Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2
... from fourteen different flocks, distributed in all analyzed regions (Central, Chorotega, Atlantic Huetar, North Huetar, and Central Pacific) determining regional seropositivity between 63.5% and 100.0%, as well as an overall prevalence of 80.8 %. The within flock seropositivity percentages ranged between 0% and 100.0%. Flocks with the highest seropositivity were found in low altitude regi...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...on of CIA and IBD in the flock, the BF was also screened for the presence of chicken anemia virus (CAV) using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IBDV antigen was detected by AGID while CAV by PCR. This confirms the diagnosis of concurrent infection of CIA and IBD in the affected flock. This is the first case report of a concurrent and natural field outbreak of CIA and IBD in a commercial poultry farm in Nigeria.
Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2
... the 12 commercial layer flocks selected randomly at the age of 35-50 weeks without any direct clinical manifestation of avian influenza. Serum collected from 120 birds was tested for antibodies against H9N2 by using Haemagglutination Inhibition assay. Calculated geometric mean titers of 5.37 revealed the infectivity of the flock with H9N2 Influenza virus. To investigate the presence of virus in the study population, trachea...
Muhammad Afzal1 and Murad Khan2*
...arm was Rs. 3,10,067 per flock while that of medium and large farms were Rs. 4,99,002 and Rs.7,34,290 respectively. The highest cost was estimated for feed followed by chicks cost. The average gross margin of small farms was Rs. 38,556 while that of medium and large farm were Rs. 62,844 and Rs. 89,261 respectively. The highest net benefits were reported from the large scale poultry farms in spite of high mortality in large farms. Proper vaccination and medicat...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...an outbreak in a peacock flock was undertaken. Proteolytic cleavage site of F0 showed a cleavage motif (112RRQKR↓F117), representative of a velogenic serotype. Moreover, based on F and HN gene nucleotide sequence analysis, the isolate clustered as genotype VII closely associated to those reported from Indonesia. Further sequence analysis of hyper-variable region within F gene revealed its clustering to sub-genotype VIIe. T...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...s collected from poultry flocks of Punjab Pakistan for isolation of IBD virus by inoculating in embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane. The two hundred birds were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D). The birds in group A were commercial broiler chicks having maternal derived antibodies and were challenged with IBDV field isolate at the rate of 0.1ml of EID50 (virus titer 105.50/100μl) on 2nd week of age through eye ...
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
...eing applied for chicken flocks, which have maternal derived antibodies (MDA) for these viruses. To understand the interference of maternal derived immunity impact of maternal derived immunity interference in vaccination regimen in poultry, a total of one hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were vaccinated with LaSota. A group of chicks (n=40) were immunized using baculovirus (H5 and ND) inactivated vaccine via subcutaneous route. Birds (n=20) were then ...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
...p breeding in very large flocks.
...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
...ed monitoring of poultry flocks to better understand its epidemiology and understanding the impact of one virus on the pathobiology of second virus ...
Nehafta Bibi1, Muhammad Shafiq2, Munawar Saleem Ahmad3 and Haitao Wang1,4,*
...acteristic of social and flocking birds. In this study, we investigated Eurasian siskin (Carduelis spinus) dominant individuals for neophobia and influence of social context on foraging. In our experiments, a subject (observer) was presented with three novel and familiar food in each of three contexts: asocial, first social context (conspecifics without food) and second social context (conspecifics with food). The results showed that individuals preferr...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
...lected from a commercial flock in west of Turkey. The analysis performed with cathegorical (cage and line) and continuous (hatch, age at sexual maturity and body weight of sexual maturity) predictors and a continuous response variable (EP). The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients among all predictor variables were significantly changed from 0.88 to -0.65. Age of sexual maturity was found the most predictor variable that affecting EP and it was follow...
Rubina Bano, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif and Waqar Akhtar*
...of a family. The average flock size in the study area was 4033 birds. The study also bifurcates the cost structure and fixed cost accounts for 7 % while variable cost accounts for 93% of total cost of production. Feed makes the major share and accounts for 49.34%. Broiler production in the study area is profitable with a profitability index of 0.24, capital turnover of 1.32 with a rate of return on fixed cost 424% and on variable cost 135%. The issues and prob...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...s were selected from the flock. After the DNA extraction from blood samples, a 1486 bp fragment of exon three was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (T>A at position 483) and a sheterozygous condition (T>W at position 483). Generalized linear model was used to minimize the environmental effects. The variation i.e. “W” type heterozygous condition showed a higher average daily weight gain. ...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
... commercial and backyard flocks, in five different locations in Egypt between the years of 2015 and 2016. All samples were screened using virus isolation, as well as antigenic and molecular detection methods. Full-length hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of six representative H5N1 isolates were analysed to study their genetic evolution followed by estimation of their evolutionary rates among different virus clusters. This analysis revealed a high evolution rate for...
