Weili Kong1, Guangpeng Ma2 and Jinhua Liu1*
...l role in moderating the virulence of influenza virus by multiple mechanisms. Due to C-terminal ‘tail’ (CTT) truncation of NS1, there are length variation types of NS1 in different subtype influenza viruses. CTT functions in several ways to defeat the cellular innate immune responses. Here, we discuss those different effects of CTT truncation or elongation of NS1 protein in different genetic backgrounds of influenza experimentations. Conclusively, ...
Rashid Pervez, Santhosh J. Eapen, S. Devasahayam and M. Dinsha
Characterization of entomopathogenic nematode, Stein-ernema carpocapsae from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizosphere in India
...s isolate displayed high virulence on above insect species. This study reported occurrence of a isolate of S. carpocapsae from ginger rhizosphere from India. This indigenous isolate could be investigated further for managing insect pests of ginger....
M. S. Joshi , D.M. Sawant and A.P. Gaikwad
Isolate variations in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting pomegranate
...assessed on the basis of virulence of the isolates and reaction of a particular variety was expressed in Disease Reaction Index (DRI). There was considerable variation in virulence and suscep-tibility within isolates and varieties. Isolate Cg 86 was found to be virulent (DRI 7.2), Cg 81 as less virulent (DRI 2.87), and other isolates were moderately virulent irrespective of varieties. Fruit varieties Aarakta and Bhagwa were ...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...) on bacterial survival, virulence, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and apoptosis induction, as assessed in appropriate in vitro (cell culture) and animal models. Results showed the omp10 mutant was dramatically attenuated for survival in macrophages and mice than the parent strain 2308. With decrease in the spleen/body weight ratios of mice infected with omp10 mutants were noted, inhibition of phagosome-Lysosome fusion was dramaticly impaired,...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
...to detect representative virulence factors or genes, including E.coli adherence factor (K88, CS31A, afaE-8), toxins (estA, estB, Stxl, Stx2, EAST1), pathogenicity island (eaeA, irp2, ETT2) and outer membrane protein (ompA). Moreover O-antigen serotype was tested by slide agglutination test and a mouse model was built to assess the lethality of the E.coli isolates through subcutaneous-infection. Out of 81 E.co...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto2
...ecies utilize enzymes as virulence factors to cause diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of the bacterial strain Shigella dysenteriae IM using API-ZYM test system. Out of nineteen different enzymes, S. dysenteriae IM strain was capable to poroduce nine enzymes, i.e., alkaline-phosphatase, acidic-phosphatase, lipase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, napthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, β-galact...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
...microbial resistance and virulence genes associated with them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The results showed that 100% of isolates were resistant to penicillin, 54% to ampicillin, 44% to tetracycline and 30% to streptomycin, while none of them was resistant to chloramphenicol. These E. coli isolates carried one or mo...
Fatma Abdallah1*, Ola Hassnain2, Elsayed Attar3, Haytham Ali3,5, Mohamed Megahed1 and Venugopal Nair4
... associated with the MDV virulence and a unique distortion in the Proline repeats (Proline-to-Alanine) at position 176 in the Egyptian MDV strains. The Phylogenetic analysis grouped the eight analysed sequences with the previously investigated Meq from Egypt (2011-2013) together with the very virulent European and Chinese MDV isolates. The latter confirmed the geographical structuring of the Egyptian MDV strains together with the Eurasian origin viruses in an ...
G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar
...cts. Unique and specific virulence genes located at termini of ORFV genome with their encoded products are attributed to host immune evasion, short-term immunity both in natural infection post-vaccination in target species and repeated host susceptibility. However, these genes are variable among ORFV isolates/strains as they are not located in central part of genome and some of them are either virus specific namely Viral interferon resistant (VIR) and GM-CSF/I...
Ayesha Aihetasham, Saira Shariq and Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...derstanding of bacterial virulence and immune evasion mechanisms provide novel opportunities to adopt preventive measures and design therapeutics against most prevailing resistant and virulent strains. With this background, this study was designed to characterize Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen,using conventional microbiological and molecular methods. The agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility.
Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
... infect chickens and its virulence enhanced upon passaging in chickens causing clinical signs and deaths. In the present study brain samples were collected from twelve pigeon flocks exhibiting signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected samples were positive for NDV and negative for avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon par...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,2,*, Zou Geng1, Cheng Yu-ting1, Asad Sultan3, Mumtaz Ali4,5, Irshad Ahmad6 and Rui Zhou1
...ogenic isolates based on virulence gene contents that may pose a potential threat to public health....
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...trypsin target bacterial virulence in Desulfovibrio spp. that causes bacteremia, periodontitis and abdominal infections. Ten soil samples were collected and screened by morphological and biochemical study. Only one strain DUV1 was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as D. vulgaris (accession number: KY698020). It showed significantly reduced biofilm formation (52%; p<0.05) by test tube method compared to liquid interface coverslip assay (35%...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...eco-friendly nature. The virulence potential of 3 different isolates of Lecanicillium lecanii formerly recognized as Verticillium lecanii (V-2, V-3 and V-5) with different bioassay materials (conidia, filtrate and the binary combination of conidia + filtrate) were evaluated against green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) under control condition. Conidial bioassay of fungal isolates were evaluated with three different concentrations (1×10<...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
Abdul Samad1, Raheela Asmat2, Muhammad Naeem1, Hamida Ali3, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Ferhat Abbas1, Jannat Raza1,3 and Muhammad Tauseef Asmat1*
...nd genes associated with virulence. Only 10 (1.25%) samples were found contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Milk samples were the most contaminated as 4 samples collected from retail shops or dairy farm were found positive for Listeria. While 2 samples of each beef, chicken meat and salad were contaminated with Listeria. The virulent genes inlA, inlB, prfA, hlyA, actA, plcA and iap <...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...th high UV tolerance and virulence is important in improving the efficacy and utility of fungal insect pathogens as insect biological control agents for use under field conditions. UV-irradiation of Metarhizium lepidiotae, coupled to growth selection, second metabolites change and insect bioassays using Plutella xylostella larvae as the host resulted in the isolation of a collection of mutants with increased virulence
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
...arch was to evaluate the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae on the eggs and larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, as well as the LC50 on R. sanguineus larvae, were determined and the germination (at 18 and 24 h post-inoculation) and radial growth (after 14 days) of four strains of M. anisopliae. We evaluated the pathogenicity on the eggs and larvae of all tested strains of R. sanguineus at day 3 and 7. The LC50...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...nt to alleviate pathogen virulence in fish. The emerging multi-drug resistance and related side effects of conventional therapies have caused researchers to explore alternate strategies, such as probiotics employment for disease control in aquaculture.
... 
Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8
...enome editing, bacterial virulence and antibiotics resistance. CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic (Bacteria and Archaea) immune system that provides protection against viral infection. When bacteria recognize viral DNA inside it, bacteria incorporate small fragment of viral DNA into its genome at specific site termed as CRISPR locus. Insertion of viral DNA at CRISPR locus allows to remember, diagnose and clear the viral infection by the mecha...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...dy was to study the hypervirulence of SNPs in the Gag-Pol proteins by molecular modeling approaches. Mutational analysis in our study revealed S61A, S61M, S61Y, S61G, S61Q and M90L as the most hypervirulent mutations. This induces a selection pressure and a rate of increased virulency on Gag-Pol cleavage sites. These results significantly highlight the fact that the identified SNPs possibly contribute towards a positive selection pressure contributing to the i...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...nes among the identified virulence factors. While capsular associated protein (CAP59) gene identified alone or associated with LAC1 gene in the other 2 C. gattii isolates. This study underlines a potential association of those fungi with human disease in Egypt. In order to strengthen existing therapeutic and control approaches, further analyses of the main risk factors and the other virulence of these pa...
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
...etermined based on their virulence. Highly virulent phages designated as group V showed clear plaques and were able to infect many of Rhizobium species and strains. The other group of phages was less virulent and showed turbid plaques implied as group L. This was also determined by one-step growth experiment. It was found that rhizobiophage (V) group had the attachment and latent period after 30 min and burst size of 28. On the other hand, rhizobiophages (L) g...
