, HVS2, HVS3). The PCR products were subjected to cycle s...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...m field water samples. Digital PCR results further revealed that the average eDNA concentration of Sepiella japonica extracted by three kits were (4.62 ± 0.72) × 105, (3.83 ± 0.56) × 105, and (2.35 ± 0.27) × 105 copies/300 ml, respectively. The eDNA concentrations by AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit were about 83% of that extracted by DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit. However, extracting c...

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...ge;3.00 and estimating logit model. Socio demographic features revealed that majority (52%) were in middle age group of 41-50 years, 64% were literate, while 68% respondents had farming as their income source and land owners were 64% with small landholding (46%). The study exposed that illiteracy of the respondents (4.10), et al system (3.98), lack of trained machinery operators (4.27), access of roads to the farm (4.45), adequate capital (4.00) and costly inp...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...ude the need to bridge digital divide, implementation of strategies for a better interface with development partners and optimization of the use indigenous mitigation strategies for climate change. The review recommends that essential strategies that must be in-cooperated in the extension service delivery in Nigeria should include adoption of new scenario thinking in communicating resilience building, establishment of emergency management unit by the agency, e...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
... were determined using digital Brix refractometer (Atago RX-1000) and serum total protein (STP) in cows and calves were analyzed by chemistry analyzer (Procan PS-520). Overall Achai breed of cattle showed highest mean value for pre and postpartum serum immunoglobulin (11.78 ± 0.92 mg/ml, 10.00 ± 1.09 mg/ml) than Jersey breed (9.80 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 7.86 ± 1.01 mg/ml) and HF breed (7.86 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 6.43 ± 0.92mg/ml) respe...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...yzed using Multinomial Logit Model, Gini-Coefficient, Double-Log Regression Model, (Cobb-Douglas) and Principal Component Analysis. The results of the Multinomial Logit regression model show that among the significant factors that influence the choice of rice market outlets were: sex of the household head (P<0.10), educational level (P<0.10), access to credit facilities (P<0.05), extension services (P<0.01), pric...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
...tatus of cash crop in Gilgit Baltistan. White grub is most destructive insect pest damaging potato tubers and causes economic loss of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted with an aim to develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia sieversiana, Peganum harmalla and Tagetes minuta were evaluated against white grub under field conditio...
Muhammad Bilal Anwar1, Mirza Azhar Beg1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1*, Syed Israr Shah1, Sajida Noureen2
Muhammad Mushtaq1 and Tariq Mahmood3
...gical significance. Regurgitated pellets of three owl species (n = 434) were collected seasonally from the study area. The food of the spotted owlet and eurasian eagle owl was found significantly different (P< 0.05) across seasons whereas no seasonal differences were seen in collared owlet’s prey resources. Insects of four orders dominated in the diet of collared owlet (50 %) and spotted owlet (56.62 %) whereas the major portion of the f...
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
...e, 1832) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) is reported with colour variations like scape, pedicel and basal part of antennal segment 3 slightly darker than remaining segments, scutellum and mesopleura mostly dark reddish with some darker areas, legs also reddish brown except tarsal segments lighter in colouration. Suspected trophic associations with Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) via Aphis nerii onCalotropis procera (Ait.) Ait an...
Dara Jaff1,2* and Michael C. Jarvis
...s than increasing the longitudinal modulus of the straw material.
...

Monoar Pallab*, Moktadir Reza and Debashish Sarker

...while grazing. A deep longitudinal infected teat laceration was noticed. Milk was still coming through fibrosed teat cannel. The lacerated part was sutured after scarification under sedation and regional anesthesia. A small portion of saline tube was inserted into the teat cannel to maintain the flow of milk and prevent adhesion during healing. Muscle and skin were closed by interrupted and continuous sutures respectively. The animal recovered without any comp...

Hira Soofi, Abdul Rasool Abbasi and Arifa Bhutto

...cimens were dissected longitudinally, viscera put into petri dishes for examination of nematodes and were process through standard method of temporary slide. A new species, Contracaecum malhi, were identifed in having differential diagnostic characters such as body shape and size, shape of cephalic end and its structures, ventricular shape, spicule shape and size, numbers and arrangement of caudal papillae, posterior end with 3 rectal gland and large spine at ...

Qaiser Shakeel1*, Rabia Tahir Bajwa1­, Yasir Iftikhar2, Mustansar Mubeen2, Muhammad Luqman3, Waqas Ashraf1 and Ifrah Rashid4

...ty against Penicillium digitatum, a plant pathogenic fungi responsible for ginger soft rot. Petri dish were used to conduct bioassay through poisoned food technique with triplicates. The crude extract of all the plants showed a better inhibitory effects on the pathogen’s (P. digitatum) mycelial growth rather than fungicides. Among all the plant extracts, the best result was showed by garlic extract with 87% of mycelial...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
...le hemorrhage or inter-digital dermatitis. It was concluded that lameness and hoof lesions are important health problems in studied commercial dairy herds. The occurrence of lameness could be reduced in dairy herds if producers become aware of the associated risk factors, and improve management practices related to cows, environment and facility design.
...

Sagir Hussain*, Qamar Abbas, Abdur Razzaq and Sher Wali Khan

...c nematode fauna from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, four cyst nematode species viz., Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924; H. mani Mathews,1971; H. schachtii Schmidt, 1871 and H. zeae Koshy, Swarup and Sethi, 1971 were detected from all four districts.

...
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
...vely dry mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is categorized as a Least Concern species globally as well as in Pakistan, however its presence in the Karakorum mountain plays a significant role in the economy of the region as dozens of trophy hunting of this specie takes place in the region every year and generates handsome money to the local inhabitants of the mountainous community. The characteristic habitat analysis and preference was important...

Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4

...ar Topographic Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) based surface dynamic indices (drainage density-DD, topographic surface roughness-TSR) to constrain the neotectonics of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis (NPS) in Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Pakistan). This study aims to assess the active surface deformation based on the DD and TSR techniques. These are the interrelated procedures, i.e. TSR investigation may be used to distinguish...

Gulnaz Ismaylova

...reas was prepared in a digital database using geographic spatial analysis using the ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) program. 

...
Jing Yu1*, Yao Lu1,2, Zhaojin Lin1, Pimao Chen1 and Yuting Feng1,3
...) and water Depth from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were used to build the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model, based on Maximum Model (MAXM), Minimum Model (MINM), Arithmetic Mean Model (AMM), and Geometric Mean Model (GMM). Results showed that the accuracy of the HSI model was 80%. HSI model built for fish-egg density during April, May and June based on GMM and MINM had the highest accuracy. High HSI area was mainly distributed in the eastern Leizhou Peni...

