Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *
...s, Nigeria. Samples were concentrated and inoculated into MCF-7 and RD cell lines. Isolates from MCF-7 were passaged in RD and L20B cell lines while isolates from RD cell line were passaged in L20B cell line. Subsequently, all isolates were subjected to panenterovirus 5l-UTR, partial VP1 and EV-C-3Dpol/3’-UTR PCR assays, amplicons sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Both sites yielded two isolates each on MCF-7 cell line while on RD cell li...
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
... wheat bran and homemade concentrate mixture of dairy goats was investigated in district Lahore of Pakistan. A total of Twenty 20 goat farms were randomly selected and out of that 40 feed samples 2 from each farm were collected in the month of April. All the samples were analysed for the determination of aflatoxin B1 by using reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC. Out of total samples Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 33 feed samples, with a pe...
Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand
...n the present review, we concentrate on the recent advances in the development of aptasensors for antibiotics residue analysis based on electrochemical signal generation. Aptamers possesses the strong potential as receptors for the development of biosensors for antibiotics detection; therefore, a specially designed aptamer specific to an antibiotic may be suitable for this purpose. In this review, the importance of detection of antibiotic residue contamination...
Blood Selenium and Vitamin E Levels in Heifers: Regional and Seasonal Differences in Northern Cyprus
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
..., feed samples including concentrate feed or roughage were analysed. It was found that there are significant seasonal differences for each region and regional differences in each season were due to different feeding conditions. Heifer blood selenium and plasma vitamin E levels were generally found within adequate ranges in all regions for both seasons. We suggest that feed supplements containing selenium should be added for the Iskele region during the winter ...
Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud*
...rn and wheat bran in the concentrate feed mixtures on digestibility, blood and ruminal parameters, growth performance, meat analysis and feed intake of growing lambs. Fifty one Barki lambs with body weight of 30±0.57 kg; in three groups (17 animals, each). Experimental rations were composed of concentrate and clover hay in a 60:40 concentrate: roughage ratio.There was no effect of b...
A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu
Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...loped as an emulsifiable concentrate. The formulation of 10EC at 0.25% was standardized as the best emulsifiable concentration for use against the pathogen. The pre inoculation spray of the formulation was observed to produce 63.62% reduction in lesion height caused by the sheath blight pathogen. Two isoforms of poly phenol oxidase, PPO 1 and PPO 3 were observed to be induced only in Ganosol 10EC sprayed plants and were absent in control. The formulation was t...
D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali
Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...ble powder, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, etc. These types of formulations are regarded now as ?conventional‘, ?old technology‘ or ?classical‘ or ?traditional‘ because of their increased in dose rate or repeated applications to get desired bioefficacy which lead to accumulation of pesticide residues in food commodities along with environmental pollution. Conventional formulations, because of their characteristics i.e. dustiness ...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
... of fibrolytic enzyme in concentrate ration on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production and composition, and diet digestibility in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Four lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes of 3rd and 4th parity and milk production of 8±2.3 kg/day were selected and offered a basal diet based on sorghum forage and concentrate ration supplemented with fibrolytic enzyme (Fibrozyme™, Alltech Inc. C...
Mehmet Avci1, Recep Aydin1,* and Jale Metin Kiyici2
...ed roughage (5-7 cm) and concentrate calf starter feed and the calves in control group were supplied with natural roughage and concentrate feed separately. The calves were supplied with milk at about 8% of their birth weights and weaned at 49th day. Mixed chopped and separate natural supply of roughage and concentrate feed did not created any significant differences in live weig...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool3, Fatima Ahmed4, Saiqa Tabassum3,6, Syeda Madiha3, Tahira Perveen3 and Saad Bilal Ahmed5
...that are fed to chickens concentrate in the flesh and bring deleterious health outcomes on the consumers. The ill effects account for hyper-lipidemias and imbalance in the steroidal sex hormones may result in the development of cysts in the ovaries with resultant difficulties in reproduction. The present study was done on 75 rats divided randomly in 5 equal groups fed with rat chow, caged chicken meat, uncaged chicken meat, raw spinach and soybean for a period...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...ls, production level and concentrate feeding. Selenium deficiency was also evaluated as a risk factor of mastitis and repeat breeding. About 48.43% cattle and 72.39% buffaloes were found positive in selenium deficiency. Species (cattle and buffaloes) were significantly (χ2=23.042, df=1, p<0.05) associated with selenium deficiency. The highest rates (90.62 %) of selenium deficient animals were observed in village Nathoki of tehsil Kasur. The r...
Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**
...k or meat. The trend for concentrate feeding to livestock is changing from the conventional concentrate feeding to a formulated compound feed. Considering the importance of livestock in the livelihood of the people, scarcity of green fodder three feed producing units were provided under Community Action for Livestock Development Project in Pakistan. From the technical and scientific points of view, the balance feed technolog...
Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**
...over dry breads were the concentrates fed to goats. On the whole about 30% metabolizable energy requirements of non-milking goats and 34% of does were fulfilled by supplementation. Goats were supplemented maximum during January-March, June, November and December and grazed for greater periods in summer and autumn than in winter and spring seasons. It can therefore be concluded that in general the months when minimum supplements were given are the better ones i...
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
... consist of roughage and concentrate at the ratio of 65:35. Group A was kept without any supplementation whereas group B was supplemented with selenium yeast (SY) at the dose rate of 0.3 mg/kg.diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weights (% of empty body weight) of rumen (4.18 ± 0.30 vs 3.49 ± 0.10); duodenum (0.32 ± 0.01 vs 0.27 ± 0.01); colon (1.14 ± 0.03 vs 1.06 ± 0.01), caecum (0.62 ± 0.03 vs 0.57 &...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...ixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 ± 0.53 kg BW. The remaining lambs (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 treatment intake levels (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 lamb from each treatment, and lambs were slaughtered when the ad libitum treatment lamb reached appr...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
...dry matter, roughage and concentrate feed consumption (gr), total milk consumption (kg), feed conversion ratio (kg), total cost and unit cost (P>0.05). However, essential oil contained calf’s milk decreased fecal evaluation score and number of days with diarrhea (P<0.05). The calf’s serum total cholesterol, glucose, AST, GGT, creatinine, phosphor, calcium, insulin, total T3, total T4, albumin, GH and globulin concentrations did not differ bet...
Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif2
...g the applied amendments concentrated in surface layer. ...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Jamil Anwar2, Omara Naeem3,Farah Kanwal1 and Waheed-uz-Zaman1
... freezing front and were concentrated in the centre in the case of radial freezing and at the bottom in case of vertical freezing.
...
Kamran Khan1, Sarzamin Khan2, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,* and Naseer Ahmad2
...roup was fed on standard concentrate basal diet, whereas in the treated groups, the basal diet was supplemented with low (3.5%; LCF) or high (7%; HCF) level of crushed flaxseed and low (1.5%; LFO) or high (3%; HFO) level of flaxseed oil until slaughtering (day 90). Carcass fat deposition was greater (P < 0.05) in the supplemented groups as compared to the control group. The contents of myristic acid and palmitic acid reduced (P ˂ 0.05), while those of ...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...ed that metals were more concentrated in the liver and kidneys, Zn and Pb showed high mean values as compared to other metals but these values were below the lethal levels. Within the regions and sexes no significant variations were found in metal concentrations; however within three bat species metal concentrations varied significantly. This study provides baseline data for future comparisons and management of bats and metal concentrations in environment.