Youssef A. Elgharbawy1, Mervat M. Ali1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed A. Shalaby2
... disease's return to its virulence and the post vaccinal reaction of the vaccine so we prepare inactivated LSD virus(LSDV) vaccine to immunize the cattle with safe vaccine .Ismailia isolate of LSD was propagated and titrated on Madin Darby Bovine Kidney Cells (MDBK) till reach the highest titer (10 5.5 TCID50/ml). The inactivation process was performed using Bromoethylamine hydro bromide (BEI) that did not affect the immunogenic characterization of the LSDV an...
Adel M. Abdelrahman1, Sahar R. Mohamed1, Soliman M. Soliman2, Sherif Marouf3*
...est (DDST). Detection of virulence genes using pslA, toxA and exoU genes revealed that 29.4%, 23.5% and 17.6% respectively. Molecular detection of ESBLs encoding genes in P. aeruginosa recorded that blaTEM genes blaSHV and blaCTXM genes were detected in percentages of 64.7%, 47.0 % and 29.4%, respectively. Finally, ESBL P. aeruginosa showing multidrug antimicrobial resistance that detected by mexR gene.
Keywords | Camels, P. aeruginosa, ESBL, Antibioti...
Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2*
...screening of some common virulence genes and revealed the presence of pfhA, hgbB, tbpA, toxA, sodA, ptfA, sodC, nanB, and oma87 with percentages of 30%, 60%, 10%, 100%, 70%, 90%, 90%, 90%, and 100% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of the recovered isolates revealed that they were all multidrug-resistant (MDR) with a predominance of resistance to erythromycin and oxytetracycline. In conclusion, these findings evidenced that clinically diseased rab...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...s closely related to its virulence factors, which are strictly regulated in vivo, and the quorum sensing system is involved in this process. To study the effect of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) on the biological characteristics of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), gene lasI of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is responsible for the synthesis of long side-chain AHL (3OC12-HSL), and gene yenI of Yers...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1* and Faisal Amin2
...indirectly enhancing the virulence of virus. These findings demonstrated that new mutations are emerging in B2 sub-lineage and there is need for constant surveillance of evolving genome of H9N2 virus prevailing in the country to combat the future challenges of avian influenza out breaks in Pakistan....
Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2
Ghassan Zahid1, Sania Begum2, Sikandar Almani3, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Rajesh Kumar Soothar4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro4*
...ext-align: justify;">The virulence of rust diseases in wheat crop like leaf, stripe and stem-rust declines the grain quality and productivity. Cultivars having a durable rust resistance is an effective method to control the spread of rust disease in cereal crops particularly in wheat. The experiment was conducted on fifty-two wheat lines comprised of forty-five double haploids of wheat along with seven wheat genotypes. Besides that, three positive checks and t...
Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis
... explore the prevalence, virulence-related genes (edw1, cds1, qseC and pvsA), and antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. tarda in Nile tilapia collected from Egyptian fish farms. Between December 2019 and March 2020, 250 Nile tilapia were collected from five fish farms located at Dakahlia governorate. Organ tissue samples from liver, kidneys, gills, skin and spleen were examined bacteriologically for the presence of E. tarda; and confirmed by PCR targeting gy...
Mona M. Osman1, Kamelia M. Osman2, Manal Abu Elmakarem Mohamed1, Mahmoud E. Hashad2, Jeeser Alves Almeida3, Alaa Saad4, Octavio Luiz Franco5,6, Heba N. Deif 2*
...he role of two potential virulence determinants viz H2S production and catalase activity, for their possible roles in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity of M. ovipneumoniae. The recovered sheep isolates of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae were examined bacteriologically and by PCR using Mycoplasma species-specific primers. MIC testing of the axenic isolates showed that 19 of them were 100% susceptible to tulathromycin, streptomycin...
Jiang Wu*
...value were measured. The virulence gene expression of the four foodborne pathogens was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A microplate reader was used to monitor cell growth at 600 nm with 1 h interval. Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used to analyze morphological changes of E. coli and Staph. aureus cells. ATP analysis kit and EnSpire microplate reader were used to detect the intracellular ATP concentration of 4 foodborne ...
Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...teristics related to the virulence factor of F18 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In this study, based on the construct of the wild type F18 STEC (F18), hcp1 deletion mutant (F18ab△hcp1) and complement strain (F18ab△hcp1/phcp1), their pathogenic differences were compared, and the function of hcp1 was discussed from the aspects of growth curve, biofilm formation, adherence, invasion, cytotoxicity, and so on. The results showed that hcp1 of the...
