Souvik Ghosh, Nobumichi Kobayashi
British Journal of Virology
...or cause of severe viral diarrhea in infants and children. Although studies on the genetic diversity of the antigenically important RVA VP7- and VP4- protein encoding genes are important for vaccine development or judging the efficacy of existing RVA vaccines, they do not always provide conclusive information on the overall and complex genetic makeup of RVAs, as the remaining 9 RVA gene segments are also susceptible to the forces governing RVA genetic diversit...
Lei Chen, Ling Zhu, Zhi-Wen Xu, Wan-Zhu Guo
Molecular Genetics of Aichivirus C (Porcine Kobuvirus) in China
...ction rate in the severe diarrhea in China, Aichivirus C is thought to be a potential pathogeny of pig diarrhea. The review represented the discovery of Aichivirus C in China, and made a brief summary about molecular and epidemiology characterizations of Chinese Aichivirus C strains. Mutiple Aichivirus C strains and Aichivirus C variants are circulating in China. Recombination events were also observed in Chinese Aichivirus ...
Matheus Nunes Weber1, Simone Silveira1, André Felipe Streck1, Luís Gustavo Corbellini2, Cláudio Wageck Canal1*
...ture....
Simon Mwangi Kihu1*, George Chege Gitao1, Lily Caroline Bebora1, Njenga Munene John1, Gidraph Gachunga Wairire2, Ndichu Maingi1, Raphael Githaiga Wahome1, Davis Njuguna Karanja1, Julius Otieno Oyugi3, Ernest Lutomia3
...ested by the depression, diarrhea, difficult breathing, muco-purulent ocular-nasal discharges with matted eyelids and encrusted nostrils and finally death. Clinical outcome, gross lesions and histological observations were suggestive of PPRV infection, which were confirmed by the application of a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Collectively, results indicate the continuous persistence of PPRV in Kenya....
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
...arges, high temperature, diarrhea and ulcerative lesions in the oral cavity. A total of eighteen goats from a herd of sixty, were affected and two goats succumbed within two weeks. Interestingly, the disease was exclusively observed in goats and all sheep kept in the same herd were serologically positive but did not show any clinical signs of PPR. The active PPR virus (PPRV) infection was confirmed by antigen capture ELISA and RT-PCR in both swab and body tiss...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...ation, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anorexia, trembling and mortality that lasted for 6 days. Postmortem findings include ecchymotic hemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscles, mucosa of the junction between the proventriculus and gizzard, severely enlarged and hemorrhagic bursa of Fabricius (BF) and splenomegaly. The bursa of Fabricius was harvested for laboratory investigation using AGID for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). As part of investigation to...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...stify;">Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) was triggered by pathogenic coronavirus causing watery diarrhea and high mortality in piglets. This post-viral syndrome results in severe economic losses in the pig industry. However, limited information on the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-infected pigs is available. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify transcriptomes with RNA sequenc...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8, Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...um is chief cause of diarrhea in both developing and developed countries, causing millions of deaths each year. This study was designed to estimate the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), i.e. Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Kohat. For this purpose 360 stool samples were collected from the District Headquarter Hospitals of all the three districts and were screened through microscopy. Results yielded a...
Saba Irshad1,*, Ayesha Ashfaq1, Ammara Muazzam1 and Abida Yasmeen2
...e the antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and anticancer activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), used in Pakistani cuisine to enrich flavour and to treat infectious wounds. Their crude ethanol and methanol extracts were tested against five important bacterial and fungal strains. Both extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. All alcoholic extracts w...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...harges, watery to bloody diarrhea and lameness. The major gross lesions were erosive stomatitis, hemorrhages in lung, liver, abomasum, small and large intestine. PPRV NP was detected in sheep (n=20) and goats (n=18), anti-PPRV NP was also detected among sheep and goats (n=162) by ELISA, 3ABC-FMD enzyme immunoassay were positive (n=6) when ovine sera were tested. The study revealed that PPR-FMD viruses were circulating in the region and warrants proper control ...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
...glets having white score diarrhea as a result of outbreak occurred in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in 2015. A total of 81 E.coli were isolated from 83 fecal samples. The organisms were inoculated on MacConkey agar and EMB agar and identified via biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect representative virulence factors or genes, including E.coli adherence factor (K88, CS31A, afaE-8), toxins (estA, estB, Stxl, Stx...
