Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
... through a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of open and closed-ended questions. Data regarding key factors such as age and ethnicity, communal domain, education level, employment status and demographic factors (drug route, drug dose) have bearing upon heroin addiction was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Early age of addiction onset, low literacy rate, peer pressure, occupation type, and stress are among risk...
Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan
...s, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the female respondents through face to face interview. Cobb-Douglas production function and cost benefit analysis were used to arrive at the main conclusion. Results show that feed cost was the major component of total cost followed by labor cost. Average milk produced by buffalo and cow was 180 and 135 liters per month, respectively. Average total costs of milk production of buffalo and cow ...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar
...ected with the help of a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 household were surveyed which make 45 percent of the total (114 households). The analysis of acquired data reveals that in 2008-09 tube well irrigated land account for 81.67 acre which decreased to 37.46 acre in 2013-14, after the dam construction. The number of parcels irrigated by tube well decreased from 158 to 75 in 2013-14. Today canal irrigation is the largest source of irrigation in the Mouza,...
Irum, Akram Shah*, Sobia Wahid, Nazma Habib Khan and Qaisar Jamal
...ried out using in-person questionnaire evaluation along with microscopic assessment of water samples for Cyclops species. Based on previous clinical records of dracunculiasis, five villages of Dera Ismail Khan including Kath Garh, Wanda Dost Ali, Chah Mundar Wala, Ketch and Gara Baloch were surveyed for a total of 206 randomly selected households, where the household heads (106 males and 100 females) were interviewed for any previous dracunculiasis lesi...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...e of AEOs by mailing the questionnaires. The results showed that overwhelming majority of the respondents i.e., 88% were M.Sc degree holders. They have had an average work experience of 16 years. Significant differences were observed among the competencies of AEOs with their participation in training programs and their higher educational qualification. The differences were considered as training needs and the AEOs need in-service training to enhance their abil...
Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah
...s, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through face to face interviews. A composite index was constructed to measure the extent of women’s participation, and a linear regression model was used to determine factors affecting women’s involvement in livestock farming. Results reveal that women were mostly involved in almost all farming activities. The average composite index value is 4.81 which indicate...
Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan
... through a well designed questionnaire from a sample of 115 tomato growers. A Cobb-Douglas type production model is used to estimate tomato yield and identify important factors affecting yield. Ordinary Least Square estimates for the model indicate that machinery, seed quantity, labor, number of irrigation, chemicals spray and fertilizers have positive significant effects on tomato yield. Allocative efficiency analysis reveals that machinery, seed quantity, nu...
Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*
...eepers using a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview in 2014 production period. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, descriptive statistics, rank orders and paired t-test. Findings revealed that bee keeping is one of the important economic activities in the area with an average annual income of Rs. 527,275/- per household. Results of paired t-test confirmed that beekeeping has significant effect on household income. On a...
Shahab e Saqib1*, Himayatullah Khan2, Sanaullah Panezai3, Ubaid Ali4 and Mazhar Ali5
...udy area. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from farming households’ heads. Credit fungibility ratio and ANOVA were used to explore the credit fungibility and credit margin of investment among the groups of farmers. Results showed that a considerable proportion of loan was used in non-agricultural activities by all farmers in general and small farmers in particular. The findings of the study suggest that a strong monitoring of farmers...
Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5
...terviewing and filling a questionnaire especially designed to record various socio-demographic characters of patients and their dietary history. Prevalence rate of anemia in the present study was found to be 78% (9.57±1.07), between age 19-40 years and it’s higher in 3rd trimester of their pregnancies. Additionally low educational status and poor dietary habits showed high risks of anemia among the pregnant women....
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam
...dy is primarily based on questionnaire survey and focus group discussion. A total of fifteen villages out of total 173 were selected for study, 75 farmers were interviewed, 05 from each of the 15 selected villages. A total of 15 focus group discussions were organised, one is each selected village. The key parameters addressed during survey were cropping pattern, sowing, harvesting date and yield per acre of different crops, pests and crops diseases, flowering ...
Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3
...). A designed structured questionnaire was prepared for the data collection as the research instrument. The data thus collected were coded on SPSS for analysis and interpretation. Results showed that there is significant difference in age and educational status of male heads and their spouses. Majority of the farm families (39.3%) earn income for their livelihoods both from farming and non-farming sources. Intensity of participation of female respondents in di...
Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed2
...shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. The p-values were found to be significant for VAS (0.001) and for DASH (0.000). The paired sample t-test was applied in two sub groups of group A and similarly in group-B. The values were statistically significant i.e., 0.001 for VAS, 0.000 for DASH. P-values obtained for VAS (0.001) and DASH (0.000) when repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied comparing four sub groups. Eccentric exercises give better ...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...t various antibiotics. A questionnaire was filled for estimation of association of assumed risk factors with prevalence. Nonparametric tests at 5% probability were applied to check significance of results. The study noted overall 33.98% (123/362) of MDR S. aureus from subclinical mastitis milk samples while 123 of 192 S. aureus isolates (64.06%) were confirmed MDR. Non-significantly higher prevalence of MDR was noted in Cholistan area (38.38%) th...
Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed
...ted through a structured questionnaire and exposure was assessed through 6-items Version of U.S. Household Food Security Survey and cohort was followed until delivery, and birth weight was recorded. Follow up could be completed for 50 women only and response rate was 49%. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and relative risk and multinomial logistic Regression were applied using SPSS version 22. Mean maternal age was 28.100+4.824 years, mean education was ...
Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid
...lected on a pre-designed questionnaire. A total of 3855 deliveries during study period in which 1318 were primigravida. Mean age in study group was 15 to 24 years. We observed mild anemia in 46% of woman, moderate anemia in 41% and severe anemia in 13% in young primigravida. Preterm delivery was noted in 25% of the females and low birth weight babies were noted by 33% in teenage and young primigravida. Statistically significant relationship was found between m...
Nadeem Akmal, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Waqar Akhtar*
...g a structured pretested questionnaire. The main influencing factor in keeping bucks was goat breed improvement. All the sample respondents were convinced of the benefits of crosses with Beetal buck and reported that the offsprings Beetal were of higher body weight (40% higher), good looking and well built. Regarding the suitability of Beetal with fodder and forage in the area, majority of the farmers (73%) considered it more suitable. There was a price differ...
Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **
...g a set of well-designed questionnaires from each site. Results showed that over last three decades, number of small and tenant farmers increased in the semi-arid zones of Pakistan due to environmental harshness in general and law of inheritance in particular. Due to increase in mean annual temperatures and irregular rain patterns, area under major crops at Kohat and productivity of major crop at Attock decreased. Bivariate correlations between mean seasonal r...
Sana Qanber Abbasi1*, Ejaz Ahmed2 and Rabia Sattar1
...sure was documented on a questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21. One way ANOVA and Independent sample T test were applied to compare the proBNP levels. A P-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Serum pro BNP levels were raised in migraine patients and also in hypertensive patients with migraine (p-value 0.00). Serum pro BNP levels were found to be raised in both migraineurs and hypertensive migraineurs but the increase was not equal.&nbs...
Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*
RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...cklist and an open-ended questionnaire were developed and used to interview a total of 200 retailers (rural and urban), 100 producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh fruits and vegetables were higher in rural markets as compared to urban markets and differences were even hi...
A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**
AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...tailed and comprehensive questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of extension activities performed by public and private sector extension field staff. The results revealed that a number of farmers received visits from private extension field staff on a fortnightly, monthly and quarterly basis, but not from public extension staff during these periods. When public field staff did visit, the favored method of extension was by exhibition and seminar...
Muhammad Shahzad*, Akhter Ali**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi**, Naveed Jehan*, Imran Ullah* and Majid Khan*
ASSESSMENT OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF PLUM IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...els using four different questionnaires. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used for the collection of data from different categories of respondents and tehsils. Post harvest losses were estimated through percentage method. The most important reasons were poor harvesting methods, over maturity, insufficient cold storage facility, poor grading, low-quality packaging materials and poor infrastructure. Total post harvest losses in the marketin...
Naveed Jehan*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla**, Muhammad Shahzad*, Abid Hussain**, Muhammad Zahoor*, Majid Khan* and Ahmed Bilal*
USE OF MOBILE PHONES BY FARMING COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY
... through well structured questionnaire by interviewing 60 farmers from district Charsadda. The data was analyzed through simple averages, correlation analysis and paired t-test. Average yield of bitter -1 gourd crop was 23569 kg acre with cell phone use of 8h per season. It is perceived that low communication cost and availability of information about wholesale market prices through SMS service and low cost calling packages will help farmers and market agents ...
Muhammad Shahzad*, Ayesha Tahir**, Naveed Jehan*** and Muhammad Luqman*
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES ON POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF STONE FRUITS IN SWAT PAKISTAN
...ected through pre tested questionnaires by proportionate random sampling procedure. Quantitative losses were estimated through percentage method while partial losses were estimated at the wholesale and retail level by price differential method. Multiple regression analysis was employed to find relation between post-harvest losses and different factors at three different stages. Findings of the study revealed the channel of cardboard box technology accounted fo...
Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**
ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
...ted through a structured questionnaire. The respondents were given training under Swiss Development Cooperation Project at the time of collection, harvesting, cleaning, drying, packing and marketing of MAPs. The overall findings revealed that the training had positive impact on farmers' revenue. If standardized, the MAPs collected, they can get fair prices for their products. The study recommends that the government and non-governmental organization should arr...
Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...a were collected through questionnaire. A multiple double log regression model was used because it has an advantage that estimated parameter can easily be explained as expendi-tures elasticity. This model is used to give details of responses in socioeconomic factors to monthly household food expenditures. Regression analysis showed that 23 % of the changes in the food expenditures were due to explanatory variables. Household incomes, marital status of househol...
Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...sing the well-structured questionnaire from two important districts recognised for area and production of groundnut. Results showed that large farmers allocated significantly higher area (34%) to groundnut cultivation compared to other categories of farmers. The gross margins were also significantly higher at large farms. Ploughing frequency, seed rate and labor mandays have positive relationship with groundnut productivity. Therefore, the provision of improve...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*
FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...ded through a structured questionnaire and face to face interviews at their fields. Majority of the host farmers found that plots with biozote had better germination and also found it a good technology for improving rice yield. Non-availability of biozote at local level, less farmers' awareness and low education level of farmers were identified as major issues in adoption of this technology in the study areas....
Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...erviews and administer a questionnaire. The results showed that farmers milking average three goats constituted the highest (47%) share, and the majority (46%) of them had a daily yield of 1-2 L/day followed by those yielding <1L/day (40%). A significantly (P<0.05) high (62%) proportion of farmers adopted a 3-4 months lactation period while longer lactation periods (>4 months) were the least adopted at 4%. A significantly (P<0.05) high proportion (...
Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun
...nstructed and structured questionnaire. Out of 177 participants, 55.36% were females and 51.41% participants were in the range of 52-75 years of age. Among 79 males, majority (45.6%) were employees, whereas 91.8% were housewives among females’ participants,. Out of 177 diabetic patients, 42 patients (23.7%) were non-compliant and 135 patients (62.5%) were found to be compliant. The normal glucose level was observed in 120/177 (67.8%) of participants. Int...
Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah
...m locations. A pretested questionnaire was used to record the morphological parameters of each individual. The results showed differences in morphological traits of different goat breeds. The facial appearance of Surguli and Damani was predominantly convex, whereas straight shape facial outline was observed in most of Gaddi and Kaghani goat individuals. The ears of Damani and Surguli goat were mostly straight, whereas Kaghani and Gaddi had rounded edge ears in...
Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
...p discussions. Total 177 questionnaires administered to sample households and 9 FGDs (Focus Group Discussions) in selected villages with the aim to understand local perceptions about changing climate, its vulnerabilities and farmers adaptive measures toward climate change in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerability matrix was used to identify livelihood resources that are vulnerable to climate change induced hazards. Results ...
Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2
... collected on structured questionnaire. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For analysing the data, profit function and multiple regression model, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were used. The average profit of large size farm was Rs. 85228 followed by medium and small farm that were Rs. 58049 and Rs. 36090 respectively. The results of independent sample t-test indicated that there is no signif...
Samiullah*, Mohammad Aslam Khan and Atta-ur-Rahman
...ve study. In addition to questionnaire survey, detailed focused group discussion was also arranged with the key stakeholders. The analysis reveals that rapid urban expansion has resulted in reduction of farmland and sub-division of landholdings into smaller land fragments. Beside urbanization, a major contributor to fragmentation is the law of inheritance, which divides the land among successors. In the absence of specific policies on land consolidation or dev...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...mation collected through questionnaire survey. Results confirmed the occurrence of leopard at six out of twelve sampling sites surveyed, in the form of evidences including pug marks, cave/ den, and dead bodies (two carcasses and one skin) of the animal. Moreover, three kill records of the animal in a short duration of six months are indicative of its illegal hunting for its skin or in self-defense. Therefore, immediate conservation measures are needed to prote...
Naveed Akhtar1, Humaira Zareen2* and Rubina Sarmad3
... were assessed through a questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were measured by Sysmex while mid upper arm circumference and (MUAC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured with the help of measuring tape and weighing machine, respectively.
Results: Mean age of the students was 19.5 ± 2.1. All the participants were unmarried, 108 (94.7%) liked traditional food, and 84 (73.3%) had a habit of daily breakfast intake. Most of the students...
Fouzia Hadi Ali1, Farhat Naz2, Aban Abid Qazi3
... the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1100 doctors with a response rate of 83%. The sequential model was tested by applying Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling 3.2.
Results: The sequential model proved significant with a partial mediation of work life balance and vitality at work between the relationship of positive psychological capital and work performance.
Conclusion: The...
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...d Methods: The DREEM questionnaire was conducted on undergraduate medical students (n=300) of Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, during the month of June 2015.
Results: Two eighty-six (n=286) of the 300 students (95.33%) completed the questionnaire. Analysis of these subjected indicated a total mean score of 113.68. Mean for students’ perception of learning was 26.65±10.23...
Naveed Rashid*1, Muhammad Aamer2, Uzma Malik3, Nimra Arif4, Muhammad Waqar Akram5 and Ayesha Irshad6
...Each patient was given a questionnaire comprising of 21 questions during his/her routine dialysis. Knowledge of ESRD patients was categorized into poor (<50%), average (50-70%) and good (> 70%).
Results: Out of 138 patients, 94% had good knowledge about AVF self-care and 99% had good attitude about AVF access care. However a few practices like daily AVF thrill checkup, pre-hemodialysis AVF site washing and pre and post hemodialys...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...filled forms and through questionnaire. Total 1332 blood samples were collected from 3 tehsils of District Mansehra. Out of which, 725 were found positive for dengue fever infection. Out of 725 positive cases, 410 (56.5%) were males and 315 (43%) were female’s patients. The high rate of DENV infection was found in the age group of 10-20 years that was 133(57.3%) followed by age group of 31-40 years that was 129 (57%) and 41-50 years that was 96 (57%). Th...
Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam
...ata were collected using questionnaire and were analyzed using the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square method. The result showed an overall gini-coefficient for gender inequality in schooling of 0.35, with the value for boys and girls at 0.35 and 0.49 respectively. Mother’s education, age of the household heads, marital status, dependency ratio, farm size and the average time spent by the children on the farm were found to significantly influe...
Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan1
...ad of district Mardan. A questionnaire was used to collect data proportionately from 93 sample respondents. Budget allocation technique is used for calculation of cost, revenue and profit and dummy approach is used for comparative analysis while multiple regression model is used to estimate the relationship between inputs and output of wheat. Per acre yield of wheat production in district Mardan was 1809.032 kgs. while in district Peshawar it was 2143.230 kgs....
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
...zzed by using structured questionnaires in two related districts that is Haripur and Mansehra in the year 2013-14. The data were analyzed by using SPSS Package version 22 for calculating marketing marginal analysis and cross-tabulation were also been employed. The studied statistics of the land size of chosen pea’s farmers fluctuated amongst 0.878 to 31.26 acres having mean of 4.524 acres. Moreover, maximum merchants and Beoparis credited the output of p...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...ed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewhat finance limited factor. Total 17 and 1 out of 34 cases were sufficiently and well literate, respectively and aware about weaning process. In our study 47, 39 and 14 % mothers belonging to lower middle, middle and higher middle class background, respectively and 9, 34, 21, 19 and 17 % infants started weaning at age of 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12 months, respective...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...hered through a pre-form questionnaire. Results revealed that prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 5.88%. Statistical analysis revealed significant association of age (OR= 3.267; CI = 1.686-6.331) and herd size (OR = 2.600; CI = 1.421-4.760) with CCIT positivity. Similarly, induction of new animals into the herd (OR= 2.661; CI = 1.758-4.028) and sheltering the animals at night (OR= 2.448; CI = 1.568-3.882) also showed association with a positive skin test. Th...
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...rvey method by filling a questionnaire. Farmer’s perceptions on agriculture LD were measured through the extent of severity scale in terms of LD dimensions and indicators resulted from water, tillage, soil, salinization, and overgrazing. Moderate (0.49) index of water degradation and the changing climatological index were light but the reduction of drainage density of water runoff and slope gradient reduction of soil index was severe. The tillage degrada...
Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1
...uja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of human parvovirus B19 using SERION ELISA Classic Parvovirus B19 IgG/IgM kits. A total of 171 (52.5%) of women had IgG antibody to Parvovirus B19 while 31 (9.5%) were positive for IgM antibody. Demographics including age group, educational status, occupation, type of marriage, number ...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3
...e-tested semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview. The collected data were subjected to analysis using descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, and rank orders. The results revealed that women were involved in buffalo, cattle, goats and sheep rearing with higher possession of small ruminants (goats and sheep), while men were found dominant in large ruminants’ possession (buffalo and cattle). Women’s higher time allocati...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...aphylococci (CNS). A questionnaire was used to record risk factors associated with occurrence of SCM and results were analyzed using non-probability statistical analysis. Results indicated that an overall 63.28% (243/384) of goats were found positive for SCM, of which 58.85% (143/243) revealed Staphylococcal growth among them 69.93% (100/143) were CPS, while 30.07% (43/143) were found as CNS. Drug susceptibility against penicillins, cephalosporins, ...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
... test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range (48.18% and 46.09%, respectively). S. aureus was isolated from 53.03% of the milk samples, with significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence in Cho...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...ected through pre-tested questionnaire. Data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21.0. Results of current study showed that barriers to complete vaccination course were lack of information, myths, un-availability, non-affordability, fear of side effects and fear of lack of safety of vaccination procedure/ dirty needles. Analysis revealed a significant association between maternal education and barriers to complete vaccination course.
Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1
...lected through pretested questionnaire from 30 kinnow exporters out of total 40 exporters. Personal interviews were conducted by selecting convenient sampling technique. Along with export margin analysis of both markets, an effort is made to quantify impact of the major determinants on export of mandarin (Kinnow) to UAE and USA. According to data properties and suitability, multiple regression analysis technique is used for UAE and binary logistic regression t...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...milarly, semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection while descriptive statistics and Cob Douglass Production Function were used for data analysis. The results indicate that all rice grower were literate while the secondary level was more than the other level, followed by intermediate level. Similarly, in category of family size the number in above 15 category was found more than the other categories followed by 8-15 category. The Cob Douglass P...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...posed via well-regulated questionnaires from one hundred livestock farmers of diverse Tehsil/Union Council of District Lasbela. The findings of the study exhibited that trivial farm holders widely used livestock for income generation. Furthermore, livestock have a predominant role to accomplish the rudimentary needs of the households. Moreover, livestock offer opportunities of income generation and to spend it on education, health and housing, which eventually...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
... cotton area. Pre-tested questionnaire was developed for the collection of data 320 cotton farmers’ respondents for the year of 2015-16 including 160-credit user and 160 non-credit users. The study employed stochastic production frontiers function for the empirical estimates of credit on cotton production. Empirical estimates of study have denoted, significant and positive coefficient of credit has positive impact on the production of cotton in both dist...
Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen4
...ected through structured questionnaire from the heads of the farming households (HH) and analysed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. It was found that majority (62%) of the farmers were in the age groups of 41-60. HH size of the farmers was 6-9 members per HH. Farming experience of the HH heads was 21-31 and above years as reported by 63.33% of the respondents. Chi-square P-values pointed that age, HH size and farming experience have positive relat...
Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2*
...ected through pre-tested questionnaire. Three villages namely; Kundipiran, Kariandarar and Kulpana from union council Kahori were purposively selected. The study indicated that the majority of the sampled respondents were female. To compare the size of livestock holding paired t-test was used. Productivity of livestock kept by sampled respondents has increased significantly. About (100%) of the sampled respondents stated that there is increase in livestock pro...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...ar region of Pakistan. A questionnaire based cross-sectional based survey was conducted in 30 commercial and subsistent farms in Pothohar region of Rawalpindi district, Punjab. Where randomly 196 lactating buffaloes were sampled. Data on several health, management and bio-security variables was collected in face to face interviews from farmers, managers and owners. Milk samples collected were subjected to California Mastitis Test.Data entry and validation was ...
Muhammad Saleem Hanif1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1,*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan2, Irfan4, Hamid Majeed5, Muhammad Altaf3
...en through well prepared questionnaire. It was observed fishermen in both study sites were of 20 -55 year of age having maximum family size of 7-10 individuals. Illiterate fishermen were recorded to be 50 and 40 % at head Punjnad and Taunsa, respectively. Fishermen maximum yearly income at both study sites were in the range of 70,000 - 80,000 PKR (Pakistan rupees). The study had confirmed most of the fishermen were living in poor conditions which accounts 60 a...
Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi1
Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1
...istan, a semi-structured questionnaire survey consisting of 40 sub questions was evaluated by interviewing the peach growers in Swat, Malakand. The current survey described the knowledge, behavior, agricultural practices and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 and sample collection points were presented on map by using software Arc GIS. The response o...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5
...were interviewed through questionnaire method. After taking written consent from each participant or guardian, 5 ml of blood was collected from each participant and brought to the working laboratory for HBV and HCV screening through ICT kit method. All ICT positive samples were further confirmed through ELISA. Individuals 25(8.2%) were found positive for both hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Anti hepatitis C antibody (Anti-HCV antibody) after initial sc...
Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2
...the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that skillful and experienced tenants were given preference by the landlord. But due to non-availability of extension department and its trainings, illiterate and untrained tenants are involved in agricultural practices. The physical inputs and investment efforts lead to long term duration for the tenants which usually make interest of the landlord to offer the land on fixed tenancy contr...
Majid Khan, Naveed Jehan*, Muhammad Zahoor and Nadia Naz
...ected through structured questionnaire from 159 farmers. Monthly farmers’ income was calculated from the total crop and non-crop income. The results revealed that the poverty ratio and Poverty Gap index were 8.3 percent and 0.016 percent for the Virginia tobacco growers and 42.52 percent and 0.076 percent for the non-tobacco growers, respectively. This shows that the Virginia Tobacco growers poverty status was better. Therefore, tobacco is recommended as...
Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan3
...a, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary dataset from rural women through face to face interviews. A women’s participation index was designed to compute the degree of women’s involvement, and a multiple linear regression model was proposed to measure factors influencing women’s participation in livestock management practices. The computed value of the mean composite index was 4.81 which showed that women f...
Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed1
...ution were selected. The questionnaire was developed for survey of Camel farmers and information regarding the age of respondent, experience, type of community, feeding/watering pattern of camels, prevailing camel diseases in the area, treatment facilities, traditional remedies used by them against various diseases in camels and economic losses were collected. A total of one thousand and forty (n=1040) camel owners/respondents from three groups viz settled, tr...
Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1
...P). Through a structured questionnaire, key questions were asked to gather data with respect to inputs utilization and socio-economic characteristics of selected sample of sugarcane growers. Using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), mean technical efficiency of sugarcane crop in KP was around 70 percent ranging from minimum 53 to maximum possible efficient level of 98 percent. Results of study indicate that on average with same technology and resource base, yi...
Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2
...bution of the structured questionnaire. Information was collected from Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) provinces, Kashmir and Islamabad. A total of 167 farmers and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most probably due to shyness only 37 contributed in data collection process. In the perspectives of health-promoting properties of broccoli 62% ...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan
...i. The study is based on questionnaire survey. In Utla only 40 households practice transhumance, and the present study covers all the households who practice transhumance. Land use data were collected from revenue office Topi. Patterns of transhumance in Utla reflected the distinctive environmental and socio-economic conditions. The system and schedule devised by the local population is based on indigenous knowledge and is for the better management of forests,...
Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh
...btained using structured questionnaires. Sixty-four (25.6%) out of 250 women had at least one STI. The overall prevalence of syphilis, HIV, HBV, HCV and HSV-2 were 28(11.2%), 21(8.4%), 10(4.0%), 5(2.0%) and 0% respectively. Women who were married, unemployed, aged 15-35 years and of low-income earners had a higher prevalence of STIs. Factors such as a history of STIs in women and husbands, blood transfusions, genital ulcers and trimesters were significantly re...
Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain
...ct the sample. Self made questionnaires, filled through interviewed process from the random selected farmers were used as a tool for collecting primary data. The raw data is tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The analyzed data is used to develop the mathematical model. Simplex method is applied to find the optimal solution of the model, which showed 10.18% increase in the net revenue per year. ...
Khalid Khan1, Marguerite Wotto2, Saima Liaqat3, Gulawar Khan1, Balach Rasheed1, Sara Rafiq4 and Guo Xiangyu5*
...nants. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from one hundred tomato growers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selection of the farmers. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate the technical efficiency and performance of the farmers. The study results disclosed that all explanatory variables have a positive impact on the farmers’ technical efficiency apart from pesticides. Additionally, the average t...
Rashid Nawaz*1, Iftikhar Hussain1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...he data gathered through questionnaire distributed among 213 respondents representing
24 cement plants were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed KPIs are supposed to
assist the decision makers in achieving environmental sustainability. Among the 11 KPIs identified, the KPI “Total
amount of Emissions in Metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year” was identified as having the highest impact on
enviro...
24 cement plants were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed KPIs are supposed to
assist the decision makers in achieving environmental sustainability. Among the 11 KPIs identified, the KPI “Total
amount of Emissions in Metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year” was identified as having the highest impact on
enviro...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
... through a comprehensive questionnaire containing twenty-six questions. Comparing circumstances and outcome of construction projects with remaining part of the country, the study finds that the cost of work in FATA / PATA and restive regions of Baluchistan is substantially high due to multiple factors and therefore recommendations a construction model for creating ideal circumstances for expediting pace of development and assuring timely completion of projects...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
... through a comprehensive questionnaire containing twenty-six questions. Comparing circumstances and outcome of construction projects with remaining part of the country, the study finds that the cost of work in FATA / PATA and restive regions of Baluchistan is substantially high due to multiple factors and therefore recommendations a construction model for creating ideal circumstances for expediting pace of development and assuring timely completion of projects...
Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4
Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...well-designed structured questionnaire. The descriptive, inferential statistics, chi square statistics and simple linear regression models were used. The results of the study highlighted that 72.2% of the farmer’s incomes increases due to microcredit’s facility and due to increase in income, the farmers are able to get more access to the health facilities than before. 82.2% farmer’s response indicated that the microfinance have a positive and...
Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...omprehensive
questionnaire containing twenty-six questions. Comparing circumstances and outcome of construction projects with
remaining part of the country, the study finds that the cost of work in FATA / PATA and restive regions of Baluchistan
is substantially high due to multiple factors and therefore recommendations a construction model for creating ideal
circumstances for expediting pace of development and as...
Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4
Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
... using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for data analysis. The results showed a greater awareness level among the peach (P. persica L.) growers about ICTs. Moreover, the analysis indicated that more than 75 % of farmers are in use of a single or multiple type of ICTs. Among the sampled farmers, 70% of the farmers perceived ICTs as useful for farming activities. The analysis also revealed that 58.5% of the farme...
Amjad Hussain1, Ata Ur Rehman2, Zia Ur Rehman Tahir3, Aftab Ahmad1, Fahad Noor3, Qasar Wasique Ahmad1
INVESTIGATION OF EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION ABOUT LEAN IMPLEMENTATION
...been collected through a questionnaire (α=0.85) from four textile organizations (N=339; white collars and blue collars employees working at the shop floor); level and maturity of lean implementation in each organization was done before conducting the study. It has been concluded that white collar work group perceptions about Kaizen implementation are more positive than blue collar employees. Moreover, employees with the lowest positive perception are lik...
Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...observations, structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions supported by secondary data sources. Three hundred adult residents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the total households. Respondents’ perceptions were investigated about the occurrence of flash floods, flood damages, nature of aff...
Sikandar Bilal Khattak, Iftikhar Hussain, Rashid Nawaz
EVALUATING THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION FOR PAKISTAN VIA ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
... are carried out through questionnaire or interviews. Similarly, this papers also uses the questionnaire for data collection. The collected data is analyzed with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The pair wise comparison (From-To) charts are generated for all central tendency measures. These measures are used as input for AHP independently. The factors are ranked on the basis of their Eigen values obtai...
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8
Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
...hrough a semi structured questionnaire. Recruitment of participants was done from different universities of Pakistan. The results showed that the students are more concerned about their family members (p=0.00). Under this influence they have increased the frequency of handwashing and use masks when they have to go outside. More than half of the students (53.09%) were afraid of the COVID-19 and similar pattern was noted about depression (54.86%). About 57.5% st...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from the two upazila (Monirampur and Abhaynagar) at Jessore district. A total of 52 small house-holds and 183 cattle were observed the study period from 15 June to 15 August 2019. LSD was diagnosed on the basis of present clinical signs guided by the OIE manual. All data were analyzed by Epi Info 7 and SPSS statistical software. Analyzed data revealed that young female cattle were mos...
Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman4
...hrough self-administered questionnaires. In order to observe coagulant effect according to Pakistan National Environmental Quality (Standards (Pak-NEQS), the collected samples were treated in the laboratory for identification and recommending suitable coagulant. Three different treatments were practiced i.e. Alum, Lime and Alum+ Lime. For alum, lime and alum + lime the settling time interval was 40, 35 and 20 minutes respectively. Results revealed that the com...
Shagufta Parveen1*, Kousar Perveen1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani2, Muhammad Musadaq3
...fant and recorded in the questionnaire. Weight and height of each infant was measured in kilograms and cm, respectively, and recorded. Data was entered in SPSS version 26 and analyzed for results. A total of 200 infants were included in the study, of which 94 (47%) of infants were less than 6 months old, and 106 (53%) were 6-12 months old. 102 infants (51%) were male and 98 (49%) were female. 113 (56.5%) infants under study were started weaning at less than 6 ...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5
Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...h the help of structured questionnaire. Different questions related to demographic attributes, training needs and constraints faced by professionals affecting their performances. Collected data were analyzed with the help for SPSS, results revealed that majority of the were included training professionals did not get any training at national/ international level. Moreover, they were facing many constraints, which affect their performance like limited of financ...
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...tructured, well-designed questionnaire. Data obtained were coded, analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, marketing margin, marketing efficiency, Probit model analysis, five point Likert scale and principal component analysis. The results revealed that most (86.33%) of the soyabean marketers were between the ages of 31-60 years, about 83.33% of soyabean marketers had less than 5 years marketing experiences. Cost of tra...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan
Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
...owers through structured questionnaire. The selection of farmers was based on proportional allocation technique in the selected villages. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas production function were applied. The study found that the per acre profit of sugarcane was 289.82 US$. Labour and fertilizers costs were found major components in the total variable cost. The profit margin was obtained as 37.37%. Empirical results of regression...
Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4
Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...vely. A well- structured questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). According to the results of the survey, the majority of the respondents perceived that factors such as global warming and climate change, unproductive land, depleting water resources, unavailability of drought-tolerant crop varieties, lack of health facilities, lack of awareness ...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
... through semi-structured questionnaires in 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes have been collected, among which forty-eight belonged to angiosperm families and 2 families were gymnosperms. This comprises 39 herb, 14 shrubs, and 16 trees, respectively. The study postulated on the certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though former interviews for the documentation of accurate indigenous kno...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...rs were recorded through questionnaire. A total of 405 women of child bearing age were serologically tested for T. gondii antibodies through immuno-chromatographic technique using strips (CTK, USA) and Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunossorbant Assay (i-ELISA). The study revealed that overall 57.28% sero-prevalence was recorded in women of child bearing age. Highest (56.46%) seroprevalence was recorded in pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women (43....
Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar
Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Nine village councils from three districts were selected through random sampling techniques. The data were collected from 393 sample households and were analyzed by using paired sample t-test through Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics, percentages, and rank orders. Farm labor transformation was found significantly affecting the earnings of households’ in the study area. Data ...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...validated and pre-tested questionnaire from all the selected ten tehsils of the selected districts in which all EFS (95) respondents comprised of Field Assistants (FAs) and Agriculture Officers (AOs) served as respondents. Five-point Likert scale (Likert 1967) was used to record the response of respondents. Results showed that a majority of the respondents (85.3 %) were FAs by designation, almost half of them (50.5 %) were of middle age (> 35 to 50 years), ...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
... theileriosis. Through a questionnaire, the data regarding animals as well as herds characteristics were gathered to define the risk factors favors the spread of Theileria spp. infection. 24% and 8.5% Theileria infection identified through PCR and microscopic examination during present investigation. The PCR detected 14.5% and 9.5% Theileria piroplasms infection in sheep and goats, respectively. Among Theileria species, PCR identified the incidence of T. lesto...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...designed well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to two hundred and seven (207) small-holder rural rice farming households. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logit Model, Gini-Coefficient, Double-Log Regression Model, (Cobb-Douglas) and Principal Component Analysis. The results of the Multinomial Logit regression model show that among the significant ...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...s and surveyed through a questionnaire. The results of data analyses revealed gender wise differences in perceived level of CTIPs, CTS and AA in favor of female students. Students of physics were found better in CTS and students of chemistry were found better in academics. Teachers of chemistry were employing CTIPs more frequently than the other departments. The results also revealed that CTIPs had good predictability of CTD of science students while CTS and C...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
...a were collected through questionnaire from 300 respondents who were recently appointed as Field Assistants (FAs) in Agriculture Department. Total 237 questioners returned by the respondents were found complete, thus, sample size was reduced to 237. Effective Schools Model presented by Lezotte (2010)” was employed as theoretical framework of this study. Collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results unveiled ...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
...ected through structured questionnaire. The research revealed that majority of the respondents i.e. 50% were in the age limit between 31-40 years. Almost 36.25% respondents had elementary level education. Further, it is reported that 28.75% respondents had 30 acres landholding, while 28.75% of the farmers having upto 20 acres landholding. Land tenure system of the respondents were examined and found that most samples i.e. 64 % were in absentia training load (z...
Muhammad Ajmal1, Saima Mustafa1, Fizza Ibrahim Bajwa1, Cheng Zhou2, Guangdong Wen2, Soe Lwin Myint2, Syed Irfan Raza3, Ihtasham Bukhari4, Mubashir Hassan5, Muhammad Faisal6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...the enrolled subjects. A questionnaire was filled for each subject on the sampling site in order to collect epidemiological data associated with the disease. Patients from both families exhibited congenital atrichia with papular lesions (APL) including hair loss in the scalp, pubic and other body parts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify all the over lapping intron exon regions of HR gene followed by DNA sequencing. Analysis of the DNA ...
Iftikhar Alam1, Atta Ulllah Jan1, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*
...f nutrition. The initial questionnaire for ‘Round one’ consisted of single-open-ended, asking the experts to identify at least five most important nutrition research areas. Consequent upon repeated consensus building process, the experts identified and agreed upon ten most important nutrition research areas. The three most important of these, as rated by participants, were: undernutrition and its determinants, factors and nutritional determinants o...
Tanay Dineshkumar Shah
...ere 213 responses on the questionnaire which contained 14 questions. The survey results show that 16% of the people consider mushrooms as non-vegetarian, about 14% of the people were not cleared whether they have consumed mushrooms in their lifetime. Among those who are regular mushroom eaters, 50% preferred eating button mushrooms and almost 32% of the people preferred Oyster mushrooms. Through the results, it can be concluded that people have a misconception...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...ied risk factors through questionnaire showed significant difference which were open house system and untreated water source. Other risk factors which includes small scale, not using probiotic and poor biosecurity were not significant enough in association to occurrence of C. jejuni. Based on the risk factors that have been identified, control measure to reduce the occurrence was; by changing the open housing system into close housing system, using trea...
Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*
...5-10 years. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used for collection of data for the parameters: socio-demographics, anthropometrics, and dietary intake. Data on anthropometrics included measurement of weight, height and BMI. Age and anthropometrics (weight, height and BMI) were used for z-score calculation following WHO standards and using WHO AnthroPlus software. Dietary data were collected in a 24-HR Dietary Recall Questionnaire
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1, Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
...ted following structured questionnaire method. A total of 490 poultry and pets were killed by mongoose during the study period, summing up to an estimated cost of 0.126 million PKRs (784 US$). The highest (n=56) depredation was recorded at Naugran and Mehmoodabad locality and the lowest (n=14) at Rata and Thara localities. Most (66%) attacks were observed in summer season; the preferred (32%) attack timing was the morning time. Three retaliatory killings were ...
Muhammad Adnan Fahad1, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Imtiaz Ali2
...nagement practices using questionnaire proforma. The losses in five improved watercourses (lined sections) were 9, 28, 5, 11 and 20% per 1000 meter, respectively while that of unlined sections of the same watercourses were 23, 30, 50 and 21 % per 1000 m, respectively. Losses in unimproved watercourses were 27, 62, 55, 55 and 40 % per 1000 m, respectively. The conveyance efficiencies of five improved watercourses (lined sections) were 91, 72, 95, 89 and 80 % pe...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...ew using semi-structured questionnaire schedule was carried out for primary data. Cobb Douglas production function, multiple regression, and paired t-test were used for the analysis of collected data. Multiple regression model revealed that family labor (p=0.68), age(p=0.007), family size (p=0.001), experience (p=0.007), harvesting (p=0.000) and maintenance of flowering plants (p=0.057) have significant effect on honeybee productivity. Labour cost and migratio...
Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta
...rated by semi-structured questionnaire using personnel interview. On top of this, the focus group discussion was carried out on particular topics to supplement primary data source discussions. Both descriptive statistics and a probit regression model was employed for analysis. The descriptive statistics revealed that 127 sampled farmers participated in cluster crop production, while the remaining 33 were not. On the other hand, the result of probit model regre...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...spondents for structured questionnaires. In addition to this, 30 fish traders and 8 fish hotel owners specialized in fish dish were used as key informants. The average age of fishermen was around 36 which were in active force age group (< 65 years). Most (97%) of the fishermen used gillnets imported from Egypt with mesh size of 4-6 cm stretched mesh size < 8 cm which is the national standard. There are three commercially important fish species, common ca...
Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah
...ategy using a structured questionnaire as a tool for collecting data and used for various factors responsible for food security status and the affect they have on food security at the household level. We used binary regression analysis to identify factors affecting food security in the target area. This investigation discloses that 90 % of the sampled households are suffering from food insecurity. From the exponential values of coefficient binary logistic regr...
Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1
...elp of a semi-structured questionnaire. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas production function were applied. Therefore, the labour, tractor, and fertilizers were found major components in the total variable cost. The profit per acre was obtained as Rs.12714. The profit margin was obtained at 32.48%. Empirical results of the regression model found tractor, fertilizer, seed, and pest/weed inputs positive and significant, with coeffic...
Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon
...
Method: Structured questionnaire on general knowledge, practice and productivity indicators was
administered thrice to participating household poultry farmers alongside administration of feed based
V4 thermostable ND vaccination in chickens. Sera obtained from forty (40) chickens per LGA during
pre-vaccination, post-vaccination and post-booster vaccination with NDV4 thermostable vaccine were
subjected to He...
Rahmat Gul1*, Imran Khan1, Iftikhar Alam2, Zia Uddin1 and Zafar Iqbal3
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
...Peshawar. To this end, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 105 industries and relevant government departments were interviewed. The solid waste generation rate for the operating industries was 125,481 kg/ day. Only 33% of the waste generated is reused, and 26% is sold to the community at low cost. About 41% solid waste is thrown away as waste. Fifty percent of discarded waste (41%) is properly collected and disposed of. These wastes include wood (27%)...
Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9
...administered, pre-tested questionnaire with a total of 26 questions. Self-administered survey forms were used to collect data from several disciplines. Every correct and incorrect response was given a score of yes or no in order to assess the knowledge. For the purposes of assessing Attitude and Practice, each correct response received a score of (yes), a neutral response received a score of (don’t know), and an erroneous response received a score of (No...
Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja
...licited using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the average age of respondents was 43 years; majority (85%) of respondents were males with 16 years’ experience in exotic chicken production; 75% were married and 48% had secondary education. The mean household size was 5 persons. Budgetary analysis showed a net return of ₦930,700.00 per annum and return on investment was ...
Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3
...chnique, using organized questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used. The research used Rogers’ Theory of Innovation Diffusion, Rogers and Burde’s Theory of Social Change. The findings from the study have shown that GSM, radio, television, camera, internet, computer, CD/DVD player and VHS video are the most commonly used ICT components in various aspect of extension work. The multiple regression r...
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
...e data were collected by questionnaire survey. A total of 110 hunters were interviewed from 10 different hunting camps and record of capturing was documented from 2012 to 2015. The results revealed that 11.8% (n=13) hunters captured the cranes by hand, 36.4% (n=40) hunters captured them by Soai, while 51.4% (n=57) hunters employed both of these methods to capture cranes. In total, 7947 cranes were captured during the study period. Age wise segregation showed t...
Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4*
...iya Upazila. A pretested questionnaire was implemented during sample collection for identifying the associated risk factors of udder lesions and SCM, and to identify the association of udder lesions with SCM. Clinical inspection, palpation and observation were the main tools for determining the udder lesions whereas California Mastitis Tests (CMT) were used for the diagnosis of SCM. Milk samples from CMT positive cows and swab samples from cows’ udder su...
Tilahun Woretaw1, Netsanet Beyero2*, Yonatan Kassu3
...ion, and semi-structured questionnaire interviews were employed to generate data. The descriptive data were analyzed by percentages, means, and standard errors of the mean. At the same time quantitative data were subjected to ANOVA. P. schimperiana leaves and twigs were used as animal feed, traditional medicinal value, and source of income as indicated by 100, 59.4, and 44.6% of respondents, respectively. As animal feed, about 100, 80.2, 69.3, 58.4, 50.5, 42.6...
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
...ole in disease spread. A questionnaire-based study was conducted to identify the conditions and circumstances of CTVT affected dogs that presented to veterinary practices over a 12-month period. The practices were convenience-sampled on the basis of voluntary participation. Forty practices were approached, and veterinarians from 24 practices agreed to participate. Data were provided on 96 original presentations, excluding revisits, of which 47.92% were intact ...