Fatma Abdallah1*, Ola Hassnain2, Elsayed Attar3, Haytham Ali3,5, Mohamed Megahed1 and Venugopal Nair4
... in the Egyptian poultry flocks during 2015 -2016 was conducted. Twenty one vaccinated chicken flocks suffering from different form of lymphomas, representing different governorates in the Egyptian Delta, were screened for MDV infection. Pathological findings in the visceral tumours and presence of viral DNAs with variable mitotic figures were observed in the examined visceral organs. Eight samples were screened positive for...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...ficant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To identify the serotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for recent outbreaks, the sequence analysis of hexon gene of 10 isolates associated with IBH and HPS was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on direct sequencing of hypervariable region of hexon gene grouped these sequences into two distinct groups, thr...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...nalysis revealed overall flock-level sero-prevalence of 92.3% which varied from 88.88% in sheep and 100% in goat, while individual level sero-prevalence was 15.6% in sheep and 15.0% in goats, the difference being non-significant. A significant (P<0.05) association was found between seropositivity against C. burnetii and variables like livestock farm, type of farming, region (locality of farm), presence of ticks, animal health status and season...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...ected from twelve pigeon flocks exhibiting signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected samples were positive for NDV and negative for avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon partial F gene sequencing. Partial F gene sequencing revealed that all tested isolates harbor a cleavage site with multi basic amino acid 112KRQKR/F117 c...
Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
...l a havoc to the poultry flocks and outbreaks have occurred even in vaccinated flocks. Commercial Newcastle disease virus vaccines can provide various levels of protection against challenge with different NDV genotypes, raising the importance of the relationship between vaccines and field strains. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the effect of moisture percentage and pH on the persistence of velogenic NDV genotype ...
Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3
...y and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different localities at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. These samples were subjected for direct detection of a 620 bp hypervariable region in the VP2 gene using Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for VP2 hypervariable region of selected five IBDV field isolates were determined and compared to well characterized reference and vaccine strains worldwide. ...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...gypt, even in vaccinated flocks. A total of 8121 different samples (organs and swabs) that represented 588 NDV suspected flocks were collected from poultry farms showing respiratory manifestation and/or drop in egg production during 2015-2018. Out of 588 NDV outbreaks 95 flocks were confirmed positive NDV by rRT-PCR using genotyping primers, with a prevalence rate of 16.2%. NDV outbreaks w...
Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan
...ng 1180 backyard poultry flocks were collected based on the surveillance conducted by the GOVS (General Organization for Veterinary Services), Egypt during the period from May 2017 to August 2018. 11 positive cases were confirmed in seven governorates with a prevalence rate of 0.93% and the positive samples were mainly located in Upper Egypt. The sequence of partial HA gene was performed for 10 positive samples and they were genetically characterized as HPAIV ...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...n pattern of MG in layer flocks is not known in Chakwal. Keeping this in mind, current study was designed to know about distribution of MG. The present study was conducted on 25 commercial layer flocks from different regions of district Chakwal, Pakistan. A total of 358 blood samples were collected from different regions of district Chakwal and subjected to serological tests including enzyme linked immusorbant assay (ELISA) ...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...e collected from poultry flocks showing clinical signs of HHS and investigated using PCR assay for FAdVs. The FAdVs were detected in 8 samples collected from different flocks. Positive PCR amplicons were sequenced to genetically identify the FAdVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters among FAdVs. One cluster containing 3 strains belonged to the FAdV- C species and serotyped as FAdV-4 and showed close proximi...
Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi
...ical support, the turkey flock size (according to age variation), feed intake, housing system, feeding system, quantity of feed supplied to each turkey/day, floor space, feeder space, waterer space uses in turkey marketing age, weight, price of turkey. Among 6 farms only 66% of farms maintain a common vaccination schedule, other farms use only new-castle disease vaccine. Most of the turkey farmers rear turkey in small scale semi-intensive system (50%) was gene...
Zia-ud-Din1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Tanveer Hussain3,*, Irfana Iqbal4 and Asma Zafar5
...nomic viability for such flocks.
...
