Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
... In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three lytic phages SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that two strains were S. aureus, while all others were different coagul...
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...cation using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host plant sources. Nucleotide sequence data offers identification of viral molecule to strain/species level for accurate diagnosis....
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...ted for survival in macrophages and mice than the parent strain 2308. With decrease in the spleen/body weight ratios of mice infected with omp10 mutants were noted, inhibition of phagosome-Lysosome fusion was dramaticly impaired, and profound increase of apoptosis rate after exposure of RAW264.7 to omp10 mutants at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h compared to RAW264.7 exposed to 2308. Results indicate that Δomp10 mutant would affect its survival ...
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...pithelial cells and macrophages. The ghrelin-ip cells showed cytoplasmic staining, they were cone, oval, spindle, round or irregular in shape and tended to be restricted to a single cell. These results demonstrate the presence of ghrelin-ip cells in the lung of the African ostrich and therefore it is speculated that ghrelin may have a physiological function in the lung of the African ostrich.
...
Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Muhammad Asif, Rabia Tabassum, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...v>The storage of bacteriophages is tricky as no ideal common practice is available and the storage conditions may differ from phage to phage. There is disparity among the scientific community regarding bacteriophage storage conditions and various conditions (4 oC, -20 oC, -80 oC and liquid nitrogen freezing at -196°C)...
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...tal hypertension and oesophageal varices. The study was undertaken in rabbits to investigate the effect of propranolol to reduce hepatoxicity of carbamazepine (CBZ). Animals were divided into three groups; control, CBZ administered group (200 mg/Kg for 10 days) and CBZ plus propranolol (30 mg/Kg for 10 days) treated group. Liver function test and histological evaluation by H and E staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried at the end of dosing...
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...s, dendritic cells, macrophages and activation of T and B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulates cytokine response and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) production which boost innate immune response. Hypovitaminosis D is a significant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low levels of vitamin D has been detected in different diseased cases. Recent investigations have reported various cells of body exhi...
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...hanical properties of esophageal and intestine tissue strips of Uromastix hardwickii. Tissues were subjected to electrical stimulation in order to observe the graded mechanical response, and the quick isotonic release method was used for the measurement of stiffness in the series elastic component. The higher stiffness in intestinal tissues as compared to esophageal tissue of Uromastix is probably associ...
Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1
...illaries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also noted for liver, in parallel with hepatocyte degeneration and heterogenic vascular construction originating from congestion, deformation and dilatation. In kidney, degeneration, congestion, dilatation, and necrosis in proximal and distal tubules were recorded; moreover, expansions of Bowman’s space,...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
..., oral cavity cancer, esophageal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, blood cancer and brain tumor. In addition to serum zinc level of cancer patients many other parameters were also studied such as, age limit, weight of cancer patients, effect of smoking on cancer patients, effect of radiation on cancer patients, effect of chemicals on cancer patients, infections in cancer patients and physiological changes in some patients. The experimental work had been done in ...
Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8
...ve immune system against phages, plasmids and foreign genomic elements. Mostly prokaryotes uses their CRIPR Cas system to enhance the integrity of their cell membrane that inhibit the permeability of antimicrobials from host body into the bacterial cells. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to evade from the host immune system by suppressing the activity of their immune receptors e.g. TLR. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to attach with the host body and ...
Abeer A. Feisall; B.A. Othman2; Kh.A. El-Dougdoug2 and H.S. Shalaby1
...div>...
Mohamed I. Azzam1, Safaa M. Ezzat1, K. A. El-Dougdoug2, Badawi A. Othman2
...the bio-diversity of coliphages to use as bio-indicators for viral water
pollution. The study elucidates the occurrence of enteric viruses at various locations in
Rosetta Branch of the Nile River in addition to five main drains located on its sides which
selected for confirmation the eco-diversity of aquatic viral isolates. The evaluation was
carried out using real time-quantitative reverse transcriptase - polyme...