Sania Subhan Qureshi*,1, Baitullah Khan1, Shahid Khan1, Hanif Ur Rahman1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2
...D virus having different virulence. To compare the virulence of various FMD serotypes the study was designed to propagate the virus on BHK-21 cell line. The results revealed that serotype ‘A’ virus virulence is more as compared to serotype ‘O’ and ‘Asia-1’. Although less virulence difference was found between serotype ...
Mohammad Belal Shaker1, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb2,3*, Marwa Magdy Seliem4, Wageh Sobhy Darwish3, Bassam Abdulla Alhawas2, Ahmed E. Tharwat3
...udi Arabia. Detection of virulence associated genes in the recovered A. hydrophila isolates was additionally screened using PCR. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance profiling was examined among the recovered A. hydrophila isolates. The obtained results of the present study revealed overall isolation rates of Aeromonas spp. at 48.33%, and 21.66% in the examined crustacean samples collected from Egypt and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Crab samples had the highes...
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
...eterminant part of virus virulence. The sequenced isolate was grouped in class II genotype VII.1.1 with small distance from NDV strains in chickens and turkeys which is alarming for the potential transmission of NDVs from quails to other poultry species.
Keywords | Newcastle disease, Quails, RT-PCR, F gene, Pathological changes, Class II genotype VII.1.1
...
Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5
...e greater the number and virulence of the microorganisms responsible for the infection, the greater the severity of uterine inflammation and the longest postpartum period of pregnancy. Various types of bacteria are responsible for endometritis, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, and Klebsiella. Cefoperazone is the most sensitive antibiotic for the treatment of complicated cases of postpartum endometritis caused by mixed infections and high
Xinjun Zhang1,2, Pengyong Wang1,2, Huimin Ju1,2, Yanhong Wang1,2, Yang Yang1,2* and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
... III, focA, focG, sfaS), virulence-associated genes (sat, cdtI, cnf1, hlyD), iron uptake system encoding genes (iroN, iut, ireA) were investigated, and the ability of biofilm formation was examined. In addition, UPEC in invading T24 cells, cytotoxicity, immune response and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines were discussed. The results showed that fimH was 100% detected, followed by iut, iroN, and focA, with the detection rates of 71.4, 57.1 and 57.1% respe...
Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3*
...olates were positive for virulence-associated genes (nuc, icaA, and Hlg). In an experimental trial, a total of 75 healthy rabbits were divided equally into five groups (n =15/each group). The first group served as a negative control, the second group was injected intra-articulately with S. aureus, did not receive any treatment, and served as a positive control group, the third group received a subcutaneous injection of bee venom (BV), the fourth group was inj...
Ali Wahdan1*, Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Manal Munier2, Elsayyad M. Ahmed3, Marwa Abo Hashem1
...ifferent hosts and other virulence factors with genetic analysis of recovered isolates. A total of 350 random samples were collected from animals and hospital acquired infected patients. The recovered isolates were identified biochemically by vitek2 compact, confirmed by PCR and tested for sensitivity against varieties of antimicrobials. Three multi-drug resistant isolates carried ica from human abscess (A9), sputum of dog (A12), and cow mastitic milk (A13) ...
Hams M.A. Mohamed1*, Katreen K.G.2, M.W. Abd Al-Azeem1, Faysal A. Wasel2, Ahmed M. Abd-Eldayem3
...l resistance profile and virulence determinants, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presence of Listeria species in raw milk. In total, 150 samples of raw milk from vendors and nearby dairy farms in Sohag, Egypt, were collected. The samples underwent a bacteriological investigation. The results showed that 22 out of 150 samples had Listeria spp. contamination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the Listeria iap gene identified 13 of the 22 isolates...
Saba Rehman1, Faisal Salih Hayat1, Sadia Norin2, Abdul Aziz1, Siddiq Ur Rahman1* and Noor ul Haq1*
...ate and affect the viral virulence and clinical outcome. The spike protein and other non-structural protein mutations in VOCs may lead to escape the approved vaccinations. Here the VOC mutations i.e., OMICRON VARIANT have been discussed in detail, and the therapeutic strategies to enhance the host immune responses have been proposed. Additionally, a computational approach is proposed to design the drug and vaccine for the variant. The protein structure for the...