Mirza Imran Shahzad1, Hina Ashraf2,*, Muhammad Arshad3, Sabeeha Parveen4, Amna Aslam4, Nargis Naz4, Zahid Kamran1, Sumbul Gohar Khalid5, Sajid Hameed1, Muhammad Ashfaq6 and Muhammad Mukhtar7
...c extracts were made and concentrated by rotary evaporator and finally dissolved in distilled water before taking their antiviral trials in 7-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs. The viral loads were determined through heamagglutination (HA) test. The methanolic extract of each plant was found effective against NDV but in varying order. The active extracts were further used in different concentrations and IC50 of each extract was calculated. The ex...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3
...re reared under IMS, fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad lib while in second group, calves were reared under SIMS, sent for grazing 8 hours daily plus gram crop residues ad lib. Twice watering was done in both the groups. At end of trial mean body weight and ADG of male and female calves was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IMS (80.83+2.7, 77.83+2.7 kg and 0.674+0.02, 0.649+0.02 kg/d) than SIMS...
Iqra Bano1,*, Moolchand Malhi2, Pershotam Khatri3, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Hira Sajjad4, Ambreen Leghari5, Muhammad Awais2, Safia Kandhro6 and Shakeel Ahmed Lakho5 and Munaza Soomro7
... consist of roughage and concentrate at the ratio of 65:35. In group C, the goats received only basal diet while in group SY the goats consumed basal diet along with SY 0.3 mg/kg.BW for 8 weeks. The results revealed that testicular weight, thickness, and circumference increased in SY as compared to C. The body weight of goats was also increased in SY as compared to C. while, the Gonado-somatic index in goats of SY was not different compared to C. The histomorp...
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
...cy exertions needs to be concentrated toward impact of climate change on maize productivity. Development of temperature resistant maize verities for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is also a good option. Moreover, awareness among farmers on climate change is required regarding plantation of trees and afforestation ...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
... with freezing front and concentrated in the centre in case of radial freezing. To examine the effect of unidirectional freezing over extracted enzymes, the working activity of separated enzymes was checked by performing desizing test for alpha-amylase and biopolishing test for cellulase. The noteworthy results of desizing and biopolishing test has promoted the significance of unidirectional freezing technique (UFT).
...
Awais Bin Shahid1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro3, Asmatullah Kaka4, Rajoo Mal1, Muhammad Awais Soomro1, Saba Parveen Samo1 and Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani5
..., n=5). Animals were fed concentrate (2 % BW) as basal diet without (C) or with selenium yeast (SY, @ 0.3 mg.Se.kg-1.diet) supplementation. Hay and water was provided ad libitum. The results revealed that the molar concentrations of propionate and the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) increased (P < 0. 005) and the pH decreased (P < 0.05) in the ruminal fluid of SY goats c...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
...e top (upper layers) and concentrated at the center of the ridge for treatments T2 and T3 but leached down from the furrow bottom. Whereas, the simulations carried out by HYDRUS-2D model showed that with increasing size of raised bed, the center of the raised bed did not get the required quantity of water, hence remained unsaturated. Moreover, the highest crop yield and water productivity were recorded 8,748 kg/ha and 3.74 kg/cm3 respectively under T2 treatmen...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
...mption of daily 900 g of concentrate feed over three consecutive days. Results demonstrated that OreganoLow calves marked improved growth performance, earlier weaning age and lower farm costs (P < 0.05) compared to Control and OreganoHigh calves. To conclude, dietary oregano essential oil seems to be a potential liquid feed additive that improves feed efficiency, health status, growth performance, and that reduces diarrhea incidents, hastens weaning age and...
Nihat Tekel1, Ilkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Sireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...were fed with ad libitum concentrated feed and 100 g/day wheat straw was given to each animal during the fattening period of 64 days. During the fattening period, it was determined that daily live weight gains in lambs were 0.278±0.019 kg and feed conversion ratio were 4.79. The average final live weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, leg ratio, foreleg ratio, tail ratio and cooling loss of lambs were found as 33.62±0.968 kg, 14.91&pl...
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7
...an basmati exporter must concentrate to enlarge the basmati export share to UK, Canada and USA because these markets has strong potential and competitiveness. It is further recommended that the basmati exporters must try to find out the way to export to Oman, Saudi Arabia, Iran Turkey and United Arab Emirates instead of Yemen, Poland and Qatar. ...
Asim Faraz*
...st group calves were fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad libitum while in second group calves were allowed grazing/browsing for 10 h daily along with household refusals. Twice watering was provided. Fortnightly weighing of calves was done by digital scale. Data collected on different parameters was subjected to statistical analysis with 2×2 factorial arrangements of treatments under completely randomi...
Renlong Lv1*, Ken-Ichi Horiguchi2, Shin-Ichi Tagawa3, Shoichi Ichihara4 and Norio Yoshida5
...relaced to the feed as a concentrate with proportion of 5% in experiment I and 10% in experiment II. The ingestion rate of sheep fed the jatropha diet was lower than that of the rapeseed diet. The feed of jatropha diet and rapeseed diet were all ingested in experiment I. However, jatropha meal treatment left a large amount in experiment II. According to the above results, there was no obvious difference of blood characteristics between two treatments in experi...
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...h various vessels’ concentrated area, possibly due to abundant local fishery resources and forging behavior of seabirds. The MaxEnt model with the area under receiver operating curve (AUC) value of 0.957 for training data and 0.935 for test data showed reliable and accurate prediction. The distance to coast (64.7% contribution) and bathymetry (30.7% contribution) were the major variables. The model predicted extensive suitable coastal habitat of seabirds...
Zeeshan Al Hameed1, Junaid Saleem2*, Syed Sajid Hussain1, Ahsan Abdul Ghani2, Hira Lal2
STUDY OF INDIGENOUS FLUORSPAR AS METALLURGICAL FLUX
...iation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any beneficiation process as it is rich in Fluorite and also contains small amount of other compounds
that are required to be fed as part of slag. Specifically, it contains only trace amount of apatite as compared to
glo...
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any beneficiation process as it is rich in Fluorite and also contains small amount of other compounds
that are required to be fed as part of slag. Specifically, it contains only trace amount of apatite as compared to
glo...
Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭
EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...sage of 1.2 kg/ton. Talc concentrate at recovery of about 60 - 70% with a grade of 92.50% from an ore containing about 50 to 70% talc was obtained. The final concentrate was treated with various leaching reagents. Dilute HCl (30%) + stannous chloride (300 ppm) gave better results. It reduced iron content from 4.37% in the concentrate to 2.89% in the final leached product and whiteness also...
Blood Biochemical and Hair Mineral Profile of Camel Calves Reared under Different Management Systems
Asim Faraz*
...d in IMS were fed @ 1 kg concentrate having 18% CP and 2.41 Mcal/kg energy along with gram crop residues ad libitum, the second group calves reared in SIMS were allowed grazing/browsing for 8-10 hours and fed gram crop residues ad libitum while the calves of third group reared in EMS were allowed grazing/browsing 10-12 hours along with feeding of household supplementation. The calves of first two groups were maintained at CBRS in semi-open housin...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Elham Azadfar2, Zohre Bahrami3, Mahniya Sharifi3, A. Shakoor4, Shabir Ahmed5, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Muhammad Noman Khan6, Memona Siddique7, Naila Ilyas8*, Muhammad Bakhtiar9, Mohamed El-Fatieh Ismael1 and Wang Yunyang1
Optimization of Drying Process of Rambutan by Combined Method of Osmosis Ultrasound and Complementary Drying of Hot Air
...Accordingly, in a higher concentrated osmotic solution, the osmotic pressure, which is a key factor in mass transfer in the osmotic dehydration process, increases by increasing concentration, the percentage of solids gain increased; shrinkage and rehydration decreased. Conclusively, the drying of Rambutan by use of osmosis-ultrasound dehydration process when compared to osmotic dehydration, showed a significant decrease in the shrinkage of fruits resulting in ...