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
... the rhizobia is bacteriophage infection. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the abundance of rhizobiophages in Egypt. Rhizobiophages were isolated from the rhizosphere of different legume plants. While no temperate phages were detected, two groups of phages were determined based on their virulence. Highl...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...ytic action of a bacteriophage specific to Pseudomonas sp. Both Pseudomonas spp. and bacteriophages were isolated from residential wastewaters. The isolated Pseudomonas spp. were confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibiogram was done with nine (9) different antibiotics, including;aztreonam (ATM), chloramphenicol (CPL), gentamicin (GTN), tetracycline (TTE), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...ytic action of a bacteriophage specific to Escherichia coli. Both Escherichia coli and bacteriophages were isolated from farmlands and residential wastewaters. The isolated Escherichia coli were confirmed through phenotypic and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test to nine antibiotics was determined. Multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was assessed. Spot assay was done to determine lytic action of the bac...
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2
... of neutrophils and macrophages in the meningen, and ischemic neuronal pyknosis were found in the brain. In the synovial tissue, there is a heavy infiltration of neutrophils with few macrophages. Microbiological examination showed the growth of small round colonies, grayish-white, mucoid but hemolysis reaction was not clearly visible. On Gram staining, the bacteria looks purple, the coccus arranged like a chain, reacts negat...
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
...ssed the efficacy of two phages, MHH6 and PR2, against Escherichia coli serotype O6 infected in chickens. A total of 420 broilers were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups. The negative control (NC) birds received no E. coli or phages, whereas the positive control (PC) birds were infected with E. coli only. The NC+MHH6 and NC+PR2 treatments received 109 pfu/ml of phages MHH6 or PR2,...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
... the effect of oro-nasal phage delivery on bacterial population. As prophylaxis, oral phage delivery via drinking water and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed treatment,...
Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2
...ory cells, and CD68 macrophages were detected in the infected mice. Most samples of mice expressed a different level of tissue necrosis where anti-caspase-3 was examined. Additionally, several mast cells in the mice liver samples were observed. By reestablishing efficient immune responses and preventing evasion mechanisms of the parasite, these findings help improve the understanding of local immune responses to CE and maybe lead to the design of novel treatme...
Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1*
...the effects of a bacteriophage cocktail on growth performance, intestinal morphology, E coli detection, cecal bacterial composition, and the incidence of diarrhea in nursery pigs for 6 weeks. A total of 800 pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) were randomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and 1 g/kg of a bacterio
Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1*, Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Chau Cong Dang1, Nguyen Hoang Phuc1, Tran Dinh Tuan1, Nguyen Trong Ngu2
...the effects of a bacteriophage cocktail (BC) against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in native broiler chickens. Totally, 320 native chicks were divided into two experiments using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 10 chicks per experiment. In both experiments, BC was used at a dose of 109 PFU/mL, and SE was used at 108,2 CFU/mL. In the protective experiment, 1-day-old chicks were arranged in CD) control diet; BC+S) CD + ...
Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Raazia Tasadduq2, Jane B. Lian3, Janet L. Stein3, Gary S. Stein3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...zed RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line as osteoclast precursors, and resveratrol (RSV) as a standard for its anti-osteoclast activity. Upon RANK-L induction of RAW264.7 cells to differentiate into osteoclasts, we found 10ng/ml CQ-H as most efficacious concentration for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis with 57.8% inhibition of TRAP activity. Whereas, in comparison 20ng/ml RSV showed 49.9% inhibition of TRAP activity. Expression of osteoclast marker genes such as...
Aryaf Mahmood Sabea1*, Majida A. Al-Qaiym2
...hocytes and CD68 on macrophages were affected inversely by hypothyroidism. Selenium supplementation synergies levothyroxine in reestablishment the activity of lymphocytes and macrophages. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that thyroid hormones had regulatory role for innate and adaptive, and in order to reach the best result of treating hypothyroidism and improving the activity of the immune cells , selenium m...
Sajida Batool1, Mubeen Akhtar1, Shafaat Yar Khan1,2*
...of mega-karyocytes, macrophages and mast cell specifically in stress condition. This research is first contribution to find correlation of IL3 with hematological aspects in polycystic females.
...
Yanmei Wang1,2, Haoyun Li1, Lijuan Han1 and Wenkui Wang1*
...stry worldwide. The macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and related protein and gene expressions in its downstream signal pathways need to be studied to explore the mechanism of MIF participating in PH. In this study, 4-5 weeks broilers with clinical PH were collected as experimental (PH) group, while the healthy broilers were taken as control group. The related mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions and distributio...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...align: justify;">Bacteriophages have crucial advantages over conventional methods of controlling pathogenic bacteria in which they have a high ability to self-reproduce, host specificity, and develop with their bacterial hosts. The most common pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fresh meat and identified using the VITEK II automated system. Phages specific to Escherichia coli,
Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...ctor. The use of bacteriophages, as a potential replacement, for antibiotics and as food antimicrobial agents to potentially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiologically characterize lytic bacteriophages against Enteritidis, and to ascertain their efficacy in modulating bacterial population on chicken breast cuts in the form of a <...