Khaled Kaboudi*
...on in commercial poultry flocks causes important economic losses, related to high mortality, decrease in animal performance and aggravation of infection by other pathogens. Although H9N2 is endemic in many regions of the world, such as Middle East and North Africa, where the first outbreaks were described since the end of 1990s, many features about epidemiology and genetic characteristics are still little known. This review summarized the epidemiological situa...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Arfan Ahmad1* and Muhammad Anees2
...rom outbreaks in broiler flock (n=45) were undertaken in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis clustered study strains of CAV in group II similar to those reported previously from China. These findings are helpful for an understanding of currently circulating strains of CAV; however, they require further analysis to intervene in necessary strategies to avoid future outbreaks in commercial poultry.
...
Hamoudi Naoual1, Alloui Nadir2*, Barberis Abdelhak2 and Boudaoud Amine2
...e circulation in broiler flocks in Eastern Algeria, a preliminary descriptive study is conducted to identify and enumerate in wetland areas, migratory bird species, known to carry the AIV. The Anatidae population peaked in January 2017 with a total of 8064 birds. The 6 frequent species observed are: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) and Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). Our obse...
Shilong Chen1,2, Shifeng Xiao1,2, Shao Wang1,2, Fengqiang Lin1,2, Xiaoxia Cheng1,2, Xiaoli Zhu1,2, Dandan Jiang1,2, Shaoying Chen1,2* and Fusong Yu3*
...duckling in Chinese duck flocks. The aim of this review is to describe the current knowledge on SBDSV with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, genomic organization and pathogenesis. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of cross-species transmission, retardation and beak atrophy are still needed to be elucidated. ...
Hassam Ud Din1*, Huma Rizwana1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2, Kaleem Ullah2 and Muhammad Din2
Evaluation of Production Performance and Marketing of Small Ruminants in District Dukki, Balochistan
...semi pacca housing type. flock size in average was 193.33 in Vialla Dukki, 241.42 in Thal, 390.00 in Nana Sahib, 493.33 in Sadar and 610.00 in Nasar Abad, respectively. Total cost of animals in Villa Dukki was (1131000 Rs), Thal (1352000 Rs), Nana Sahib (1092000 Rs), Sadar (1124800 Rs) and Nasar Abad (1037000 Rs), respectively. Per animal feeding, vaccination, shepherd, marketing and miscellaneous charges was 59256, 3838, 139440, 50202 and 29186 rupees. An amo...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
...vity time-budgets from a flock of over 20 birds at Fota Wildlife Park, Cork, Ireland, gathered during daytime observations over a six month period. The results show that penguins spent most of the daytime in stationary, terrestrial locomotion, preening and swimming modes of behavior, and swimming activity increased on rainy days. Peak activity took place from 16:00 to 17:00 hours, especially before and after feeding. The behavior of penguins was significantly ...
Saad A. Moussa1, Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdullah2*, Mahmoud Saied1, Mustafa Saleh1, Mohamed A. Soliman2 and Ali Mahmoud Zanaty2
...nated commercial broiler flocks showing respiratory manifestation in Menofia governorate, Egypt during 2019. Those viruses showing deaths and haemorages of inoculated SPF ECE eggs, harvested allantoic fluids showed haemagglutination activity by using 1% RBCs and also haemagglutination inhibition in case of using NDV reference antiserum, As well as realtime polymerase chain reaction by using standardized NDV specific primers and finally eight viruses were selec...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...ns assemble into a large flock and spend more time foraging, in the meantime the vigilance value declines so as to get enough food supply. Foraging intensity is lower in deep water and higher in shallow water. The small lake could be an alternative suitable foraging habitat for the wintering Tundra Swans when facing the habitat loss.
...
Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...a were collected for 483 flocks by means of interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used for general analysis, while budgetary technique was used for profitability analysis. Ordinary Leased Square (OLS) technique was employed to find the effect of different inputs on profit of broiler poultry farms. The ANOVA tool was used to know the variations in cost, revenue and profit of various size of commercial broiler poultry farms. Due to wide spread variation...
Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3
...cheal samples of broiler flocks suspected to be infected with IBV were collected from different Egyptian governorates during 2012. Isolation and genetic characterizations were carried out for only ten samples which were positive for IBVs. Multiple nucleotide and amino acids alignments revealed prominent nucleotide substitutions which affect amino acids composition of HVR3 of S1 subunit. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven strains were belonging to varian...
Safaa M. Mohammed*, Shahira A. Abdelwahab**,Fetaih,H⃰ ⃰ ,Neveen,R⃰ ,Abdel satar ,A⃰ and Mohamed S. Elshahidy**
...d in 6 commercial turkey flocks aged 48-65days old. The disease was examined clinically ,histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Turkey pox virus was isolated on CAM of embryonated chicken eggs and identified by agar gel precipitation test and polymerase chain reaction .Two main types of TKPV infection were observed in examined flocks ,cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Morbidity rate ranged from 5-15%with no mortaliti...