Ikramul Haq1, Aneela Zameer Durrani*1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Imtiaz Ahmad3, Amjad Khan2 and Mehboob Ali1
...an.
...
Iracema Nunes de Barros1,2, Luciane Dubina Pinto3, Rosely Bianca dos Santos Kuroda1, Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva1, Leonardo José Richtzenhain1,2, Cláudio Wageck Canal3 and Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2*
... most important cause of diarrhea, studies have shown an increasing prevalence and importance of CCoV around the world. Fatal CCoV infections have been described, however, there is limited information on the molecular diversity of CCoV in many parts of the world. In this study, canine fecal samples from diverse States of Brazil were screened by PCRs for CCoV and positive samples were subjected to partial sequencing for the membrane (M), spike (S), nucleocapsid...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...has been associated with diarrhea. The current study was conducted in three selected districts (Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Kohat) of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) to determine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampling from apparently healthy lambs and were examined using t...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
... and number of days with diarrhea (P<0.05). The calf’s serum total cholesterol, glucose, AST, GGT, creatinine, phosphor, calcium, insulin, total T3, total T4, albumin, GH and globulin concentrations did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). Essential laurel oil containing whole milk, on the other hand, lowered serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.05). Altogether these results suggested that the consumption of laurel essential oil (600 mg/day)...
Ligia Neves Scuarcialupi, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra, Julia Rosas Hochheim, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Fabio Gregori*
... causes of enteritis and diarrhea in avian species, resulting in negative impact on egg and poultry production. The objective of this work was to detect and characterize Rotavirus F (RVF) and G (RVG) found in Brazilian commercial avian farms. A total of 97 intestinal contents was collected between 2008 and 2015 from 10 Brazilian states, and submitted to two different RT-PCR, targeting a fragment of viral VP6-coding nucleotide sequence of each viral group. Ampl...
Jia-kui Li1,2,*, Kun Li2, Zhao-qing Han2, Hui Zhang2, Xiao-qiang Wang2, Hou-qiang Luo2, Yan-fang Lan2 and Gang Qiu1,2
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
... suffering from seasonal diarrhea. C. perfringens type D was identified through different biochemical tests and PCR. Antibiograms and lab animal trials were also carried out on local isolates of C. perfringens type D. Out of 204 analyzed samples, 89.18 % were found positive while 10.82 % were negative for C. perfringens type D. The division wise distribution showed that Quetta, Zhob, Sibi and Kalat were more effected zones of the Balochist...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...ing pathway in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). The model was established by means of acetic acid enema plus restraint stress. The rat fecal moisture content, fecal trait score, and abdominal wall withdrawal reflex (AWR) score were used to determine whether the model was successful. The effects of Wumei Pill on the TLR4/9-NF-kB signaling pathway rats with IBS-D was observed by testing the contents of serum level of tumour necros...
Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Rahmatullah2, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Sadaqat Ali3,*, Awais Ghaffar1, Ahmad Ali1 and Sehrish Saleem1
...to assess the effects of diarrhea on hematocrit and various serum biochemical parameters (serum electrolytes, trace and ultra-trace elements) in foals. A total of 105 diarrheic foals (n = 35 horse foals, n = 35 donkey foals, and n = 35 mule foals) were selected regardless of their etiologies. Additionally, 12 healthy foals (n = 4 horse foals, n = 4 donkey foals, and n = 4 mule foals) as control animals were selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and...
Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5*
...is, gonorrhea, orchitis, diarrhea, anemia, prickly heat and swellings etc. The plant has also reported to have pharmacological active phytochemicals i.e. conocarpan, conocarpol, gallic acid, ellagic acid, ellagitannin, castalagin, quercetin, myricetin and syringetin etc. The review expresses the ethanomedicinal potential of this plant specie as well as its importance in modern medicines. ...
Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...signs of nervousness and diarrhea in a live bird market (LVM) in Egypt. All collected samples were positive for NDV and negative for avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Seven positive samples were subjected for genotypic characterization based upon partial F gene sequencing. Partial F gene sequencing revealed that all tested isolates harbor a cleavage site with multi basic amino acid 112KRQKR/F117 characteristic of velogenic strains. However...
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
...irrespective of cause of diarrhea was selected from different livestock farms located in the outskirts of Lahore. The result showed that there was increased in packed cell volume (%) in their blood profile. The sodium and potassium concentration in ppm significantly increased (P< 0.001) while the calcium, copper and iron concentration in ppm significantly decreased (P< 0.001) in the calves having diarrhea. Copper conce...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4, Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
... countries. In Pakistan, diarrheal cases are treated empirically and, rarely, specific investigations are made. This study was designed to identify the prevalent strains of Escherichia coli among children of less than five years of age in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. A total of 200 samples were collected from children suffering with diarrhea. E. coli was isolated using standard biological procedures and confi...
Ali Mujtab Shah1,2,3, Muhammad Naeem2, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Muhammad Haaroon2, Quanhui Peng1 and Zhisheng Wang1,*
...ostrum by ST, NF and NS, diarrhea was found 40, 80 and 60% calves affected among the groups respectively, whereas pneumonia problem was observed as 20, 40 and 60% calves were affected accordingly. It is concluded from the present study theconcentration of serum IgG following administration of colostrum by ST method increases at a rate to that in calves fed by NS and NB and reaches a level consistent with high calf survival, it is also concluded from the study ...
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
... weight loss, persistent diarrhea and finally death. Due to zoonotic nature of the disease, workers in slaughterhouses are at a high risk of infection. In this study, the status of paratuberculosis was assessed in a slaughterhouse located in district Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 455 blood samples were collected from slaughtered cattle and buffaloes at random and then tested by a commercially available ELISA kit for the detection of antibodies against My...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
...rmance, and that reduces diarrhea incidents, hastens weaning age and minimizes dairy farm costs when used at the level of 100 mg/l.
...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
... as well as reducing the diarrheal gastric disease of cattle. By adding zeolite in the cow ration during the precalving period has determined a significant increase in blood serum calcium during the last week of precalving period, as well as in the calving and postcalving periods, having as consequence fewer recorded milk fever cases. The results obtained can convince the farmers to use volcanic tuff as a food additive in the feeding of dairy cows during the p...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...al infections leading to diarrhea, urinary tract infection and meningitis, is increasingly becoming multidrug resistant. The current study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and proce...
H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1
...(Cu-Zn SOD activity) and diarrhea incidence were measured in the 2-phase feeding program (1-14 d, 15-42 d). Results showed that: compared with the control diets, 1) Diets supplemented with Av-Cu or CuSO4 did not affect the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of weaned piglets; supplementing the diet with Av-Cu, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly increased (P < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was linearly decreased (P < 0.05); 90...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...gns were green yellowish diarrhea, ruffled feathers, anorexia and torticollis in all groups except Q3. The mean clinical scores and mean death time (days) were statistically non-significant (P>0.05) among all the groups. Higher mortality rate (75%) was recorded in mynas as compared to Japanese quails (50%). Major necropsy lesions observed were pin point hemorrhages in proventriculus, demarcated button-like ulcers of intestinal mucosa, hemorrhages in trachea...
Basharat Ahmed1, Muhammad Hamza Azhar2, Farah R. Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,3,*
...er spp.isolated from diarrheal patients admitted to hospitals in Azad Kashmir Pakistan were analyzed to determine their changing trends in response to fifteen antibiotics. Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. jejuni (66.4%) and C. coli (33.6%). An over whelming majority of isolates were recovered from children (72%), 52 % were from male patients. The highest number of strains was isolated in summer (30.8 %) followed by in autum...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
...otozoan parasite causing diarrhea in human and animals. This study has been aimed to find out its prevalence and chemotherapy of cryptosporidiosis in goats in three selected districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 1440 fecal samples were collected from goats, 120 samples per month from each of 3 districts for twelve months. Identification of oocysts was done through conventional acid fast ZN staining. Prevalence in District Bannu w...
Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1*, Asif Ahmad1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Amer Mumtaz2, Muhammad Javaid Asad3, Saqib Jabbar2, Ahmad Mujtaba1 and Muhammad Nadeem4
...cular risk of food borne diarrheal diseases, with 220 million falling ill and 96000 dying every year. There is a persistent rise in the health expenditure of Pakistan. Pakistan is spending 0.5 to 0.8% of its GDP. Total health expenditure during 2016-17 remains at 145.97 billion showing an increase of 9 percent over the last year. Pakistan has dire need of revamping the food safety policy and infrastructure. Food being an important intake is a major source of h...
Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2*
...ntestine, causing bloody diarrhea amidst a high mortality and morbidity rate. CPV is distributed in the family Parvoviridae beneath the subfamily Parvovirinae that pertains to the genus Protoparvoviorus with a high genomic replacement unlike other DNA virus; the organism is primarily segmented into three forms acknowledged as (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), which resembles to be liable for the infection’s statewide spread. For transmission, the fecal-oral ...
Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy
...ng cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of RV infection is crucial for appropriate patient management and infection control. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Lateral flow immuno-chromatography assay (LFICA) as a rapid test for detection of RV antigen in stool specimens collected from Egyptian infants and young children with ELISA, and nested reverse transcription polymerase...
Ebtisam, A. Abouel yazeed1; Yanni, M.I.1 and Hanan A. Fahmy2
...ollected during neonatal diarrhea. Six out of forty tested samples were found positive for rotavirus (15%) infection using ELISA test. Successful isolation of the rotavirus on MDBK cell line from two samples from the positive ELISA samples. The beginning of characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed from the 3rd passages as clumping, rounding of infected cells with syncytia and leaving empty vacuole space in MDBK cell line. The detected rotavirus wi...
Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...etection of bovine viral diarrhea virus as possible extraneous virus contaminant using RT-PCR and detection of mycoplasma as possible bacterial contaminant using PCR technique. All of the four batches were positive when tested using specific primers and they were free from BVDV or mycoplasma contamination. Results in this study showed that molecular techniques could be used for rapid evaluation of PPR vaccine including RT-PCR for identity testing and for detec...
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with Special Reference to Pakistan: A Review on its Different Aspects
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...sore throat, fatigue and diarrhea and shortness of breath in severe cases. The virus attacks throat, lungs and trachea converting them to virus factories to infect more cells. It attacks not only lungs but also other vital organs of the body like kidneys and heart. It is spread from human to human through respiratory droplets or direct contact. Moreover, there have been reports of the mixed infection of coronavirus with other bacteria, fungi and viruses. Vario...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...portant pathogen causing diarrhea of newborn or weaned piglets, which seriously harms animal husbandry and causes huge economic losses. The pathogenicity of E. coli is closely related to its virulence factors, which are strictly regulated in vivo, and the quorum sensing system is involved in this process. To study the effect of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) on the biological characteristics of Enterotoxigenic E. ...
Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2
...spitalized patients with diarrhea. From the public health point of view, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and S. kentucky were serotyped from both food and human samples. Epidemiologically, insignificant sex risk factor was statistically found in this study although Salmonella was more common in males (14.67%) than in females (8%) among food handlers and the opposite among hospitalized patients (4.76% and 10.34% in males and females, respectively). Salmonella i...
Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*
...creased appetite, and no diarrhea in the modified Yujin powder group. The healing rates were 75%, 85%, and 60% in low-dose group, high-dose group, gentamicin sulfate group, respectively. The effects of modified Yujin powder was better than gentamicin sulfate. The contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the number of white blood cell (WBC) in 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control group, ...
Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3*
...ics, carcass traits, and diarrhea frequency in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed with a cracked corn-based high-energy diet during 89-d. Treatment consisted in filtering and sanitization of raw dam water qualified as “clean and safe” comparing it as follows: 1) dam water (RAW), and 2) dam filtered-sanitized water (FILT). Water filtered-sanitized decreased three-fold total solids and remove coliforms, E, coli, and salmonella. Filtered-sanitized water ...
Zhongqing Wang1, Qiuyue Wu1, Ruiling Ye1, Fazul Nabi1,4, Yangfei Shang1, Sarfaraz Ali4 and Juan Liu1,2,3*
...ion level in duodenum of diarrheal mice. A total 72 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control (CG), infection (IG), positive drug (PG), AMP low/middle/high dose (LG/ MG/ HG) groups respectively, (n=12). The mice were induced by diarrhea with E. coli (5×107CFU) via i.p injection (0.5 mL/time/d) after seven days of pre-administration except in CG. After the induction of the diarrhea
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
... signs and whitish green diarrhea in addition to egg abnormalities and lower production with mortalities. No characteristic gross lesions were observed except heamorrhages in brain, congested liver, spleen, brain and muscles besides greenish content of the gizzard. The histopathological examination of lung, brain, liver, and trachea of these diseased quails revealed non-suppurative encephalitis, perivascular cuffing, congestion of hepatic sinusoids, degenerati...
Zeinab R. Aboezz1*, Ayman S. El-Habbaa1, Rania S. El-Mohamady2, Samia A. Elnagar2, Ehab M. El-Nahas1
...to those of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections. Although, HoBi-like Pestivirus infection has been recorded in multiple countries as in South America, Europe, and Asia, no clinical cases were recorded in Egypt even now. Here, for the first time, we reported natural infection of HoBi-like Pestivirus in Egyptian cattle. Serum and ovarian samples were collected from cattle during the year of 2019. RT-PCR, viral isolation, sequencing, and phylogeny revealed tha...
Mahmoud S. Sirag1*, Effat L. El Sayed2, Mahmoud M. Hussein3, Khalid A. El-Nesr1, Mahmoud B. El-Begawey1
...nbsp;...
Eman H. Abotalp, Sahar R. Mohamed, Jakeen K. El Jakee
Balquees Kanwal1*, Syeda Saba Shah1, Syed Waqas Hassan2 and Farzana Shaheen3
...(Stx), which can lead to diarrhea, haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and other lethal complications. Consumption of STEC contaminated food has been associated with food related illnesses outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of O157:H7 strain of STEC by detection of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes in 160 chicken meat samples, which are randomly collected from different regions of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. Isolation of pathogen fr...
Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1*
...on, and the incidence of diarrhea in nursery pigs for 6 weeks. A total of 800 pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) were randomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and 1 g/kg of a bacteriophage cocktail (Amox-Phage). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens, with 50 pigs per replicate. Average daily gain (ADG) and the FCR...
Samin Ullah1, Huma Rizwana1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Anees ur Rahman1, Naseeb Ullah1 and Shafiq ur Rahman Shah1
...ad health issues such as diarrhea and pneumonia. The findings suggest that providing 4 liters of colostrum to crossbred Holstein Friesian calves within 30 minutes of birth can improve their immunity and health. This study provides evidence for farmers to consider increasing colostrum feeding quantity in their management practices to improve the health and growth performance of their calves. Information aids farmers raising crossbred Holstein Friesian calves; c...
Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1
...terized by symptoms like diarrhea, poor weight gain, rough body coat, gastro intestinal disturbance like lack of appetite, reduced milk production, alopecia and bottle jaw. The study on prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths parasite of large and small ruminants was conducted in and around district Haripur. Faecal samples (n=633) were randomly collected and were examined for the presence of helminths parasites, in which 463 (73.0%) were found positive for th...
Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li
...reaks of calf infectious diarrhea caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine rotavirus (BRV), and bovine coronavirus (BCV) have increased calves morbidity and mortality in Hebei Province. To detect these three pathogens simultaneously, we designed specific primers based on the conserved gene sequences of the three pathogens available in GenBank. After optimization of the reaction conditions and system, we successfu...