Chunlan Shan1, Chaoying Liu1, Qin Lu1, Guowen Fu2, Syed Aftab Hussain Shah3, Rana Waseem Akhtar4, Ru Zhao2, Libo Gao2, Chang Liu2, Shushu Miao2, Hongdan Wang2 and Hong Gao2*
...ransportation as well as virulence. As a virulent determinant for the E. coli, the role of HPI in Saba pig was explored to provide some perspective about disease association. This is the first study in which 44 E. coli superior serotype strains were isolated and identified from Yunnan Saba pigs. The genomic DNA of all isolated superior serotypes of E. coli was obtained. Five major high pathogenicity island (HPI) structural genes (irp1, irp2, irp3, irp4 and irp...
Monu Karki, Amit Kumar and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...s been its wide range of virulence factors, known to be responsible for deceiving the host’s defense strategies and causing re-infection within a year of infection. From viroceptors like chemokine binding protein to GM-CSF and IL-2 inhibiting factors, to virokine like Interleukin-10, shifting the cell cycle phase (Poxviral anaphase-promoting regulator complex) and enhancing nutrients and oxygen supply (vascular endothelial growth factor), ORFV possesses ...
Ahmed S.M.H. EL Roby
...higher pathogenicity and virulence in the laboratory than the
other strains and gave the highest corrected mortality percentage in the infestation (from 68.59% to 70.83%). The
LC50 were 25.42 and 45.5 IJs/ insect for the two strains, respectively.
...
A.E. Ismail† and A.M. Kheir*
...elopment and
virulence of Heterodera zeae. The results revealed that the nematode final population and rate of build-up
correlated negatively with the host age. The nematode multiplied highly on the youngest seedlings; and was more
virulent on the youngest than on the oldest plants.
...
Ghada A. Ibrahim1*, Mohamed Sayed Helal1, Nahed Abd Elhafeeze Kamoura2, Mohamed Samir3,4, Amira Mohamed Mazid5, Mohamed F.M. Farag6
...tance with high-level of virulence traits that make it is more difficult to be treated. This study provides insight into the respiratory infections by Klebsiella spp. and its MDR profile in bovine cases, as well as the potential target genes that were involved in the links between virulence determinants and MDR. The bacterial examination of 200 nasal swabs and 30 lung tissue samples (taken from 30 emergency slaughtered cattl...
SADAF SARFRAZ1*, SAFDAR AMEER1, REENA AMBREEN1, SHOMAILA SIKANDAR 2, SHAISTA NAWAZ3 AND YASIR SALEEM3
...tion, acid tolerance and virulence gene expression has gained a considerable attention. Keeping in view its beneficial aspects, the present study has been conducted to investigate the contents and compare the nutritional and antimicrobial activities of Cinnamon collected from various regions of Asia. In this study, antimicrobial activity of cinnamon was estimated using well diffusion method against various bacterial ...
Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*
...ition, detection of some virulence and antibiotics resistance genes. Two hundred buffaloes were examined and sixty mastitis milk samples were collected from clinical cases from the period from October 2021 until March 2022. The acute mastitis sings were assessed according to cardinal signs of inflammation and milk abnormalities. Out of two hundred buffaloes, sixty (30%) were diagnosed as clinical mastitis according to inflammatory signs and the culture results...
Omnia M. Khattab1, Morcos I. Yanni2, Hala K. Abdelmegeed2, Mahmoud Eliwa1, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1
...changes related to virus virulence or tropism. In this study Fifty-seven fecal samples were collected from suspected cases of cats. 19 fecal samples were positive using Rapid FLV Ag test kits kit (VDRG FLV/FIV Ab rapid kit). Fifty-seven blood samples of the same animals were subjected for hematological examination to investigate the severity of leukopenia. Thirteen out of nineteen samples were positive with a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) targeting VP2...
Balquees Kanwal1*, Syeda Saba Shah1, Syed Waqas Hassan2 and Farzana Shaheen3
...EC) produces a principal virulence factor shiga toxin (Stx), which can lead to diarrhea, haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and other lethal complications. Consumption of STEC contaminated food has been associated with food related illnesses outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of O157:H7 strain of STEC by detection of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes in 160 chicken meat samples, which are randomly collected from different regions ...