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

...l groundnut varieties. Logit model was estimated to determine the factors affecting the adoption of improved groundnut varieties. The empirical findings suggested that the input elasticity of production of improved groundnut varieties was greater than that of conventional ones. Most of the farmers considered the improved varieties superior to the conventional ones in respect of their yield, pod size and marketing, and inferior in respect of their taste, local ...
Naveed Farah1*, Izhar Ahmad Khan1, Asif Ali Abro2, Jehanzeb Masood Cheema3 and Muhammad Luqman4*
...ction and at first, a longitudinal analysis of Landsat imagery of land use was done through GIS and Remote Sensing for a time period of 2001-2016. The results of GIS analysis revealed that during the period 2001 to 2016, Faisalabad showed 24% increase in urban area and 23 % of this expansion consumed agricultural land. In Sahiwal, urban land has increased by 21 %, which encroached 13 % of agricultural land and 8 % bare land. Qualitative and quantitative data s...

Mohammed Sirajul Islam1,2*, Nurhusien Yimer1*, Wahid Haron1 , Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1, Mark Hiew Wen Han1, Mamat-Hamidi Kamalludin3, Wan-Nor Fitri1, Ubedullah Kaka4, Abdul Quddus1,5 

...nbsp;using a digital animal weighing scale. Age at sexual maturity was determined by the time of semen ejaculation and quality. The results revealed significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight in KK × Brangus bulls (230.50±9.3 kg) as compared to the pure-bred KK bulls (204.5 ±13.2 kg) at 24 months of ages. KK bulls attained sexual maturity at an earlier age of 21.5±0.4 months, while...
Seble Mulugeta1 and Amenu Leta2*
...istics and multinomial logit and the binary logit model were used to analysis the data . The descriptive result revealed that a total of samples 37 (17.6%) were adopter of modern energy sources, 50(23.8%) were adopter of both traditional and renewable energy technology, and 123 (58.6%) were user of traditional energy source. The binary logit model revealed that age, family size, education,...

Najeeb Ullah1*, Adnan Ihsan1, Syed Fahad Shah1, Kamran Sohail1, Muhammad Sohail Khan1 and Said Hussain Shah2

...gical descriptions and digital images are provided. 

...

Shoaib Hameed1, Shakeel Ahmad1, Jaffar Ud Din2 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz3*

...ty with brown bear in Gilgit-Baltistan towards the east and with Afghan populations towards the west.

...
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...ted through Probit and Logit analysis (POLO) software. All the plant extracts and their green synthesized AgNPs caused the maximum mortalities of 3rd and 4th larval instars of C. pipiens after 96 hours. With the increase in time intervals and concentrations, the mortalities increased showing direct positive relationships between mortalities and time intervals and concentrations. The lethal and sub lethal effects of plant extracts on the mean development of lar...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
... (BW) were measured by digital slide calipers and an electric balance, respectively. A total of 303 individuals (male = 140, female = 163) were collected from the fishers catch during January to December, 2016. The overall SR differed statistically from the expected 1:1 ratio (df = 1, χ2 = 4.06, P ˃ 0.05). The TL of males and females ranged from 2.7–4.7 cm vs. 2.8–5.0 cm, respectively. The LFDs showed that the 3.99-4.49 cm TL size group was nu...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...nd non-availability of digital records were reported among major constraints in exploiting the genetic worth of Kashmir Merino sheep. However, owing to the high production potential of this breed, its conservation, and selective breeding are highly recommended and there is a need for further research to understand the potential of this breed more comprehensively.
 
Keywords | Kashmir Merino, Sheep, Growth, Performance, Reproduction...

Abid Hussain1*, Saifullah Khan2, Shamas Liaqat3 and Shafiullah4 

...elated sub-sectors in Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral regions of Pakistan. The regions are unique in topographical and agricultural perspective from other areas of the country. Cultivated area is just 0.57% of the geographical area. Operational per capita land holding in the region is just 0.05 ha (less than 500 m2) which is insufficient to produce sufficient amount of food to feed a person throughout the year. The arable land in the region is 1.37% of the geogra...

Ejaz Ali and Nageen Hussain*

...s were collected from Gilgit-Baltistan for DNA isolation and PCR was done by using a specific primer while sequencing was done by Sanger sequencing. Mutations were detected by Mutation Surveyor and BLAST. Protein structures of both control and mutated samples were constructed by PHYRE2 and visualized by the software PyMOL. The detected mutations were 380G>A (R127H), 457G>A (V153I), 36T>C (G12G), 496C>T (L166L), 650 delA and 79G>A (V27I). This st...

Zunping Ke1, Chao Li2, Qiang Liu3, Gang Bai4, Junfeng Wang5, Ming Zhou5 and Xiao Dong5,*

...um. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was solved by contract tricuspid ring using an autopericardial ring. The patient recovered well after surgery and without any symptom in 12 months’ follow up. In this study, we reported a TOF patient with coronary artery to bronchial arterial fistula survived to undertake surgery until in a very old age. Though we could not find out the fistula during surgery, on account of the left-to right shunt caused by the fistula, ...
Adnan Ihsan*, Najeeb Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Syed Fahad Shah, Misbahullah, Riaz Hussain and Jawad Sarwar
...gical descriptions and digital images of the recorded species are provided.

...
Ateeq-Ur-Rauf1*,Wisal Khan1, Muhammad Salman Rafi2 and Nauman Khan3
...ations of UIB (Drosh, Gilgit, Astore, Gupiz and Skardu) were selected for study, mean monthly precipitation and temperature data were collected for a period of (1980 to 2014) from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). A non-parametric Mann-Kendall test with a 5% significance level was used for trend analysis. Study revealed the fact that except substation Astore all other substations’ precipitation trend is reciprocating temperature trend. Strangely ...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Shakeela Ismail1, Faraz Akrim2, Muhammad Farooq1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Muhammad Raza Khan1

Mohammad Belal Shaker1, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb2,3*, Marwa Magdy Seliem4, Wageh Sobhy Darwish3, Bassam Abdulla Alhawas2, Ahmed E. Tharwat3
...o cause septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis with high mortalities in immune-compromised persons. This international collaborative research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., particularly A. hydrophila in three crustaceans (crab, lobster, and shrimp) retailed in Zagazig, Egypt, and Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Detection of virulence associated genes in the recovered A. hydrophila isolates was additionally screened using...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

...udgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each farmer of the FBS approach had a mean profit of ₦ 81,134.65 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.09. The results of logistic regression revealed that the age of cocoa farmer, level of education, extension contact, farm size and cocoa annual income are major determinants influencing the utilization of FBS approach. The study concluded that the utilization of ...
Muhammad Jalees
...rofit. With the use of digital medium, the telecom industry in Pakistan can utilize its website platform to attract the customer’s demand and its supply chain revenue to achieve a competitive advantage.
...
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar2, Fiaz Hussain3, Hafiz Wasif Javaad4, Inam ul Haq5* and Humara Umar
...es namely Black Ball, Gilgit Selection and Swat Local under the climatic conditions of Soan Valley, District Khushab; Punjab Pakistan during two consecutive years (2017 and 2018). Flowering in studied cultivars started from the end of March to mid-April. Maturity timing in all three cultivars ranged from early June to late June. Fruit of Black Ball cultivar matured earlier (first week of June) as compared to Gilgit Selection...