Serageldeen Sultan1, Nabila Osman2
...avian HEV) among chicken flocks in Egypt. A total of 510 serum samples were collected from broiler breeder (n=191), layer breeder (n=235) and commercial broiler chickens (n=84) from different farm flocks (24 flocks) in Egypt. These samples were examined for the presence of avian HEV antibody using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that the occurrence of avian...
Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden
... also be used to predict flock response to AI infection. The reduction in
challenge virus replication can be quantified using classical virus isolation (VI) and titration methods
in (ECE) or by molecular assay for detection AI virus specific nucleic acids such as (rRT-PCR).
Methods: Titration of the HPAI virus for infection of SPF chicken. The tracheal swabs were collected
from diseased chicken for virus isolatio...
Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4
...ken and duck
flocks from six provinces of Egypt (Ash Sharqiyah, Ismailia, Qalyubia, Menufia, Sohaq and North-
Sinai) and determine its economic effect.
Methods: Serum samples were collected from non-aMPV vaccinated apparently healthy 40 chicken
(23 broilers and 17 layers) and 8 duck (6 Pekin and 2 Muscovy) flocks and then, tested with
commercial indirect aMPV ELISA....
Shimaa M. Mansour, Reham M. ElBakrey, Ahmed Orabi, Haytham Ali, Amal A. Eid
...tian
chicken flocks.
Aim: Clinical and molecular investigation of avian reovirus infection in broiler chickens with
availability of Vertical Transmission
Methods: Herein, 18 chickens derived from 4 broiler flocks within Sharkia Province, Egypt suffering
from different degrees of lameness and/or stunting were clinically and molecularly examined for the
pr...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1,*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Arfan Ahmad2, Syed Nadeem Mansoor3 and Muhammad Anees4
...healthy and CAV-infected flocks under natural condition. The bone marrow smears were fixed, stained with Romanowsky Giemsa Stain (RGS) and examined under microscope. Results showed a significant difference between the cellularity of normal and CAV-infected birds. While comparing healthy and infected chicken bone marrow, we observed a decreased mean erythroid cell percentage (39.95 versus 17.95%), myeloid cell percentage (57.29 versus 21.98%) and the mean M/E r...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer, Basem M. Ahmed and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...ng the IBV among poultry flocks.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to detect the molecular characterize IBV in samples
collected from Lebanese flocks geographically distributed in 7 Governorates.
Methods: Blood sera, tracheal swabs and tissue organs were collected from 60 poultry flocks from
different ages, different type of raising ...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
...mong chicken
flocks suggesting the influence of the AI H9N2 virus.
Objective: this study reports the circulation of H9N2 associated with mortalities in broiler sector and
decrease egg production in layer hens and breeders in Lebanon.
Methods: A total of 22 poultry flocks have been tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase
chain reaction (rt-RT-PCR) for th...
Aml S. El-Saadany1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2 and Hussien A. Hussien2
...as been characterized in flocks which were vaccinated with classical IBDV
vaccines and demonstrated IBD characteristic lesions.
Objective: In present study the aim was to molecular characterize IBDV field strains detected in flocks
located in 4 governorates. Also, a phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the hyper variable
region of VP2 gene was carried out.
Youssef A. Elgharbawy1, Mervat M. Ali1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed A. Shalaby2
...d for vaccination cattle flocks against LSD due to immunological relationship between LSD and SPV. There have been numerous attempts to produce live attenuated LSD vaccine but it has stopped due to the seriousness of the disease's return to its virulence and the post vaccinal reaction of the vaccine so we prepare inactivated LSD virus(LSDV) vaccine to immunize the cattle with safe vaccine .Ismailia isolate of LSD was propagated and titrated on Madin Darby Bovi...
Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon
...iv>
ultimately the flock productivity.
Conclusion: Corn-bran feed based vaccination demonstrated effective delivery and suitability of V4
thermostable ND vaccine use in scavenging village chickens in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
...
Liping Liu and Pengfei Liu*
...n same substrates in one flock during non-breeding season....
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...es were collected from a flock of clinically infected chicken followed by haematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. Species specific PCR based on polymorphic site of the ITS1 gene was developed and used to identify the organism. Haematological examination of the blood demonstrated a decrease in total erythrocytes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell indices. Differential leukocyte analysis revealed leukocytosis, ...