Tanay Dineshkumar Shah
...rooms is less. The paper concentrates on finding out the probable reasons for the people of Gujarat who are not consuming mushrooms regularly in their diets. The survey was conducted targeting the majority of youngsters i.e., Generation Z as the eating habits of present youngsters will define the mushroom market in the future. However, to know the perspective of millennials as well as baby boomers, people from those age groups were also included in the ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
...ey were offered roughage+concentrate at the ratio of 60:40. In 60 proportions the ratio between fodder (lucerne) and crop residues (gram crop residues) was 70:30. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels viz: one group with 18% CP and other group with 22% CP. Daily feeding allowance (@ 3% body weight) was calculated and adjusted according to fortnightly live weights. Water was provided twice a day. Daily weight gain was 953±50 an...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4
...ion, cows fed commercial concentrate were 1.6 times more likely to be lame than cows fed TMR. Cows on farms with an annual hoof trimming frequency had 1.7 times higher odds to be lame than cows with twice-a-year hoof trimming. Similarly, cows in environmentally controlled sheds had a 2.6 times higher probability of lameness than cows kept in open sheds. Moreover, prevalence of lameness was significantly associated (P<0.05) with the seasons of the yea...
Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*
...
field, clarify and concentrate the filtrate by centrifugation with 1400 g
and 28000 g respectively, resuspend the pellet in Tris buffer, sterile by
0.45-μm syringe filter and inject to house fly adults maintained in
laboratory colony, leads to the detection and isolation of this virus from
Egypt. Injection of filtrate induced SGH symptom in 60% injected flies.
The salivary gland symptom was s...
Ljupco Angelovski*, Zagorka Popova, Katerina Blagoevska, Sandra Mojsova, Marija Ratkova Manovska, Mirko Prodanov, Dean Jankuloski, Pavle Sekulovski
...rd part of the study was concentrated on the antimicrobial resistance of the C. jejuni isolates towards three important antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline). The PCR method used revealed highest prevalence for Blaoxa-61 (25%), followed by CmeB and tet(O) genes (19.4%) and aadE with 13.9%. The aph-3-1 gene was not detected in none of the C. jejuni isolates. C. jejuni isolates in this study showed th...
Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1
...l and ethyl acetate. The concentrated extract was identified for its chemical content using gradient system HPLC 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile. The qualitative analysis results showed that the two extracts of O. aristatus resulted from in vitro culture containing rosmarinic acid and sinensetin. When compared to the wild type, the chromatogram had a larger area than the wild type. This study provides new information regarding the secondary metabolite content o...
Jong Ho Ahn1, Jang Hoon Choi1,2 and In Sik Nam1,3,*
...They were separately fed concentrate and forage (C) or total mixed ration (TMR, T) in the growing and fattening periods. The treatments were GCFC (Concentrate feeding in the growing and fattening periods), GCFT (Concentrate feeding in the growing period and TMR feeding in the fattening period), GTFC (TMR feeding in the growing period and concentrate feed...
Ahmad Wahyudi1*, Sujono Sujono2, Listiari Hendraningsih2, Ari Prima2, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile3 and
Ivar Zekker4
...entional feed containing concentrate and forage without urea (CON), TMR, and TMR silage containing 1.5 % urea. The variables have been observed were feed intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) and average daily gain (ADG). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The average DM intake (kg head-1 day-1) for CON, TMR, and TMR silages were ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3
...y matter intake (DMI) of concentrate, fodder and gram straw was 2.9±0.15, 3.0±0.16 and 1.5±0.08; 2.9±0.07, 3.0±0.07 and 1.3±0.03 kg/d with diet 1 and 2, respectively. Haemoglobin concentration (P<0.05) was found to be 16.4±0.14 and 16.8±0.09 (g/dl) with diet 1 and 2, respectively. Cu and Mn concentrations in wool also differed significantly (P<0.05) between two groups and were found to be 7.4±...
Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9
...isetum purpureum and 20% concentrate was used to incubate the SSR samples (ensiled and non-ensiled) using a 6×11 cm standard nylon bag. Each SSR sample was added with 2% CT and HT, respectively. Soy sauce residue without tannins served as control, giving a total of six experimental units as the combined result of 2 types of the ensilage process and 3 levels of tannin addition treatments. The experiment was arranged following a 2×3 factorial design ...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
.../v absolute methanol and concentrated with 1:1 v/v cold absolute methanol, and then the supernatant is purified using a centrifuge. The metabolic analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and comparing the data with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to obtain specific metabolites. The inhibition test was done with one control (P0: chemical fungicide) and two-level of treatment, i.e., the concentra...
Seon-Ho Kim1, Mahfuzul Islam1,2, A-Rang Son1, Sang-Suk Lee1*
...h forage (HF) and a high concentrate (HC) diet for two subsequent periods of 21 days under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The steers received HF diet had higher pH (P < 0.05). Higher acetate concentration was recorded in the Jersey steers and those received HF diet; however, the Holstein steers and those received HC diet had higher propionate concentration (P < 0.05). The lowest A:P ratio was observed in the Holstein steers and those received HC die...
Jarmuji Jarmuji1,3, Lili Warly2*, Mardiati Zain2, Khasrad Khasrad2
...ged as follow: P0= OPF + concentrate + 10% commercial sakura block, P1 = OPF + concentrate + 6% sakura block plus, P2 = OPF + concentrate + 8% sakura block plus, P3 = OPF+ concentrate + 10 % sakura block plus, P4 = OPF + concentrate + 12% sakura block plus, P5 = OPF+ concentrate + 14...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4,
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
...ice. Various formulas of concentrated seaweed pulp (5 g, 10 g, and 15 g) and spice formulations (onion, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and lemongrass) were applied, and a Randomized Block Design with three replications was used. Subsequently, observation variables included analysis of water content, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, antioxidant activity, fiber content, water absorption index, color intensity, and sensory evaluation. The data were analyzed by ANOVA a...
Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*
...): lambs fed clover hay, concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus sodium bicarbonate (1% of dry matter (DM)), while lambs in G2 and G3 groups fed clover hay, CFM plus natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) at the level of 1 and 2% of DM, respectively. Results showed that there were insignificant (P<0.05) differences among groups in the digestion coefficients (%) of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and feeding value expressed as digestible...
Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3
...ted that Pakistan should concentrate more on economies with a large population as a Kinnow commodity importing nation. Stable exchange rates include the involvement of strong government pricing policies to make Mandarin more competitive on world markets. The issue of Pakistan’s low export-to-production ratio needs to be addressed. It is proposed that Pakistan seek to improve the environment of exports with countries close to Pakistan and its neighbors. P...
