Shahid Ali, Munir Khan
...sis was employed for the estimation of technical efficiency levels and its determinants. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique was applied to estimate stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function to ascertain the level of technical efficiency. The econometric computer software STATA was applied for the estimation. The estimated value of technical efficiency ranges from 34 t...
Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2
...ce of parental lines and estimation of heterosis and inbreeding depression are prerequisites to start hybrid development program. In this context, we explored heterosis and inbreeding depression in indigenous maize germplasm comprising inbred lines NCMLQ1, NCMLQ2, NCMLD1, NCMLD2, NCMLD3, and NCMLD4. ese genotypes were crossed to get ten F1 hybrid combinations, which were used to deve...
Anna-Maria Andersson*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren
...n has been proposed. For estimation of antibodies in serum and dried blood samples collected from mink, a VP2 ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) system was recently evaluated. However, such estimations of disease progression are commonly based on single sampling occasions and it is essential to know if estimated antibody levels vary over a period of weeks or months. Therefore, the aim of this s...
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas-ullah Jan, Dawood Jan, Ghaffar Ali and Yousaf Hayat
...flour, respectively. The estimation of quality elasticity based upon income quintiles revealed that the magnitude of quality elasticity increases for rice & rice flour (0.2019 to 0.2639) while decreases for wheat & wheat flour (0.0160 to -0.0012) as household move from poorest to richest quintile indicating an increased responsiveness of the high-income households to rice quality compared to wheat. ...
Zaheer Ahmad Qureshi and Khuram Nawaz Sadozai
Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1
Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1
...gt;0.05). Results of HWE estimation indicate that allele frequencies were not deviant from HWE in RA group. The results of present study indicates that Pb and Cr concentration differ significantly between AA, AG and GG genotypes of SOD1 (rs2070424) gene polymorphism in RA patients as compared to control group (p<0.05). The present finding indicates that SOD1 (rs2070424) gene polymorphism is not associated with pathogenesis of RA; however levels of Pb and Cr...
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan
... was a factor behind the estimation of resource use efficiency of crops. Present study explored the resource use efficiency and return to scale in off-season cucumber production in Punjab, Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 70 off-season cucumber growers by using simple random sampling. Cobb-Douglas was good on the basis of R2 (0.748) and f-statistics (17.505). Production elasticity was positive for education, polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemical, ir...
Sheraz Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Hassan
...enotypes were tested for estimation of heritability, genetic advance and association of yield and yield related traits in wheat. For all the studied traits, mean squares showed the presence of significant variation (p≤0.01) among the genotypes. Heritability estimates were observed high (h2˃0.60) for all the traits. The highest heritability (0.93) was noticed in plant height followed by flag leaf area (0.89). The values of genetic advance were recorded ...
Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1
Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3
...chnique was used for the estimation of the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production model. After running various econometrics software the output of the Frontier 4.1 was found good fit. The findings of the study showed that technical efficiency ranges from 0.83 to 0.99 with the mean technical efficiency of 0.93. The findings further shows that among the inefficiency factors experience was significantly contributing to the technical efficiency of the farmers...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
... CART implemented in the estimation of cold carcass weight (CCW) and body weight (BW) from several body measurements (withers height (WH), chest depth (CD), body length (BL), hearth girth (HG) and leg circumference (LC)) measured from five sheep breeds (Akkaraman (9), Dağlıç (10), Kivircik (10), Merinos (10) and Karacabey Merino (8)) reared in Konya province conditions located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. For measuring the predict...
Abbas Ullah Jan1, Muhammad Fayaz1*, Yousaf Hayat2, Dawood Jan3 and Ghaffar Ali3
...hip proved to be a valid estimation technique for fruit consumption in Pakistan. The results show that quantity elasticity with respect to income is constant for dates, grapes, guava and mango and tends to increase in all fruits, apple, banana and citrus with increase in household income for urban households. For rural households with increase in household income, quantity elasticity of all the fruits tends increase with the exception of grapes where it decrea...
Estimation of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation for Marphological Traits in Spring Wheat
Arshad Iqbal1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1 and Muhammad Sharif Kakar2
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...ms to compare the growth estimation result of the two methods which are Length - Weight Relations and Artificial Neural Networks from Uluabat Lake regarding narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) between 2015 and 2016. The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW); carapace length (CL) for Astacus leptodactylus caught from Uluabat Lake were presented with tradional method of length-weight relation (LWR...
Rabia Qurashi, Qurat ul Ane Gillani* and Furhan Iqbal*
...ac puncture and used for estimation of hematological and some serum biochemical parameters. The hematological parameters did not show any significant variation between the two groups. From amongst serum biochemical parameters triglycerides (P = 0.02) in CGP55845 treated mice showed significant increase compared to the control mice. All other studied parameters remained unaffected indicating that CGP55845 can be injected intraperitonially for the treatment of n...
Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1
Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah
...erview schedule. For the estimation of Stochastic frontier tans-log production function, maximum likelihood estimation technique was used. To ensure the abnormality of data set Chow test and Dummy variable test was employed for any possible structure break across the broiler farms. Results indicated that there were significant structural breaks across the sampled farms. Based on these findings three different model was estim...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...tionnaire was filled for estimation of association of assumed risk factors with prevalence. Nonparametric tests at 5% probability were applied to check significance of results. The study noted overall 33.98% (123/362) of MDR S. aureus from subclinical mastitis milk samples while 123 of 192 S. aureus isolates (64.06%) were confirmed MDR. Non-significantly higher prevalence of MDR was noted in Cholistan area (38.38%) than to that of Sulaiman Range ...
Farhan Ahmed, Hassnain Shah, Irum Raza* and Abdul Saboor**
... model is considered for estimation where ‘p’ is the order of the autoregressive process; ‘d’ is the order of the homegeneity and ‘q’ the order of the moving average process. Presence of trend in data was checked through time series plots and stationarity through auto correlation and partial auto correlation functions. Using the ARIMA (p, d, q) forecasts from 2010 up to 2015 were made and production of milk in 2015 was estim...
Saima Rani and Irum Raza*
COMPARISON OF TREND ANALYSIS AND DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHODS FOR PRICE ESTIMATION OF MAJOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
...o be pertinent for price estimation of major pulses in Pakistan because of smaller values of accuracy measures. Six-year's forecasts of prices of gram, mash, masoor and mung in Pakistan in 2010-11 were Rs.31.80, Rs.84.09, Rs.72.06, and Rs.47.69 per kg respectively along with 95% prediction intervals. The results showed that if the present growth rates remain the same then prices of these pulses in Pakistan would be Rs.37.64, Rs.120.26, Rs.89.55 and Rs.55.03 pe...
Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Amjad* and Malik Shah Nawaz*
STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SESAME ( L.)
... three locations for the estimation of genotypes environment(GE) interaction and to identify stable genotype(s) using stability parameters, and to determine inter-parameters correlation. Two locations (NARC and D.I. Khan) were suitable for high productivity. PR-19-9-S produced maximum (341 kgha ) at NARC and V-90005 produced 344 kgha and PARS-I produced 304 kgha at D.I Khan. The variance due to GE interaction was highly significant for all the traits showing h...
Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
...rus disease (CLCuD). For estimation of genetic diversity regarding CLCuD tolerance, fiber quality and some yield contributing traits, 101 cotton genotypes imported from USA were evaluated. Different statistical procedures like cluster, principle components (PC) and correlation analysis were employed to identify the suitable genotypes that can be further exploited in breeding programme. Significant associations were found between yield contributing trait, boll ...
Naheed Zahra*, Nadeem Akmal*, Sobia Naheed*, Nusrat Habib*, Sabeen Siddiqui* and Irum Raza*
TREND ANALYSIS OF RICE AREA AND YIELD IN PUNJAB
...and yield in Punjab, the estimation is based on time series data from 1980 to 2011. On the basis of minimum errors of accuracy measure quadratic model was selected. The estimated results revealed that there is an increasing trend in the area and yield of rice in Punjab. The area of rice was 276800 ha in 2012 and would be 2934280 ha in 2016. Likewise results about yield indicated that it was -1 -1 2438kg ha in 2012 and would be 2678kg ha in 2016. This increasin...
Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***
ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...phytomass carbon Mg C ha estimation. Carbon pool in above ground phytomass was 1.16 Mg C ha while below ground phytomass, 0.29 Mg C ha was recorded. The carbon sequestration in below ground and the aerial phytomass depends upon the management practices, climate and response of different species....
Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********
SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...kistan. Population based estimation of true prevalence is time occurring in different livestock species and requires to develop prevention and control strategy, that hasn't been done in Pakistan. Active disease surveillance at door steps was conducted to collect blood samples from small and large ruminants of subtropical rural communities in the province of Punjab during January-March, 2015. Total 59665 sera samples from apparently healthy animals were collect...
Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan
...as type was used for the estimation of allocative efficiency. The function was estimated using Maximum Likelihood estimation technique. Results revealed that the mean allocative efficiency of broiler farms was 0.84; implies that an average farm could have used 16% less inputs for given level of output if inputs were allocated efficiently. The estimated coefficient of output in the stochastic cost frontier was -0.159 and stat...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
... regression analysis and estimation of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and location of the camels with N. caninum seropositivity. On the other hand, neither the breed nor age of the camels was significantly associated with seropositivity.Studies are needed to evaluate other potential risk factors and to assess the pathogenic effects and economic consequences of neosporosis in camels.
...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
...ic evolution followed by estimation of their evolutionary rates among different virus clusters. This analysis revealed a high evolution rate for clade 2.2.1.2. Additionally, analysis of selection pressures in the HA gene revealed a positive selection pressure. Deduced amino acid analysis revealed characteristic mutations at HA antigenic sites besides two other mutations (129∆, I151T) that were found to be stable in recent subclade 2.2.1.1 isolates from h...
Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid
...) technique was used for estimation of stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas type production function. Results indicated the mean technical efficiency of 0.89 with the range of 0.63 to 0.97. This implies that farmers having average technical efficiency level can increase broiler output by 8% to reach to the frontier output by using best management practices with available farm resources and technology. Results further revealed that day old checks, feed intake and l...
Shahid Ali1* and Salamat Ali2
...gression was applied for estimation and comparison of costs and revenues of open shed and EC shed broiler farms. Results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the cost of production and net revenue of open shed and EC shed farms. Cost of production of open shed was PKR 247.22 per broiler and that of EC shed was PKR 221.61 per broiler. Gross revenue was PKR 257.489 per broiler for open shed and PKR 294.112 per broiler for EC shed....
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
... values observed in this estimation were less than one, suggesting that the exposure of these heavy metals through the consumption of Baladi chicken is unlikely to produce potential health risks to the population of the tested region.
...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...73 to 2014. An empirical estimation of ARDL approach has indicated the evidence of long-run cointegration of model. Empirical findings of the study indicate positive (5.178151) and significant relationship between agriculture credit and agricultural output. Labor participating in agriculture has positive (14.98381) yet insignificant relation to agricultural output while trade openness has negative (-39.64926) and significant impact on agricultural output. Simi...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...ovince of Turkey. In the estimation of global irradiation parameters (Hd: average daily sum of global irradiation per square meter and Hm: average annually sum of global irradiation per square meter), several predictors viz. ESTLOSTEMP (estimated losses due to temperature and low irradiance), ESTLOSANGREF (estimated loss due to angular reflectance effect), and COMPVLOSS (Combined Photo Voltaic system losses) were calculated. Estimation...
Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad7
... mutton according to the estimation of 2015. Although Pakistan’s meat industry is performing well however, there is more potential in the sector of livestock and hence for the exports of meat to all over the world. The study in hand is designed to explore the current performance and competiveness of meat industry of Pakistan. Keeping the importance of the meat industry of Pakistan, the study in hand is conducted to explore the mutton exports from Pakista...
Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman1
...ctively. Genetic advance estimation showed that flag leaf area exhibited high genetic advance (40.2%) followed by secondary branches panicle-1 (36.6%) and culm length (31.4%) among studied traits of rice genotypes. On the basis of good performance for early maturity, area of flag leaf and panicle contributing traits like primary and secondary branches panicle-1 F5:6 lines AUP-361, AUP-311 and AUP-345, AUP-322 could be advanced further in multi-locations trials...
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
...ed by maximum likelihood estimation techniques. Per acre total yield, land rent and per acre inputs cost (labor hired, seed, tractor hours, irrigation, Urea, DAP, FYM and pesticides) were considered determinants for cost function. Respondent age, farming experience, education, family size, off-farm income, farm to home distance, tenancy and extension contacts are determinants in allocative inefficiency model. Results of the study revealed that except farmyard ...
Asima Bano1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Hira Sherawat3, Muhammad Mutlib4, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram Qazi6, Sajida Naseem5, Rabia Ishaq1, Iram Liaqat2
...reast cancer. For enzyme estimation plasma samples from the patients suffering from breast cancer and age matched healthy individuals (control) were collected. The results revealed decline in the level of these enzymes in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals because of this decline the overall level of protein was also found to be decline. It is concluded from the study that these enzymes can be used as biomarker in the diagnosis of breast...
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*
Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...processed
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experimental and control samples revealed protein fractions (...
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experimental and control samples revealed protein fractions (...
Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2
...he period 1981-2009. For estimation purposes, the production function technique is used to evaluate the relationship between climate and yield variability. The results show that higher amount of rainfall has a negative and significant impact on the production of all crops including wheat, rice and maize. It may be because unexpected rainfall in Pakistan during monsoon season severely damages crops. This result is consistent with our expectation that high level...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
...city. Study included the estimation of the activities of the enzymes such as ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and biochemical components like glucose, urea, lipids, cholesterol and protein contents both in the liver and blood while DNA and RNA contents only in liver. The administration of CCl4 resulted in increase in plasma ALAT and decrease in LDH. Vitamin E pre-treatment abolished C...
Supply Response Analysis of Wheat Growers in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Farm Level Analysis
Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Results indicated that response of output supply to the price of wheat and land was positive and elastic. Output supply in response to wage rate was negative and inelastic. Output elasticity in response to fertilizer price was negative and elastic. Education has positive relation with the output supply but inelastic. Labor demand in response to output price, land and education ...
Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali*
...ugh Double log model for estimation of demand for the selected vegetables. It was found that household head in Landi Arbab includes 87.10% male and 12.90% female whereas in Deh Bahadar, 94.82% household heads were male and 5.18% of the household head were female. Descriptive statistics showed that the average household size was 6. The average education level was 12.92 years and average household’s income was Rs. 91,336.66 during the study period. The res...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
... and short run empirical estimation. The Co-integration test results show the presence of a long run relationship among the variables. The coefficient of the ECM term (-.537563) in the ECM model is negative and statistically significant, which validates stable long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables, with speed of 53 per cent to restore disequilibrium in case of any shock. The regression results reveal that public spending on education, health an...
Christine Jeske
...factor in people’s estimation of their own well-being: whether they and their surrounding social networks deem their life circumstances to follow a moral trajectory. Because multiple standards of morality compete within societies, this element of well-being is subject to constant negotiation. Attaining well-being depends not merely on having a certain bundle of resources, connections, or circumstances, but on gaining a tenuous moral approbation. Well-bei...
Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz2
...ency. Maximum likelihood estimation techniques were employed for estimation. Results showed that all explanatory variables except pesticides have significant effect on tomato production. The results showed that a 1% increase in seed rate, labor, tractor hours, urea, DAP and irrigation increases output by 0.81, 0.02, 0.28, 0.14, 0.25 and 0.02 percent, respectively. Mean technical efficiency score was found 95% ranges from 86%...
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
...as a fit model for given estimation. The major findings proclaim that maximum temperature has negative impact on the yield of maize. Impact of precipitation show a positive and significant contribution to maize yield. High temperature has deleterious impact on maize productivity. Therefore, policy exertions needs to be concentrated toward impact of climate change on maize productivity. Development of temperature resistant maize verities for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...
Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman
...sample size for accurate estimation purposes. In MLM, apart from the general factors of sample size estimation, the test size, the effect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra Class Correlation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3
...system was developed for estimation of production elasticity of hydroponics in Pakistan. Return to scale was calculated by adding all betas, which indicate the stage of production function of hydroponics system. Domestic resource cost indicates relative efficiency of hydroponics products in domestic resource use. Results indicated that labor used in production of hydroponics products and supply chain management of hydroponics products both in the domestic mark...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,*
...and population structure estimation on 382 individuals from seven Chinese Tibetan ecotype yak population using twenty-one microsatellites. The results revealed that the HO ranged from 0.4854±0.0194 in NNV to 0.6086±0.0267 in YRY, and the NA ranged from 3.86±1.98 in XMY to 6.05±3.37 in NNV. The least number of markers which deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within the population was W, and largest number of deviations was in t...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1
...f grain precisely. Yield estimation is one of the challenging tasks which is significant to evaluate accurately for farmers. This research was conducted in eastern Punjab Pakistan by incorporating yield/area as reported by Crop Reporting Service Department along with open source satellite datasets. We downloaded three images of each year (2008-2018) from Geological Survey of United States and applied geometric corrections. All the spectral wavelengths were tra...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1,
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
...ulidae. According to the estimation of divergence time corrected by fossil records of related birds and compared with previous studies, the base divergence time of Gruiformes was 46.33 (58.46~25.60) Ma, the emergence time of the suborders Grui was about 17.62 (29.76~4.15) Ma, and the emergence time of the suborders of the Ralli was about 32.18 (46.17~19.69) Ma. The origin time of Charadriiformes was about 45.44 (58.21~24.67) Ma. The origin time of the Charadri...
Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah1, Gamze Özel2, Christophe Chesneau3, Muhammad Mohsin4, Farrukh Jamal5* and Muhammad Faheem Bhatti6
...II is acceptable for the estimation of rice yield not only for district Lodhran but also for the case of Pakistan. ...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2
...metric model for biomass estimation of Chirpine (Pinus roxberghii) an important species of subtropical pine ecosystems in the Himalayas. Data was collected through destructive sampling of 32 sample trees growing in subtropical pine forests of Hazara Forest Region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of the selected sample trees ranged from (12-93 cm) and height (H) varied between 9.50-40.10 m. Allometric equation was developed th...
Muhammad Ilyas1, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Waqar Ahmed1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2, Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz2, Muhammad Mohib Ullah Khan3 and Sumaira Hafeez1*
...both the crosses for the estimation of gene action under generation mean analysis and planted in a triplicated Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) under split plot arrangement. Most of the traits in both the crosses under natural in addition to drought conditions were controlled by the dominance gene action as indicated by generation mean analysis. Five parameter model (mdhij) indicated that genes which control the grain yield were mostly dominate in natur...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...any shock. The empirical estimation reveals that public spending on education, health, total road length, trade openness, worker remittances and total cropped area have a strong positive impact on economic growth. Moreover, the study also examines the impact which Pakistan’s economic growth has had on the Agriculture sector. While public spending on defence has failed to contribute to economic growth. The study suggests the allocation of more resources t...
Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum
... (n=50). Kidney function estimation was done using serum creatinine and blood urea along with eGFR calculation by MDRD equation. Kidney dysfunction was defined as eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Statistical analysis was donedone by using SPSS. The serum creatinine of ischemic stroke patients was found to be 2.41 mg/dl compared to 0.93mg/dl in controls. The blood urea in ischemic stroke group was 67.3 mg/dl in contrast to 34.6 mg/dl in controls. The eGFR in ische...
Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed3
...(AJKCDP) through poverty estimation and exploring the correlates of poverty in AJ and K. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 540 respondents from the universe comprising both registered and nonregistered members of AJKCDP. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Foster Greer and Thorbecke measure was used to calculate incidence of poverty which is then used to model the probability expressions with the help of Logit to in...
Ayesha Iqbal1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Ayesha Iqbal1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Ameen1
... and curve dorsally. The estimation of suid’s ages was based on third molar eruption. The fifty-one craniometric and twenty mandibular measurements were carried out on the adult male skull and data derived from analysis of our sample was compared with previously reported data of European and Japanese wild boar. As a result of comparison of the different craniometric and mandibular parameters it was inferred that the studied specimen has larger dimensions...
Zulfiqar Ali Soomro1*
NOISE CONTROL FILTRATION OF LATERAL AND YAW DYNAMICS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEELSET ON TRACK
... necessary modeling. The estimation
of perturbations for the movement by wheels and velocity of train in lateral and yaw phases are enumerated.
Here dual bucy kalman estimator is implemented to decrease the influence of the noise caused due improper ratio
of adhesion level upon track. One estimator reduces the overshoot of noise and other to minimize it at lower level
of level of error. Further the behavior of lateral and yaw dynami...
of perturbations for the movement by wheels and velocity of train in lateral and yaw phases are enumerated.
Here dual bucy kalman estimator is implemented to decrease the influence of the noise caused due improper ratio
of adhesion level upon track. One estimator reduces the overshoot of noise and other to minimize it at lower level
of level of error. Further the behavior of lateral and yaw dynami...
Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4
Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...ol of obtaining reliable estimations of profit efficiency of rice production. Findings from SFA reveal profit efficiency of rice farmers for TRP to be 57% and 83% for DRS farmers. The results further Bring to light the loss of 43% profit of TRP and 17% profit loss of DRS due to unsuitable combinations of inputs. Direct seeded rice farmers displayed more efficiency compared to the transplanted rice farmers. However, for DRS and TRP farmers’ opportunities ...
Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...h is to investigate crop estimation using SPOT-5 satellite imagery. We specifically considered
tobacco as our pilot crop and compared the obtained results with manually delineated calculations. For
this research SPOT-5 imagery of 2.5m spatial resolution, was provided by Space and Upper Atmosphere Research
Commission (SUPARCO), space agency of Pakistan. After preprocessing, which is a preparatory step in analyzing
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
... serum progesterone (P4) estimations. Follicular growth was characterized by presence of three to five numbers of follicular waves in both seasons. Significantly higher (P<0.01) number of follicular waves (4.0±0.21 versus 3.18±0.12), number of follicles at wave emergence during second (2.85±0.26 versus 1.77±0.14; P<0.01) and third wave (2.57±0.2 versus 2.0±0.16; P<0.05), along with shorter persistence of domin...
Umar Hayat1*, Ibrar Hussin2, Aftab Alam3 and Khalid Khan4
Time Series Analysis of Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Application of Bootstrap ARDL
...) to carry out empirical estimation via ARDL and Bootstrap ARDL. Confirming the co integration relationship, the study identifies that real GDP per capita is a significant variable responsible for decline in child mortality thereby confirms the hypothesis of MT. The study however, does not find statistical evidence in favor of the hypothesis of SDT due to meager allocation to health sector in case of Pakistan. Allocation of sufficient fund to health sector spe...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...effect and random effect estimation techniques. The trade liberalization link has been explored separately with each dimension of the food security. The empirical results show that the trade liberalization have negatively affect the food availability, accessibility and stability in the case of South Asia, while the food utilization is found to be positively associated with trade liberalization....
Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2
Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...conducted for a reliable estimation of citrus canker disease in District Sargodha of Punjab Province. Nine sampling sites showed 90 % the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and only one site was free of citrus canker disease. Total cellular DNA was isolated from freshly growing aqueous bacterial culture using CTAB protocol with modifications. Amplification of 581bp fragment from isolated DNA from bacterial isolates confirmed the presence of pathogen ...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
...ccordance with the local estimations that agree with each other well. The output maps indicate that the approximated total possible soil loss annually of about 92.6 million tons is equivalent to the calculated sediments of 148 tons/ha. Chakwal watershed is acutely facing severe erosion due to its soil characteristics and topography. The outputs generated from this research are a way forward to plan and implement strategies for combating erosion and natural res...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
...ing results of different estimation models, it was found that density of fishery resources assessed by Cushing model matched well with the in-situ investigation data of fishery resources. Marine primary productivity and fishery resources in the Daya Bay were mainly influenced by Chl-a distribution, cage culture and petrochemical sewage (Liu, 2011).
...
Mahwish Munawar1, Xu Shiwei1, Yu Wen1 and Muhammad Luqman2*
...ex were used for precise estimation of food consumption behaviour and food security level weekly and monthly. Food Consumption Score indicated that households are less food insecure weekly; not a single-family consumes less than required food. But when we analyze rural households’ consumption behaviour, up to 50 per cent of the population is on the borderline of food security. Little shock can lead them to food insecurity. Results show that an increase o...
Asif Sadam*, Rahmat Ullah Khan and Sajid Mahmood
... counts without distance estimation, in three habitats: urban area, residential area, and agricultural area. Twelve sampling sites were selected in well-defined habitats in Mardan district. Bird species traits were taken from field observations and published literature. The trend and variation in traits was recorded along a sampled gradient of decreasing urbanization from urban area to agricultural area within district Mardan. These traits were compared among ...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*
... was not included in the estimation model due to convergence problem. The results showed that there was a high genetic correlation (0.84-0.92) between Diet A and Diet B groups, and the ratio of G×E variance component to additive genetic variance component was less than 0.5, and the effect of G×E was not significant. The results showed that although the growth and survival traits of P. monodon were different under different diets, the interac...
Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali
Kawa A. Ali1*, Sazar S. Noraldeen2 and Arshad A. Yaseen2, 3
...ndestructive chlorophyll estimation techniques for two vegetable crops (aroma tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. and green pepper Capsicum annuum L.) in three different environments (open field, lath house and plastic house) to indicate the best method of chlorophyll estimation. After 80 days from sowing chlorophyll estimation was implemented first by nondestructive methods using SPAD (SPAD-50...
Seok-Jun Son1,3, Sung-Kyung Lee1, Jung-Woo Oh1, In-Kyu Kim2, Dal-Ho Kim2, Bo-Ra Hyun1 and Jung-Hoon Kang1,*
...ted using kernel density estimation (KDE). During the post-fledgling stage, the results showed KDE 95% (90.46 km2) / KDE 50% (26.29 km2,) and KDE 95% (45 km2) / KDE 50% (5.56 km2). While during the pre-migration stage, it showed KDE 95% (34.40 km2) / KDE 50% (8.84 km2) and KDE 95% (43.98 km2) / KDE 50% (5.92 km2). In the Philippines wintering site (post-migration stage), the home range of the bird was KDE 95% (15.14 km2) / KDE 50% (3.39 km2). For the first tim...
Azra*, Muhammad Awais, Alam Khan and Muhammad Shoaib
...ults are comparable. OLS estimation results are reliable since these variables do not suffer from Endogeneity problem....
Alaa Jaheen*, Noha Salem, Mohamed El-sherif
...ematological profile and estimation of serum concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum zinc, copper concentrations, total protein, albumin, globulin values, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. The most consistent hematological alteration was elevated eosinophils in eczema-affected horses. The oxidant-antioxidant status showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde with a significant ...
Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...variables. The empirical estimation indicates that all variables except household’s size and agriculture land holding have shown positive and significant influence on income from the NTFP’s. Household’s size and agricultural landholding were found negatively associated with household’s income from the NTFP’s. The study identified major problems during field visits and data collection, which includes over exploitation of forest res...
Weam Mohamed Baher*, Gamilat A. El said
...hicken meat was done via estimation of total bacterial count (TBC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, total staphylococcus count (TSC), and total mold count (TMC). An experimental trial for the improvement of the hygienic status of chicken meat (breast) was done using the bacteriocin, nisin, and gingerol at two concentrations (1%, and 2%). The achieved results indicated an unsatisfactory hygienic status of the retailed chicken meat in the study area, in...
Asmaa Khamis1, Osama Abdalla1, Mohamed Hashem2, Noha Abdelnaeim1*
...cimens were gathered for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants, apoptotic markers, cytokines, and histopathological changes. Our results revealed a significantly increased MDA, caspase-3, p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and, IL-10, and a significant decline in glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the CCl4 group. However, intoxicated groups treated with PN and PM showed marked improvement in the measured parame...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
... used along with protein estimation. The purified fraction was then subjected to enzymatic characterization to find its thermal stability, effect of pH and selected chemical compounds. Other significant experimental findings were; optimum incubation period was 7 days, inoculum size was 3 discs of 0.5 cm, CuSO4 as inducer improved production, laccase activity of crude extract i.e. 10.89U/ml increased to 15.07U/ml with purification of the enzyme, the purified sa...