Manar M. Farouk1*, Amal El-Molla1, Fayez A. Salib1 and Yousef A. Soliman2
...elonging to mixed reared flocks in Giza governorate, Egypt, 2) Investigate the presence of enterotoxin(stn) gene in the recovered Salmonella spp. strains, and 3) Build a phylogenetic tree for the partial codon sequence of stn gene of some recovered strains in order to provide a scientific basis for the implementation of practical preventive measures. A total number of 518 diarrheic sheep and goats belonging to 7 mixed
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
...eptember, they gather in flocks of up to 400 individuals and prepare for their flight to their winter range. During their migratory flight south, demoiselles fly like all cranes, with their head and neck straight forward and their feet and legs straight behind, reaching altitudes of 16,000–26,000 feet (4,900–7,900 metres). Along their arduous journey they have to cross the Himalayan Mountains to get to their over-wintering grounds in India. Many di...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1*, Malik Saddique Mehmood1 and Faisal Amin2
...t two decades in poultry flocks of Pakistan. It is causing immense economic losses to the farmers. Avian influenza H9N2 virus were isolated from infected birds of different poultry farms in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan. Segment eight gene of the virus was amplified using RT-PCR and sequenced to analyze mutations in this viral segment. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed sequences from 2015 to 2017 form a single evolving clade. Valdar residues conservation sc...
Shireen S. Aboelwafa¹, Alsagher O. Ali², Rania Hamada³, Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud2*
...evaluated sheep and goat flocks.
Keywords | Protozoan, Parasites, Sheep, Goats, Egypt, ELISA
...
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1
...seases affecting poultry flocks in Egypt. The conventional vaccines can no longer provide an adequate protection for birds against ND outbreaks, where expected to be due to genotype mis-matched vaccines to the rapidly evoluted NDV field strains. Herein, the present study investigated the prevalence and the phylography of currently epidemic genotypes of NDV. Out of 550 samples were collected during an active surveillance in 2020 and 2021 from different poultry ...
Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3
...ndomly selected from the flock at the University of Limpopo experimental farm. The experiment was conducted in three phases which are adaption, vaccination and moringa inclusion over 42 days. At the end of the first week of the trial, all the experimental goats were vaccinated with 2 millilitres of blanthrax vaccine per goat via the subcutaneous route. Three experimental diets were formulated by replacing a conventional supplement of Lucerne with M. oleifera. ...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
...d native broiler chicken flocks showing clinical signs, mortality and lesions of IBD in this study. The collected bursae showed pathological changes related to those of IBD infection. Furthermore, the isolates were molecularly characterized using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and gene sequencing of partial portion of VP2 gene. The two isolates (Genbank accession numbers MW925051 and MW9250522) were characterized as very vir...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...y of proven sires, small flock size, lack of infrastructure, and non-availability of digital records were reported among major constraints in exploiting the genetic worth of Kashmir Merino sheep. However, owing to the high production potential of this breed, its conservation, and selective breeding are highly recommended and there is a need for further research to understand the potential of this breed more comprehensively.
Keywo...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...tained from Sudani ducks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the 1st group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The 3rd group (SV2), the 4th group (SV3) and the 5th (SV4) group were dipped in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of SV solutions, respectively, at four-time of eggs dipping: at day 10th (T1...
Aqsa Fayyaz1, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor1*, Asma Ashraf2, Muhammad Asif Zahoor3, Azhar Rasul2, Humara Naz Majeed4, Muhammad Zulhussnain1, Kanwal Ranian1, Bushra Riaz1, Nazia Khalil1 and Attaullah1
...n entry into the poultry flocks and will feed on poultry droppings and potentially serves as a mechanical vector for Newcastle disease. During the current study, houseflies were captured and examined for the presence of NDV. A total of 80 samples were collected from eight different poultry farms located around Faisalabad city with ten samples from each farm viz. Khurrianwala road, Shahkot road, Faisalabad road, Satyana road, Jhumra road, Nankana sahib road, La...
El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2
...tained from Sudani ducks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the first (1st) group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into distilled water as a vehicle or positive control (SV1). The 3rd group (SV2), the 4th group (SV3) and the 5th (SV4) group were dipped in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% of SV solutions for 3 minutes, respectively, at four-time of eggs di...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...en used for breeding the flocks. This study would provide basis for breed characterization and lead to breed improvement program....
Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1*
... from 68 broiler chicken flocks with variable mortality rates in four Egyptian governorates (Fayoum, Beni-Suef, Giza, Minia). All samples were cultivated on PPLO media and detected under stereo-microscope for fried egg colonies. Forty-three samples were detected as Mycoplasma spp., using PCR for species identification, MG, MS, and Untyped strains, with a high prevalence of MG (27.9%) and lowest for MS (8.8%). An rRT-PCR used for detection of AIV-H9N2 and IBV ...