Muhammad Hanif Khan1, Syed Muhammad Suhail2, Hayaz uddin1, Aitbar Khan3, Rashid Ahmed Magsi3, Rajwali Khan2*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Asim Ijaz2 and Khalid Khan2
...wheat straw and compound concentrate as per their maintenance and production requirement twice daily. Group A animals were considered as control with no supplementation of yeast culture, while Group B and C animals were supplemented with 20 g/day and 40 g/day of yeast culture respectively and were considered as treatment groups. Water was provided ad libitum to all groups. Yeast culture (YC) supplementation significantly (p<0.001) increased the average dail...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...ve different SV solution concentrates; the 1st group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The 3rd group (SV2), the 4th group (SV3) and the 5th (SV4) group were dipped in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of SV solutions, respectively, at four-time of eggs dipping: at day 10th (T10), day 17th (T17), day 24th (T24) and day 31st of incubation (T31) totaling ten groups with thre...
Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2
...mg/kg BW). In basal diet concentrate was fed at the rate of 2% body weight while roughage (hay)was given as ad-libitum. The dietary treatments were continued for 2 months. The results showed that microbial count (E. coli and Lactobacillus) was higher (p<0.05) in goats offered basal diet supplemented with organic selenium compared to goats fed on basal diet with no Se supplementation. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were significant...
El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2
...ve different SV solution concentrates; the first (1st) group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The 3rd group (SV2), the 4th group (SV3) and the 5th (SV4) group were dipped in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of SV solutions for 3 minutes, respectively, at four-time of eggs dipping: at day 10th (T10), day 17th (T17), day 24th (T24) and day 31st of incubation (T31) totalin...
Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3
...0% green fodder, and 40% concentrate mixture (dry matter basis) fed separately as a conventional feeding system. Cattle in the other two treatment groups were fed TMR, where one fed TMR (TMR1) with control ration and the other fed TMR (TMR2) with the same feed ingredients in the same quantity except probiotic fermented rice straw instead of untreated rice straw of TMR1. The trial lasted ninety days. Feeding of TMR2 improved the growth rate (P<0.05) of fatte...
I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2, I Gede Mahardika1, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura1
... leaf flour (HLF) in the concentrate on protein balance, blood metabolic profile, and body composition of Etawah crossbreed goats. A total of 20 goats with an average initial body weight of 18.22 ± 3.09 kg were used in the study with a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments tested were as follows: A: elephant grass + concentrate A (without HLF); B: treatment A +
Abd El-Moniem Ali S. Mahgoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Hafeez, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed*, Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy, Mohamed Ibrahim Nassar
...R1) was the control (60% concentrate feed mixture + 40% clover hay). The remaining rations were supplemented with sesban hay by 10% (R2), 20% (R3), and 30% (R4) as a replacement from the clover hay ratio in the control ration. Results showed that supplementation of sesban hay increased the nutritive value of digestible crude protein (P < 0.0001), ruminal pH, and NH3-N values. Total dry matter intake tended insignificantly decrease with increasing levels fro...
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
...First group was received concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and BH (60:40 %) as control diet (T0). Tested groups T1 and T2 were given rations containing (BB) 10 % or 20 % as replacement of (BH) in the control diet, respectively, for 90 days as an experimental period. As digestibility trials were conducted on the goats to determine the digestion coefficients and feeding values of rations used. Results revealed that goat groups that received T1 and T2 recorded a sig...
Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud*
...rol diet formulated from concentrate feed mixture and berseem hay with rate of 60 and 40%, respectively. Kids in the 2nd (G1) and 3rd (G2) groups were fed the control ration supplemented with 1% or 2%-DCHL as a replacement of berseem hay in control ration. Results revealed that digestion coefficients, feeding value, final body weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher with diets containing up to 2%-DCHL than control one. Feed intake were hig...
Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Minh Thanh Tram1, Thi Thu Pham1, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Khanh Ly Nguyen1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Cong Thieu Pham3, Nguyen Khang Duong4
... with exotic goat breeds concentrated in other clade, indicating clear maternal divergence between local and exotic goat breeds. D-loop mtDNA diversity within the two local goat breeds in Ninh Thuan Province of Vietnam was low, indicating a close genetic relationship with Indochina goats (Laos), separated into a sub-lineage from maternal lineage B. Further insights regarding the genetic diversity of Vietnamese local goats require detailed in-depth studies....
Mostafa El-Sebelgy1*, Hanafy Madbouly2, Sabry Tamam2, Nagwa Ata1, Kawther Zaher1
... isolated on SPF-ECE and concentrated using PEG-6000. The concentrate was analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a technique called untargeted (label-free) shotgun proteomic analysis. The resultant peptides were used along with RefSeq proteins and primers for multiple sequence alignment. Multiple extrinsic proteins [NS1, NS3 and VP3 of African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) and NS3 o...
Lin Li1,2, Pingsheng Ye1, Xi Chen1, Shuping Yan1 and Yuanshu Zhang1*
...lign: justify;">The high concentrate/low forage (HC/LF) diets cause a dramatic decline in milk fat secretion. Hepatic lipid metabolism is active when ruminant is on lactation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver metabolism adaptation to high-concentrate diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD). Six Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high-
Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1
...ed by gavage after being concentrated by 2 ml for each animal (80 mg ATR/kg) except for those in the control group, and time-dependent hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, hematological and biochemical effects were analyzed. No histopathological change was detected in the liver and kidney tissues of the rats in the experimental groups. Both hematological and serum biochemical values (Ca, P, TBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, and Creatinine) were within the physiological limits i...
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...ng activities are mostly concentrated in the early morning and evening times which correspond to the energy needs of the species and the resting time peaked during mid-day, may be associated with temperature coping strategy. Difference observed in pre and post hatching activity patterns may be attributed to time needed for incubation and responsibility of providing food to the young ones. White-throated kingfisher makes need based time allocation for various a...
Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2
...d of 30% rice straw, 30% concentrate, 30% indigofera, 5% molasses, and 5% VCO. The group of treatments were wafer supplemented with VCO (P0); wafer supplemented with VCO saponification (P1); wafer supplemented with VCO protected by formaldehyde (P2); wafer without VCO (P3); and wafer supplemented with VCO mixed on indigofera (P4). Each treatments were using six replications and tested for their physical quality, rancidity, and rumen fermentation characteristic...
Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari
...o molitor caterpillar in concentrate and tofu dregs growth media on nutrient content and determine the Tmc effect in the diet on the production of laying quail. The study was divided into two stages of research. Phase 1 of the laboratory experiment determined the composition of the concentrate and tofu dregs media on the nutrient content of Tenebrio molitor. This study method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with six...
Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari
...as that treatment E (50% concentrate + 50% Tofu dregs) was an effective treatment and obtained protein content (71.13%), fat content (17.60%), and production of larvae (105.12 g). Phase 2 showed that the use of 12% Tenebrio molitor larvae (substituted 100% fish meal) could maintain the performance of broilers.
Keywords | Medium fermentation, Natura, Tenebrio molitor larvae, Nutrient content, Broiler performance
...