Veasna Chem1 †, Hong-Seok Mun1,2 †, Keiven Mark B. Ampode1, Shad Mahfuz1, Il-Byung Chung1, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,3, Chul-Ju Yang1,3,* 

... rate and little size. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) technology can easily recognize and detect animals’ temperature changes, which would be useful in farm animal production. This study investigates the possibility of replacing a contact thermometer with a non-contact thermometer and digital infrared thermal imaging camera (DITI) to detect the estrus of gilts. Seven gilts (129.21±2.51kg) were considere...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

... of Pakistan, between longitude 70o–75o and latitude 33o–35o. The AJandK large population around 80% lives in rural areas and they are dependents on agriculture directly or indirectly. The government of AJandK has started agricultural education program for the students at the school level. The current study was carried out to examine and evaluate agriculture teachers’ competencies levels that are teaching agriculture subject at school level i...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3 

...alis carabauesis) with digital-based marketing. This research has been carried out from January to June 2022 in Paminggir District, Hulu Sungai Regency, North of South Kalimantan Province. The methods used in this study are survey and observation methods. Data collection carried out includes; purposive sampling and accidental sampling techniques with the main respondents, namely breeders, collecting merchants, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. The number ...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1*, Katreen K.G.2, M.W. Abd Al-Azeem1, Faysal A. Wasel2, Ahmed M. Abd-Eldayem3 

...vasive listeriosis, meningitis and abortion in humans. With particular emphasis on Listeria monocytogenes’ capacity to form biofilms, antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence determinants, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presence of Listeria species in raw milk. In total, 150 samples of raw milk from vendors and nearby dairy farms in Sohag, Egypt, were collected. The samples underwent a bacteriological investigation. The results showed ...

Most. Shakila Sarmin1,2, Md. Ashekur Rahman1,2, Most. Farida Parvin2,3, Mst. Shefaly Khatun4, Kazi Ahsan Habib5, Wasim Sabbir6, Jun Ohtomi7 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...o 0.01 cm as well as a digital balance is used to weigh body weight (BW) to 0.01 g precision. The size structure (length-frequency distributions, LFDs) indicated that the males with TL 22.0-22.9 cm and females with 29.0-29.9 cm size group were statistically more appeared. The TL and BW varied between 11.5-53.0 cm and 27.6 to 1228.0 g for males, and 18.2-45.0 cm and 57.0 to 728.0 g for females. The length-weight relations (LWRs) were significantly correlated (p...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...21 in district Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, this study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal variability of two species of fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis, in apricot fruit orchards. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the species and month to month. B. zonata had a substantially larger population than B. dorsalis. To predict the spatial variability of fruit fly species, geostatistical analytic techniques...

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

...r Method, and a binary logit analysis was conducted to identify its determinants. Data set of 3035 rural households, extracted from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement survey (2018-19), was grouped into three geo-climate zones (Northern, Central and Southern zones). Results from data analysis revealed that 46.6 percent of the sampled rural households were multidimensional poor and the derived Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), at 0.30 cutoff lev...

H. Sagir and Y. I. Erum†

...
crop fields of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The new species is characterized by punctuation on the entire body and with
rounded and smooth tail terminus. This species comes close to M. montanus and M. khuzdarensis, but differs from
M. montanus in having pointed tail terminus and from M. khuzdarensis by longer stylet. The taxonomic studies on
Boleodorus volutus, Merlinius alboranensis, Parat...

K. A. Tabassum,† J. Salma and H. Sagir

...ey of District Hunza, Gilgit and Nager, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan was conducted during January, 2017. Out
of 20 soil samples, 6 samples were found positive for Steinernema species. One sample of Prunus avium had
Steinernema affine from Hunza, two samples had S. cholashanense from Juglans nigra and Malus pumila from
Gilgit, and three samples harboured S....

Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva1, Patimat Mitkhatovna Daniyalova1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2*, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov3 

...herek, R. Chegem, R. Gizhgit, R. Kendelen, R. Kichmalka, R. Khaznidon, R. Sukan-su.at 12.00-30.0% of the samples, eggs of Trichocephalus ovis (Abildgaard, 1795) and Trichocephalus skrjabini (Baskakow, 1924) were found. Study of the dynamics of soil pollution by eggs of the genus Trichocephalus (Schrank, 1788) in the mountainous zone in 2017–2020. revealed moderate pollution of water and soil samples from reservoirs with a tendency to increase from 13.0 t...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...iated with fibrous cholangitis and an abundance of inflammatory cells with accumulated bile pigment (hemosiderin) in the dilated bile ducts.
 
Keywords | Biochemical, Histopathological, Fasciolosis in Bubalus bubalis
...

Salahud Din

...metric features of the digit bones of Chinkara. The osteometry were performed manually through a digital vernier calliper on twenty (20) adult Chinkara (10 each male and females). The digits of Chinkara in each limb comprised the lateral and medial proximal, middle and distal phalanx. The first two phalanges were long bones. The shaft of the phalanx proximalis (P1) was thick proximally tha...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Iqra Javed1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Muhammad Abrar Yousaf1
... h incubation period in agitated condition with substrate particle size of 4mm during one factor at a time optimization. Concentrations of medium components (3.75% tannic acid, 0.75% K2HPO4 and 1.25% yeast extract) were optimized with central composite design of response surface methodology. Tannase characterization data revealed that 5.0 pH, 30°C temperature, 60 minutes incubation and 0.45% of substrate concentration showed highest tannase activity. The r...
 
 SAFDAR ALI KHAN1, FARHEEN ANSARI1, SANWAL ASLAM2*, AMJAD HUSSAIN3, MUREED HUSSAIN1, MAJID MAHMOOD4, ALI MUHAMMAD4, RAHMAT ALI1 , ASAD ASLAM3 AND FATIMA ALI

Usman Ali1,2*, Basharat Ahmad1, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Muhammad Kabir3, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Liaqat Ali Khan1 and Muhammad Bashir Khan1

... extended habitats of Gilgit Baltistan and Mansehra regions of Pakistan.