Swagata Das Gupta1, Majharul Islam1, Towhida Kamal2,Md. Rayhan Faruque3,Md. Shohel Al Faruk4*
...igations showed greenish diarrhea, and post-mortem studies revealed hepatomegaly, congested heart, and proventriculus, and found nodules in the crop wall as tentative diagnoses. Tropozoid was identified through microscopic examination by direct wet smear and giemsa staining. The cankers were treated orally with metronidazole at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and the farmer was also advised on the hygienic management of his farm. After care...
Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1
...and F was noted; whereas diarrhea, muscular tremors, and lethargy were observed in group C and D. Significantly increased (p <0.05) GGT, bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid levels were recorded in C and D (lead toxicity groups), as compared to control group; whereas group E and F (treated with selenium) showed the protective effect by decreasing (p <0.05) GGT, creatinine, bilirubin and uric acid concentration as compare to C and D groups. Gross patholog...
Abdul Latif Rind1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Raza Ali Mangi5, Muhammad Anees Memon6, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani7, Sana Noor8, Zainab Lanjar9, Zahid Ali Mangrio10 and Abdul Wahid Solangi1
...gns and symptoms such as diarrhea, coughing, fever, pneumonia, stomatitis, and occulo-nasal discharge. Furthermore, no instances of pregnancy were reported during the research. These findings underscore the high prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats within District Sanghar, emphasizing the urgent requirement for effective control measures to curb its propagation....
Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2
...s by reducing morbidity, diarrhea cases, and mortality, and improving the performance of breeding male calves during suckling and the early post-weaning period.
Keywords | Friesian-calves, Propolis, Thyme, Immunoglobulins, Hematology, Blood constituents
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Raed Hussein Salih Rabee1, Yahya Sabah Abdulameer1, Walla Farhan Obed1, Noor R Abady1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1*, Firas Hussein Albawi1, Mohammed Jasim Jawad2, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra3
... chickens suffering from diarrhea, and its isolation was confirmed by culturing it on MacConkey agar medium. In this study, a total of one hundred chicken chicks were reared, and on the tenth day of the experiment, they were divided into five equal groups:NCG: This group represented the control and was given normal drinking water. T1: The chickens in this group were orally inoculated with E. coli at a dose of 0.5 ml containing 6x108 CFU/ml of E. coli. T2: The ...
Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad
...y was to examine the antidiarrheal activity of the alcoholic fruit extract of Prosopis farcta L. in a rat model. Thirty male Albion Wistar rats randomized into six equal groups of five as follows: negative control (received distilled water), positive control (induced diarrhea with 2 ml castor oil), and experimental groups that received 2 ml castor oil followed by oral administration of different doses of Prosopis farcta L. ...
Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2*
...reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaned pigs. Blood hematological parameters, intestinal morphology, and fecal microbial shedding were assessed at the end of the experiment. MOLE supplementation did not significantly affect blood indices, except for a reduction in neutrophils and an increase in MCHC at 500 mg/kg diet (P=0.025 and 0.042, respectively). Villus height/crypt depth in the 250 mg/kg diet MOLE group was significantly higher than in the control gr...
Ahmed Abd El Samie Hassan Ali
...: justify;">Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a world wide pathogen infects a wide variety of ruminants. A random 42 field pooled calf samples were collected and inoculated simultaneously intranasal, oral and intraperitoneal into 6 New Zeeland rabbits. The rabbits were observed for 25 day, slaughtered then tissue harvests from spleen, lung, lymph nodes and intestine were pooled, homogenized; the supernatant was clarified and concentrated for second inocula...
Eman, Abo Hatab*; Hussein, HA.; El-Sabagh IM. and Saber, MS.
...mel farms suffering from diarrhea in Alexandria and Esmalia governorates. After preparation of fecal samples and inoculation on MA 104 cell line for five passages, eight isolates were successfully isolated with a clear and reproducible CPE on the inoculated cells. The isolates were identified antigenically using VP6 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) based antigens capture ELISA that able to detect any group A rotavirus. The viral RNA was extracted from the tissue c...
