Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
...P<0.05). The positive alleles of SNPs in Calpain and Calpastatin genes and all of their genotype combinations, were also found to be carried by TGC....
Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1
...in HWE. These identified alleles will be useful for animal selection at molecular level i.e. an ideal tool for marker-assisted selection of animals for future breeding programs.
...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...at the frequency of both alleles HLA-DRB1*11and HLA-DRB1*12 in aero allergy patients is less as compared to healthy controls. HLA-DRB1*11 demonstrated significant association with aeroallergens and could have a protective role for allergy while HLA-DRB1*12 did not show any association with aeroallergen sensitization.
...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...of paternal and maternal alleles for a particular cross. Described here is a line-dot method using ternary genotype codes to determine genotype probabilities in a very quick and simple way. Also ternary genotype codes along with gender symbols and affection status are used to modify the Punnett squares. On applying these modified Punnett squares along polygonal shapes covers all possible parental combinations and their genotypic and phenotypic outcomes in offs...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...rated that the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five and the mean number of alleles was 3.67. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.227 to 0.545 and 0.201 to 0.630, respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.181 to 0.573. Null allele frequency varied from -0.0548 to 0.0563. The sets of loci proved to correctly discriminate populations using Principal Coordinate ...
Relationship of PIT-1 Gene Polymorphism with Breeding Parameters and Body Weights of Cows and Calves
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...equency of genotypes and alleles was respectively: AA=0.0469, AG=0.3154, GG=0.6377, A = 0.2046 and G = 0.7954. AA homozygotes had the highest age at first insemination and the lowest insemination index. Cows with this genotype after calving and calves (both gender) from AA homozygotes had the biggest weight after calving. In contrast GG homozygotes had the longest intercalving period. The results prove the existence of dependencies between genu <...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...ang river. A total of 59 alleles were found and the number of alleles in each locus ranged from 3 to 8, with an average of 5.4. There were 6 highly polymorphic loci and 4 moderately polymorphic loci. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity in four populations ranged from 0.6421-0.6980 and from 0.4841-0.6999. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg were found in the fou...
Lin Wang1,2, Ye Gong3, Kelin Chen1, Haitao Wang3 and Xianguo Lyu1,*
...nd polymorphic with 2-10 alleles. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.481 to 0.827 and the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.373 to 0.775. Significant linkage disequilibrium was found only between two markers. These microsatellites could be used to enhance our understanding of genetic information and breeding biology of Relict Gull.
...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
...55 and 0.945 for A and G alleles, respectively. LEP and IGF1 gene showed polymorphic patterns in Kivircik crossbred sheep population. There was no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05) relative to LEP and IGF1 genotypes.
...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
...dentified. The number of alleles per loci ranged from six to twenty-one with an average of 12.913 and the allele size varied between 161 and 470 bp. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.143 to 1.000 and from 0.351 to 0.926, with average values of 0.614 and 0.771, respectively. Eighteen loci accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)(P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.340 t...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2
...rphic with two different alleles. Levels of genetic variability between the two forms were relatively low and are comparatively either within the range or quite different from those of the same species occurring elsewhere. The means of expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity were 0.175 ± 0.503 and 0.124 ± 0.496, respectively, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 29.42%, while the mean n...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...chnology. A total of 100 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per loci ranged from 2 to 9. The observed and expected heterozygosities per loci ranged from 0.000 to 0.531 and from 0.031 to 0.751, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) showed that six loci were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Five loci (CL1142, CL1770, CL2683, CL3494, CL 3674) significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibr...
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...d rs1801131genotypes and alleles were not significantly different between controls and CHD patients. Further, in CHD individuals, these genotypes failed to show any significant association with DS. However, maternal age increased the risk of CHD in DS (OR=5.32; 95% CIs 1.43-19.82; p=0.013). Mantel-Haenszel analysis showed that MTHFR polymorphisms confounded the effect of maternal age CHD in DS. MTHFR polymorphisms appear to be risk factors...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1
...olymorphic. At average 2 alleles per locus were identified. The size of all alleles ranged from 210bp to 630 bp. Major allelic frequency fluctuated from 54.0% to 96.0%. An overall, the total No. of alleles per locus extended from 22 (PVBR 20) to 49 PvM053. Similarly, the frequency values oscillated from 0.06 of PVBR 20 to 0.14 of PvM053. The PIC values were ranged from 0.295 of PVBR 20 to ...