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
...re collected from eleven flocks in Egypt exhibited respiratory, nervous signs and whitish green diarrhea in addition to egg abnormalities and lower production with mortalities. No characteristic gross lesions were observed except heamorrhages in brain, congested liver, spleen, brain and muscles besides greenish content of the gizzard. The histopathological examination of lung, brain, liver, and trachea of these diseased quails revealed non-suppurative encephal...
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
...erience (P<0.05), and flock size (P<0.05). The age of respondents was not associated (P>0.05) with gender. Most (55.5%) male respondents as well as the majority of females (83.4%) had low awareness. The female respondents had lower biotechnology awareness than the males (p <0.001). The male respondents had significantly more favourable attitude evaluations than their female counterparts (p <0.01). The overall mean attitude scores for males (3.91...
A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3
...d from the examined duck flocks. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed the occurrence of differentiation between our field DHAV-1 isolates and the vaccine strain. Therefore, applying an appropriate vaccination program for breeder duck flocks is significant in controlling DHAV-1 infection. Thus, we recommend the application of further studies to detect the efficacy of the used vaccine against the current field str...
Ahmed Abd El-Salam1*, Yasser Hamouda1, Salah El-Safty2, Ahmed El-Attar2
...andom. The layer breeder flocks were tested at four different ages (22, 33, 43, and 64). The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in egg shell quality between the W-36 and brown hy-lines.Strain and age had a substantial impact on Egg weight, Egg length, Egg width, Shap index, Specific Gravity, Albumen height, Albumen weight, Yolk diameter, Yolk index, Yolk weight, Yolk percent, Yolk albumen ratio, Wet shell weight, and Shell percent, accordi...
Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...ually feeding in a large flock could provide safety by the vigilance partners through coordinated and synchronous vigilance modes. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on behavioral strategies adaptive to anthropogenic disturbances. Vigilance behavior of wintering Grus monacha was observed to assess the effect of traffic intensity on their vigilance mode at Shengjin Lake, a Ramsar Site in China. Disturbance intensity was divided into three levels, and the inf...
Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*
...ted turkeys of seventeen flocks and examined by multiplex PCR against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum), Mycoplasma meleagridis (M. meleagradis), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) . The most prevalent detected bacteria were E coli (13) followed by M. gallisepticum (12), ORT (12) and M. meleagridis (7). Two farms reported single infection,...
Tarek A. Wrshana1, Yousry A. Dowidar1, Bahgat A. El-Fiky2, Ali M. El-Rify1, Walaa A. El-Sayed3, Basem M. Ahmed4*
...ges in highly vaccinated flocks causing high economic losses without specific treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of pluripotent cells with multiple biotechnology applications, including but not limited to tissue genesis, tissue repair, hematopoiesis, and immune modulation. Therapeutic strategies based on the usage of stem cells includes the cells either themselves or their secretions (secretome), which has recently shown ability to inhibit SA...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2
...vaccines used in poultry flocks in Egypt: live attenuated NDV vaccines (genotype II) and live recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT-ND-IBD) alone or in combination with inactivated NDV vaccines either of genotypes II or VII (commercially available or autogenously prepared). Different vaccination regimes are applied at various designated days to 260 commercial broiler chickens in 13 groups; 20 birds each. At 28 days-old, all groups were challenged with NDV g...
Ayesha Bakhtiar1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti3*, Shabir Ahmad2, Naqash Khalid2, Javed Iqbal5, Azra Nadeem4 and Waqas Ahmad1
...mpared to the vaccinated flock. However, it was advised that the decision on which vaccine to use depend not only on the aforementioned elements but also on the specifics of a given region, including the organization of veterinary services, prior knowledge, population distribution, communication infrastructure, and climate....
Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7*
...roup. For preventing the flock from infection separates the infected birds from healthy ones. Different treatments show average growth and good performance with the recovery of clinical signs, histopathological changes, mortality, and morbidity percentage. In this study, we represent a review with a descriptive analysis to identify the chronic respiratory poultry disease, method of prevention, their seasonal incidences, and the treatment by the use of good ant...