El-Sabagh, I.M.; Hussein, H.A.; Amer, H.M.; El-Sanousi, A.A.; Reda,I.M. and M.A. Shalaby
...e romvirus Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) strain in insect cells. The full-length DNA copies of RNA segment 9 (coding for VP7 protein) of NCDV was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector under the control of the polyhedrin promotor. A recombinant baculovirus carrying the VP7 gene was constucted through homologous recombination between the baculovirus transfer vector carrying the VP7 gene and Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcNPV). I...
M.A. Farag*, Abeer, E. Mansour* and s.M.
...e effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection and Aflatoxine BI (AFBI) on the immune response of sheep vaccinated with bivalent Foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were studied. Significant decrease in humoral immune response against the vaccine strains 01/3/93 and A/l/Egypt/2006 accompanied by protection percentage of 33% against challenged virus 01/3/93 with low values of AOD were recorded in sheep previously infected with BVDV one week before va...
A. A. El-Kholy1, S. Vilcek2 and A. M. Daoud1
Nahed A. Mohamed l, H. A. Hussein2, Fathia M. Mohamed1 and M. A. Shalaby2
H. A. Hussein1, N.A. Mohamed2, F.M. Mohamed2 and M.A. Shalaby1
Ahmed Abd El-Samie H. Ali
...: justify;">Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a worldwide pathogen infecting cattle. Eleven Holstein calves between 6-8 months of age that were seronegative to BVDV were divided into three groups (n=4 for NY-1, n=4 for 890 and n=3 control). Fibroblast cells were prepared from calves' skin biopsies by trypsin digestion. Using immunofluorescence. the percentages of infected cells and MHC antigens expression were evaluated. fibroblast and peripheral blood mon...
Ausama A. Yousif1,3, Sandy M. Watkins1, Lyle J. Braunl, David J. Hurley2 and Christopher C. L. Chase1
... strains of Bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) indicate that mixed pestivirus infections occur in vivo and that bovine cells support replication of RNA from BVDV-I and BVDV-2 (Ridpath and Bolin. 1995: Becher et al. 2001). BVDV type-specific molecular beacons were used to estimate the effect of the presence of two BVDV RNA genotypes on the RNA relative replication efficiency of each genotype by comparing Ct values obtained from the samne reaction tube in a real...
Zeynep Karapinar1* and Mehmet Özkan Timurkan2
...lected from 19 cats with diarrhea and vomiting symptoms. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples were performed. It was observed that five of the FPLV positive samples obtained were in the G3, one sample was in the G1, and one sample was in the CPV-2b group. FPV was investigated for the first time in Balıkesir province and the data of the feline parvovirus sequence was defined to Genbank. Current phylogenetic information about the FPV in ...
Sarah G. Yousef1*, Ahmed Shehta2, Hend M. El Damaty1 and Hussein A. Elsheikh3
... of body weight loss and diarrhea. The PCR targeting the insertion sequence IS900 gene revealed that 22.6% of examined cattle were positive for MAP. A rate was significantly higher in diseased older cattle than in young cattle with no symptoms of the disease. Furthermore, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that our strains (ON816021 and ON816022) were 100% identical showed complete identity with MAP-C (M. paratuberculosis of cattle origin) as Ja...
Erika P. Grijalba-Bernal*, Fernando Rodríguez-Villamizar, Martha L. Chaparro-Rodríguez, Juan C. Ovalle, Martha I. Gómez
...ives are used to prevent diarrhea episodes in weanling dairy calves and to improve animal well-being, growth, and weight gain. In this study, we developed an emulsion that offered protection over time to its four constituent anaerobic probiotic bacteria (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens B9, Streptococcus bovis C2, Fibrobacter succinogenes Fs, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens Rf). When it was stored over 6 months at 4ºC, a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of viab...
Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash
...cure digestive diseases, diarrhea, cancer, inflammation, stomachache and dysentery. About 30% plants used to cure cardiovascular diseases and ulcers. The purpose of this study is to recognize wild plants gathered for medicinal purposes by the local residents of Mandi Bahauddin and to document the common names and therapeutic uses associated with these plants....