Sherif Abdelghany1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer2, Mohamed Ali Radwan1, Rania Agamy1
...d two districts used the concentrate to feed animals, which was formulated at home and mixed with roughage at feeding times. The Newly reclaimed district used mixed roughages (P < 0.001) compared with Nile Valley district that provided mainly wheat straw. Green forage patterns differed (P = 0.001) in the two districts, where water grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was the major fodder in both districts, followed by corn fodder and clover. The feed intake of
Kamel Etman Ibrahim Etman*, Salah Kamal Sayed, Farouk Amin El-Sayed, Abd-Alghany Hasaneen Ghoniem, Mostafa Mohamed El-Nahrawy, Mona Ahmed Alsayed Farag
...tion which contains 60 % concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 30 % corn silage (CS) and 10 % alfalfa hay (AH). The 2nd and 3rd animal groups were fed control ration supplemented with 5 gm probiotics bacteria and 10 gm fibrolytic enzyme per head , respectively. The experiment lasted about 180 days. Animals fed rations B and C appeared improvement in daily live body weight (LBW) gain with rate of 8.43 % and 13.19%, respectively. Consequently, animals fed supplemente...
Khalid Farooq, Muhammad Tahir and Nazir Ahmad Khan*
... insufficient feeding of concentrates. The present study was carried out to address this issue, by developing maize silage and ryegrass forage blend based fattening rations. Five diets containing maize silage and ryegrass in the ratios of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 70:30 on dry matter (DM) basis in the forage mixture were evaluated in comparison with a control/traditional diet. A total of 18 calves were allocated to the six experimental diets according to ...
R. Singh1† and R. Z. Sayyed2
...A amount was observed in concentrate form in infected cells of cortex, pericycle and xylem
tracheid of vascular region. Hyper hydrolysis of starch induced by M. incognita in sponge gourd roots was tested by
studying the localization of amylodextrin. A positive test was observed with nematode body and surrounding tissues
when stained with toluidine blue.
...
O. A. Fabiyi
...there after acetone. The concentrated extracts were
subjected to chromatography on a silica gel packed column. The nematicidal activity of the fractions were
evaluated in the laboratory using a 4x4x3 factorial experiment, while the crude extracts were tested on
Meloidogyne incognita infecting Abelmoschus esculentus in the field. Three hundred juveniles were used for the
assessment. Acetone extract coded DNLO/Me2C...
Muhammad Iqbal Anjum*, Shahbaz Javaid, Agha Waqar Yunus, Faisal Ashfaq and Javed Iqbal
...emented with 75% and 65% concentrate (C) were formulated as: T1) MS to C ratio of 25:75%, T2) MS to C ratio of 35:65%, T3) MC to C ratio of 25:75%, T4) MC to C ratio of 35:65%, T5) WS to C ratio of 25:75% and T6) WS to C ratio of 35:65%. These TMRs were offered ad libitum along-with 5 kg green fodder to each calf for 100 days. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and nutrient digestibility during last 5-days were recorded of individual animals. The calves fed T...
Ronny A.V. Tuturoong1*, Sony A. E. Moningkey1 and Nova L.I.M. Ogi2
...stover+0% king grass+30% concentrate; T2 (35% corn stover+35% king grass+30 % concentrate; T3 (0% corn stover+70% king grass+30% concentrate. Fecal of HF was collected every day for ten weeks after adaptation. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD), NH3 synthesis and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were analy...
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
...onal marketing frequency concentrate twice with an interest rate of 6%. The feed application experimental design used a factorial 3x2 Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 replications. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the corporate model’s production system and business management. Production analysis was analyzed using ANOVA and data were processed using R studio software version 4.1.2. Furthermore, the observed parameters include avera...
Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2
...d to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake, salt, and minerals. The treatments were as follows: T0= 35% fermented sugarcane shoots (FSS) + 5% fermented tithonia (FT) + 0% avocado waste (AW) + 60% concentrate, T1= 35%...
Subramaniyam Suresh, Saravanakumar Marimuthu*, Prashanth D’Souza
...of PTF (40 g/cow/day) in concentrate feed and water was fed to the dairy cows for four consecutive weeks. The effectiveness of PTF was evaluated by assessing the parameters like milk yield (L), 4% fat corrected milk (4% FCM), milk fat (%), blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (mmol/L), and serum cholesterol & triglycerides (mg/dL), and liver marker enzymes (IU/L) viz. aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase ...
USMAN AHMAD*1, AMTUL JAMIL SAMI1, MADEEHA KARAMAT1, MADEEHA KHALID1, FAIZAN NAEEM2 & MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF3
...cated hydrogels has been concentrated to evaluate the medication discharge instrument in-vitro and in-vivo. Fickian diffusion mechanisms have been read for the release of insulin at diverse pH (5.4 and 7.5).
Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2
...try and can be used as a concentrated alternative. This study aims to determine the impact of giving Tithonia diversifolia plants, cassava leaves, and palm concentrates on the milk production and quality (fat and lactose), intake, and digestibility of Etawa Crossbred Goat. The supplemented treatments were: A; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia...
Ovirup Bhushan Paul1, Shodipta Sharma Urmi2, Md. Ashraf Ali Biswas3*
...& rice straw and 30% concentrate mixture. FTMR feed was produced by mixing TMR feed with molasses containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prepared TMR and FTMR feed mixed with rumen fluid buffer for in vitro digestion at 6h, 12h, 24h, & 48h of the incubation period. There were five replications at each of TMR and FTMR dietary treatments. Mean comparison of both TMR and FTMR group evaluated by t-test assuming equal variances. We observed decreasing tenden...
Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2
...were A (guinea grass and concentrate, 7:3), B (guinea grass, water mimosa and concentrate, 4:3:3), C (guinea grass, giant molest and concentrate, 4:3:3), D (guinea grass, water chestnut, and concentrate, 4:3:3). The value of dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, N-Ammonia (N-NH3), total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), parti...
Nguyen Thi Kim Dong1*, Nguyen Van Thu2
....8%vitamin-enzyme (VE)to concentrate-basal diets corresponding to the S0, SP0.2, SP0.4, VE0.4 and VE0.8 treatments. The results indicate that the treatments supplemented SP and VE improved final live weight and daily weight gain (p<0.05) and the birds in the PS0.2 treatment had the highest daily weight gain (17.3 g/day), final live weight (1543 g/bird) and better feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Similarly, the carcass, breast and thigh weights were signif...
Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*
...ply from both forage and concentrate and the average daily gain of Bali cattle at the breeding center in Pulukan, Jembrana Regency, Bali Province. This study used an analytical survey approach. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations based on a questionnaire. The observed forage land area was 96.5 ha, including cropland of 26.5 ha and pasture of 70 ha. A total of 760 Bali cattle were observed to determine weight gain. The collected data were t...
Sigit Bintara1*, Riyan Nugroho Aji1, Panjono2, Ali Agus3
...d served with forage and concentrate (CP 16%) at 10% and 3% to the body weight, respectively. There were also added some egg yolk citrate diluent of 2.9% (v/v), Sodium citrate dihydrate buffer, 100 mL of distilled water, and an egg yolk mixture to a proportion of 20% egg yolk 8% (v/v) glycerol (Merck, Germany), penicillin (1,000 IU/mL), and streptomycin (1,000 mg/mL). Sperm was diluted to 50 million/mL and treated with lycopene extract levels of 0% (control), ...
Fadzlin Afiqah A. Samad2, Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1, Muhamad Affan Ab Azid1, Hafizin Mu’izz Zalazilah1, Syakirah Zulkifli1, Izreen Edriana Mohd Jasmi1, Muhammad Baqir Irfani Rahimin Affandi1, Mohd Zamri Saad1, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Agung Irawan3,7, Adib Norma Respati4, Anuraga Jayanegara5,7, Sadarman Sadarman6,7, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,2,7*.