Murat Kulekçi1, Ecevit Eyduran2, Ayaz Yusuf Altın2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*
... realize this purpose, a questionnaire form including several questions i.e. honey yield per beehive of enterprise, age of enterprise, educational level of enterprise, migratory status of enterprise (yes and no), other working area except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives and bee race (Caucasian and others), were elaborated. In MARS algorithm, no over-fitting problem was observed under a set of explanatory variables consisting of number of f...
Muhammad Niamatullah1, Abdur Rehman1* and Raheel Saqib2
...well-designed structured questionnaire using simple random sampling procedure. Regression analysis as a statistical method was used to assess the impact of tube well irrigation on agriculture production, household annual income, poverty line, kinds of land, sources of irrigation and inputs used on land. The significant (P<0.05) impact of household annual income of farmers was observed on agriculture production. The significant (P<0.01) impact of househol...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2,
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4,
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...istribution, density and questionnaire method applied to assess threats. Analysis of data revealed that four freshwater turtle species including Indian flapshell turtle (Lissemys punctate), Indian narrow headed softshell turtle (Chitra indica) Indian softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) and Crowned river turtle (Hardella thurjii) were identified and distributed in all study zones. Lissemys punctata was recorded as the most common (73.72%) species while Harde...
Shoaib Hameed1, Shakeel Ahmad1, Jaffar Ud Din2 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz3*
...ltiple survey techniques questionnaire surveys, sign surveys and camera trapping were used during the period 2008–2010 in five study blocks delineated on natural watersheds in Pakistan’s Chitral district. Based on questionnaire surveys, sign surveys and direct sighting, Himalayan brown bear presence was confirmed only in the Yarkhun and Laspur valleys. Ninety-six respondents (59 from Laspur Valley and 37 from Bro...
Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1*
...vel. The semi-structured questionnaire was designed as per the literature and used to collect leptospirosis associated risk factors along with serum samples from eight non-vaccinated dairy herds. The collected serum samples (n=56) were examined for detection of leptospiral antibodies using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), the gold standard serological test. The Chi-square and odds ratio analyses were employed to identify the important risk factors for...
Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura*
...s was gathered through a questionnaire-based survey that was carried out by interviewing forty-seven Small ruminants farmers (both males and females) of mixed ages. The average FAMACHA© score for the goats was three while for sheep the average score was 2.62. Ninety-eight goats (60%) had a FAMACHA© score of three and above while fourteen sheep (52.4%) had a FAMACHA© score of three and above. There was a high occurrence of haemonchosis in goats c...
Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Punjab, Pakistan
Nadeem Raza1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Ali Ahmed Sheikh2, Muhammad Usman1*, Quratulain Mujahid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rizwan4
... 2019 to January 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect data regarding potential risk factors like gender, age and tick infestation. Serological examination revealed the positive percentage of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in camels was 2.47% (10/405). Risk factor analysis showed that gender, age and tick infestation are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of borreliosis in camels. This study may play an important role in the transmission of ...
Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...ed and self-administered questionnaires. The study has employed multiple regression model to estimate the relationship amongst the variables. The empirical estimation indicates that all variables except household’s size and agriculture land holding have shown positive and significant influence on income from the NTFP’s. Household’s size and agricultural landholding were found negatively associated with household’s income from the NTFP&r...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5
...ey was conducted through questionnaire distribution among 1000 literate persons who could easily read English i.e. physicians, veterinarians, lawyers, livestock farmers, managers and other literate stakeholders. This survey comprised of a variety of questions related to one-health, use of antibiotics, antibiotics (ABs) residues in milk, meat and yogourt, the role of food safety, organizations, antibiotic resistance, compromise on human health and harmful impli...
Bambang Yudi Ariadi1*, Rahayu Relawati1, Barbara Szymoniuk2 and Waris Ali Khan3
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
... using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, mean, and standard error of the mean as well as inferential statistics, namely, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and the post-hoc tests were used to analyse the data. Out of 622 respondents, 66.9% were females while 33.1% were males. This study revealed significant association between the respondents’ gender and their education status ...
Asim Zubair1*, Iffat Batool2 and Ghulam Akbar Malik3
...tudy’s sample. The questionnaire was utilized by the researchers to gather data. Statistical analysis was done to see the either NGOs were playing their best role in Agricultural Sector or not. To examine the research hypothesis, a chi square test was also used. The findings revealed that NGOs had a favorable impact on agriculture....
Juweria Abid1, Hooria Latif2, Amir Sohail2, Saroosh Fatima Tahir Syed2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Tooba Asif4 and Muhammad Farooq5*
...physical activity. SCOFF questionnaire results showed 90% of positive results while the 10% of the population need further examination. The collected data results were mostly positive for example normal BMI ranges were found with a percentage of 57.3, the rate of binge eating in shorter periods was found to be rare and also no prominent binge eating was noticed during exam days which means no notable presence of any Eating Disorder was found but some factors l...
Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4
...ected through structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, statistical tools such as budgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each farmer of the FBS approach had a mean profit of ₦ 81,134.65 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.09. The results of logistic regression revealed that the age of cocoa farmer, level of education, extension contact, farm size and cocoa annual income are major determinants...
Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5
...he help of a predesigned questionnaire. Frequency distributions, percentages, and paired T-tests were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that time spent on cooking and fuel collection significantly reduced after biogas adoption; and it also generates opportunity of alternative activities in saved time, and enhances fuel energy consumption pattern. Biogas technology brings improvement in the economic condition in terms of reduced expenditure...
Kusuma Adhianto*, Chairul Rahman Arif, Dian Kurniawati, Akhmad Dakhlan
... obtained from interview questionnaires and measuring the weaning weight of goats. Secondary data was obtained from weaning weight data in the recording. The observed variables were birth weight, weaning weight, weaning age, age of the dam at partus, type of birth, and sex. Results: The results of this study showed that the average weaning weights of male and female Saburai goats were 16.46±1.1 kg and 16.40±0.98 kg, heritability value was 0.37&pl...
Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali
...eting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of threats data, conservation management strategies are recommended. The diet analysis showed that mostly the kalij consumes plant matter as the major diet. We recovered 45 plant species in major, minor, and trace forms which consisted of seeds, leaves, flowers, fruits, rhizomes, and bulbs. Invertebrates including ants, insects, larvae, and grit were also recorded. Acco...
Muhammad Jalees
...nd Rawalpindi. 250 valid questionnaires was collected from different telecom industries. Data were analyzed using the Cronbach alpha reliability technique with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Regression has been conducted to test the hypothesis. The result of the study confirms a significant relationship exists between the variables, while the search engine optimization shows an insignificant impact on SCM profit. With ...
Nadia Farooq1*, Asad Ullah1, Mussawar Shah1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...a collection instrument/ questionnaire. This study revealed that majority of the respondents was graduate, unemployed and belongs to farming families. Moreover, the majority of respondents’ families were having 8-12 acres of arable agricultural land. However, respondents were lacking very limited access to arable land due to various problems; which decline their interest in the agricultural sector....
Sherif Abdelghany1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer2, Mohamed Ali Radwan1, Rania Agamy1
...spectively. A structured questionnaire survey was designed, and field interviews were conducted to collect data and to characterize the current situation. Representative feed staff and milk samples were collected and analyzed. Feeding practices efficiency indicators were calculated to be compared with standards. Results revealed that most farmers in the studied two districts used the concentrate to feed animals, which was formulated at home and mixed with roug...
Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2
...nt sampling technique. A questionnaire having variables related to animal species, age, herd size, parity, breeding method and housing management was filled at sample collection time. The serum samples were processed by indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against BoHV-1. The overall sero-prevalence was 68.40%. Post pubertal animals (>3yrs) contributing more to disease occurrence. High sero-positivity was observed in buffalo (73.12%) as compared to cattle (6...
Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5
...n of Duhok. The designed questionnaire was consisted of two parts, first one included the personal, vocational, and communication variables of the respondents, and the second part included a knowledge test to measure the level of knowledge of agricultural extension workers in the Domain of climate changes. The data was analyzed by using the SPSS program to extract arithmetic averages and percentages, the simple correlation coefficient and rank correlation of S...
Abdul Hadi Wasil1,2*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Sardar M. Hashimi3 and Khal Mohammad Ahmadzai4
... total of 116 structured questionnaires were distributed to almond smallholder farmers in the Tarin Kowt district. The results revealed a medium level of knowledge and attitude, and a high level of practice toward organic fertilizer adoption among the almond smallholder farmers. The finding showed that 97.4% of the farmers used cow manure and 20.7% used poultry manure. About 62.9% of the farmers used 0.67-1.08 tons of organic fertilizer per acre and all (100%)...
SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2
Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*
... observations based on a questionnaire. The observed forage land area was 96.5 ha, including cropland of 26.5 ha and pasture of 70 ha. A total of 760 Bali cattle were observed to determine weight gain. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using general linear model (GLM) was carried out using SAS OnDemand for Academics (ODA, Cary, NC, USA). The results indicated that the average dry matter...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Adnan3, Sami Ullah3 and Nawab Khan4
...nd pre-tested structured questionnaire from 300 randomly selected farmers of five districts of KP (namely Karak, Swabi, Mardan, Upper Dir and Charsadda), and all public extension field Staff (field assistants (FAs) and Agriculture Officers (AOs) working in the above areas constituted the sample respondents.Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS). The results showed that the technical competency of FAs remained in between low and ...
Muhammad Mukhtar1*, Lely Ummi Wakhidah2,Mohammad Zubair Hippy3
...y data from distributing questionnaires to parties related to the development of beef cattle. The data analysis techniques used are Location Question (LQ) analysis, LQ Shift Share, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threat) analysis. The result of this study indicate that beef cattle are livestock that have regional advantages (base sector) and are a progressive sector in the development of beef cattle in Gorontalo be...
Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga
..., Tanzania. A structured questionnaire was administered to 78 broiler farmers complemented with on-site observations. Data collected were related to the socio-demographic characteristics, the structure of broiler farms, the level of biosecurity in the farms as well as the constraints related to levels of adoption. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the relative frequencies of categorical variables. The Biosecurity Index Score (%) as a measure of ado...
Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6
...9 females). A structured questionnaire was administered and 325 patients who consented were enrolled in the study. Sputum specimen was collected from each patient, processed, and examined using Xpert® MTB/RIF Assay Version 4. The prevalence of HIV/TB was found to be 6 (1.85%). Infection was more prevalent in the age group 26-35 years (3.92%) and among the females (83%) than their counterpart males (17%). Co-infection was found only among the married (2.43%...
Ikram Ullah1, Zaib Ullah2*, Junaid Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Zafar Iqbal3 and Naveed Akhtar2
...ons were interviewed and questionnaires were filled from 32 villages of both valleys. Agriculture crops destruction was documented as a common conflict issue (92%), followed by livestock predation (90%), and human casualties (85%). Maiz was frequently raided crop (50%) followed by fruits and vegetables (27.1%, 22.6%). Goats were the most (47.61%) predated animals, followed by sheep and cattle (37.14%, 12.38%). Human casualties were rare and mostly accidental, ...
Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*
...a were collected through questionnaires, while secondary data was from different climate and weather reports. Binary Logistic model was used for analysis. The study discovered lack of surface water resources and ground water extraction satisfied the community needs and rainfall was only recharge method. Boreholes pumping technique was used mostly for irrigation. The Logit model investigated the impact of climate change was responsible for 73 percent variation ...
Aneela Ahmed Tagar1*, Mahvish J. Channa2, Kanwal Ahmed Tagar3 and Kaka Kainat4
...negative RT PCR tests. A questionnaire was filled after taking consent of patients whereas blood samples were collected to detect the biomarkers (Ferritin, D-dimer, C- reactive protein, LDH, CBC and troponin). The study reveals the following findings as majority of patients were in age group 37-47 years, male and were married. Moreover, the majority belonged to the medical field. The greater number of the patients were physically active. Only 18.5 % of patient...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1
...a predesigned, pretested questionnaire. The first portion of the questionnaire enquired about basic demographic data; the second half evaluated the participant’s knowledge about thalassemia. The third and fourth sections dealt with people’s perceptions and attitudes regarding thalassemia. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics was used to analyse the data. Approximately 75% of the participa...
Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3
.... For the study purpose, questionnaire based survey and interview were conducted. In the study area, 300 questionaire were distributed through which the opinion of the respondent was taken by asking 13 different questions like crop damage, livestock depredation, season and months of damage, and people attributes towards the wildlife, etc. The domestic animals killed by the wildlife in the study area were the goats and sheep, (38.98%). The rate of depredation o...
Amna Mushtaq, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar
...h Punjab. A standardized questionnaire was used for obtaining formal consent and ethical approval. Our findings revealed that psychological morbidity was most common among infertile PCOS patients. The prevalence of anxiety (61.8% vs. 18.7%), depression (56.9% vs.15.3%), sleep apnea (35.3% vs. 6.7%), eating disorders (18.1% vs. 1.3%), marital maladjustment (27.5% vs. 5.3%), poor quality of life (35.3% vs. 3.3%) and migraine (55.4% vs. 10.7%) was significantly h...
Asim Zubair1*, Anam Farid Chishtti2, Zohaib Atta Mehdie3, Aamna Arshad3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Iffat Batool5
... Khan. A well-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data from female respondents during face-to-face interviews, a random selection approach was employed to choose a sample of 100 livestock farm homes from the research area. To gauge the level of women’s participation, a composite score was created, and factors influencing women’s participation in cattle farming were identified using statistical methods. The findings show that women domi...
Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1
... was collected through a questionnaire from fourteen districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Serologically positive samples were processed through PCR for confirmation using scab samples by identifying the GIF/IL-2 gene. This study found an overall 13.2% seroprevalence of contagious ecthyma infection, indicating a higher percentage in goats (14.6%) than in sheep (7.7%). In goats, the significant association (P<0.0001) of contagious ecthyma infection with seroprevale...
Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5
...nterviews and structured questionnaire. Our results showed that the local villagers of the remote area of district Mardan were the active observers of trapping, over hunting and trading of waterhen in the study area. The structured interviews with locals revealed striking facts about ongoing hunting and illegal trade by hunters and traders. The two tribes namely Ottomankhail of district Swabi and Mamund of district Buner were identified to be involved in illeg...
Zaib Ullah1*, Sajid Mahmood2,3, Zafar Iqbal4, Fakhar-i-Abbas5, Naveed Akhtar1 and Abdul Majid Khan6*
.... The different surveys (questionnaire, sighting, and sign survey) were conducted in all sites of the forests from June to November 2018. Thirteen different types of signs were observed during the field survey. Potential site selection was based on sign observation (Encounter Rate; ER). Four black bears were observed from three different spots. Two mature male bears were seen in Kaghan Valley (Kamal Bann and Malakandi Reserve Forest) and a mother with a single...
Ming Wang1, Nan Yang2, Xiaolin Zhang2 and Wei Liu1*
...nd closed-ended combined questionnaires were executed in the summer of 2020 for investigating the consciousness of deratization and the factors influencing the herdsmen. The age of the respondents ranged between 18 and 73, and 261 valid questionnaires were collected. The results demonstrated that the herdsmen who agreed with deratization were between 31–40 years old (71.70%), possessed a college education or above (69....
Nwafili Sylvanus Anene, Ibinabo Jessica
...interview and structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data obtained based on 4-point Likert scale. The result show that 81.63% of the catfish farmers had previous experience with eggs and fingerlings mortality. Majority of the respondents (81.63%) strongly agree that eggs mortality experienced in hatchery was due to fungal infection while 40.82% strongly agree that fungal infection was responsible fry/fingerlings losses in the hatc...
Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3
... using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority (94.4%) of respondents depend on the mixed crop-livestock farming activity as a source of income. The major feed resources for beef cattle fattening during the dry season are Desho grass (30.7%), hay (15.0%), and crop residues (14.7%) as basal diets, whereas for the rainy season fatteners almost fully depend on natural pasture (97.7%). However, fatteners use corn/fresh maize (87.7%), coffee leaf boiled toget...
Sami Ullah1, Choudary Ihtasham Ali1, Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*, Shoaib Nasir1 and Amjad Masood2
...tructured and pre-tested questionnaire for data collection from 250 respondents of District Multan. We have employed the logit model to examine the effect of various factors on choice variables. The results indicate that health concerns, urban locality, age, education, family size, and income significantly influence the preference for oil over vanaspati ghee. At the same time, the taste has a negative and significant influence on the choice of vegetable oil. T...
Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A2
Nazia Haider, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar
...ta was collected through questionnaire at the time of sampling after obtaining informed consent. ABO and Rh blood group was identified by using Antisera (including Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D). The analysis of haematological indices was done by using automated haematological analyzer (Sysmex Co. Japan). The mean maternal age in this study was 30.35±7.94 years for cases and 28.53±6.59 years for controls. Highest frequency of miscarriages 90 (30%) wa...
SAIMA SHARIF*, NIMRA PERVEEN, SHAGUFTA NAZ, TASNIM FARASAT, FARKHANDA MANZOOR,
ASMA ABDUL-LATIF & FARZANA RASHID
...div>
the help of a questionnaire. Out of 1000 individuals, about 5% were
obese, 33.3% overweight, 53.3% normal, and 8.4% were underweight for
the studied population. The average calcium intake for the studied
population was 706.66 ± 4.2 mg/d. The average BMI of 22.84 kg/m² was
observed in the studied population. Percentage of calcium deficient (<400
mg/day) obese and overweight su...
Nighat Nisar*, Hasina Maham Qadri, Asad Afridi, Muhammad Sami Khan, Muhammad Abdullah Khan
...ing. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding cafeteria use, food consumption, frequency, waiting time, cost, ambience, attitude of cafeteria staff, and cleanliness after taking informed consent. The study findings revealed that majority of students reported high cost of meals in the cafeteria as compared to the local market. The food items such as snacks and cold drinks were found expensive as compared to local market. About half o...
Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2
... surveys (interviews and questionnaires), observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The respondents were 36 beneficiary farmers of the One Thousand Cattle Village Program. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed that the farmer empowerment positively and significantly affected the economic dimension with the equation Y = 27.712 + 0.305X and the social and cultural dimension with the equation Y = 13.531 + 0.310X. It is con...
Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7
...g were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation of the farms. The majority of members of Simpay Tampomas Farmers Group were males aged 41-59 years, who graduated from elementary school and had more than 10 years of experience in dairy goat farming. Furthermore, 75% of them had adequate literacy about the signs of heat, length of pregnancy, signs of delivery, and weaning of lamb. The results showed that less than 50% of farmers lacke...
Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani
...veloped a well structure questionnaire and collect primary data from it and through descriptive analysis while collecting data from core area. Despite the fact that many individuals go to urban places to work, such as Dubai and the Arab Emirate. Further, statistics and reports show that the government has made a little advancement in the area’s growth in a few successive years. They don’t have any clear guidelines for protecting the forest in the S...
Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna
...ata were collected using questionnaires and interviews. respondents in this study were 97 breeders. The cattle kept were generally Peranakan simental (F1-F4), Pesisir cattle, Bali cattle, and Peranakan Ongole cattle. The feed provided was forage and concentrate with a rate of 10% of the cow’s body weight. Cattle were intensively reared in a semi-permanent housing system. Disease prevention has been done well, especially to handled worm diseases. The aver...
Ikramullah and Inayatullah Jan*
...ted through a pre-tested questionnaire from 120 farming households. Paired t-test was used to assess the role of OFWM in expansion of irrigated area. The results of the study showed that OFWM has a significant positive effect on irrigated land expansion in the research area. The results show that the average irrigated land area increased significantly for major crops, viz., wheat (16.7 kanal), maize (14.5 kanal), and rice (1.71 kanal). The results of the paire...
Kanda Yanuar Muhamad1,3, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2*
...ected through structured questionnaires administered during interviews. According to the research, most employees (63%) working in reptile import and sales industries have excellent knowledge about zoonoses-assosiated with imported reptiles, while about one-third (34%) have moderate knowledge, and a small fraction (4%) have poor knowledge. However, there are still misconceptions and gaps in understanding, particularly concerning transmission, waste handling, a...
Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2
...rch method is to use the questionnaire to achieve the objectives of the study after it has been corrected according to the opinions of experts in the required field. The research sample included (228) respondents distributed over (11) agricultural divisions. A descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the research goals. A questionnaire was designed to collect data for the purpose of the study. It contained two ma...
Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1*
... utilizing comprehensive questionnaires based on various risk factors such as age, sex, breed, vaccination history, deworming, etc. A total of 174 case sheets of dogs and cats with skin lesions were analyzed. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of ectoparasite infestation among dogs and cats in semi-urban areas, recording rates of 56.92% and 76.92%, respectively, in contrast to semi-urban areas. Female cats (76.92%) and dogs (71.43%) displayed increased ...
Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2
...tives of the research. A questionnaire was prepared to collect study data if it included two main axes. The first axis included (8) fields of developing and developing the capabilities of rural women by (50) paragraphs. The second axis included the determinants that hinder Work in agricultural projects, as it included four areas with (22) paragraphs. After the process of data collection and unpacking, the statistical program (SPSS) was used to analyze and pres...
Muhammad Saleem1, Saifullah Khan2* and Mahmood ul Hasan3
...ule. The work adopts the questionnaire-based survey as a means of data collection for the employees of the metro bus project Pakistan. The results show that out of six major delay factors, two have found a significant association with the metro bus project delay and four elements as insignificant. The factors that have found with a significant association are material and external issues, whereas, the client, contractor, consultant, and labor-related factors h...
Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5
...cipant with a structured questionnaire. Of the 1000 participants, HBV, HCV, and HIV were detected in 28 (2.8%), 2 (0.2%) and 3 (0.3%), respectively. However, no participant was simultaneously infected with any two or three viruses. The age group 21-40 years demonstrated greater exposure to HBV (7.57%), HCV (0.37%), and HIV (1.17%) infection than the others. More male than female participants had HBV (3.3% vs. 2.4%). On the contrary, both genders were equally i...
LAILA SHAHZAD*1, ARIFA TAHIR2 & FAIZA SHARIF3
...proach of interviews and questionnaire, data was collected from 200 randomly selected households. Temperature data of 30 years 1985 to 2014 showed that there is an overall decrease in mean minimum annual temperature by a factor of 0.0024 for each year whereas there is an overall increase in mean maximum annual temperature by a factor of 0.0412 for each year. The mean annual rainfall of thirty years was recorded as 1471.27 mm with a decreasing trend of 0.9484 a...
LAILA SHAHZAD*1, MUHAMMAD UMER HAYYAT1, NIDA SAJID1, FAIZA SHARIF1, ASMA MANSOOR1, MANAL SHAH1 & NABEEHA LODHI1
...g community. A household questionnaire based survey was used to determine awareness and resilience of the community. Another methodology named Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) was used to determine the factors that contribute to infrastructure vulnerability to natural disasters. Factors assessed through this methodology are vertical and plan irregularity, soft storey, soft hazards, multiple storeys and building codes. Questionnaire<...
Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3
...ited to answer an online questionnaire on veterinary medical online education. Data of reported diseases were collected from veterinary hospital and ministry of health authorities. This study showed aggressive distribution of external parasites particularly ticks, and other diseases such as Theileria, Anaplasmosis, FMD, three-days sickness, contagious ecthyma, sheep pox, clostridium diseases, brucellosis, mastitis, and respiratory diseases. The study also show...
Kiran Khan1*, Ata ur Rehman2, Jai Dev Maheshwari1, Ghazala Nasim Pasha3, Tayyaba Mumtaz4 and Ruqaya Nangrejo5
...gle forms as a web-based questionnaire. The questions in the study included excessive smartphone use on day to day basis that was causing referred discomfort in the upper extremities in the previous 30 days. Our findings indicate that as time spent on the smartphone increases, so do problems with the upper extremity’s musculoskeletal system. Excessive smartphone use causes muscle fatigue and joint pain from the fingers to the neck, which is proportional ...
Syed Awais Hussain Shah1*and Rizwan Ali2 2
..., discussion and also by questionnaires. Plant specimens were also collected from the fields of different selected areas in different seasons of the year. Their medicinal uses and taxonomically confirmed with the help of available literature. The duration of this research work was one year, from December 2019 to January 2020. During the research period, we reported 59 plant species which belongs 54 genera and29 families, among the reported families Lamiaceae a...
Fitrimawati*, James Hellyward
... interviews, filling out questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions with stakeholders and experts involved in livestock development, such as breeders, government, private sector, academics and relationship institutions. The obtaining of data was analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This research shows the leading commodities are competitiveness and priority to be developed in West Sumatera, especially such as the beef cattle, goats and als...
Viranga Kumudini Jayasundara¹*, Ali Khatibi², Jacqueline Tham²
...closed-ended, structured questionnaire from 287 participants (dog owners who have local or native dogs). The measure was five point rating likert scale. RDO and SDP management were higher-order constructs, and dog-keeping practice, behaviour, veterinary services, abandonment, and owned stray dogs were first-order constructs of the model. Structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation via AMOS 21 software was employed. The study showed that RDO...
Safdar Abbas1, Jawaria Ali Khan1*, Syed Saleem Ahmed1 and Aftab Ahmed Anjum2
...es infected with BCoV. A questionnaire was used to collect information about the risk factors associated with the occurrence of BCoV infection. BCoV infection was found in 3.5% (7/200) of calves using diagnostic screening kits and 3.0% (6/200) of calves using RT-PCR. Breed, age, sex, vomiting, previous history of diarrhoea, body conditions, food type, colostrum feeding, deworming history, living environment, seasonal variation, and cohabitation with other anim...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
...hrough a semi structured questionnaires. Fifty respondents were interviewed in selected sample villages using multi-stage random sampling techniques. The sampling intensity was 0.1%. The results revealed that all farmers have planted trees on their farmlands. Poplar is the main species, followed by Eucalyptus, Bakain, Ailanthus and Kikar. Though farm forestry is practiced in the area since ancient times, the modern commercial farm forestry has been started in ...
Ehtisham1, Rizwan ur Rehman1, Raja Wajahat1, Tabarak Ashraf1, Shabir Ahmad Jan1, Arz Muhammad1 and Ahmad Zamir2*
...e obtained by developing questionnaires. On the basis of encounter rates and population estimates, nine major interacting sites were identified in Galiyat region, viz. Nathia Gali, Morti, Khoza Gali, Kala Bagh, Charian, Changla Gali (Monkey View Point), Changla Gali (Kashmir View Point), Bara Gali and Ayubia. Population at each interacting spot was different, highest population existed at Nathia Gali interacting spot. The present research describes 113 groups ...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...lakand, KP. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the necessary data from 40 respondents using a two-stage random sampling procedure. According to our findings, 72% of respondents are farmers, 20% work for the government, and 8% are labourers. Poplar is the species most frequently used in agroforestry, accounting for 52% of all plantings, followed by Eucalyptus at 16%. 10% of the seedlings for planting came from the Forest Department, and 90% came from...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
...ected by a well-designed questionnaire, which was developed by keeping in view of the purpose of study. For this purpose, both close-ended and open-ended questions were prepared and key farmers were interviewed. The study was conducted for the purpose to explore the impacts of Agroforestry on livelihood of farmers, and make recommendation for the improvement of Agroforestry. Majority of the population is in favor of that the production of the agricultural crop...
Muhammad Rayyan1, Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Saif Ullah1 Khan and Salman Ahmad1
...nts through a structured questionnaire. Our results revealed that about 72.5% of respondents have the primary reason for planting is economic return, while 15% plants for shelterbelt purposes. Whereas, results further revealed that 12.5% farmers planted trees for land stabilization. In addition to that 57.5% of households gets benefits from agroforestry in the form of cash and fuel wood 10% in the form of fuel wood. From the survey it is also revealed that 45%...
Khush Bakht Arooj1, Muhammad Salman2 and Naveed Ahmed3
...ed through well-designed questionnaire and the study was carried out in different villages of Tehsil and District Bannu. A general survey was also conducted to know about the bee flora for pollen and nectar sources plants in district Bannu. The purposive random sampling method was used. During this study it was found that majority of the respondents belong to age class 21-35 (52%) followed by age class 36-50 (32%) and the least number of respondents belong to ...
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
...nducted based on hundred questionnaire including 25 questions ranging from demographic background of the participants to their level of awareness regarding climate change and the suggestions for measures to mitigate and adapt the effects of climate change. The study results showed that the only 24% participants know about concept of Climate Change. The term climate change is understood differently by different people and therefore they perceive different reaso...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Hassan Sher2, Junaid Khan2, Shahid Hussain2, Ashfaq Ali2 and Atif Majeed3
...simple and comprehensive questionnaire which was specially designed to meet the requirements of the present study. Interviews were arranged with knowledgeable persons and for validation purpose field visits were arranged. Data about conservation status was obtained through quadrate method. The study reported 40 herbaceous medicinal plants belonging to 33 different angiosperm families used by local people to cure different ailments. Lamiaceae was represented by...
Mohsen Dehghani
...d on data collected from questionnaire and sampling throughout Hara Protected Area during all seasons of 2011 and 2012. The results reveal that the poor pastures and economically undeveloped infrastructures in the region have led the local communities on the coastal areas to supply the livestock's fodder from mangrove leaves. Hence, the household incomes rely considerably on these habitats product, while economic evaluation of the harvested fodder reaches ...
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
... study areas and through questionnaire survey. Secondary data was collected from literature. Dabber Tangy (Chrhat), Obukhwarh, Topdara areas sampling points were selected for data collection. Many flocks were observed during the study in which the average numbers in each flock was 10-12. Majority of the respondents 22 (55%) replied that Chukar is present in abundance at Topdara, 28 (70%) replied that its population is decreasing due to habitat destruction and ...
Alam Zeb, Fawad Habib, Sajid and Tilawat Khan
...well-designed pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 60 respondents including 31 Owners, 19 Owner cum Tenants and 10 Tenants were selected randomly from Gadar, Sawaldher and Gujar Garhi villages. Owner category was found dominant in the above mentioned target villages in the parameters of productivity, formal education, planting experience, knowledge of silviculture of poplar and commercialistic nature of respondents. The Net Incomes (NIs) calculated per Avenue ...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...he pre tested structured questionnaire.
The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed that 30% of the respondents have agriculture as a sole source of livelihood whereas 70% also have other activities along with agriculture. Majority 94% were landowners with 6% tenants /landless. 54% respondents belonged to middle class (i....
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...ervation of pheasants. A questionnaire was designed and the villages were selected which were located near the reserve forest. A sample of 60 persons were interviewed in detail.
The study revealed that the climate and topography of target area provides good habitat to pheasants, but impediments such as illegal hunting, poaching and human interference are the main causes for the decline in population. However declaration of some areas of the Kaghan vall...
Mazhar Iqbal1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh3
...ed on specially designed questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Statistix 8.1 at α=0.05.The existing level of forest Efficiency and Effectiveness was well below the ideal level of governance. There was no statistical difference between the means of Effectiveness and Efficiency (t=-2.16, p=0.0561). Perception of the respondents was strongly correlated. Decrease in forest cover; non implementation of JFM Plans; no availability of comprehensive and upto...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...ervation of pheasants. A questionnaire was designed and the villages were selected which were located near the reserve forest. Samples of 60 persons were detailed interviewed.
The study revealed that the climate and topography of target area provides good habitat to pheasants, but impediments such as illegal hinting, poaching and human interference are the main causes for the decline in population. However after declaring some areas of the Kaghan val...
M. Saqib, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mir Ajab Khan and R. M. Zarif
...structured and pretested questionnaire. In all 90 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. Analysis revealed that fuelwood was the major source of household energy in the area. About 83% of the household use fuelwood as well as other cheaper fuels. Only 17% were found using efficient commercial fuels (LPG, Kerosine etc.) to meet their energy needs. The data show that the average household size in the study area is nearly 6 persons. The increase in h...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari, Maryum Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
Babar Sohail and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...on collected through the questionnaire was analyzed statistically. Economic comparison between Eucalyptus tree raising and agriculture crop production has shown that the former is a profitable practice having high benefit cost ratio than the later. Moreover, out of total sample population, 45 percent of the farmers have sold 66,300 Eucalyptus trees earning 13.2 million rupees which is a handsome amount generated from about 55 acres during the last 8 years. Mor...