...

A. S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

... slightly flexuous in longitudinal and cross sections of PAMV infected cells: the Vitus induced different abnormalities in the structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria. The CP genes of PAMV were detected using RT-PCR with specific primers. 

...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...eight at the withers; Longitudinal body diameter; Thoracic perimeter; Bicostal diameter; Sternal dorsal diameter; Rump width; Rump length; Height at the rump; Leg perimeter; Height at hock; Metacarpus perimeter and Metatarsus perimeter. Data were processed using R statistical software. The correlation of the main morphological characteristics were significant and high. Age significantly influences morphological characteristics, showing high correlations betwee...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...interest free loan and digitalization to update timely information regarding weather and markets for improving rural livelihood.

...

Thekra Fadel Saleh, Omar Younis Altaey*

...al crypts compared to longitudinal crypts. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher levels of lymph follicles and B lymphocytes in the proximal portion compared to the middle and distal portions. The complex architecture suggests that caeca in Muscovy duck play a significant role in microbial digestion and immunological functionality and Insight into caecal morphology enhance bird’s productivity and health.
 
Keywords | B...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

...-align: justify;">The Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region of Pakistan was free from plant diseases and pests. However, plant diseases and pests intensities are increasing and threatening the food security of GB. These plant diseases and pests seem to be exacerbated by climate change and transmitted to GB from other regions with food supplies and spillover. In addition, the evolution of new pathogen and pest strains causes catastrophes to GB’s cereal and horticu...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

...ly for irrigation. The Logit model investigated the impact of climate change was responsible for 73 percent variation in groundwater level. These climate factors included precipitation (Rainfall), temperature, humidity and delayed seasons. Rain patterns such as decrease in rainfalls with low frequencies showed positively significant impact on the groundwater level as climate factor and decline in rainfall showed significant positive effect. Groundwater was als...

Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4

Adnan Ihsan1*, Najeeb Ullah1, Riaz Hussain2, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1 and Waqar Khan1

...ogical description and digital images of the identified species and genus are given.

...

Sagir Hussain1, Erum Iqbal2*, Nasira Kazi2, Sher Wali Khan1, Qamar Abbas1 and Abdul Razaq1

...veys of the districts Gilgit and Nager, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The analysis of samples yielded a new nematode species and two new reported species belonging to the order Tylenchida as new geographical records for Pakistan. Hemicycliophora pyri n. sp., is characterized by the broadly rounded lip region with two indistinct annuli, closely fitting sheath with 231-247 body annuli, stylet 95-100 µm long, non-raised and...

Rida Ahmad1,2*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Usman Ahmad3, Safdar Sidra4, Irfan Zainab2, Muhammad Furqan2, Aliza Batool1,2 and Zaidi Zona2

... Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Gilgit Baltistan (GB). Data were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 using point count technique. Thirty points were selected from each habitat. A total of 175 species and 24,933 individuals belonging to 16 orders and 55 families were recorded. Human settlements had the highest species richness (106) while Dry Temperate habitat had the highest value of species diversity (H’=3.71). The most abundant species were Common Myna Acrid...

Sumei Zeng and Yong Zhang*

...s (IOT) as an emerging digital technology has led to a new direction of innovative research in the field of animal husbandry. IOT technology has a variety of applications in the economic productivity of the livestock and poultry industry. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank IOT applications in dairy cattle industry productivity with a multi-criteria decision making approach and using the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. Evaluation...

Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1

Sami Ullah1, Choudary Ihtasham Ali1, Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*, Shoaib Nasir1 and Amjad Masood2
.... We have employed the logit model to examine the effect of various factors on choice variables. The results indicate that health concerns, urban locality, age, education, family size, and income significantly influence the preference for oil over vanaspati ghee. At the same time, the taste has a negative and significant influence on the choice of vegetable oil. The estimates indicate that the highest income group in the data prefers edible oil more than the l...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...s; ruminal tympany, regurgitation of reticuloruminal contents, aspiration of refluxed material or saliva, hypoventilation, hypotension and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Ketamine (injectable) is a commonly used general anaesthetic agent in veterinary practice. Injectable anesthetics offer the advantage of requiring less expensive equipment. Isoflurane (inhalant) provides a very rapid and smooth induction and recovery. Pre-anesthetic medications are used to ...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5

Shakirat Bolatito Ibrahim1, Raheem Olatunji Aminu1,2*, Aisha Olushola Arowolo1 and Adams Sanusi Musa1

...pectively. The ordered logit result indicates that gender, farmer association, cooperative society, extension visits, access to credit, remittances, and land ownership significantly influenced household dietary diversity status. In the logit model, age, household size, land ownership, cooperative society, extension visits, credit availability, land rights, and distance to medical centres are significantly correlated with foo...

Umar Salisu Ahmad1, Adamu Abdul Abubakar1,2*, Hassan Abubakar Bodinga1, Nura Abubakar1, Ekaete Ime Oviawe1, Zaid Shehu3, Abubakar Musa Mayaki3

... intake, absence of regurgitation, recumbency, ventral abnormal swelling and absence of defecation. In case I, the rectal temperature was 37.1OC, the pulse rate was 69 beats per minute, and the respiratory rate was 32 cycles per minute. The calf was weak and recumbent, with enlargement of the ventrolateral abdomen, which was more to the left and hard on palpation. Unfortunately, the calf died before any intervention, and the carcass was submitted for necropsy ...

Waheed Ali Panhwar1*, Mehtab Ali Mahar2 and Abdul Manan Shaikh3

... of species along with digital images are provided for the first time. Hopefully, present study will provide a firm basis for future researchers concerned with this group.

...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...s were recorded with a digital camera (HDR AS15, Sony, Tokyo, Japan) for 2 h. This was conducted 3 times per day. The videos were then analyzed to determine the frequency of visits, duration of stay at the feeder, frequency of pecking on food items, and number of consumed food items. Moreover, social behaviors were analyzed. In this study, we used peanuts as high-fat food type. Peanuts were consumed at the highest frequency by marsh tits (Poecile palustris), g...