Madbouly*, H.M.; Saif**, M.A. and Hussein* , A.S.
...gocytic activity of macrophages. All groups were challenged with vvNDV for detecting the protection percent. From this study it could be concluded that MDV vaccine has an immunosuppressive effect on chicks and this could be antagonized by immunostimulant as curcuma longa The surprising immuno-stimulatory effect of curcuma is in the induction of protection level 80% in treated but not NDV vaccinated group which equivalent to that group vaccinated with NDV vacci...
Eisa*, Nawal A.; Abd El-Ghafar **, N. Y. Abd EL-Mageed*, M.H.; Mohamed* , F.G. and Hasan*, Eman O.
...nrichment technique. The phages produced plaques (4-5mm, diameter) with a distinct translucent spreading halo. Presumptive phage particles associated with X vesicatoria were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Particle size and morphology of each phage isolate were examined by electron microscopy. The obtained results indicated that, the isolated ph...
Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.
...tered to concentrate coliphages, enteric and H5Nl viruses. Coliphages infecting Escherichia coli were detected in both of sewage polluted samples and chlorinated water samples especially in warmer seasons, however, maximum counts were recorded during summer and the minimal were detected in winter. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. Electron microscopy reveale...
Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin
...: justify;">Five bacteriophages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain were isolated from agricultural drain water of Zagazig city. One of them designated as PAI has been characterized. The ability of phage PAI to form plaques with strain PAOI was examined. Two kinds of plaques (turbid and clear) have been observed. The average number of turbid plaques was 2.52 x 109 pfu/ml whereas of clear plaques was 9.96 x 107 pfu/n) l. ...
Mayada A. Abd Elgalell; B.A Othman2; Th. Radwan, 1 and Amal S.M. Abo-Sinna3
...ext-align: justify;">Two phage isolates for Pseudomonas putida were isolated from soil cultivated with potato by the enrichment culture technique and signed as PPI and PP2. The phages were propagated and purified by polyethylene glycol, 6000-sodium dextran sulfate 500 two phase system. The two phages had different ultraviolet absorption spectra. Results of the lytic pattern of both
B. A. Othman; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug; M. H. Abdel Ghaffar and T. F. El-Arabi
...xt-align: justify;">Four phages singed as RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4 specific for Rhizobium meliloti (R meliloti) were isolated from tested rhizosphere soil samples collected from Qalyubia and North Sinai Governorates based on plaque morphology, The extinction spectra of purified preparations showed A260/A280 of 1.25. 1.16. 1.28 and 1.24 for RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4, respectively. When the purified preparations of RM1, RM2, and RM3 phage
Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4
...release in alveolar macrophages; and personalized modified prodrugs can achieve drug release in alveolar macrophages. It is possible to produce physicochemical qualities suited for inhalation administration while reducing medication toxicity. Overall, using prodrug technology may be able to meet the different needs of inhaled drug development and give ideas for how to make new inhaled drugs....
SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2
...rmin hydrochloride (Glucophage) was used to determine the histological changes in liver of mice. Twenty mice (4-5 weeks old) were given oral gavages of 0.1 ml of 0.00, 31.25, 125 and 500μg/g B.W (Complete). of Metformin prepared in distilled water, for 04 weeks daily. After 24 hours of last dose, the animals were anaesthetized torecoverliver tissues following fixation in Bouin’s fluid and processing for histological preparation using different grades ...
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3
...iotics, CRISPRs, bacteriophages, nanotechnology and phytochemicals....
Marah Salim Hameed1, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy2*
...y for monocytes and macrophages do not correlate with blood urea and creatinine concentrations. Vitamin E -sodium selenite and vitamin C have important role in enhancement for renal functional activity and clearance of urea and creatinine; They considered potent antioxidant that ameliorates the histopathological effects of sodium nitrate on renal tissue. Concentrations of blood urea and creatinine have no effect on potent scavenging activity of monocytes and m...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...filtration of giant macrophages in the B. abortus ΔpurD mice group as compared to the parent RB51 mice group indicating superior immune response generation. The findings of this study revealed that the highly attenuated B. abortus ΔpurD mutant can be used effectively as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate for the control of bovine brucellosis both in local and international settings....