Muhammad Islam1,4*, Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Omar2, Abdul Qayyum3 and Rabia Siddiqui4
... of food crop with exact estimation of population growth can play a crucial role for evolving effective agricultural policy decisions for food concerns. This study integrated the efficacies of supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms using compound growth exponential regression models (CGREM) with linear regression models (LRM) to predict the wheat area, yield and population explosion. The historical data are collected from 1950 to 2020 and ML models are de...
Kusuma Adhianto*, Chairul Rahman Arif, Dian Kurniawati, Akhmad Dakhlan
Gamilat A. Elsaid1, Weam Mohamed Baher1*, Eman Shukry1, Abeer E. Abd El. Ghafar2, Marwa Shalaby1
...als. This study aimed at estimation of most probable number (MPN) of coliforms and E. coli and investigation of the prevalence of shiga toxin producing E. coli in kareish cheese collected from grocery stores and street vendors at Mansoura city, Egypt. In addition, molecular confirmation, and detection of shiga toxin coding genes (stx1, and stx2) in the recovered E. coli isolates was done using PCR. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate (KS) and...
Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2
...xaminations involved the estimation of total bacterial count (TBC), total psychrophilic count (TPsC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, and MPN of E. coli. In addition, isolation, and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli were further conducted. An experimental trial was done for improvement of the bacteriological status of the ground beef using diluted acetic acid, citric acid, and their mixture containing equal volumes of both acetic and cit...
Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3
... followed the pattern of estimation with MSY. Research findings signpost overexploitation of T. lepturus. Therefore, it is recommended to lower the catch quantity of T. lepturus to safeguard this fishery resource for the future. Besides, further analogous research is strongly advised prior to making or executing any administration strategy....
Mohammed A. Almujtaba1, Turky Omar Asar2, Salma Naqvi3, Vikas Kumar4, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1, Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni1 and Firoz Anwar1*
...ollected for biochemical estimations. Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers, CRP, Fibrinogen, BUN and creatinine increased, while zinc, IL-10 and angiotensin levels decreased significantly in DC as compared to NC. Interestingly, renin level also decreased in DC group. Heart tissues from each group were examined for histological changes. Altered serum levels of the biomarkers were restored on treatment with Zamzam water. Histopathological studies are in agreement ...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...hows that GARCH (1, 1)-M estimations by changing conditional mean equations are found to be the most appropriate model. The three measures criterion namely: root mean squares error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and relative mean absolute error (RMAE) are used for model robustness measurement. The estimation results show that both in-sample and out-sample RMSE, MAE and RMAE are minimum in GARCH (1, 1)-M-ANNs models. Furth...
Chemoprotective Effect of Daphnetin against Benzene Induced Leukemia Cancer via Alteration of CYP2E1
Junling Liu, Chen Sun, Qiao Yu, Yanzhi Liang, Shanshan Lin and Meng Tian*
...RT-PCR) was used for the estimation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Daphnetin treated rats showed the up-regulation of body weight as compared to other groups. Moreover, daphnetin reduced the blasts in leukemic rats. It also altered the hemotological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils, respectively. Daphnetin treated rats ...
Zannatul Ferdous1, Abdul Goffar Sarder2, Mustasim Famous3*, Mahfuza Ferdous4, Shahabuddin Ahmed5 and Md. Amir Hossain6
...erence, while Hemoglobin estimation does not show a significant difference from the control group. It could be concluded that Kalojeera and Ginger could act as growth promoters and alternatives to antibiotics in broilers....
Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe, Thobela Louis Tyasi*
...5, MSE = 817.51) for the estimation of BW in males, and the model with parameters of HG, RH and WH was the best-fitted model (R2 = 0.62, MSE = 4887.31) for the estimation of BW in female Nguni cattle. Correlation outcomes suggest that enhancement of WH, HG, SH, RH, RW, EL, BL, and HW might improve the BW of Nguni cattle. The regression results suggested that BW could be estimated accurately by the combination of two or more ...
Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2
...l examination and tissue estimation of Total peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), Catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Garlic and coriander treated goats showed significant reduction of FEC as compared with control positive ones. Treated goats exhibit no changes in total peroxides while there were non significant changes of PC, MDA, Catalase and SOD, in contrast there was an obvious increase of GSH. Histopathol...
Ishtiaq Ahmad1,2* and Muhammad Akbar Anjum1
S. M. Ashraful Karim1, Md. Shohel Al Faruk2*
...sample was collected for estimation of biochemical parameters e.g. ALP, ALT, AST, Phosphorus, Glucose, Total protein, BUN, and Serum creatinine. The Urine sample was taken also for determination of Urine pH, Specific gravity, Proteinuria, and Glucose. Ultrasonography was performed to check the condition of the kidney. Increased levels of BUN, Serum creatinine, Proteinuria, and thickened cortex of the kidney confirmed that the cat was suffering from CKD. The di...
Samaa M Galal1, Sally Ibrahim2, Karima Mahmoud2, Ola Adel1, Aya A. Shokry3, El-Belely MS1, Ismail Sayed Taha1*
...zen at -80 °C for NO estimation in CLs homogenate, RNA isolation and gene expression. Blood samples were obtained for P4 serum levels estimation. Results showed a significant rise of TNFα mRNA during late stage of CL and increase the expression of CASP3, FASLG and AGTR2 mRNAs during mid-stage of CL. Furthermore, NOS2 mRNA was raised during early stage of CL. Surprisingly, NO in CL homogenate was raised through earl...
Anum Syyam1,2, Nazish Saqlain1, Sidra Hareem1, Naghmana Mazhar1, Liaqat Ali3 and Samia Afzal2*
Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc
...ion (ETc) and its actual estimation was 1,588 mm.yr-1. In whole province the total water demand in the year 2020 was based on 2,796 million m3. The results also showed that reliable projections of water requirements at different spatial scales enable water management authorities to assess and upgrade irrigation infrastructure and manage water allocation to meet for rice production....
Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Syed Sultan Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan2, Muhammad Dildar Gogi3, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Tahir Hussain Awan4, Tahir Latif4, Mohsin Ali Raza1, Muhammad Afzal5 and Nadeem Rehman6
Shabana Parveen1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Ayaz Hussain Qadri1, Ghulam Dastagir3, Muhammad Hanif Chandio4, Pervaiz Khan4, Faheem Saddar5, Naveed Ahmad Abro6, Shahnaz Rashid7 and Ghulam Abbas7
...stigations were based on estimation of fecundity and its relationship with other body parameters, variation in egg size and calculation of gonadosomatic index. The results of fecundity estimation were based on 10 mature female fish ranging in size 30.4 to 43 cm and from 235.0 to 765.0 g in length and weight respectively. The lowest egg production (2193) was noted from small sized and highest was recorded (11830 eggs) from la...
Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood
N. Hajra
...s taken into account.The estimation of carbon profile comprising of carbohydrate, glucose, sucrose and total soluble sugars and nitrogen profile comprising of proteins, amino acids protease and proline. Results showed that carbon profile in plant treated with AM fungi have high to low and varied amount of carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose and total soluble sugars in different parts of the plant; amino acids and proline in nitrogen profile found in higher amount ...