...onship between forage to concentrate (FC) ratio, nutrient constituent, and nutrient intake on milk production and milk component in dairy buffalo. A dataset comprised of 89 comparisons from multi-species of buffaloes were analyzed according to a linear mixed model methodology with explanatory variables declared as fixed effects and individual study as random effects. The results showed a negative curvilinear pattern of milk yield across buffaloes’ breeds...
Roy Malindo1, Hosea Abdiel Duto Wicaksono2, Maskur2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Osfar Sjofjan4, Siti Chuzaemi4*
..., forage production, and concentrate supplementation. The model predicted that the level of feed supply would increase as forage production was increased the cattle population was reduced and although concentrate supplementation was decreased. The simulations of three scenarios revealed that a combination of scenarios across the cattle-forage-concentrate nexus appears to be the most effici...
Rizki Palupi*, Arfan Abrar, Fitri Nova Liya Lubis, Yuni Kurniati, Bianca Ikriza Octa Nadia Putri
...icken feed: a mixture of concentrate, corn, rice bran and fishmeal, and CCI according to the treatment. The observed variables were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber), hematological status and blood malondialdehyde levels in blood of broiler chickens. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and further tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study indicated that the CCI had a significant (P<0.05) effect on nutrie...
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*
... supplementation such as concentrate and bypass fat to improve the buffalo performance warrants further investigations, especially in an in-vitro study. Even though several studies have reported the potential of supplementation in enhancing the growth of buffaloes, the effect on a different breeds of buffaloes, the potential to reduce methane production, and the changes in microbial populations remained unclear following different ratios of forage: supplementa...
Novirman Jamarun1, Roni Pazla1*, Arief2, Elihasridas1, Gusri Yanti3, Rani Winardi Wulan Sari4, Zaitul Ikhlas4
...o their body weight. The concentrate utilized in the study comprised tofu dregs, corn, rice bran, palm kernel cake, minerals, and salt. A randomized block design with four treatments and four groups of goat body weight as replicates was employed in the research. The four treatments were as follows: (T1 = mangrove leaves hay (MLH) 35% + fermented T. diversifolia (FTD) 5% + Concentrate (C) 60%, T2 = MLH 30% + FTD 10% + C 60%, ...
Mudawamah Mudawamah1*, Sumartono Sumartono1, G. Ciptadi2, E. Susanto3, Y. Hartoyo4, L. Affandhy5,6
...eed given in the form of concentrate (2% of body weight), and forage (10% of body weight). The results showed that morphology, physiology, and total protein did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05) to differentiate broodstock in a single or twin brood in Sapudi sheep or their crosses, except for Suffas sheep. Total protein could show the difference between twin lambs having total protein > 6.36 g/dL and single lambs having total protein < 6.36...
Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3
...sava root (28.8%), mixed concentrates (21.6%), enset root (14.7%), and local brewery by-product (9.8%) as supplementary feed. The mean age of cattle when fattening began is 5.32±.08 years and fattening duration will take around 3.48±.05 months. Farmers fatten about 1.88±.05 cattle/fattening season and 1.74±.03 times /year. Decisions for finishing cattle is highly determined (p<0.05) by body condition change, weight gain, feed int...
Shaker B. Al Suwaiegh
... diets composed of 50.0% concentrates and 50.0% forages. The four diets formulated according to replacement of alfalfa hay with giant reed were control alfalfa hay diet (T1; 50.0% alfalfa hay) and giant reed rations (T2 20.0% alfalfa hay and 30.0% giant reed; T3 10.0% alfalfa hay and 40.0% giant reed; T4 50.0% giant reed). Nutrients digestibility, body weight, physiological parameters and serum metabolites were investigated during the study. The results indica...
Arief1*, Roni Pazla2
...ia sepium (Gs) with palm concentrate (PC). We used a completely randomized design, implementing four treatments with four replicates as follows: Treatment T1: Control; 60% Company Ration + 40% Company Concentrate, T2: 60% (Md+Gs) + 15% CC +25% PC, T3: 60% (Iz+Gs) + 15% CC + 25% PC, T4: 60% (Md+Iz) + 15% CC +25% PC. The findings indicated that there were no significant differences in FCM production among the treatments, excep...
Nur Saptahidhayat1, Claude Mona Airin1, Yanuartono1, Dyah Ayu Widiasih1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Sri Handayani Irianingsih2, Meta Iqomah3
...f basal feed and Karfeed concentrate, Group II, cows had a variety of basal feed, Karfeed concentrate, and premix, and Group III, cows got a combination of basal feed and Protelis® concentrate. The study had 55 days of treatment. The evaluation of milk production and quality was conducted before and after treatment. The research showed that all cows were diagnosed as healthy after suff...
Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna
... provided was forage and concentrate with a rate of 10% of the cow’s body weight. Cattle were intensively reared in a semi-permanent housing system. Disease prevention has been done well, especially to handled worm diseases. The average income of farmers from livestock early was only IDR 4,677,545 or IDR 389,795/month. This income does not cover the daily needs of the farmer’s family, and as a result farmers turn to other sources of income. This ca...
Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2
...ent levels of commercial concentrate in the diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, growth and carcass performance of Phan Rang sheep raised in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. Twenty-five intact male Phan Rang sheep averaging body weight of 15.4 ± 1.3 (SD) kg/animal were randomly assigned to five groups with different levels of concentrate, including: control (C) (ad libitum access to gr...
Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.
...es were ultrafiltered to concentrate coliphages, enteric and H5Nl viruses. Coliphages infecting Escherichia coli were detected in both of sewage polluted samples and chlorinated water samples especially in warmer seasons, however, maximum counts were recorded during summer and the minimal were detected in winter. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage par...
Karl Maramorosch
...mas. Earlier attempts to concentrate, purify and visualize by electron microscopy the presumptive viruses have failed. Causative agents of yellows-type plant diseases were classified as viruses because no fungi or bacteria could be detected in diseased plants. The inadequate characterization of viruses delayed the discovery of the pathogens of yellows-type diseases by forty years. In 1967 Japanese plant pathologists and entomologists announced the discovery of...
Ahmed Abd El Samie Hassan Ali
...natant was clarified and concentrated for second inoculation. A another 16 BVDV seronegative New Zeeland rabbits, classified into 4 groups, each of 4 designated for second closed inoculation with clarified supernatant of rabbit tissue harvests of first inoculation in comparison to reference BVDV type-I-NADL, BVDV type-2-890 and control negative. Clinical scores and samples included nasal & rectal swabs and sera from rabbits were collected on days, 3,...
Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi*, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra
..., corn straw silage, and concentrate for etawa crossbreed goats. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and each treatment was repeated four times, so there were 16 experimental units. The four treatments were: A = silage with 0% corn straw silage + 60% elephant grass silage + 40% concentrate; B = 20% corn straw silage + 40% elephant grass silage + 40% concentrate
Ram Prasad Ghimire
...plementation and require concentrate feed or good quality fodder to supplement their diet....
Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1
...stems (forage only [F1], concentrate feed only [F2], and forage + concentrate [F3]) in a 3x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design for ten weeks. The study found that the main effect of housing and feeding systems with their interaction had a significant (p<0.05) effect on measured growth and hematological parameters. Measured serum biochemical indices of rabbits were not significantly (p>0.05) affected b...
Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah
...fect of giving different concentrate levels with the addition of tree legume on the digestibility value and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of dairy goats. This study used dairy goats in the lactation phase were 10 of the Etawa Crossbreed and 6 Sapera. The materials used are feed in the form of tofu dregs, elephant grass and concentrate composed of distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), corn gluten feed (CGF), coconut...
Zahid I. Mohammed
... The first group was fed concentrate diet 3% of the body weight every day and was deemed to be the control group. The second group was daily fed concentrate diet 3% of the body weight in addition to Spirulina (2gm/head). The third group was daily fed concentrate diet 3% of body weight which contains Spirulina (5gm/head) while the fourth group was daily fed concentr...
Putri Okta Shafura1, Mardiati Zain2*, Elihasridas2, Bima Bagaskara1, Ummi Amanah1, Laras Sukma Sucitra1, Bella Veliana Utami1, Roni Pazla2, Erpomen2, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat2, Riris Delima Purba3, Ruslan Abdul Gopar3, Putut Suryo Negoro3
...omposition of forage and concentrate, including P0 (Control), P1 (0.5% S. cerevisiae), P2 (0.3% sulfur), and P3 (0.5% S. cerevisiae + 0.3% sulfur). The Tilley and Terry in-vitro methods were utilized to measure rumen characteristics, nutrient digestibility, protozoan population, microbial protein synthesis, and methane gas production. The results revealed a significant impact (P < 0.05) of these treatments on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation ch...
Ping Sheng Ye1, Lin Li2, Yu Long Wu3 and Yuan Shu Zhang1*
...ting goats fed with high-concentrate diets. Ten lactating goats were used and randomly divided into two groups, in a 2×2 Latin square experiment design with different forage to concentrate rations of 40:60 (the control group) and 60:40 (the high-concentrate group), respectively. During the experiment, milk samples were collected to assay the content of milk compositions; plasma sampl...
Umair Ahmad1*, Asad Sultan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Tahir2
...available animal protein concentrates could be ameliorated by supplementing birds with a ginger phyto-protease enzyme....
Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor
Javaid1
...31) of rice. The highest concentrated (6%) soildecomposed
plant residue of red sprangletop significantly reduced the germination
percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling vigor index by 35.13, 23.26
and 41.61% compared to control. It very well may be presumed that liquid concentrates of
leave and stem soil-decomposed plant residues of 6% concentration had diff...
Nittaya Thongtip1, Sukanya Poolthajit1, Sirikhan Thartrak1, Qiongxian Yan2, Suntorn Wittayakun1*
...vidually fed roughage to concentrate at a ratio of 30 to 70 daily. The experiment consisted of four consecutive periods, with the first 14 d for dietary adaptation and the last 6 d for data collection each, and lasted for 80 days of overall trial. Results indicated that all supplementations did not affect feed and nutrient intake (p > 0.05). However, adding RDA, ZBC, and RAZC significantly increased blood hematocrit (p = 0.010). Adding either RDA or ZBC and...
Suparada Saphaphan, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*
...ixed thoroughly with the concentrated feed ingredients to make TMR at a ratio of 60:40. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design. Results showed that cumulative gas production at 72 h was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the MSGBTRS treatment, while PH exhibited the lowest value (P<0.05). Additionally, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) at 24 and 48 h was highest in the 3.5% UTRS treatment (P<0.001), while that in the MSGBTRS ...
MUHAMMAD MANSOOR,ABDUL AZIZ KHAKWANI,NAJIBULLAH KHAN,INAYAT ULLAH AWAN,EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,Mohammad Safdar Baloch,ASGHAR ALI KHAN
Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*
... wood shortages. Despite concentrated efforts to familiarize and encourage innovative agri-forestry practices in Pakistan, the achievement of such initiatives is influenced by various factors. This paper examines the current limitations to agri forestry promotion in the country, which include attitudes of extension staff, weak coordination between research and extension, insufficiently trained personnel, limited response from farmers to advice, restrictions in...
Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Ayaz Khan
...in 2013. This is however concentrated in center of the park, which is probably more protected than its peripheries. The open areas in the park reduced from 317 ha to 231 ha in 2013, however the degradation is more towards the edges, where local communities living around the park is probably cutting the forests. However, this degradation at edges, creating open areas which are preferred habitat of chinkara, has probably played a key role in escape of the chinka...
Ajiboye, A. A.1, Ebofin, A. O.1, M. O. Atayese,2, M. O. Adedire3, D. A. Agboola1 and M. Kadiri1
... soaking of seeds in 90% concentrated sulphuric acid for 10-15 minutes; and mechanical scarification using coarse sand, gravel and emery cloth abrasion. The percentage germination in pretreated seeds ranged between 70-100%. The emery cloth treatments gave the best result. The proximate analysis of the seeds including the moisture content, dry matter, fibre content, crude protein content, crude fibre content, ash content and carbohydrate content were estimat...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...es, fodders, grazing and concentrates. However, there is shortage of feed amounting to 2508 DM, 231.4 CP and 1115.7 TDN thousand tones. This deficiency in food results in low production per unit area and/or per livestock head. To tap maximum economic return and sustainable livestock production range improvement activities like application of fertilizer, conversion of vegetation, exclosure, grazing management, introduction of nutritious and high yielding fodder...
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
...bank stability and heavy concentrated rains. All the above causes and features have been mapped using 1:50,000 scale....
Hakim Shah, Malik Illahi Bakhsh and Mohammad Amjad
...he tree stock is
mostly concentrated in lower diameter classes. The dia
classes 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 account for 42%, 24% and
13% respectively of the total tree stock.The estimated
volume of gowning stock is 14 million m3 of which 10.6
million m3 (76%) is in irrigated areas.The per ha volume
of growing stock is 8.0 m3, 13.8 and 5.3 m3 for all
areas, irrigated and un-irrigated areas respectively.
The growing s...
Mian Muhammad Muslim
... The
activity is mainly concentrated around irrigated forest plantations of Changa Manga,
Daphar, Chichawatni, Kamalia, Khanewal, Bhagat, Kundian and Jauharabad. Besides it is
scattered on a small scale in various other parts of the province viz: Shakargarh, Sialkot,
Gujranwala, Kasur, Sharkpur, Faisalabad, Rajana, Gojra, Sargodha, Soan Skasar Valley,
Taxila, Okara, Pipliphar, Multan Chishtian, Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan area....
Ashiq Ahmad and G. M. Khattak
...ring tree,
treated with concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 minutes
and 30 minutes and then thoroughly washed and soaked in
water for 24 hours before sowing, started germination
the next day and gave, with in 5 days 84 and 90%
germination, respectively. Soaking in acid for one hour,
followed by 24 hours soaking in water gave 76%
germination after 5 days. About 90% germination was
obtained in 20 days with acid soaking for 15 and 30
minutes not followed ...
Mahmood Iqbal Skeikh
...si were treated with concentrated sulphuric acid for different periods of times....
K.M. Siddiqui
...ested that AKLASC should concentrate on its forest operations, extract all standing Timber handed over to it and sell
the same in round form. Some changes in current administrative set up are also suggested to improve the efficiency of AKLASC....