Rafiullah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan2, Anwar Ali3, Imtiaz Ali Shah1 and Sohaib ul Hassan4
... food poisoning, causing diarrheal and emetic illness. Analysis of feed samples showed a higher level of Aflatoxin B1 in spoiled Gram and Berseem fed to camels. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that recent mortality in camels might be due to food poisoning due to Bacillus cereus intoxication (Haemorrhagic diathesis) and a higher level of Aflatoxin B1 in the feed. Dog mortality may be related to indospicine toxicity due to feeding of indigofer...
Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3
...elimination of vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, intoxication, and dehydration syndromes, normalization of the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, circulating immune complexes, the activity of alanine and aspartic aminotransferases, α-amylase in blood serum, erythrocytes, leukocytes, T- and B-lymphocytes, O-cells, and T-helpers. From this study concluded the treating sick dogs,...
Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1
...concentrate feed. Bloat, diarrhea, colds, fevers and skin diseases are common among others. Mares experience first heat at 24.02±2.61 months and conceive at 27.09±3.64 months. Foaling length, gestation interval and estrous length were recorded as 26.98±3.14 months, 11.58±0.46 months and 21.25±0.75 days respectively. Chestnut and bay are the predominant coat colors among others. Male horses have higher (p<0.05) body length,...
Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*
...tion, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and different level of dehydration were recorded as the prominent clinical signs in FPV infection. Fluid therapy (5% dextrose saline and 0.9% saline), antiemetic (ondansetron), proton pump inhibitor (pantoprazole/esomeprazole), antibiotics (ceftriaxone or metronidazole and ceftriaxone) and multivitamins were suggested as the supportive treatment of the disease. Overall, it is understood that a timely vaccination is imperative...
Hussein Jabar Jasim*, Naer Abdulbari Madlool Alkaabawi, Ali Naser Kathem
...infection in horses were diarrhea 51.4%, increased heart rate 50.27%, respiratory rate 46.37%, coughing 50%, snoring during breathing 48.55%, nasal and ocular discharge 49.27%, and rough hair coat 52.89%. Also, results of epidemiological investigation discovered that out of 138 examined horses, 75 tested positives for ascariasis, with infection rate of 54.34% depended to flotation technique. A correlation was observed between climatic conditions and the occurr...
Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2
...d respiratory signs with diarrhea in some birds without any mortality, as well as high and persistent viral shedding from 2 dpi to 10 dpi and mean antibody titer at 7 and 14 dpi (6±0.52 and 6.8±0.61 log2) respectively. The histopathological alterations do not only affect the respiratory and digestive systems; they also affect the heart, liver pancreas, and proventriculus. Also, the spleen showed severe lymphoid depletion and necrosis causing immu...
Qurat-ul-Ain1*, A. Ahmad2, Farhat Nazir Awan3, M. Rabbani1 and M. Hassan Mushtaq4
Huda Hameed Kadhim Alabbody
...ancerous lesions at 14%, diarrhea and vomiting symptoms at 10% each, the least were dental problems at 2%. Other problems such as obesity, arthritis, ear infections and skin issues were reported. The study recommends more explanation about companion animals including to encourage health practices, arrange breeding, appropriate nutrition and housing. Veterinarians can provide the best advice and awareness to animal owners. ...
Abdullah Khazal Mohsen1, Sura Emad Jassim2, Tania T. Alaridhi3, Amran M. Al-Erjan4, Qais R. Lahhob5*, Mustafa Mudhafar6,7
...e group had 14 days less diarrhea in average than the control group. Thus, on the basis of this investigation, phage treatment has an efficacy to reduce the bacterial count of E. coli O157:H7 in stool samples. It had not been very effective, but the results were still positive enough and for Er. PDi still became a stubborn germ. Future work may extend from this work to establish the potential causes of suboptimal P. multocida clearance, methods of optimizing t...
Mohammed Jawad Kadhim*, Qasim Jawad Amer