Y. I. Erum and F. Shahina†
K. Nasira† and S. Shamim
...ides the information and estimation on fresh water nematode community structure from various
water sources (river, lakes, canals, ponds, reservoirs and irrigation sources: tube well and tanks) and evaluation of
feeding categories at eight collecting sites of Sindh. After analysis it was found that different parameters of
community structure of fresh water nematodes varied considerably at different surveyed sites. Nematode co...
A. M. Korayem1†, M. M. M. Mohamed1 and S. M. El-Ashry2
Magda A. Eldomiaty1,2, Manal E. Elsawaf2, Soad S. Ali3, Heba El-Sayed Mostafa4,5*
...se. After scarification, estimation of corticosterone level was conducted, and samples of adrenal gland were examined for structural changes by light and Electron microscope, and for immunohistochemical expression. Rats from group III showed statistically increased corticosterone level and increased cortical thickness compared to other groups. Voluntary exercise improved these measures in rats of group IV. Histological disorganization of cortical cells was obs...
Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Adeel Anwar1*, Syed Ijaz Ul Haq2, Muhammad Awais3, Mujahid Iqbal4, Javed Iqbal5, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi6, Raza Ullah7 and Muhammad Abdullah Khan1
...tely leads to crop yield estimation. The present experiment evaluated the capacity of high-resolution satellite imagery to estimate wheat chlorophyll content coupled with ground-based information for accurately monitoring crop chlorophyll status under rainfed conditions. Images with zero clouds from LANDSAT 8 and ground data collection were carried out in a simultaneous time frame. Vegetation indices (VI) comprised of normalized difference vegetation index (ND...
Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1
SYED ZULFIQAR ALI ABIDI, HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR, SYED SHAHID ALI, & JAVED IQBAL QAZI*
...ere used for qualitative estimation of thirteen metabolites (alkaloids, carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, phenol, phlobatannine, free amino acids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, quinine, oxalic acid and steroids). Twenty one plants showed the presence of phytochemicals. The use of piscicidal property of these plants may improve the production of aquaculture by getting rid of unwanted fish species.
Key Words: Alcoholic e...
Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*
...tal variability. for the estimation of elite coarse rice lines to withstand against the drought stress especially during early plant developmental phases and germination and seedling stage, an experiment was carried out from June to July 2021 at the Rice Molecular Breeding Laboratory of the Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Ten elite coarse rice lines were subjected to varying degrees of drought s...
Hafiz Muhammad Walayat Ali1, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Zaheer Ahmad Nazar2, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir1, Mahmood-Ul-Hasan1, Abdul Khaliq1 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal1
Asmaa A. Darwish*, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud, Mohamed T. Ragab, Amani A. Hafez
...rmonal, and iron profile estimation. The total recovery of B. melitensis was 13.50% with nearly equal percentages in sheep (13.60%), and goat (13.33%). B. melitensis isolates had bvfA gene, virB gene, and ure gene with percentages of 62.8%, 77%, and 37% respectively. B. melitensis infection in sheep and goat resulted in a significant (P˂0.05) increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), free radicals, cortisol, growth hormone, and ...
Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7
...wing areas of Punjab and estimation of losses caused by this disease. To study the dynamics of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), a comprehensive survey of kinnow (Citrus reticulate cv. kinnow), musambi (Citrus sinensis cv. musambi) and feutrell’s early (Citrus reticulate cv. feutrell’s early) orchards was conducted in tehsil Sargodha during 2017 and 2018. Correlation and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship of ACP with CG, and the ...
Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan
...d population density and estimation biochemical compounds. Considering the data on the occurrence of millipedes, two sites were identified at study area as Site I (with millipede occurrence) and Site II (without millipedes). The soil samples from both sites were subjected for the analysis of biochemical compounds such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The site which is occupied by millipede (site I) showed remarkably high quantity...
Rosidi Azis1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Sri Wahjuningsih2, Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono3, Yuli Arif Tribudi4, Veronica Margareta Ani Nurgiartiningsih2*
...tle breeding through the estimation of BW from BMs. ...
Zaib Ullah1*, Sajid Mahmood2,3, Zafar Iqbal4, Fakhar-i-Abbas5, Naveed Akhtar1 and Abdul Majid Khan6*
...gn: justify;">Population estimation survey of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus G. (Baron) Cuvier, 1823) was conducted in Kaghan and Siran Valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The different surveys (questionnaire, sighting, and sign survey) were conducted in all sites of the forests from June to November 2018. Thirteen different types of signs were observed during the field survey. Potential site selection was based on sign observation (...
Jamshid Ali1,2, Sabeeqa Usman Malik1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf1, Jia Zhongkui2, Zuhair Husnain3 and Saeed Gulzar1
Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun1,2, Al-Mamun2,3, Sanjay Kumar Mohanta2,3, Md. Farhan Tazim2,3, Mohammed Rashed Parvej 2,3, Md. Sharif Uddin2,3, Suman Barua1,2 and Liu Qun1*
Stepanus Pakage*, Daud Krey, Trisiwi. Wahyu Widayati, Deny Anjelus Iyai, Agustinus Gatot Murwanto, Alnita Baaka, Daniel Yohanes Seseray, Djonly Woran
Saad Tahir, Nadeem Ahmed*, Mohsin Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Akram, Rabia Abbas and Kausar Malik
...of HSA-SK. For half-life estimation, proteolytic and thermal stability of HSA-SK was also checked....
Guo-Hai Wang1, Ji-Feng Long2, Li-Juan Wei3, Zhi Qin2, Wei Yao4, Chuang-Bin-Tang1* and Qi-Hai Zhou4*
... by using kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to explore the animals’ time niche differentiation. Both species were found to be typical diurnal animals with two peaks in daily activity (red-bellied squirrels: 07:00-08:00 and 17:00-18:00; Northern tree shrews: 06:00-07:00 and 17:00-18:00). The overlap coefficients of red-bellied squirrels and Northern tree shrews were significantly different in dry season and rainy season. The overlap coe...
KHADIJA SUMMIA*1, ROHEELA YASMEEN*2, ALEEM UN NISA3, SAMIA DJEFFAL4 & TAHIRA JABEEN1
...amples were analyzed for estimation of aflatoxins level using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The results showed that out of 50 samples, 20 (40 %) were fit as no level of aflatoxins detected in these samples. However, 30 (60 %) were positive for aflatoxins. 15(50 %) samples were highly contaminated and unfit. However, the other 15 (50 %) samples were within the tolerance range of aflatoxins. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in all 30 samples and aflatoxin B2 ...