Muhammad Ayub1*, Syed Arif Husain Rizvi2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Musa Ali Hashmi4, Iqbal Hussain5, Shahid Hussain1, Zakir Hussain1 and Rehmat Kabir6 

...rest trees in Skardu (Gilgit-Baltistan). Currently, its management relies on the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. The massive use of these synthetic chemical insecticides results in environmental pollution. Therefore, combining integrated pest management strategies is considered a practical approach to control this pest. During 2019-20, the individual and combined effects of cultural control techniques including soil racking, egg burning, and egg remova...
Saliha Bashir*, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Anjum and Ahmad Ali Shahid
... province of Pakistan. Digital images of eyes and skin were examined by investigators to determine color using Fitzpatrick Phototype Scale. Similarly, iris patterns were characterized by Edward iris feature software and association studies were conducted through SPSS program. Intermediate eye color was frequent in KPK (44%) while brown was higher in Punjab (47%). Contrarily, light to medium brown skin color was recurring (55%) in Punjab whereas lighter skin co...
Asad Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2, Muhammad Lateef3, Imrana Niaz Sultan4, Afrasiab Khan Tareen4 and Muhammad Waseem Khan4,5*

Abdul Hassan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...study used multinomial logit model for determining the connection amongst livelihood asset and livelihood strategies. Average index value of livelihood asset was 0.297 in the area, that indicates the disadvantageous nature in livelihood asset of agricultural households, uncovering the subtle living standard of agricultural households and lacking prospects of economic development. The research findings reveal that human capital, financial and social capital of ...

Kadhim Kh. K. Al-Khayat1*, Athmar K. A. Al-Azawi2

...ed and abdomen opened longitudinally to looking for any cyst may be founded grossly in the peritoneal cavity or on the visceral organs, all cysts were examined for their structures scolex, membrane and the size measurements. The fluid was collected from each cyst for measurement the volume, and some cysts were stained with a cetoacetic acid carmine stain to seen the structure of cysts. To confirm the diagnosis of C. pisiformis (scolex and part of membrane) fro...

Hossam F. Abou-Shaara

...and width, wax mirror longitudinal and wax mirror transversal) used as indicators to body size and the development of glands. These characteristics showed higher values in yeast group than the other groups. In light of this study, yeast feeding is promising and recommended as a simple pollen substitute followed by corn flour while turmeric is not preferred.

...

Shamsa Jabeen and Javed Iqbal Qazi*

...ice following extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscle grafting. Blood from the intact control as well as experimental and EDL muscle grafted mice was secured on day 3, 5, 7 and 14 post-transplantations. CK activity of control and EDL muscle grafted mice with probiotics showed 157% and 130% increase, respectively on day 5, whereas on 14th days post-transplantation CK values showed 45.6% and 4%, respectively increase compared with the values of intact control. T...

Waseem Abbas1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Hasina Baloch1,  Muhammad Abubakar3, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro1, Neluma Wali2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi1, Azhar Ali Laghari4, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rani Wagan1 and Mehkar Hussain5

... yak, zo and cow from Gilgit and Nagar districts of Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis were recorded during this study. Confirmation of Brucella abortus in serum was carried out using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Seroprevalence at district Gilgit was recorded 6.66% in cows and 6.66% in yak whi...

ADEEBA SYED1, DILAWAR HUSSAIN2, UZMA RAFI1 & SUMAIRA MAZHAR1*

...ns were examined under digital microscope. Pronounced histological changes like necrosis, infiltration, atrophy, shrinkage and degeneration of intestine was observed for different CPF concentrations. Kidney sections of Labeo rohita under different CPF concentrations exhibited nuclear hypertrophy, vacuolar degeneration of glomeruli, and occlusion of tubular lumen, cloudy swelling degeneration and hyaline droplets degeneration. In the liver tissue prominent hist...

Inayat ul Islam1, Rooh Ullah1, Ahmed Zia2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Maryum Ilyas2, Sohail Hayat1 and Khabab Hayat1

...titude 35.3356°N, Longitude 72.0468°E and altitude of 1840.57m within the Himalayan foothills in the northwestern Pakistan. Present study brought forward first data for the Odonata fauna inhabiting Dir Upper since inception of Pakistan. The areas represent one of the many ecologies that remain ignored and neglected for insect faunal surveys due to multiple factors like lack of education, awareness, social barriers and uncertain ground conditions being ...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

... framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

... framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...
Qun Lu1,4, Yang Zhou1, Hangyu Lin1,4, Zhong tang He1, Feifan Ma1, Yonghua Zheng1,2, Hongyu Tang1,2 and Tao He1,2,3*
... the micro-features of sagittal otoliths of Schizothorax grahami and Spinibarbus sinensis were analyzed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results of age identification showed that Sc. grahami and Sp. sinensis did not reach the age of sexual maturity. The linear discriminant analysis of otolith shape-index analysis can effectively distinguish the otolith shape of the two kinds of fish. The highest content of five chemical elements in otolith is Ca,...

Adil Hussain1*, Muhammad Qasim Hayat22 and Syed Ali Imran Bokhari1

...rlotorum Lamotte from Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan by investigating its geographical distribution and phylogenetic analysis. To date, we have observed this species in stony landscapes of Ghizer district of Gilgit-Baltistan. Phylogenetic analysis of A. verlotiorum with maximum likelihood approach using its ETS (External transcribed spacer)and ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) of nrDNA sequences showed its resemblance w...

Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1

... (27.21%), followed by Digiteria sanguinalis (14.87), Cyperus rotundus (12.96) and Euphorbia prostrata (5.12). Parthenium hysterophorus L. an invasive alien weed was recorded in almost all the sites with a density of (2.6 m-2) in the non-field areas particularly, followed by (0.85 m-2) in field crop and (0.8 m-2) in orchards and with a mean density of (1.42 m-2) and a relative density of (1.52%) across all locations. Similarly, another invasive weed Broussonet...

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...lign: justify;">Remote digital necropsy (RDN) in cattle is a systematic method of post mortem diagnostic remotely, with the aim of increasing knowledge about deaths. The method is based on a standardized, systematic approach to opening and photo documenting dead cattle on farm. Images are sent to a bovine practitioner, experienced in interpreting gross lesions, for analysis. In this pilot study, education and training sessions on the RDN method were administer...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

... was characterized by longitudinal and translational folds along the entire inner surface. Histologically, both organs were composed of the same four basic layers. Due to some of its distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, this animal species is valuable as a model in numerous scientific investigations. Therefore, this study sheds light on the histomorphological and histochemical properties of these organs, supporting further studies on vital di...