Yue-Xia Ding1, Qun Wu2, Zhao Namula1 and Yi Ma1,*
...is in dairy farming. The virulence factors produced by Streptococcus are related to the occurrence of inflammation. To investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits of bovine Streptococcal isolates. Induced resistance was conducted for Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC49619 and erythromycin-sensitive strains by gradually increasing the antimicrobial concentration. Plasmid conjugation test was c...
Asmaa A. Darwish*, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud, Mohamed T. Ragab, Amani A. Hafez
...melitensis field strains virulence and assess the immunological, hormonal, and iron profile alterations related to B. melitensis infection in sheep and goat with special reference to their value as biomarkers for the disease. Vaginal swabs were collected from 110 ewes and 150 does for bacteriological examination. Blood samples were collected for immunological, hormonal, and iron profile estimation. The total recovery of B. melitensis was 13.50% with nearly equ...
Ahmed El-Sayed Ismail
...he corn plant affect the virulence of the corn cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae such as corn genotype, corn age, corn nutritional status, and cropping sequence regime. For the first factor, when two local corn cultivars, namely, Giza 2 (susceptible) and Kahera 1 (resistant), were subjected to the infection by H. zeae to determine the biotic effect of the host susceptibility on development and reproduction of the nematode, the final population and rate of build-u...
Saddam Hussein Mahmoud* and Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein
...stitis, and evaluate the virulence of C. albicans that was isolated from Mastitic goats. To investigate the prevalence of mycotic mastitis, related to goats in Baghdad, 166 lactating goats were examined and 332 milk samples were collected from (January – July) 2022. 10 ml of milk were collected in sterile test tubes, an equal volume of milk and CMT reagent were gently shaken in a paddle and the reaction was noticed within (10-15) seconds. The clinical fo...
Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1
...itor the changes of rust virulence pattern in the region, a set of rust trap nurseries consisting of 21 stripe (Yr) and 36 leaf rust (Lr) lines were grown in the Research Area of Plant Pathology Research Institute during the same cropping seasons. A total of 11 Genotypes viz., Ass-11, V-13266, V-11C023, V-12266, V-08203, V-12001, V-13001, Gandam-II, V-13270, V-13273 and AARI-11 indicated resistant (R) response against stripe rust of wheat with a lower area und...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3
...in the light of residual virulence, induction of abortion, diagnostic interference, and human pathogenic potential. In this study, we have developed a Brucella abortus pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmid cassette for the construction of ΔpurD deleted mutant by deleting the purD gene which is responsible for de novo purine synthesis. For this, the pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmid cassette was initially constructed using pUC19, kanamycin, and purD upstream and downstream fragments...
Frah Razzaq Kbyeh1, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2*
...h antibiotics as an anti-virulence agent which will enhance the ability of the immune system to eradicate infection. In histopathological examination clear damage in kidney tissue specimens from positive group control (PC,DC) observed, with hyperplasia endothelial cell swelling, ulcer in the lining membrane, compared with(CIP,COM1and COM2). Altogether, we can conclude that the diclofenac has the required anti-boiflim effects to support ciprofloxacin effect a...
Hafiz Nawaz1*, Kashaf Nawaz2, Attiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Bashir3, Mussera Hira2 and Mariyam Nawaz4
...enome. The virus’s virulence and symptoms need both components. The sequencing of both components showed considerable variation between old-world and new-world viruses. Cultural practices, insecticides, and virus-resistant mungbean cultivars may help suppress the disease. MYMD-resistant NIAB mungbean lines include 1429, 3198, 3845, 3850, 3854, and 3881 (Schreinemachers et al., 2019). A recent study has revealed resistant varieties NM-5, NM-7, NM-68, NM-6...
Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2
...ary tract infection. The virulence components responsible for colonization and penetration also have a role in the pathogenicity of the resistant Escherichia coli 0157: H7 strain. Resistance Escherichia coli 0157 H7 for antibiotics decreases the cure rate. Repurposing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications against the contributing factors is a novel method to overcome this scarcity. The analgesic medication diclofenac was reported to have anti...
Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...In liquid culture, phage virulence activity was rapid and high at a high (100) multiplicity of infection with phage SEPL01 depicting the best activity among all. Compared to the solophage suspensions at high MOI, the phage cocktail comprising all three phages did not let the bacteria regrow until 24 h overcoming bacterial resistance. All the three bacteriophages demonstrated a broad host range within the genus Salmonella (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Gallinarum, ...
Nurhashunatil Mar’ah1, Safika Safika2*, Agustin Indrawati2
...ntibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dairy Farm isolates in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Twelve isolates obtained in the field were tested for phenotype resistance profile with four antibiotics of β-lactams using the Kirby-Bauer method. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect the resistance genes and virulence factors of K. pneumoniae. Samples isolated from water sources ...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...irected mutagenesis. For virulence attenuation comparison with the parent RB51 strain, the constructed mutant was evaluated for attenuation estimation and clearance in BALB/c mice. The B. abortus ΔpurD mutant exhibited significant attenuation of virulence and cleared from the mice spleen after 20th DPI when inoculated at the dose of 108 CFU per mice. In contrast to this, the parent RB51 strain induces splenomegaly and ...
Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6
...nderstanding populations virulence of Pst....
Mansoor Montazeri , Mojde Mojaradi , Hamid Rahimian-Mashhadi
G. A. Bajwa, R. Kehr and G. Zimmermann
...ed in the laboratory for virulence on
Pityogenes chalcographus. 20 adults of P. chalcographus
contaminated with conidia by releasing on agar plates
for two minutes were reared on bark of Picea abies (4 x
4 cm). B. bassiana, M. anisopliae (Ma 3, Ma 6, Ma 43)
and P. fumosoroseus caused 100 percent mortality within
10 days, while in control and P. cicadae that was 20 and
30 percent, respectively. Conidial suspensio...
Helal F. Al-Harthi1*, Essam H. Eldrehmy1,2, Afaf Eladl3, Marwa I Abd El-Hamid2*
...ypt and to determine the virulence genes profiles of MDR biofilm-producing MRSA isolates. A total of 150 samples were obtained from bovine meat (n= 30) and meat products (n= 120) samples in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Conventional identification techniques detected 50 (33.3%) staphylococcal isolates (32.8%); 28 (18.7%) were classified as S. aureus and 22 (14.7%) were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). All the examined S. aureus isolates wer...
Walid Elmonir1*, Dalia Abdeltawab1, Hanem El-Sharkawy2 and Rasha N. Zahran3
...the serotypes diversity, virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits of non-typhoidal Salmonella in commercial and backyard egg production systems in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. A total of 610 samples (200 egg shells, 200 egg contents, and 210 environmental samples) were collected from 10 commercial layers farms and 170 samples (50 egg shells, 50 egg contents, and 70 environmental samples) were collected from 10 backyard layers flocks. The overall preva...
Maysoon S. Abbas, Shaimaa N. Yassein
...00 samples (5.75%). Four virulence factors were studied for nine isolates of V. cholerae. Phospholipase activity showed a positive result in 6 out of 9 isolates (66.66%), proteinase activity in 7 out of 9 isolates (77.77%), while hemolytic activity and biofilm formation were positive in all V. cholerae isolates, with a 100% rate. For the first time in Iraq, isolation of Vibrio spp. has been reported in birds and owners. This study concludes that the high perce...
Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj1, Jihan M. Badr2 and Dalia M.A. El-Masry3*
...ria and their effects on virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration (of both was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) micro dilution to assess antibacterial activity. Bay leaf (laurusnobilis) extracts and nano-emulsion had antibacterial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, according to MIC values. The nano emulsion showed stronger antibacterial activity against S. aureus a...
Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*
...arried the pirA and pirB virulence genes. These bacteria showed β-hemolysis with translucent rings, and six serotypes were identified. The regression infection results showed that the lethal rates of the three V. parahaemolyticus strains of serotypes O1:KUT and OUT:KUT to L. vannamei were significantly higher than those of the other serotypes. The three V. parahaemolyticus strains had the same growth characteristics, and they all entered the growth platea...