Saad Ibrahim Al-Sultan1, Mariam H.E. Khedr2, Ahmed S. Abdelaziz3, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez4, Tamer Mohamed Gad5, Sabry Mohamed El-Bahr6,7*, Sherief Abdel-Raheem1,8 and Hesham A. Khalifa3
Salma Sharif1, Rana Arsalan Javaid2*, Abid Majeed2, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed2, Qurat ul Ain Sani2, Faiza Siddique2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Niaz Ali1
Javed Iqbal*, Mamoona Hanif, Nadia Hussain Ahmad, Amna Bibi, Zaib-un-Nisa and Sadia Kanwal
Anas M. S. Al-Haj Afandi*, Ahmed H. F. AL-Bayati
.... While, the macroscopic estimation of implantation site revealed that neovascularization was distributed in group (B) more than that in group (A) while, the deposition of fibrous connective tissue in group (A) treatment group was denser than that in group (B). Highly incorporation between the sheet and surrounding tissue was observed in group (A) more than that in group (B). At the same time, the macroscopic changes in the caprine acellular dermal matrix trea...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim3, Imad-ul-Din Zangi4
Suneela, Sajida Mushtaq*, Sadia Maalik, Asma Waheed Qureshi and Moazama Batool
..., biodiversity refers to estimation of number of species that are present in that ecosystem. In an interrelated ecosystem, different species of insects perform different functions; act as pollinators, recycle nutrients, water and energy in many ways. In this kind of mutually dependent systems, the loss of even single species can affect the entire system very severely. Therefore, diversity estimation of insects help in conser...
Abd Elwanis, N.D.; Abou El Khair, M.A.; Afaf H. Amin; Azab, A. and A.O. Abd El Rahman
...sing different doses and estimation of the humoral immune response using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The vaccine provided a faster and more reliable • immune response against the H5N2 viral antigen after immunizing 3 weeks old chicken with a dose of 0.3 ml/bird, inoculated subcutaneously (s/c) in the nap of the neck, was fairly enough to evoke the required level of immunity. The approach through which this vaccine could be used as a possibl...
Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Lebo Ngorima, Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe
... 14.17, BIC = 37.26) for estimation of egg weight in the Lohmann brown chicken breed. The study concludes that the improvement of EWD, YW, SSA, AW, AR, EV and EL might enhance the egg weight of the Lohmann chicken breed. The EV, AW, SSA, EWD, EL, YW and AR may be chosen when breeding for enhancement of egg weight in the Lohmann brown chicken. The study outcomes may assist farmers in the egg quality traits to consider during breeding to improve the egg weight o...
SYED MUJTABA HAIDER1, KHIZAR HAYAT BHATTI1*, EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQI1, SYED MAZHAR IRFAN1,`2, & ALLAH BAKHSH GULSHAN2
ZOHAIB SAEED1, SHAHID IQBAL*1, UMER YOUNAS1,2, MUHAMMAD PERVAIZ*3, SYED MOHSIN ALI NAQVI3 & RANA RASHAD MAHMOOD KHAN3
UZMA PARVEEN1, MASROOR ELLAHI BABAR1*, NIDA BABAR2, TAHIRA MUGHAL3 & AKHTAR ALI1
...% and 3% with measurably estimation of 0.07039 (P<0.05) as indicated by HWE for the preterm and postterm conveyances while for the typical one proportion of GG, GA and AA were of 5%,10% and 5% with factually critical esteem is 1.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: If there should happen an occurrence of TNF-alpha -238 genotype of GG, GA and AA were 35%, 12% and 7% of those ladies who conveyed untimely births and in typical ones factually critical esteem was additi...
Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni
...(r = 0.549). The optimal estimation of body weight was achieved through a blend of chest circumference and body length, as indicated by the regression model: BW = -15.705 + 0.133BL + 0.457CG.0.457CG with the highest r (0.822), R2 (0.676) and adjusted R2 (0.668) and the lowest RMSE (13.427). These findings suggested that chest girth and body length can be used as predictors for body weight of adult female Kacang goats in rural areas. The findings could help far...
Iqtidar Hussain1*, Muhammad Inam Ullah Qaisrani1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Zuhair Hasnian2, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Muhammad Naeem4, Hadia Gul5 and Moneeza Abbass3
...on indices of maize with estimation of maize growth infested with parthenium allelopathy. This trial was conducted Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. Parthenium dry powder (5, 10, 15, and 20 %) mixed with soil produced variable responses regarding seed germination and seedling growth. Emergence index, mean germination time and vigour index were significantly affected by various parthenium dry powder percentages. The smaller amount of parthenium ...
Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...valuated for attenuation estimation and clearance in BALB/c mice. The B. abortus ΔpurD mutant exhibited significant attenuation of virulence and cleared from the mice spleen after 20th DPI when inoculated at the dose of 108 CFU per mice. In contrast to this, the parent RB51 strain induces splenomegaly and showed higher persistence with significantly higher splenic CFUs in the mice group at 10th and 20th DPI as compared to B. abortus ΔpurD mutant. T...
Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam
Amir Ehsan1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Amjed Ali1
Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal
...n filters require manual estimation of its parameters in the traditional restoration case. Due to this parameter adjustment, restoration filters require parameter estimation which itself is a tedious job. This study proposes a novel technique for using image fusion to dispose the restoration filter’s parameter tweaking processing. Image fusion is used to produce a single deblurred image by firstly generating multiple d...
Viranga Kumudini Jayasundara¹*, Ali Khatibi², Jacqueline Tham²
... with maximum likelihood estimation via AMOS 21 software was employed. The study showed that RDO and VS were significant and positive predictors of SDP population management. This model can be used to better understand the insights of dog-keeping practices and behaviours of dog owners for planning and implementing cost-effective and sustainable SDP population management interventions in a area.
Keywords | Responsible dog ownershi...
Zahid Rauf, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Ghayyas Ahmad and Wahiba Iqbal
Modelling of female Pupal body weight and fecundity of the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori l) strains
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Hakim Shah
... indicator for fecundity estimation and may be used for estimation of silk seed production. The findings will also be helpful in increasing silk seed production by selecting females based on pupal body weight.
Keywords: Fecundity, Pupa, body weight, Seed cocoons, Silk Seed, Bombyx mori.
...
Muhammad Farrukh Lateef1, Asad Abbas Khan2 and Muhammad Arif
Anwar Ali1, Saz Muhammad2, Zakir Hussain3, Khadim Abbas4 and Kiramat Husain5
Mubashir Jamil Khan1, Asad Abbas Khan2, Amir Saleem1, Lateef M. A.1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Mushtaq2, Abdul Ghaffoor2 Amna Btool1 and Arsalan Ali Khan1
Muhammad Afzal1, S. M. Hafeez2 and Aqeela M. Akhter3
....
Keywords: Volume estimation, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica.
...
Anwar Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Khan and Ayaz Khan Marwat
Sardar Mohammad Rafique
...ot were
established for estimation of forage production by clipping method, cover percentage and percentage soil protective cover. The study revealed 2.3 times improvement in forage production at present production level through protection (zero grazing) and fertilizer
application. The study revealed 2.3 times improvement in forage production at present production level through protection (zero grazing) and fertilizer application. The percentage vegetation c...
*Muhammad Iqbal, James A. Moore and ***Charles R. Hatch
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...institute,
Peshawar for estimation of biomass of fodder tree
species during December, 1991 to January, 1992.
Selective parameters of growth of all the sample trees
of different fodder tree species were measured. Green
weight of stem wood, branch wood, leaves and pods were
recorded separately for biomass calculation. Dry weight
after 6 weeks was also measured. The results showed that
12 years old Ceratonia siliqua yielded the highest
amongst all...
