El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
...ultaneously retained its specificity for avian-receptors. Vaccines were applied nationwide to control the disease in poultry. Meanwhile, the viruses accumulated several point mutations in the HA immunogenic epitopes resulting in antigenic drift and the establishment of infections in vaccinated poultry. The Egyptian H5N1 viruses remain susceptible to oseltamivir, but genetic markers indicating resistance to amantadine have increased dramatically. In this mini-r...
Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*
...s with high affinity and specificity. The ease in synthesis and modification makes them an attractive candidate for a variety of applications. Since the last decade, aptamers have been regarded as an emerging player in biology. They have found applications not only in biosensors, but also in other areas such as diagnostics, biomarker discovery, drug delivery, bio-imaging and molecular therapy. In this review we have summarized recent advancements and applicati...
Maureen McKeague1, Maria C. DeRosa2*
...of aptamers with optimal specificity and high affinity remains a challenge, leading to the recent emergence of elegant new approaches and tools for SELEX. In this commentary, we discuss recent advancements in the selection of aptamers....
Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*
...of their sensitivity and specificity. These methods were performed by using set of sera collected from cattle with foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. The pattern of antibody titers in animals of different age groups was observed as less than 1 year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years for both ELISA and SNT. The peak immune response measured by SNT was 2.8log10 whereas ELISA detected serum antibody titer up to 2.4 log10. ...
Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey
...eir high selectivity and specificity and their ability to form 3D conformations. CELL SELEX is a modification of SELEX where instead of using purified ligand molecules, whole live cells are used as targets, so the aptamers being generated could bind target molecules on live cells in their native conformation and it is possible to know the molecular profile of the cellular surface. Whole CELL SELEX is very useful in the field of diagnostics and targeted therapy...
John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils
...s, thus attesting to the specificity of these aptamers. In general, the use of aptamers in Western blot formats is advantageous for validation of aptamer binding and specificity based on molecular weight matching of detected electrophoretic bands across a spectrum of related and unrelated bacteria....
Tarun Kumar Sharma, John G. Bruno and William C. Cho
...to the high affinity and specificity in recent years aptamers, have emerged as competitive tools with the potential to replace antibodies in many diagnostic formats. The aptamer industry is continuously growing to create space in research and diagnostics markets. However, translation of aptamer in several applied disciplines is still lagging behind as compared to antibodies. In this article, we discuss the translational aspects of aptamers, current potential o...
Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand
...t the advantages of high specificity, selectivity, stability, facile labelling and modification, which makes them ideal candidates for development of new biosensing applications for detection of specific target molecules. In the present review, we concentrate on the recent advances in the development of aptasensors for antibiotics residue analysis based on electrochemical signal generation. Aptamers possesses the strong potential as receptors for the developme...
Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
...%, while sensitivity and specificity of this assay for small ruminants was 97.83% (95% CI: 92.35% to 99.67%) and 93.75% (95% CI: 87.54% to 97.44%) respectively. In field this test indicated significant (p<0.05) values for sheep as compared to goat indicating high risk of infection in sheep. The current study showed that commercial bovine F. hepatica ELISA test is effective in Pakistan for small ruminants.
...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...at which sensitivity and specificity were was 56.9% (95%CI 44.1-68.8%) and 80.5 % (95%CI 65.6-89.9%) at P<0.0001. It was concluded that low serum cobalamin levels may be a risk factor and may predict the development of GDM.
...
H.I. Hosein1, Sherin Reda Rouby1*, Ahmed Menshawy1 and Ahmed E. AbdAl-Ghany2
...n of the sensitivity and specificity of some diagnostic procedures used for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis on serological, bacteriological and molecular basis. A total of 141 cows from brucella infected farms under quarantine of the veterinary authorities were employed. Serological examination using BPAT, RBT and CFT in 141 cows revealed 109 (77. 3), 105 (74.47) and 104 (73.76) seropositive respectively. Relative sensitivity, relative
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...ry in their sensitivity, specificity, reliability and reproducibility. Although these assays are detecting PPRV with precision but there is need to develop some cost effective diagnostic assays which would be applicable in the field conditions and in the developing countries like Pakistan.