Arshama Sheraz1, Shabir Ahmed1*, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Wali Khan2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Fiza Sadiq Awan1

... were made using a non-digital vernier caliper with a resolution of 0.05 mm. HW, HL, SVL, TFL, THL, TBL, HnL, TD, END, IND, IOD, ED, LF, LH, FAL, LHU, UEW, PL, and PW were all measured. This research discovered that D. melanostictus and E. cyanophlyctis were also found but in lower numbers than D. stomaticus. The District had the lowest amount of H tigerinus as well as N. liebigii records. There is need to discovered more amphibians fauna in the District Abbot...
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
... Waziristan, Chitral, Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jamu & Kashmir (Sherani and Urooj, 2019). As the potential economic benefits of Chilghoza to local livelihoods is worth billions of rupees annually thus economic importance is always given priority and its most important role of the maintenance and protection of vital ecosystem services (e.g. carbon storage and climate change mitigation, soil and flood protection, wildlife habitat, water recharge, watershed conse...
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ismail2 and Kiramat Husain3
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Iftikhar2, Sajjad Ahmad3, Ayaz Khan4 and Sultan Muhammad5
...Cedrus deodara of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB). Data was collected from 52 sample trees which were measured for the study in natural dry temperate forests of Gilgit-Baltistan. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and total height of the sample tree were measured before felling. After felling, the bole was cut into 2m logs with end log of variable length. The over bark mid diameter of the log and its length were measured for determin...
Islam Ullah Shah, Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Sultan Muhammad
...ley, District Diamir, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan" was carried out in Chilghoza forest of Hudurd valley, District Diamer. The study area is situated in the foothills of Hindukush Mountain Range at an elevation of 2500 to 5000 m with an area of 334.295 km2. The main objective of the study is to find out the current status of Chilghoza forest in Huder Valley. Data on Pinus gerardiana was collected through Point-Centered Quarter Method from 8...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...s and the province of Gilgit Baltistan. The monsoon precipitation is observed in south to the snowfall areas, overlapping some of the snowfall areas in the catchment of river Indus. When the snow accumulated during the winter in the extreme north of the country melts during the summer, about half million cusecs water is produced in Indus river. The water resulted from the snow melting on its way flowing towards south, joins the runoff water of the same quantit...
Naveed Ahmed
...h the bark which made longitudinal tunnels in affected part....
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
..., Dioscorea deltoidea, Digitalis spp., Berberis lycium, Geranium wallichianum, Berginia ciliata, Solanum nigrum etc., for supply of quality seed and planting stock for other areas. Medicinal plants are a valuable natural resource and regarded as future of safe drugs. Sustainable management of this renewable natural resource is an important issue which needs to be discussed at national level. Because it not only provides basic raw material for the pr...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...5o Eastern Longitude. Out of total land area of Pakistan, 26.6 million hectares comprised of the uplands where the critical watersheds of the various zones are located, however it is highly regretted to state that due to anthropogenic pressure about 60-70% of these watersheds are in depleted condition (Ashraf, 1991). It means that the community's needs are to be met through optimal utilization of these valuable resources using technological adva...
Muhammad Shabbir Mughal
... The seeds oblique to longitudinal, dark brown in colour in P. glandulosa and compressed, light brown with flat cotyledons in P. juliflora....
Babar Khan1, Muhammad Zafar Khan2 and Garee Khan2
...i, a small village in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. On average, land fragmentation has resulted into a loss of 1.3 ha per capita during the past fifteen years. However, compared to farm land (46%) only 7% loss in land under farm forestry was observed. A remarkable change had occurred in land use patterns. Land under crop production has decreased on an average rate of 2.3% year-1 while the land under agro forestry has increased at the rate of 1.4% year...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...titudes and 61°-75° E longitudes covering a geographical area of 87.98 million hectares (including AJK) The country, physiographically, is divided broadly into two main regions namely; plains of the Indus River and its tributaries and huge complex of mountains and plateaus lying in north and northwestern boundaries The plains are by and large, level country consisting mostly of irrigated agriculture and arid and semi-arid deserts The mountain complex comprises...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...d by fibers, vessels, longitudinal parenchyma and wood rays in each species. Results showed that in Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Fraxinus excelsior. Albizzia lebbek, A. procera, Mangifera indica, Alnus nitida, Juglans regia, Populus euphratica. Quercus incana, Platanus orientalis, Acer caesium and Cedrela toona, major portion of the wood by volume was composed of fibers. In Acacia modesta, Melia azedarach, Tamarix aphylla, Prosopis ciner...
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
...nd 73° 57' East longitudes. A study on stand structure of the forests of Kaghan Valley was conducted during August-November, 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was used for collecting data in the field using a grid of 700x700 m. Data was collected from 304 sample plots. The tree species sampled predominantly consisted of conifers (85%). The remaining 15% trees were broad-leaved trees belonging to 23 different species. In conifers, Fir (Abies p...
Ghulam Rasool
...rn Areas of Pakistan (Gilgit & Bultistan). Its role in the high lands is more or less the same as the camel in the deserts. The British travelers who first saw the Yak in Pamir, being widely reared by the nomadic tribes, remarked It seemed to be able to do every thing except lay eggs....
Wali-ur-Rehman
...nd P. alba. In Gilgit and the adjoining areas A. sarta caused 80 to 100% infestation of P. x euramericana. At Gahcuch, 70 to 90% each at Jaglot and Sherqilla and 60 to 80% each at Singal, Gulmati, Babur and Gulabpur. P. nigra was infested by the pest from medium to heavy at Singal (60-80%), Jaglot, Sherqilla and Ghich (50-70%) each, while its damage on P. alba ranged from 5 to 30% in these areas....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...med to Poa alpine - Digitaria sanguinalis types. This change had also registered increase in species number from 18 to 27. One final clipping and two clippings have no appreciable effect on floristic composition however, two clippings has caused slight increase in forage production. The study has demonstrated that poor temperate rangelands could be rehabilitated by application of suitable fertilizer and control grazing for about 5 years....
Raja Muhammad Ashfaq and Mohammad Khan
...1° and 75° East longitude (Anon., 1996). The total land area of the country is 87.98 million hectares (Amjad and Shah, 1996) which can be divided into four physical sub-divisions of Northern and Western mountains, the Indus basin and the Coastal zone. The northern mountains constitute the major portion of the watersheds of the Indus and Jhelum river system. The land in these watersheds is mainly in private ownership. wooded areas are interspersed with a...
K. M. Siddiqui and Saliheen Khan
...ensus estimated that Gilgit alone, one of five districts in Northern Areas, had 20,000 ha of farmlands (World Bank, 1990)....
Zakaullah
... 200 km north-west of Gilgit at an elevation ranging between 2286 and 2438 m. The important forest trees include willows and poplars. Three species of willows, i.e. Salix purpurea, S. seriocarpa, S. tetrasperma and a single species of poplar, Populus nigra (Lombardy poplar) were found commonly grown in the area. Nevertheless, a few hybrid poplars (P. X. euramericana) were also noticed around Phander Rest House. Willows are grown f...
K. M. Siddiqui and M. Khan
...m 100 to 128° East longitudes. It grows equally well on the plains and in mountainous regions upto 2000 m altitude (Anon, 1986). One of its species (P. tomentosa) was accidentally introduced into United States about 150 years ago and now appears throughout the southern and central hardwood regions as naturalized wild plantation tree (Beckjord et al., 1984; Hardie et al., 1989). It also grows in Japan, Brazil, Paraguay and Argenti...
Moinuddin Ahmad
...ken along the way of Gilgit to Chilas and from Gilgit to Astore (dry temperate). Thirty stands were sampled. On the basis of index of similarity, dominant species and floristic composition fifteen community types were recognized. The area shows three ecogeomorphological regions which differentiated into various habitats. Rainfall, temperature altitude, plant cover and vegetation composition show wide variation in the...
M . I. R. Khan
...9 to 56° 25' E. longitudes. The Arabian Gulf lies to the northwest and the Gulf of Oman stretches along the east coast of the Emirates. The land surface of the mainland excluding the islands is about 77,700 square kilometers....
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...ied by grasses like Digitaria spp., Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron dentatum, Cymbopogon spp., Eleusine compressa, Themeda anathera, Panicum antidotale, Heteropogon spp., Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum, whereas Trifolium pratense, Taraxicum officinale, Plantago lanceolatus, Fragaria vesca are among the major forbs present. The present study was aimed at to determine the affect of closure on forage production both insi...
M. I. R. Khan
...9 to 56° 25' E. longitudes. The Arabian Gulf lies to the northwest and the Gulf of Oman stretches along the east coast of the Emirates. The land surface of the mainland excluding the islands is about 77,700 square kilometers....
Abdul Aleem
...strative districts - Gilgit, Diamar and Baltistan. Its area is 70,236 km2, human population about 530,000 cattle population about 1,121000 (about 401,000 animal units). Most of the scanty and erratic rainfall is received in spring. Based on 40 years record, the average annual rainfall of Gilgit and Skardu is 130 and 160 mm respectively (App.1). Most of the area is mountainous and is used for grazing. Agr...
Khial Badshah and Zakaullah
...>Fusarium causing longitudinal stripes on the stem and chlorotic spots on leaves which wilt and fall prematuiely. The pathogen was found to invade the plants through injured roots. Plant debris, infected young transplanting mateiial and seeds served as source of infection. The pathogen proved specific to Ocimum spp.