Jie Zhang1,2,*, Baradi Waryani3,4 and Qihai Zhou2,*
...ellite loci and 12 to 26 alleles per locus denoted. Whereas, d expected and observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.902 to 0.972 and 0.750 to 0.958, respectively. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.869 to 0.949. The cross-species amplification and applicability were also evaluated on Protosalanx chinensis, Neosalanx anderssoni, Neosalanx argentea and Neosalanx oligodontis, and 6-7 loci were...
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
... polymorphic with 3 to 6 alleles per locus and the total number of alleles is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic information content (PIC, 0.482 to 0.753) and the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’, 0.827 to 1.565) of all the 17 pol...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
...> individuals. Number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 2 to 8, 0.083 to 0.922 and 0.042 to 0.866, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.04 to 0.829. These markers will be useful in evaluation germplasm and genetic composition in the further research.
... 
Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*
Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
...animals, three different alleles encoding melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC1R of extension (E) locus and ED allele determining the blackish coat color, a recessive e allele represented red coat color and the E+ wild-type allele give a variety of colors. Variation in pigment production can be predicted with mutations on genetic asset and production factors. The human desire of keeping variated colored animals advanced the genetic field as in many speci...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...pe was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contributing traits showed significant level of correlation in the present germplasm. The dend...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...e parents, the number of alleles ranged from 7 to 22, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.75, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. All loci were highly informative (polymorphic information content, PIC >0.5). We detected a significant correlation between exclusion probabilities for parent pairs (E-PP) and PIC (P<0.01). Simulation analysis revealed that a high assignment rate (>95%) was achieved wh...
Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...cy of the most occurring alleles for the individual polymorphisms studied was the following g.18174 A>G NCF4 gene A-0.807; SAA2 c.-84 G>C
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...e results showed that 64 alleles were detected in 17 microsatellite markers. The average number of alleles was 3.7647, the average heterozygosity was 0.6205, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.5602. It showed that the population of Sonid bactrian camel had high genetic diversity. Among 17 microsatellite markers, 4 microsatellites were found to be associated with body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels. ...
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
...with two different-sized alleles against each primer. Dendrogram was constructed using software SAS by Neighbor-Joining method which clustered the soybean lines into two groups. Maximum genetic dissimilarity (7) was found between line B24G14 and line B23G16. From the results of the study, it was clear that B20G16 had maximum morphological growth, while B29G11 revealed minimum growth among the tested lines, although these two lines were clustered into the same ...
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
...>HhaI had two common alleles. Based on the sequencing analysis results of 46 samples, it showed that new mutation at g.1626G>T was only detected in one individual sample. Polymorphism of bLHR/HhaI gene in the present study was not significantly associated with S/C of Pasundan cows, since the genotype TT of the studied animal was found in the lowest of S/C value than other genotype.
...
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...>n locus had three alleles: 152 bp, 164 bp, and 166 bp. The three other loci, L2-(AC)n, L3-(TC)n, and L4-(TGA)n, all had two alleles. Alignment of our sequencing data with the Sus scrofa reference genome (Sscrofa11.1) revealed that the L1-(GT)n microsatellite, which features a GT repeat motif, was located in the retinoic acid induced 2 gene (RAI2) on chromosome ...