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Sana Zahra
...diversity and mutational specificity of a population. This study reports p.Y556C mutation as a recurring mutation in Punjabi population of Pakistan. A detailed genetic evaluation of four unrelated but ethnically similar families from Punjab province was performed.Linkage to SLC26A4 locus was confirmed through linkage analysis using Short Tandem Repeat Markers (D7S2420, D7S2459 and D7S2456). p.Y556C was identified as causative mutation by Sanger Sequenci...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,*
...y was aimed to determine specificity of salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on growth plate width, liver oxidative stress and toxicity in avian TD. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks were equally distributed into three groups: Control, Thiram (50 mg/kg/d) and SM (10 mg/kg/d) treated. Results showed that thiram caused lameness, decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities i...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...n;14.99. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was observed as 92.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Association of rifampicin resistant by MTB/RIF assay and isoniazid resistance was found to be 88.1% and an agreement rate of rifampicin resistance by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay with isoniazid resistance was 81.25%. A total of 56 (44.8%) cases were found to be multidrug resistant patients and an agreement rate of 92.9% (52/56) was demonstrated in multidrug resistant pa...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
...pability to develop host specificity. In present study the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) were examined for their population and rate of infestation on Common quail Coturnix coturnix (Aves: Galliformes: Phasianidae) from Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts, Sindh, Pakistan. The study was conducted during 2013-2014. Twenty-six Common Quails were observed in four localities including two urban and two rural areas of Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts. Th...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
...vations. Sensitivity and specificity rates were determined in the tests as 22.2% vs 44.4% and 57.1% vs 77.8%, respectively, on the 40th day when embryonic mortality was detected. In the cows determined to be pregnant on the 30th day, the test results obtained on the day when EM was determined by the TRUS method on the 40th day and the diagnosis of EM were not individually reliable in every animal. However, it is thought that in...
Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...eir high sensitivity and specificity. We have identified panel of four miRNAs which can act as circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer in the population of Pakistan. Especially, mir-376c, mir-155 and mir-17a may act as early stage biomarkers in TNBC and mir-10b is found to be late stage biomarker which can also act as prognostic biomarker in TNBC....
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...alacturonase showing its specificity in the hydrolysis of polysaccharide galacturonate chain. The presence of Na+1 and K+1 enhanced polygalacturonase activity up to 110% and 130%, respectively when used at a concentration of 1mM, however, the enzyme was almost completely inhibited by Pb+2 and Hg+2. Purified polygalacturonase showed pectinolytic effect in juice clarification by attaining maximum clarity (95% transmitt...
Ghalia Nawal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Saira Ashfaq3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1
...ry prominent stance. The specificity of lipases is far-fetched for their point selection and kinds of reactions they undergo on their discernible substrates. Most suitable production plan involves Sub-merged liquid fermentation in fed batch manner using agricultural wastes. Bacterial lipases are preferred due to their extra cellularity, easy step down approach and practicability of increased productions via technological modifications. They have wide- ran...
Doulat Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Saleem Khan2 and Rifat Ullah Khan1*
...the average sensitivity, specificity, false pregnancy prognostic value, false non-pregnancy prognostic value and accuracy of the PAG-ELISA test were 86.77%, 66.67%, 86.77%, 100% and 90%, respectively. Similarly, the current study indicated that in buffalo, average sensitivity, specificity, false pregnancy prognostic value, false non-pregnancy prognostic value and accuracy of the PAG-ELISA test were 62.22%, 74.6%, 62.22%, 88....
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...rove the sensitivity and specificity of predicting postoperative recurrence (especially breast cancer and PEOC).
...
Ke Zhang1, Shuai Liu2, Qiu Chen1, Yu Wang1, Li Liu1, Bingjie Li1, Kai Ma1, Xiaoya Wei1, Aijun Li3 and Junyan Li2*
...orts have described dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP-3) in parasites as an antigen. We successfully screened four potential antigens and found that DUSP-3 is a potential novel antigen for ticks.
... 
Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*
Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
...rapid and sensitive, but specificity is influenced by antibody production methods. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe various antibody production methods, which might be used in developing DFA assay to diagnose H9N2 infection in humans or chickens, and we discussed avian influenza H9N2 virus, immunogens, various H9N2 antibody production, and principle of DFA assay.
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Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*
...cal sensors with partial specificity and an appropriate pattern-recognition system, capable of recognizing simple or complex odors. In the food industry, electronic nose is popularly used to detect smells and flavors of a wide range of food items. Latest steps are required for postharvest management through which the economy of horticultural products around the globe is almost at minimal losses. This review is highlighting the basic but truly important posthar...
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
...vity was 80.5% while the specificity was
40%.
... 