Vergouskii (1958) studied some peculiarities in the development of Fusariosis in basil. The high temperature at which basil...

K.M. Siddiqui and Mohammad Parvez
...00 to 3040 metres and longitudinal and latitudinal distribution extends over 69° 33' to 75° 35' east and 31° 22' to 36° 10' north respectively in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. The over all range of this species is 25° 30' to 36° 10' north latitude and 69° to 98° east longitude in the countries of Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and China (Critchfield and Little, 1963). The ...
M. I. R. Khan
...g 30' to 56° E. longitudes alongside the southern coast of the Arabian Gulf. It has an approximate area of 80,000 square kilo metres with an overall hot and arid subtropical climate. The average annual rainfall of Abu Dhabi is hardly 40 mm with most of the precipitation falling in winter months. A considerable amount of moisture condenses on the ground and vegetation in the form of dew. The atmospheric humidity is very high especially in the coast...
Musarrat Nasreen Ali and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...stan to Dir, Chitral, Gilgit, Hazara, Murree and Azad Kashmir at an elevation of 900-3,000 metres (4)....
Moin Uddin Ahmad and S. A. Qadir Dr.
... out along the way of Gilgit to Gopis, Yasin and Phunder. Vegetation was sampled at 46 different locations by quadrat and plotless methods. Community attributes, maturity and homogeneity of every stand were studied. 10 communities were recognized on the basis of physiognomy, floristic composition and importance value index....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Altaf Ahmad
... and 73° -42' east longitude. The tract is bounded on the north by the provincial boundary of N.W.F.P. which is artificially demarcated. On the east Jhelum forms a natural boundary and separates it from Poonch Illaqa of Jummu and Kashmir, on the south and west the boundaries are also artificial and separate it from Jhelum and Cambellpur Forest Divisions.(l)...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
...strative districts: Gilgit, Diamar and Baltistan. A Resident Commissioner is the head of administrative machinery. The main watershed runs southwards, draining into the river Indus. The river traverses whole of the district of Skardu after covering about 8C0 km. stretch before entering into the boundaries of Pakistan. As it meanders down, small streams and nullahs contribute their share to the total stream flow. About 10 km. down strefm ...
M. A Quraishi and Manzoor Ahmad
..., Swat, Dir, Chitral, Gilgit and Baltistan. The timber of walnut is moderately hard even, grained. Sapwood is greyish- white and heartwood is brown with darker streaks. It is very durable, works well and does not warp or split. It is used for furniture, cabinet making, carving and for gun-stocks. It is found to be the best wood for gun-stocks so there is always a demand for it. The tree is often cultivated for its valuable fruit. Wild trees are lopped for f...
Dr. K. M. Salim and Gul Shahid
...orth and 71°.50 longitude East. They form a part of the Khattak range which is situated along the south-eastern boundary of Peshawar Valley and separates it from the Kohat district. The maximum length of the range is about 25 miles, from West to East. The greatest extent of the northern aspect is about 10 miles. The southern aspect is the shortest and is terminated by the 'Khawara' Valley. The highest peaks in the range are Doulas Ghaiban (5054...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...in Malakand division, Gilgit agency and Hazara district and one of its best avenues is seen on the road from Abbottabad to Mansehra. Very beautiful specimens of the species are also found in Gilgit agency specially towards Punyal and Yasin side where it attains huge dimensions and seems to be pyramidalis variety. When the trees attain a diameter between 5 inches to 10 inches at breast height these are felled by the fa...
Ghulam Rasul
...Range Forest Officer, Gilgit
Abstract:
The Astore Markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri) which is known as bom locally, is the most important game animal of Gilgit Agency and Northern Area. It belongs to genus Capra, family Bovidae and sub-order Artiodactyla. The word Markhor is derived from the two Persian words Mar means snake and Khor means eater the snake eater. The legend is tha...

Ahsan Abbas Abro1, Imrana Khushk1, Abdul Nabi Jatt2, Chaudhary Haider Ali3, Abdul Sattar Qureshi1*, Farah Naz Talpur4, Safia Bano1

... oil-to-methanol ratio. Agitation speed and enzyme concentration also enhanced biodiesel yield. Biodiesel production reached 92% under optimal conditions. Biodiesel production is simplified by using on-site produced lipase as catalyst. These findings could be significant advancement in biodiesel production from its commercialization prospects.  
 