Danh Mo
... and 50% grass in DM)-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios of 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 (DM basis). The daily consumption of Wedelia by the goat varied considerably (P<0.05) between treatments (38.2-139 g DM, equivalent to 15-50% of the total DM intake), but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily total DM intake (2.63-2.85% of their live weight). As the concentrate level increased, there was a significant (P<0.05...
Hong Chen1,2, Jiawei Liu1,2, Chuan Lin1,2, Hao Lv1,2, Jiyun Zhang1,2, Xiaodong Jia1,2, Qinghua Gao1,2 and Chunmei Han1,2*
...l reaction products were concentrated in the mesenchymal cell membranes and intercellular matrix of healthy and regenerated antlers. Our results suggested that the repair process of antler damage after top pruning treatment mainly promotes the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and T lymphocytes through biological signals such as WNT, IHH, and IL2RA to ensure the development of antler tissue again after top pruning. To sum u...
Lei Chu1, Jie Yang2, Zhenshi Chen2, Xiajun Zhang1, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang2 and Lihui Wang2*
...organ highlighted in the concentrated analysis. The functional changes of DEGS are mainly related to cell cycle progression, cell cycle, helicase activity, DNA helicase activity, exosome and p53 signal pathway. In addition, five HUB genes and one key module were identified. Survival analysis showed that MCM2 and GINS2 were significantly correlated with overall survival. Expression analysis showed that MCM2 and GINS2 were highly expressed in cancer tissues, but...
Yue Guo1,2*, Hai Yan Dong1, Hong Chang Zhou1,2, Hui Zhang1 and Ming Ke Lu3
...e of schistosomiasis was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and people over 50 were at higher risk....
Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1
...bination of roughage and concentrate feed. Bloat, diarrhea, colds, fevers and skin diseases are common among others. Mares experience first heat at 24.02±2.61 months and conceive at 27.09±3.64 months. Foaling length, gestation interval and estrous length were recorded as 26.98±3.14 months, 11.58±0.46 months and 21.25±0.75 days respectively. Chestnut and bay are the predominant coat colors among others. Male horses have higher...
Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*
...fore feeding. In feeding concentrate feed, almost 50% of farms mixed the feed ingredients manually, the rest (21%) farms used commercial feed, 29% of farms were found using both commercial and hand-mixing feed. 71% of farmers were found to formulate ration on their own, whereas only 29% of farmers did ration formation by a technically skilled person. In for milk’s nutritive content, Total Solids content was higher at 12.46±0.51 in morning milk in ...
Elly Roza, Yulia Yellita, Hilda Susanty, Rizqan
...nts: P1 = basal forage + concentrate, P2 = P1 + cassava leaves (2 kg), P3 = P1 + sweet potato leaves (2 kg), P4 = P1 + Moringa leaves (2 kg). Parameters observed in this study were milk production, milk protein, milk fat, milk lactose, and Solid Nonfat. The results obtained in the study are as follows: milk production (2.00–3.60 kg/7% FCM), protein (2.27–3.42%), fat (5.86–7.97%), lactose (3.60–5.20%) and solid nonfat (8.11–8.92%)....
Catur Suci Purwati1, Chusnul Hanim2*, Lies Mira Yusiati2, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto3
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
Iqtidar Hussain1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch, Ejaz Ahmad Khan and Asghar Ali Khan
... stem peel and their 20% concentrated extracts were obtained. The extracts were applied after preparation of 72 hours and were used as per requirement of plants till 30 days. The data recorded after 15 and 30 days after sowing exhibited that all the studied parameters were negatively influenced by the application of neem, eucalyptus and tobacco aqueous extracts which means that maize plants showed poor morpho-physiological growth response against these solutio...
Renny Fatmyah Utamy1*, Ambo Ako1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Zyahrul Ramadan2, Andi Arif Rahman Hakim2,3, Siti Annisa Sukri2
...matter intake of forage, concentrate, total consumption, milk yield, feed conversion efficiency, heart rate, body temperature, heat tolerance coefficient, or Benezra coefficients. In early lactation, dairy cows are susceptible to negative energy balance, which can reduce performance and affect physiological values. Proper feed intake can help address the negative energy balance (NEB), many cows get NEB during this phase. Performance and physiological values at...
Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo
...tions. It is potent as a concentrate substitution regarding its phytochemicals and the effect on Indonesian Peranakan Etawa crossbreed Goats (PE), which needed to be comprehensively explored. Dried C. calothyrsus leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol, hexane, and chloroform. Twenty PE does on the third week of lactation with an average body weight of 35.22 kg and 1.5 to 2.0 years old were used. The experimental design of this research was a Completely Randomi...
Ali Bain*, Musriah, La Ode Nafiu, La Ode Muh. Munadi, La Ode Muhsafaat, Nur Santy Asminaya, Astriana Napirah, Widhi Kurniawan, Fuji Astuty Auza, Deki Zulkarnain
...ations were a mix of 60% concentrate (25% fermented corn cobs and 75% agricultural by-products) and 40% forage supplemented with different levels of CaS-soybean oil (0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5% and 4.5%). The measured research parameters were (i) fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N and total volatile fatty acid (VFA)), (ii) nutrient digestibility (dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD) and crude protein...
Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*
...borative research should concentrate on creating new machine learning and/or deep learning models.
Keywords | Digital twin, Animal behavior monitoring, Environmental control, Farm operation, Livestock supply chain, Precision agriculture
...
Nuttanun Leamkrajang, Somkiert Prasanpanich, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*
...ng ratios of roughage to concentrate on rumen fluid among different species of ruminants, specifically focusing on rumen fermentation characteristics and the population of rumen microorganisms. The investigation utilized a 3×2 factorial in CRD, incorporating four replications. The inoculum sources included three animal species (swamp buffalo, beef cattle, and goat), while the dietary treatments consisted of two roughages to conce...
Muhammad Noman Tariq1, Saeed Ahmed*1, Ghazanfar Ali Chishti1, Muhammad Shahbaz Zafar1, Muhammad Saadullah2, Muhammad Usman1, Mohsin Ali1 and Ghulam Qadir1
...two roughage levels with concentrates (80% and 20%) and two dietary levels of CSH (0 and 80 mg/kg/head/day). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were calculated using total tract digestibility. Results indicated that CSH supplementation (80 mg/kg) significantly improved (P < 0.05) the digestibility of crude protein (CP) by 2.87%, ether extract (EE) by 5.98% and NDF by 5.65% in bucks fed a high <...
Saima Bibi* and Nazir Ahmad
...et of 90% fodder and 10% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Five Plant-derived phenolic compounds and commercial tannic acid at concentration of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% were used. The phenolic extracts were prepared by treating plants in hot water, allowing biological activity at room temperature and then filtering. These extracts were then applied to berseem fodder to assess changes in nutrient composition. The treatment decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF), a...
Muhammad Abdul Basit1, Lionel Kinkpe1,3*, Abdur Rahman1, Boko Michel Orounladji2, Hafiz Qadeer Ahmed3, Muhammad Subbayyal Akram4, Elodie Dimon5, Gadah Albasher6, Syed Muhammad Suhail1
...Pennisetum purpureum and concentrated feeds. The study assessed performance metrics, including weight gain, body condition score (BCS), and blood parameters, aiming to identify globally applicable, breed-specific feeding strategies for optimal production in the Pothohar Valley, a region characterized by its wet climate. Results demonstrated that Makhi Cheeni and non-descript goats achieved the highest weight gains under stall-feeding (1.50 and 1.20 kg/week, re...