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...stigated the occurrence, virulence gene detection, antibiotic resistance profile, and the antibacterial influence of lemon juice and pomegranate peel extract on V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Samples were 150 fish (30 of each Nile tilapia, Nile perch, sardine, Mugil cephalus, and Sea bass) from fish supermarkets. Sardine samples had the highest Vibrio count (4.77±1.22 log10 CFU/g), followed by and Sea bass (4.62&plu...
Enany M.E.1, Fadel Hanaa M.2, Abo-Shama U.H.3, Ahmed Mona M.1, Kholief M.E.A.4*
...humans pathogen, possess virulence genes such as vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (vacA), cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and, (hrgA) which have not widely recognized function. The aim of the current study to determine the efficacy of antibiotic therapies of human diseased animal model as felines and sheep infected with virulent H. pylori in seasons. A total of twelve H. pylori isolates cultivated from samples of stomachs and stool of felines, gastric and milk ...
Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1
...s well as assessed their virulence determinants which implemented in pathogenesis and severity of infection via phenotypic and molecular methods. Besides that, the study determined their multidrug resistance patterns, particularly the existence of the gene responsible for carbapenem resistance. A cross-sectional study performed on one hundred and ninety two urine samples owned to urinary infected humans, dogs and cats were obtained from Egyptian laboratories i...
Eman Mamdouh Qenawy1, Mohamed Abou-Ellail1, Fatma Abdel-Motaal2, Mohammed O. Alshaharni3, Nady Khairy Elbarbary4*
...d positive lasB and exoS virulence genes. Meanwhile, E. coli isolates showed hylA, stx1, and stx2 virulence genes in 50%, 80%, and 20% of them. Furthermore, this investigation’s PCR technique detected fraudulence in chicken, camel, pig, and equine meat in 100% of the beef samples, with rates of 63.9%, 19.4%, 8.3%, and 13.9%, respectively. This research suggests that quality control labs and inspection services can swif...
Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3
... metabolic activity, and virulence. Therefore, this study examined the effect of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide as common chemical sanitizers on inducing E. coli O157 into a VBNC state. The results showed that after 30 minutes of treatment with 200, 100, or 50 ppm chlorine, the numbers of culturable E. coli significance P<0.05 dropped (100%) from 6.93±0.04 log10 CFU/mL to less than 1 CFU/mL (0.0%). However, after 48 hours of resuscitation using sodiu...
Baraa Qasim Mohammed1, Asmaa Hamoody Abdullah1, Ahmed Raheem Rayshan2*
... carried out to identify virulence factors activity and to diagnose Pseudomonas aeruginosa from otitis infection of dog and its susceptibility to essential antibiotics. For this purpose, a total of twelve ear swabs were taken from affected canines. The isolates were initially identified based on their morphological characteristics, such as size, color, and shape, as well as by Gram’s staining, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 system confirmation. Pseudomona...
Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Ahmed Eid1, Marwa E. Abo Hashem1*
...serotyping, antibiogram, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes identification by PCR and sequence analysis. In total, 300 samples were gathered (100 chicken liver, 150 chicken feces, 50 human stool). Bacteriological examination, serotyping, antibiogram, virulence (invA, stn) and antibiotic resistance genes (ermB, aadB) PCR screening for detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistan...
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
...ntibiotic resistance and virulence genes of V. alginolyticus isolates from Asian seabass in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 180 Asian seabass was dissected and a loopful of kidney and liver samples were inoculated on thiosulphate-citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagarTM Vibrio. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates and detect the twelve virulence ge...
Salma Ali Munshed*, Fadwa Abdul Razaq Jameel
... enzymes is considered a virulence factor in this species. The question of whether Aspergillus species can actually create biofilms has gained attention in recent times. Our work aimed to isolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus from dogs with study and evaluate some of virulence factors of this fungus like proteinase, hemolytic activity and biofilm formation in Laboratory. Fifty clinical isolates of respiratory in...
Lubna M. Abdul Kareem*, Ali B. Al-Deewan
...eta-lactam resistant and virulence genes was examined. 90.90% of isolates carried the blaTEM gene. A total of 18.18% carried the blaSHV gene and 27.27% carried the blaCTX-M1 while the bsmB gene was detected in all isolates. These findings indicate the significance of Serratia marcescens in both animal health and public health.
Keywords | Milk, Serratia, Resistant, Beta-lactam, Protease, Lipase
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