J.Y. Bai1,*, R.T.D. Wu2,*, Q. Zhang2, D. Bao2, L.M. Dao2 and X.H. Tian3
... the number of effective alleles of the four Bactrian camel varieties ranged from 2.7302 to 3.0524, and average theoretical heterozygosity and average polymorphic information content were 0.6283 and 0.5546, respectively. Observational heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content of Qinghai Bactrian camel were all higher than those of the other three varieties, being 0.8922, 0.6490 and 0.5813, respectively, so Qinghai Bactrian cam...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1,
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
...morphic with a mean of 6 alleles per locus, ranged from 2 to 10 alleles. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.62. The observed (HO) and expected average heterozygosity (HE) value was 0.56 and 0.67 tested in 39 individual samples. For parentage testing, the allele frequency date-based indicated that the combined exclusion probability values were over 99.99% when 9 SSRs w...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2, Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3, Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
...ms were combined in four alleles and six genotypes. Investigating the polymorphisms at codon 136, 154 and 171, the only genotype ARQ/ARQ was detected in Punjab urial. The PRNP gene sequences in Punjab urial showed low variability and is resemble to previous findings for wild animals. Prevalence-estimate, transmissibility, distribution, and host-range of prion disease in wild-animals remain undetermined.
... 
Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn1, Doungnapa Promket1*, Kamonnate Pimrueng1, Jennarong Kammongkun2
...e frequencies of T and C alleles of DRD2 were 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. Regarding VIP, the frequencies of II, ID and DD genotypes were 0.59, 0.28, and 0.13, respectively. The frequencies of I and D alleles of VIP were 0.73 and 0.27, respectively. The association of DRD2 polymorphism were detected on egg number at 360 days (EN360) and egg per month (EM) (P<0.05). The chickens carrying the CC ...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz R. Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2*
...alving. The frequency of alleles of the analysed loci was: T =0.2887 and G =0.7913 (IVS4-39G>T), A =0.1087 and G =0.8913 (IVS5+438G>A) and A = 0.2913 and G =0.7087 (c.1178G>A). For each of the studied polymorphic sites, homozygotes (-,-) were found least frequently. The results showed relationship between polymorphism in loci IVS5+438G> A a...
Mary A. Sargious1, Hanaa A. Ahmed1, Ragab M. El-Shawarby2, Hatem H. Bakery2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, E. Gus Cothran4 and Ayman Samir Farid5*
...e loci showed 13 private alleles with the Seglawi recorded six and the Abeyan recorded no private alleles. The highest Nei genetic distance and pairwise FST values were recorded between Abeyan and Hamdani while the lowest were recorded between Kehilan and Seglawi. The cluster pattern of the individual phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE plots of the five basic horse strains indicate that there was no sharp demarcation between th...
I Nyoman Sulabda1*, I Nengah Wandia2, I Ketut Puja3
...le genetic resource. The alleles identified from the present study should be further confirmed by sequencing.
Keywords | Taro white cattle, Microsatellite, BoLA, Allel, Heterozygosity
...
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5
...hly valuable resource of alleles that can be deployed for genetic improvement of a species. Screening of available genetic stock for detection of most diverse and high yielding genotypes is a pre requisite for a successful crop breeding program. For this purpose, a research experiment comprising of sixty-eight elite chickpea germplasm genotypes along with two commercial varieties were sown under tri-replicate randomized complete block design during the winter ...
Lifang Zhang, Xiuyue Zhang and Bisong Yue*
...howed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 16 to 32, with an average value 24.5. The observed heterozygosity value (HObs) varied from 0.481 to 0.906 and the mean HObs was 0.698; the expected heterozygosity value (HExp) varied from 0.625 to 0.928 and the mean HExp was 0.840. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.602 and 0.923. The analysis of Genepop and Popgene showed that a relatively high level of genetic diversity was reveal...
Shahid Sherzada1,2*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar2
...sion with excess of rare alleles. The overall results showed a lack of neutral evolution and low genetic differentiation among populations of C. mrigala....
Tiara Widyaputri*, Aldryan Cristianto Pratama, Dian Vidiastuti, Yudit Oktanella
...presence of BLAD carrier alleles and determine whether the polymorphism that appears in the CD18 gene by the PCR-RFLP method is related to the BLAD carrier allele in Friesian Holstein crossbreed dairy cows. A total of 60 samples of cow’s whole blood were collected and extracted and DNA isolated. DNA amplification was carried out using primer Forward (BLAD_F) 5’-TCAACGTGACCTTCCGGAGG-3’ and Reverse (BLAD_R) 5’-CCCAGATTCTTGACGTTGAC-3&rsquo...
Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*
... and effective number of alleles (1.345). The T>C SNP showed non-significant association with body weight traits. Body weights at birth, 3 months and 12 months in Damascus goat were significant and higher than those in Zaraibi. Kids born single were heavier than twins and triplets at birth age. The highest milk yield was recorded for Zaraibi does with three kids and at the first month of lactation stage. Moreover, the T>C SNP in the Zaraibi α-lacta...
Noora Hassan Hezam Al-Aqmer1*, Zain Aamir2, Muhammad Farooq Hanif3, Soumble Zulfiqar4, Sibgha Zulfiqar1, Mateen Izhar5 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4*
...quo; and “a” alleles in responders and 70 (53%) and 62 (47%) in non-responders. ApaI genotype ‘’aa’’ was found to be a significant predictor of treatment failure (p-value= .024, OR= 3.589, 95% CI= 1.181-10.911). There was no significant association between ApaI VDR genotypes and cirrhosis and ApaI VDR genotypes and gender (p-values ˂ .05). To conclude ApaI genotype aa could be used as a marker to predict treatment failure i...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...on, a total number of 97 alleles were recognized having 1 to 5 polymorphic forms (OARFCB193, OARJMP29, MAF33) to 4 (OARHH47, DYMS1, SRCRSP5). For total loci, number of alleles averaged 2.1162±0.3769. Shannon’s Information index (I) 0.6184±0.2447 and the effective number of alleles (Ne) averaged 1.6251±0.4604. Average observed, expected and average heterozygositie...
Tri Eko Susilorini1*, Ahmad Furqon2, Wike Andre Septian1, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3
...(CC, CT, and TT) and two alleles (C and T) were found. The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 0.450, 0.500, and 0.050 respectively, while the frequencies of C and T allele were 0.702 and 0.298, respectively. The different genotypes didn’t significantly affect milk production and compositions. Descriptively, Senduro goat with TT genotype had the highest milk production and compositions. In conclusion, the polymorphism of CSN3|Alw44I was polymorp...
Safriyanto Dako1, Nibras Karnain Laya1, Syukri I Gubali1, Ari Ardiantoro2, V.M Ani Nurgiartiningsih3, Gatot Ciptadi3, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3*
...8 primers. A total of 74 alleles were identified across entire populations. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.407±0.216 (Bali) to 0.716±0.050 (Gorontalo), and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.471±0.084 (Bonebolango) to 0.778±0.222 (PO). F statistical analysis includes FIS 0.038, FIT 0.248, and FST 0.231. The three microsatellite markers were moderate (0.25-0.5) to highly informative (PIC>0.5). The research showed...
Jameel Ahmed1,2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Nadeem Rashid1, Asim Faraz3*,
Majed Rafeeq1, Irfan Shehzad Sheikh1, Mudassar Jahan1,2, Abdul Fatih1,2,
Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Ifrah Jameel1, Muhammad Ali1 and Saira Iftikhar4
...erage observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne) and Shannon’s Information Index were 2.07 ± 0.79, 1.86 ± 0.69 and 0.54 ± 0.29, respectively. Heterozygosity was described by the average, observed and expected heterozygosities whose values were found to be 0.56 ± 0.27, 0.44 ± 0.27 and 0.43 ± 0.26, respectively. Slightly higher magnitude of observed heteroz...
Doungnapa Promket1,2,4*, Khanitta Pengmeesri2,4, Jennarong Kammongkun3, Thassawan Somchan2
.... Results suggested that alleles of NPY, DRD2 and VIP genes showed potential as genetic markers for chicken egg production traits in Thai native chicken population selection programs.
Keywords | Candidate gene, Thai native chickens, Egg production, Selection, Animal breeding
... 