Fazal Said Khan
...and
91 tenants) using a questionnaire containing 29 questions
of both qualitative and quantitative nature. Charsadda,
farmers grow a number of trees on their farmlands.
Some of these trees (Populus deltoids, Dalbergia sissoo
and Salix spp.) are used in wood based industries and
generate US$ 2 million income and contribute to the
economic up lift of the area. The study also showed
significant differences of tree growing among owner ship
c...
Mohammad Amjad
... replies recorded on the questionnaires....
Ghodrat Akhavan Akbari1, Saman Hayadokht1, Saeed Sadeghiyeh Ahari2 and Ahmad Gasi1*
...s), filling the relevant questionnaire and then the data were entered into SPSSv 21 and analyzed using Chi Square, T test and Fisher exact tests. A significance Level of 0.05 was considered for all the tests. The incidence of shivering in the oxycodone group at zero time (in recovery room) was significantly lower than the Meperidine group. But in other times, oxycodone had no significant effect on shivering compared to Meperidine. In both studied groups, there...
Muazzam Hashmi1, Braima Pascal Komba1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2*, Almazea Fatima1, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3
...ned from a well-tailored questionnaire administered to 50 cut rose and 50 gladiolus small-scale farmers as respondents selected randomly from Gehlan Hithar in district Kasuther. The results from benefit-cost ratio analyses revealed that the benefit-cost ratio of cut rose (2.07) farming is expected to deliver more positively than gladiolus (1.35) production. The maximum likelihood estimates found that cut rose florists produce efficiently regarding the total ar...
Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5
... evaluated. A structured questionnaire was used to randomly select 150 agricultural development program officers. Simple descriptive statistics, multinomial regression, and principal factor analysis were used for data analysis. According to the survey, ADP officials perceive e-extension as a cost-effective method of extension advisory services that goes beyond the role of technology transfer to serve farm stakeholders and provide an efficient feedback mechanis...
Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1
...nterviewed by structured questionnaire from selective locations covering all divisions of Bangladesh. Phenotypic traits (Body weight, body length, chest girth, neck length, head length, ear length, wither height, back height, length from ear to tail, mane length, tail length) and reproductive features (Age of 1st heat and conception, foaling interval, gestation length and estrous length) were recorded for phenotypic characterization (n=240). Half of the farmer...
Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*
...nts through a structured questionnaire. The primary motivations for planting trees were income (67.5%) and timber (31.25%), with firewood being a minor reason (1.25%). A significant majority (78.75%) of respondents grow trees on their farmland to sell them and support their families, while 21.25% use the trees for personal purposes. Most respondents (61.25%) use LPG for cooking and heating due to its availability, while 32.5% also use firewood, and 6.25% use c...
Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan8
...mi-structured open-ended questionnaires were carried out in distant villages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 males, including herbalists and pansiris, and 35 women) regarding the naturally occurring medicinal weeds in the area. During the field survey, traditional knowledge and the ethnobotanical relevance of seasonal weeds were collected. A total of 65 species from 24 families were recorded across the four diffe...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Atiq Ur Rahman, Waqar Akhtar and Hafizullah Khan
...tructured and pre-tested questionnaire and focus group discussions. Whereas the secondary data was acquired from the revenue office Tehsil Tangi. According to field survey and analysis of primary data, in Palai Nasrat Zai, the total revenue generated per household from both Kharif and Rabbi crops was PRs. 488511.68 in 2008-09 which increased to Rs.1089252.42 after the dam construction in 2016-17. In Village Qilla the net per household revenue from both Rabi an...
Norsida Man1*, Shin Yee Siaw2, Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf2 and Siti Azizah3
...used a self-administered questionnaire, and 200 program breeders responded. Data collected was analysed using the SPSS software version 23.0. The survey found that respondents have positive views and high expectations of veterinary extension services, officers, and the DVS. The respondents agreed that veterinary extension is critical in cattle farming because farmers cannot increase their cattle production without assistance from the DVS. The study recommended...
Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1
...n of nematode species, a questionnaire survey, and fecal testing. This study investigated the connections between various significant risk factors and the prevalence of GIT nematodes in Cattle. A total of 246 fecal samples from cattle grown under various management systems were obtained. A total of 97 of the 246 investigated fecal samples tested positive for GIT nematodes, resulting in a prevalence of 39.43%. The results show that the presence of GIT nematodes...
Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2
... through a well-designed questionnaires and structured interviews. The research employed a multistage sampling technique to acquire primary research data, and the Cobb-Douglas type Stochastic Frontier Production model was utilized with maximum likelihood estimation. The outcomes unveiled a technical efficiency range of 0.73 to 0.76, with an average of 0.75. Notably, variables such as seedling, ploughing, labor, FYM, and pesticide demonstrated statistically sig...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...d using a pre-structured questionnaire during fieldwork. This study examined 575 cattle from 25 herds during the LSD outbreak from June 2020 to May 2022. Approximately 185 of 575 cows showed typical LSDV clinical signs that varied from mild to serious. Diseased animals had fever, anorexia, and decrease milk yield, as well as superficial lymph nodes expansion, the sudden appearance of several nodules varying in size from 0.5 to 6 cm in diameter, and numbers acc...
Mushtaq Ahmad1, Hikmat Ullah Jan2, Kanwal Raina3, Nazara Shafiq3, Syed Mukarram Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim4, Shaha Buddin1 and Gulnaz Parveen3*
...crops. A semi-structured questionnaire along with group discussion and interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical data. A total of 93 weed species were collected from wheat and maize crops which belonged to 31 families and 77 genera. Among these 31 families 29 families were of Dicots and only 2 families were of monocots. The 71 (76%) species collected were dicots whereas, 22 (24%) species belonged to monocots. Among the Dicots, Asteraceae were the dominant ...
Rael Jepkogei Masai
...sence of P.falciparum. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on study subjects’ area of residence. Results were processed using SSPS and significance levels were obtained using chi square and logistic regression. Most respondents (200 (66.7%) visited the hospital during dry season and only 33.3% visited during the rainy season. Infection prevalence of geohelminths was A. lumbricoides, A. duodenale and T. trichiura, 40% (p<.05), 25% (p<.05)...
Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Hafiz Ullah Khan
...were collected through a questionnaire survey including questions about all these parameters. In all 35 union councils (UCs) of the study area, 5 respondents from each union council were selected randomly and priority was given to long-time farmers. The data collected were tabulated and the maximum (Xmax) and minimum (Xmin) values for each sub-component of each major AWPI component were determined and, subsequently, the WPI was computed by combining all the su...
Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1
.... Telephone/face-to-face questionnaires were collected by data collectors using multistage and cluster sampling. There were four sections to the questionnaire, which were available in both Arabic and English. The questions in the first section focused on sociodemographic data. The second section asked questions concerning broad research ethics knowledge. In the third section, there were inquiries concerning the moral justifi...
Muhammad Al-Maruf1, Mahfuzul Islam2, Md. Rashedul Islam3, Syidul Islam1, Md. Sirazul Islam4, Md. Roknuzzaman Khan1, Md. Khairul Islam1, Md. Akib Zabed1, K. B. M. Saiful Islam1*
...cted by using a designed questionnaire to predict the potential risk factors at the farm level. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 24.00% irrespective of the farm locations. In the districts of Munshiganj, Narayanganj, and Narsindi, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. colonization was found to be 10.00%, 27.78%, and 32.35%, respectively. In risk factor analysis, the factors significantly associated with Campylobacter colonization were “water suppl...
Suparmin Fathan1*, Nibras K. Laya1, Safriyanto Dako1, Sayekti Handayani2, Siti R. Machieu3, Mohammad Z. Hippy3
... data collection through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Important Performance Analysis (IPA), and SEM-PLS were used to analyze data obtained. The results of this research indicate that the cattle assistance program in Bone Bolango Regency tends to be effective due to the benefits gains both materially and non-materially. However, there was still a need for improvements and evaluations due to the community’s lack of understanding of the governmen...
Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1
...ital, Osogbo. Structured questionnaires were administered to one hundred and seventy-one (171) pregnant women to obtain their socio‑demographic information and five (5) mL venous blood samples were collected. The sera were separated in cryovials and stored at −20°C. They were screened for rubella IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 20, the Chi square...
Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2
...ction was done by proper questionnaire. DNA was extracted from 200 μL of whole blood samples obtained from the patients by using the Wiz-Prep DNA extraction kit (Wiz-Prep no. W54100). Sanger sequencing was used for genetic analysis. Data analysis was done by using IBMS-KMU SPSS 23 version. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for T2DM subjects was determined using an online HWE calculator. The rs1057910 polymorphism in CY2PC9 gene responsible for drug metabolism ...
Saima Younas and Aleena Sumrin*
... collected on prescribed questionnaire. Viral nucleic acid was isolated and amplified by gene specific primers followed by sequencing of NS5A region by Sanger method. Amino acid substitutions were identified by using Geno2Pheno tool. Hepatitis c virus genotype 3a was most prevalent genotype in the study group. Successfully sequenced patients were divided into two group based on their treatment history, as treatment naive and experienced groups. Both groups wer...
MohamadRahijan AbdulWahab*andAhmadAimanSalahudin
...ed stingless bee honey.A questionnaire containing four sections: section A for sociodemographic information,section B for satisfaction evaluations, section C for attitude evaluations, and section D forevaluationsofpurchaseintentions,wasused.The data were examined using SPSS. Quantitative data are utilized in the analytical process. This quantitative approach allows for statistical analysis using SPSS to calculate means and standard deviations, providing a...
Tran Ngoc Bich1*, Vo Tuan Khai Huyen2, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien1, Dang Thi Tham1, Nguyen Vinh Trung1, Truong Van Hieu3, Thai Quoc Hieu4, Huynh Truong Giang1, Le Quang Trung1
...ay 2023 and June 2024. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews with farmers impacted by the disease. The collected epidemiological data were analysed, and the LSDV strains were genetically characterised. Out of 1,278 animals clinically examined across 180 farms, 80 tested positive via PCR, resulting in a morbidity rate of 6.26% and a herd prevalence of 37.22%. The morbidity rates in the 19 districts surveyed ranged from 1.45%...
Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*
...zilas. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to record the data regarding the impact of different factors such as age, sex, breed, floor type, and the housing system, on LSD prevalence. LSD was confirmed by physical examination with nodular lesions on the skin together with fever. Results indicate that the overall prevalence was only 4.13% with a higher prevalence in cross-bred female cattle. In descriptive analysis among all variables only housing syst...
Adi Tiya Warman1, Panjono1*, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi1, Sigit Bintara1, Bayu Andri Atmoko2, Endang Baliarti3
...views using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed descriptively and pearson correlation to ascertain the relationship betweens these social, technical, and economic factors with the choice bull breed. The results showed that 51.58% of farmers prefer frozen semen from exotic cattle breeds, aiming to produce larger calves with a market price 90-110% higher than Bali calves. In contrast, 22.11% of respond...
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