Eman Ali Hussein1*, Majdy Faisal Majeed2
...avages 3.5 mg/kg of glucophage XR treatment served as positive controls. Treatment with TFG of groups 3 and 4 recorded significantly (p≥0.05) enhanced of renal functions during blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine (CT), and urea (UR) as well as noted hyperactivity of antioxidant enzyme, SOD, and GSHt, while CAT and GPx have remained within the boundaries of the negative and positive control group 1 and 5 respectively. The above results were reflected in the ...
Sura Ayed Radam*, Inam Badr Falih
...d of lymphocyte and macrophage mainly in hepatic tissue of 3rd group with evidence of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in splenic tissue of 2nd group and periarteriolar, pericortical lymphoid hyperplasia were reported in spleen of 1st group immunized with Streptococcus pyogenes lyophilized antigen. Conclusion This study provide we can conclude that jointly of concanavalin-A and S.pyogenes antigen capable to enhance potential immune response butter than antigen al...
Rabab Abd Alameer Naser1*, Sameer Ahmed Abid Al-Redah2, Enas S. Ahmed3, Fatimah S. Zghair2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy4
...ylazine and Ketamine. Esophageal sections (cranial, middle, and caudal) were collected for microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analysis. Compared to turkeys, ostriches lacked a distinct crop (second esophageal segment). In bothostriches” and “turkeys, the first esophageal segment was longer than the thoracic segment. Histologically, the esophagus in both species h...
Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi
...IBV. ...
Abdullah Khazal Mohsen1, Sura Emad Jassim2, Tania T. Alaridhi3, Amran M. Al-Erjan4, Qais R. Lahhob5*, Mustafa Mudhafar6,7
...o find out if the use of phages can eradicate E. coli infections in cattle or not. Four such farms, positive to E. coli, were randomly chosen out of the sampled feces of the calves. This is best explained by the method of oral gavage; where the phages were added to milk and then the calves fed on the mixture on a daily basis. All the calves in the study were treated with an oral decoquinate that would help prevent coccidiosi...
Anugrah Masih; Aditi Singh*
...ning
bacteriophage with antibiotics for a synergistic impact and employing the phage-lysin
efficiently. The aim of this study was to explore the potential efficacy of phages and lysins
alone and/ or in conjunction with antibiotics to combating biofilm conformation and
eradication. This review article is broadly divided into two parts; the fir...
Salwa M. Masoud1; Hend A. Refat2; Nada S. Sayed2; Mohamed K. Abd-El Aal2; Ahmed A. Dosocky2; Zeinab S. Mohammed3; Mohamed A. H. Abdel Wahab3; Dina M. Mekawy3; Ali I. Ali4; Basma A. Atya4; Katren T. Welliam4; Rehab M. Abd El-Baky1, 5; Zeinab S. Hashem1*
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal (2020), 4(5): 1005-1014
...t of waste water bacteriophages on the growth of some multi-drug resistance Escherichia coli and other bacterial uropathogens. Urine samples were collected from 30 UTI patients at Minia University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. Twenty Escherichia coli strains were isolated from UTI patients. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine the isolates antibiotic susceptibility. The isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin by 70%. Five ...
Ghadah A. Alsubhi1,2*
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal (2021), 5(6): 1405-1414
...
The impact of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents was known after their first discovery in 1915, and they were then employed to treat the bacterial infections. However, the discovery of penicillin in 1928 quickly overshadowed bacteriophage therapy, and paved the way for its large-scale production in the 1940s to enter the era of antibiotics. In recent years, resistant bacteria have contributed to increasing the studies...
Omnia Karem Riad*
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal (2024), 8(6): 2734-2749
...ry bacteria, and bacteriophages, which are powerful tools valuable to fighting resistant microorganisms with fewer chances of resistance development. Naturally synthesized products such as antimicrobial peptides and bacteriocins revealed successful treatment options. Additionally, the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas) system is a gene-editing tool that can re-sensitize the resistant bacteria. Vaccination prevents infectious...
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