Muhammad Rafique Sardar
...se,
60 were clipped for estimation of forage production and
60 were studied for vegetation characteristics in two
seasons. The study reveled that enclosure had positive
effects on range vegetation. Vegetation recovery was
remarkably rapid. The decreasers (highly palatable)
species were reappearing. The estimated forage
production was 1234 Kg/per hectare, carrying capacity
was 1.1 ha / Markhor / annum and range condition (health) had
improved inside th...
Raja Walayat Hussain
...on of total biomass for
estimation of fuel wood from trees of different sizes.
Biomass in green form of four species grown in arid
conditions was determined using five growth models. Out
of these, allometric model gave a better result which
was used for estimation of stem, branch and total weight
separately of trees with varying diameter at breast
height....
Gerhard Stoehr
...ul information for cost
estimation of road construction projects, with the use
of angledozer, in mountainous regions of Pakistan....
M.A. Hassnain Fatime and Raja Walayat Hussain
Anjum Amin and Raja Walayat Hussain
Raja Walayat Hussain and Hassan Abbas
Estimation of diameter at breast height of Shisham (Dalbergaia sissoo Linn.) from stump measurements
Raja Walayat Hussain and S. Hassan Abbas
Raja Walayat Hussain and M. Afzal Cheema
... material. Bark volume estimation will thus help in the development and utilization of this material. 683 chir pine trees constitute the basic data for these tables. ...
Abdul Aleem
...als. As compared to 1975 estimation, an increase in male/female ratio was noticed whereas the number of young per female dropped to more than half. Males were classified into mature and over-mature categories and it was recommended that 14 males may be harvested....
Abdul Aziz Khan
...mically analysed for the estimation of nutritive value. Range of nutritive constituents of these forages has been compared with those of the common grasses of Thai, Cholistan and Kala Chitta areas. It has been concluded that since the nutritive components of these forages compare favourably well with those of the common grasses, already supporting large herds of cattle, and since no toxic component exists, these forages, by virtue of their narro...
Jan Muhammad1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2
...est model for velocities estimation. Upon the appearance of the submerged aquatic weeds, it was observed that the velocity at the uppermost layer rose while the velocity at the bottom layer decreased. A quantile regression model has been developed to establish the link between submerged aquatic weeds densities and flow velocities. ...
Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3, Abdul Waheed3*, Ecevit Eyduran4 and Muhammad Tariq5
...rtant parameters for the estimation of body weight and phenotypical characterization....
R. Javed1,2, T. Usman1, S. Niaz2, N. Ali2,3, H. Baneh4, K. Ullah5, I. Khattak1, M. Kamal1,2,
S. Bahadar6, N.U. Khan1, S. Khan1,7, Y. Wang3*, Y. Yu3* and Mostafa K. Nassar8
...heterosis) revealed that estimation of heritability was highest (0.59) for age at first calving (AFC) while lowest (0.00) for calving interval (CI), and estimation of repeatability was highest (0.99) for AFC while lowest (0.00) for CI. The results of heterosis analysis showed that crossbred (Achai x Jersey) had positive heterosis for milk composition traits and SCC while negative heterosis for LMY compared to their purebreds...
Muhammad Salman1, Rao Zahid Abbas1*, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid Mahmood2
... reduction, reproductive estimation, product effectiveness, larval mortality and tick repellency were determined. The results indicated a dose-dependent effect of C. verum essential oil showing 20% concentration to be the most effective in view of the acaricidal and the repellent activities. Hence, this essential oil can be considered as a potential candidate for the effective control of cattle tick (R. microplus)....
Xiaoping Gao1, Yanping Li2*, Renyi Zhang3, Yunyun Lv2, Yongming Wang2, Jinrong Shi2, Jiang Xie2, Chiping Kong1 and Lekang Li1
...ult of substitution rate estimation among the mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) showed ATP8 had the largest average Ka and Ka/Ks, while COI had the lowest, which implied that ATP8 might evolve more quickly than the other mitochondrial protein coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) revealed all Sinocyclocheilus species in this research formed a solid monophyletic group and grouped into two major ...
Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2
... with maximum likelihood estimation. The outcomes unveiled a technical efficiency range of 0.73 to 0.76, with an average of 0.75. Notably, variables such as seedling, ploughing, labor, FYM, and pesticide demonstrated statistically significant, while urea, DAP, and irrigation were statistically insignificant. Moreover, the study identified experience as a significant contributor to inefficiency factors affecting farmers’ technical efficiency. The research...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat, Muhammad Zeshan Maajid, Mubashar Nadeem and Amjed Ali
Never Assan1,2, Michael Musasira3, Maphios Mpofu3, Nicholas Mwayera4, Kwena Mokoena5, Thobela Louis Tyasi5*
...e of dentition-based age estimation and morphometric feature-based body weight prediction in small ruminants, particularly in small-scale animal agriculture where scales and record-keeping are often lacking.
Keywords | Body weight, Dentition, Linear body measurements, Indigenous matebele goat, Zimbabwe
...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5
Jahid Hasan Tipu1, Md Ashraful Islam2, Md Altafur Rahman3, Md. Nazim Uddin4, Obaidul Islam5*
Mohamed A. Omar, Fardos A.M. Hassan, Sara E. Shahin, Marwa El-Shahat*
...goal of the study is the estimation of the technical and scale efficiency as well as total factor productivity of cow breeds in the Egyptian governorates during the period from 2018 to 2020 using the DEA approach (output-oriented model) based on panel data collected from Central Agency for public mobilization and statistics. The results showed that the mean technical efficiency score estimated under CRS and VRS assumptions was 0.756 and 0.859, respectively. Im...
Jaafar Haider Abd Alrudah1, Nada Fadhil Abbas2*, Farah Ali Hadi1, Haider Tuma Kaab3
...CF) antigen in mice. The estimation of humoral immune responses and IgG showed that the levels of the antibodies were higher in the immunized group than in the control group. Collectively, the study revealed a high level of IgG antibodies in the serum of pigeons immunized with the attenuated WCF antigen. However, future work is warranted to use a purified vaccines to demonstrate the immune induction potentials in pigeons. ...
Bushra Shaikh1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Faheem Saddar3, Muhammad Hanif Chandio4, Majida Parveen Narejo5, Urooj Imtiaz2, Athar Mustafa Laghari4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Shahnaz Rashid5
...in July. Outcomes of egg estimation during the examination depended on 10 matured B. bagarius from Manchar Lake. Fecundity ranged between 260-554 eggs. Least egg estimation 260 was detected from fish of 41.8cm and 88.0 g in length and weight. The highest egg was 554 from 59.0 cm and 155 g in both length and weight. Total body length exhibits better relationship with fecundity of experimental fish B. bagarius from Manchar Lak...
Nameer A. Khudhair1*, Dalal K. Rahi1, Zahraa F. Jelod2, Fatima T. Ahmed2
... total bacterial account estimation. The results revealed there were significant improvements (P<0.05) in total WBC count, neutrophils and lymphocytes in animals treated with probiotics additives compared to dogs received symptomatic treatment only. RBC, Hb and HTC showed significant increase in their values for dogs after treatment with probiotics compared to their values before and after 5 days of treatment. The Ph stool and fecal occult blood were affect...