Jameel Ahmed1,2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Nadeem Rashid1, Asim Faraz3*,
Majed Rafeeq1, Irfan Shehzad Sheikh1, Mudassar Jahan1,2, Abdul Fatih1,2,
Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Ifrah Jameel1, Muhammad Ali1 and Saira Iftikhar4
... much effective in these flocks and outbreeding was common phenomenon that reduced the inbreeding in the flocks as inbreeding tends to promote homozygosity. The range in observed heterozygosity was very wide for different molecular markers. These measurements underlined the absence of inbreeding in the flocks that commonly causes inbreeding depression. The presence of genetic diversity was...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...es from backyard chicken flocks presenting suspected symptoms were collected during February 2020 and March 2021 for genetic characterization, followed by phylogentic analysis. A total of 4 isolates were sequenced based on partial VP1 and hyper-variable region of the VP2 genes simultaneously. According to phylogenetic analysis, the study isolates genotype A3B3 were identified as predominant strains in country backyard poultry. Concerning the identity matrix an...
Mehwish Malik1*, Zanib Sadia2, Muhammad Sajid3, Hammidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali1 and Sohail Ahmad1
...use of medicine in their flocks and move towards the precautionary measures to compete the disease challenge. ...
Mai M. Dawood*1, Mohamed Fawzy2 and Mohamed S. Elshahidy3
...rom 8 vaccinated broiler flocks exhibited high mortality rates and bursal lesions in al-El-Fayoum province, Egypt during 2019 and 2020. Reverse transcription PCR was used to detect IBDV in clinical samples by amplification of the hyper variable region (HVR) of VP2 gene. Genetic analysis of the PCR amplicons has revealed that 3 samples belonged to very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). The genotyping of Egyptian vvIBDv indicate progressive evolution compared with previou...
Madboulyl , H. M.; Tamami , S.M.; Abd Elmoneml , A.S.; Husseinl , A.S. and Arafa2, A.M.
...y poults of unvaccinated flocks by passage on SPF-ECE of 5-7 days old embryos via yolk sac route. Characterization of isolated virus was done by using RT-PCR where the 5 isolates were positive for APV and produced a specific 315 bp products. Serological survey for APV antibodies in serum and egg yolk samples collected from non-vaccinated flocks (608 serum samples were obtained from broiler chickens from El-Fayoum, Beni suef ...
*Hanan M.M. Elzahed, Abd EL-Moneim A.A, *Afaf A. Khedr, *Elham A. Elabiare, Waleed S. Abd El-Latif, Reda M.I.
... vaccination of breeders flock with the live attenuated (CAV) vaccine could be an effective means of control of chicken anemia virus induced clinical disease....
Ashraf M. Metwally*, Ausama A. Yousif*k , Iman B. Walaa A. Attia M. Samy * , and Ismail M. Reda *
...n intensively vaccinated flocks....
Afaf, A. Khedr*; Hyam Farouk* and Taradi, A.Said. **
...diseases affecting sheep flocks where they cause substantial economic losses in sheep and goats flocks. This study was planned to experimental evaluation of simultaneous vaccination against Brucella and attenuated RVF (smith burn strain) diseases in sheep using serological test including SNT and ELISA test revealed that there was no antagonizing effect between the two vaccines on the immune response of vaccinated animals and...
Seham A. El-Zeedy1, Dalia A. Abd El-Moaty1, H. A. Hussein2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...se in commercial chicken flocks worldwide are due to the spread of very virulent IBDV. Two Egyptian isolates Of IBDV isolated from Giza (Giza/2000) and Qalyubia (Kal/2001) governorates were characterized by RT/PCR-RFLP assay of a 643 bp hyper variable region Of VP2 gene using BstNI, MboI, and SspI restriction enzymes. The presence of Sspl site in Giza/2000 identified it as vvIBDV while the absence of this site in Kal/2001 beside the obtained profile of BstNI a...
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
...among vaccinated chicken flocks during the period 2002-2003 revealed that all IBDV outbreaks occurred at 18-33 days of age. 70% (21/30) of these outbreaks characterized by typical clinical signs and gross lesions. The mortality rates in these flocks ranged between 9.4-12.8 % (average 11.1%); 16.4-30 % (average 23.2 %) and 12-23.5 % (average 17.75 %) in commercial broilers. commercial layer replacement pullets and nativ...
Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil
...nated and non-vaccinated flocks are still recorded, indicating an urgent need to generate a new vaccine candidate. In this study, the live Orthoavulavirus javaense (AOAV-1) genotype VII.1.1 strain (CH-EGY-GIZA-VVTNRC-2021) (Genbank accession number MW603772) was attenuated by combining passaging with limiting 10-fold dilutions in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens eggs for 20 passages. The attenuated virus was used to vaccinate 20 SPF chicks and its prot...
Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga
...as collected on farmers, flocks, production costs and farm incomes. From this data, eight variables were selected and subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA), enabling three groups of farmers to be distinguished. The productivity of each group was assessed based on the economic information collected from the farmers. Overall, the results showed that the number of birds per flock was less than 1000 on farms ranging ...
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...the chick’s house, flock size, bird health status, and practices for dead bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial ...
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...the chick’s house, flock size, bird health status, and practices for dead bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial ...
Addisu Jimma1,2*, Aberra Melesse1, Aynalem Haile3, Tesfaye Getachew3
...omic benefits, off-take, flock structure, and trends since the CBBP started. To address this gap, a study involving 260 randomly selected farmers, with 130 being CBBP members and 130 non-members owning sheep from similar locations, was conducted. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in various aspects between CBBP members and non-members. CBBP participants showed higher numbers of lambs below 3 months, male lambs between 3-6 months, intact...
Asad Ali1*, Khalid Javed1, Imran Zahoor1, Khalid Mahmood Anjum2, Numan Sharif1, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Aftab Hussain Aftab3
...om an experimental Kajli flock in Punjab, Pakistan. Phenotypic data comprised 2501 records of litter size at birth (LSB), cumulative litter weight at birth (LWB), and mean litter weight at birth/ lamb born (LMWB), 1657 records of litter size at weaning (LSW), cumulative litter weight at weaning (LWW), and mean litter weight at weaning/ lamb weaned (LMWW), and 1674 records of lambing interval (LI) from Kajli sheep housed at the Livestock experiment station Khus...
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
...or data collection. Many flocks were observed during the study in which the average numbers in each flock was 10-12. Majority of the respondents 22 (55%) replied that Chukar is present in abundance at Topdara, 28 (70%) replied that its population is decreasing due to habitat destruction and 20 (60%) replied that Jackal is its main ecological predator. Majority of the respondents i.e. 34 (85%) replied that to control illegal ...
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...razing management by the flock
owners and by the extraction of shrubs and bushes
for fuel. Valuable grasses like Washta/Hadden
(Stipa pennata), and Granang/Rangai (Enneapogon
persicum) have almost vanished. These were the
important palatable perennial grasses representing
the climax of range ecosystem in highland
Balochistan. Now, these have been replaced by
Saba/Kaj (Chrysopogon aucheri), a sub-climax
stage in deterioration o...
Walid Elmonir1*, Dalia Abdeltawab1, Hanem El-Sharkawy2 and Rasha N. Zahran3
... from 10 backyard layers flocks. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 4.1% for each production system. Six commercial flocks (60%) and three backyard layers flocks (30%) harbored at least one Salmonella isolate. The prevalence rates of Salmonella spp. in eggs and environmental samples from commercial layers flocks were 2.5% (10/400) and 7.1% (15/210)...
Muhammad Al-Maruf1, Mahfuzul Islam2, Md. Rashedul Islam3, Syidul Islam1, Md. Sirazul Islam4, Md. Roknuzzaman Khan1, Md. Khairul Islam1, Md. Akib Zabed1, K. B. M. Saiful Islam1*
... for >14 days between flocks”. “Footbath facility” and “presence of rodents in the poultry house” were revealed as the factors associated with increased risk for Campylobacter colonization. The study gathered evidence of the presence of Campylobacter spp. colonization in the broiler farms and identified influencing factors which could aid to set effective interventions for controlling of Campylobacter infection in broiler farms...
Manel Ben Larbi1*, Ameni Askri1, Mariem Saidani1, Naceur M’Hamdi2, Ibrahim El Akram Znaïdi3, Nadia Ben Braiek4 and Hajer M’Hamdi5
...e Arbor Acres commercial flocks at the age of 35 days. Some indicators were observed like hock lesions, lameness, pododermatitis, plumage cleanliness, and breast blister. The scores of welfares ranged between 0 and 100. The results showed higher scores for feeding, housing, and health (P < 0.001). The absence of prolonged thirst and hunger, litter quality, breast blister, and touch test had a score exceeding 70, which is why they were considered excellent. ...
Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Waqas Alam1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2, Muhammad Ayaz4 and Tayyab Khurshid5
... and cage-housed breeder flocks during 1st and 2nd egg-laying cycles under the controlled environment where the average house temperature and RH were 25-28oC;75-85% and 21-24oC; 50-65% during summer and winter seasons, respectively. Birds were divided into six groups; the cage-housed flocks were either artificially inseminated on each 5th (n=20,000) or 7th day (n=20,000) whereas the floored flock