Novelty Statement | Utilization of onsite prod...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Pahnwar1* and Abdul Manan Shaikh1

...description along with digital images are provided. Definitely this
study will prove to be a base line for future taxonomist dealing with this genus.
...
Abdul Basit1, Ayesha Zahid1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Inayat Ullah2, Sana Ullah3*, Muhammad
Kashif Nawaz4, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Izhar Ullah5, Fawad Ali1, Shaukat Ali1
...inochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis were the main weeds observed
during the study against which local farmers used various manual, mechanical and chemical
control methods. It is concluded that okra plant sown on ridges and almost 3 picking
intervals significantly affected the growth and seed yield hence recommended for the agro
climatic condition of Peshawar. Furthermore, Excessive use of chemical herbic...

Fatima Kanwal

...the region of Ghizer, Gilgit Baltistan, and the Malir region of Karachi in Pakistan. The aim was to determine the prevalence and density of growing unwanted weeds in the seasonal crops of regions. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m were randomly plotted and analyzed. Polygonaceae, Poaceae, and Chenopodiaceae were the most common families observed. A total of 14 different weed species belonging to 10 distinct families were identified. Goose grass (Elusin...
Supardi Rusdiana1, Tatan Kostaman1*, Priyono Priyono2, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum1, Lisa Praharani1, Yeni Widiawati1, Agustin Herliatika1, Nurul Pratiwi1, Nurul Azizah1, Paul Ade Iji3
...ips strengthening, and digital transformation. Our review offers valuable insights into the challenges faced by the broiler industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this review proposes feasible solutions for a more resilient and sustainable future for the broiler industry in Indonesia.
 
Keywords | Broiler farming, Broiler industry, Broiler meat, COVID-19, Impacts, Strategies
...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

... flora is dominated by Digitaria sanguinalis with the highest relative density of 63.78% in maize, 58.78% in potato and 33.11% in mungbean, among all species. In all three crops studied, 23 weed species were competitive with the crops. Based on the Importance Value Constancy value index the most competitive weeds in all crops studied were Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (123.3), Amaranthus viridis Linn. (107.9), Rumex denta...

Suravi Akter, Md. Bipul Mondal and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...r lesions in the inter-digital space were present in 80% of cattle. Maggot infestation and mouth-tongue lesions were found in five cattle (50%). The biochemical parameters were altered in the cattle having an active cascade of the disease. Regarding the economic impact on the farmers, FMD exerts huge economic losses to the farmers. During the disease period, the highest loss was incurred due to treatment purposes (64%). This study concluded that FMD caused cli...

Auras Muhi Taha*, Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim, Hassanein Abduladeem, Mohammed Qais Yassen, Omaima Khalid Ahmed and Tabark Najim Abdul-Allah

...o;40.7824”N and longitude 44°14’26.9843”E to 44°34’02.4323”E. This study aims to evaluate drought levels for the period from 1988 to 2023 and their impact on soil uses and plant densities based on Landsat sensor data. The results showed that the very severe drought type dominated throughout the study period, followed by the severe drought type, while the moderate drought type was constantly decreasing with alternating drou...

Meray Nabil Ramsis

... were dissected, and a digital camera with a 5x magnification was utilized to record the fine details of the vessels and their branches. The results revealed that the majority of the blood flow to the donkey’s eyes ball was supplied by the external, internal, and infra-orbital arteries. The origin, course, and distribution of the donkey’s eye ball’s arterial blood supply were also recorded. The anatomical information gathered from this study ...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Inam-ul-Haq1, Attiq Ur Rehman1, Javeria Sherani3, Muhammad Imran3 and Rizwan Latif4

...mmu Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit Balistan (GB). This is only possible due to availability of certified olive plants in a bulk quantity. Center of Excellence for Olive Research and Training (CEFORT) is playing a pivot role in this regard as a source for availability of certified plants. To meet the increasing demand for the olive plants nursery production technologies should be optimized according to over local conditions. In this context, a study was designed at C...

Jahid Hasan Tipu1, Md Ashraful Islam2, Md Altafur Rahman3, Md. Nazim Uddin4, Obaidul Islam5* 

...eight was estimated by digital balance, and other body measurements were estimated by measuring tape and scale. Our findings indicated that the lowest deviation was 0.08% in the 1–2-year age female group and the highest deviation was 5.26% in the 6-month age male group with a deviation from the actual body weight. Additionally, the linear regression equations developed in this study for predicting the live body weight on heart girth, body length, and a c...

Preetysh Nanda Patnaik1, V.K. Venkataramani1, N. Jayakumar1, R. Durairaja1, Adyasha Sahu 1 and C. Sudhan2*

...face using tpsUtil and digitized using tpsDig computer software package. A set of multivariate methods (Principal component analysis and Discriminant function analysis) was performed to make detailed investigation on distinction and pattern of morphological variations among all the four studied species, which revealed that there is significant variation in morphometrics of the portunid species. The first two components of the principal component analysis expla...

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...ransparency, arranging digital platforms, targeted awareness campaigns, and practical training.

...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
... physical applications (agitation and without agitation) were used to clean the sample. After being incubated for 48 h at 30oC, the numbers of L. monocytogenes was counted. It has been demonstrated that at a concentration of 1.5%, citric acid is efficient in eliminating L. monocytogenes without agitation. With a citric acid (1.0%), the effectiveness of citric acid ...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
...their mouth and 15-17 longitudinal bands running along the body wall. Besides, we detected significant differences body mass, body length, introvert length, BM/BL and IL/BL ratios but not trunk length and diameter, number of tentacles, and longitudinal muscular bands of those thriving at different habitats. Additionally, we examined the growth pattern for the Vietnamese sipuncula using a least-squares regression model comput...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

..."text-align: justify;">Digital twin (DT), an artificial intelligence (AI) technology, has garnered significant attention recently due to its potential applications across various industries, including the livestock sector. To facilitate the adoption and integration of DT technologies in livestock farming systems, this study aims to discern and appraise the most recent advancements by assessing scientific and technological progressions. The objective of this st...
Maimoona Imran2, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Soumble Zulfiqar1
Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...such as, pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream, surgical site and wound infections. The present study reports a locally isolated K. pneumoniae strain exhibiting high resistance (MIC=90mM) against Ag+ and its accumulation potential. Transcription of Cus (Cu sensing) determinants is found to be upregulated in the presence of Ag+. The transcriptional regulator CusR bound effectively with bidirectional cus promoter. STRING database analysis revealed that CusR poss...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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