Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5*
...cid, ellagic acid, ellagitannin, castalagin, quercetin, myricetin and syringetin etc. The review expresses the ethanomedicinal potential of this plant specie as well as its importance in modern medicines. ...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...ins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols and flavonoids etc. It is concluded that S. saligna crude extracts as well as crude saponins exhibit broad antimicrobial spectrum against various disease-causing microbes. ...
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
...s, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols, however in n-hexane fraction (HxF) only flavonoids and saponins were detected. In quantitative analysis, among all the solvents, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had highest amount of phenol (27.4 mg/g), flavonoids (15.5 mg/g) and alkaloids (3.14 mg/g), while MCE displayed maximum amount of saponins (34.3 mg/g). In the proximate analysis, nitrogen freed extract was present in higher amount (38.45±0.83 %) followe...
Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan
...es, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponin, fats and oils ...
Aamir Mushtaq1,2, Rukhsana Anwar1 and Mobasher Ahmad1,2,*
... mg of RE/g of extract), tannins (194.04 ± 1.79 mg of TAE/g of extract) and anti-oxidants (IC50 value = 59.60 µg/ml found by DPPH method) in plant extract. Higher inflexion ratio (0.25 ± 0.05), most of time spent in dark area (158.34 ± 4.88 sec), increased no of hole pokings (34.16 ± 2.01), significant (P < 0.001) elevation in superoxide dismutase (17.36 ± 0.49 U/mg), catalase (1.42 ± 0.05 U/...
Sajjad Haydar*, Zunaira Asif*, A. A. Bhatti**, Obaidullah Nadeem***, Ghulam Hussain*, Nadeem Abbas*
EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE PUNJAB TANNERY SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF DADA TANNERY
...ental compliance, during tanning process, has forced this sector to install
wastewater treatment plants to address the issue. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) of a local tanning industry. Raw wastewater showed high concentration of organic matter
and Chromium. Phosphorous concentration was found deficient for satisfactory biological treatment...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
... steroids, saponins, and tannins are moderate in abundance (other constituents such as the cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and tannins that were moderate in abundance (++). There was a dose duration dependent (p < 0.05) decrease in RBC in all the groups. There were also duration-dependent decrease in MCV values obtained in this research as against duration and dose dependent increases in MCH, and MCHC.
Bushra Baig and Saeeda Yousaf*
Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3
...nd petroleum ether while tannins were present in all the fractions. Flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids and glycosides were present in extracts at moderate to high concentrations. Methanolic fraction of mushroom proved to be bactericidal with highest % inhibition (65, 36 and 75 %) recorded at 25 mg/L concentration against all the three bacterial strains i.e., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas sp., respectively. Maximum % inhibition (about 50%) was reco...
Vishal Ambidi 1,3, Sanjeev Bantewad2, Suraj Prasad Mishra1, Anupama Hingane1 and Jagdish Jaba1*
... Whereas, total phenols, tannins, total flavonoids present in seeds showed significant negative correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being (-0.729**, - 0.650**, -0.783**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Thus genotypes with maximum pod wall thickness, high non glandular trichome density and high phenol, tannins, flavonoids content in pigeonpea genotypes showed tolerance to pod borer complex....
Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9
...>s ...
Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1
.... Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponnins and terpernoids were detected. The leaf extract had 0.415 % of alkaloids, 0.102 mg/TAEq of tannins, 0.211 mg/QEq of flavonoids and 0.360 mg/GAEq of phenolics. Phytol, oleic acids, hexadecanoic acids and octadecanoic acids were detected in the leaf extract by Gas Chomatography-Mass Spectroscopy. White blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets were some of the hematological indices incre...
Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Irkham Widiyono3*, Bambang Suwignyo4, Amado A. Angeles5
...ed to the utilization of tannin active compounds showed the effect on the reduction of methane production. Condensed tannin (CT) and hydrolyzed tannin (HT) types both play an important role in reducing methane, but CT is widely studied because of its presence which is more commonly found. The concept of tannin utilization still presents its own challenge...
Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja
Saima Rubab1,3*, Ghazala H Rizwani2, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani3, Iram Liaqat4*, Urooj Zafar5, Mahjabeen6, Farah Batool7, Noor-E- Seher3, Naveera Younas3 and Ayesha Sadiqa8
...ious phytochemicals like tannins, resin and flavonoids, observed maximally in ethanolic extract with minor quantity of alkaloids and glycosides. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of dried roots, stems, leaves and seeds provided a conclusive support to the above results. Anti-inflammatory effect was less significant (p < 0.05) in seed extract, while leaf extract displayed highly significant results both at low and high doses. Likewise, both seed...
Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1, Alaa Emara Rabee2, Moustafa Mohamed M. A. Ghandour2, Rasha Salah Mohammed3, Ahmed Mohamed. Sallam4
... of commercial Quebracho tannins extract (QT). The findings showed that the PHM and QT groups had higher (P≤0.05) mean values of sperm concentration, mass motility, sperm motility, sperm viability, and cell membrane integrity. Plasma testosterone concentration and number of red blood cells were higher (P≤0.05) in both treated groups. However alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels were reduced (...
A.A. Tanimola† and B. Fawole1
...tochemicals:
tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardenolides, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones. However, total phenol (14.3
mg/g), tannins (14.5 mg/g) and saponins (59.8 mg/g) were highest in AKY than in other aloes. Flavonoid content
(3.7 mg/g) was highest in AAR while alkaloid content was highest in AST. The infrared analyses revealed that the
Aloe species had similar functi...
SYED ZULFIQAR ALI ABIDI, HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR, SYED SHAHID ALI, & JAVED IQBAL QAZI*
...flavonoid, phenol, phlobatannine, free amino acids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, quinine, oxalic acid and steroids). Twenty one plants showed the presence of phytochemicals. The use of piscicidal property of these plants may improve the production of aquaculture by getting rid of unwanted fish species.
Key Words: Alcoholic extract, Aqueous extract, Phytochemicals, Metabolites, Plants
...
Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2
...ents and phytochemicals (tannins and saponins), including water mimosa, giant molests, and water chestnuts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swamp forages combination in the ration on the characteristics of rumen fermentability and methane production. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were A (guinea grass and concentrate, 7:3), B (guinea grass, water mimosa...
Hamdi Mayulu1*, Endang Sawitri2
...hod was used to test for tannins and total phenolics, and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method was used to assess flavonoid content. In addition, antioxidant capacity was determined with Radical Scavenging Activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and expressed with IC50 value. The data obtained were analyzed using the single factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the concent...
Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1
..., alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, essential oils, lectin, polypeptides, and polyacetylenes are present in medicinal plants. These bioactive chemicals serve as a foundation for the creation of antibiotics that are utilized to cure infectious illnesses. Allium sativum is being used traditionally since ages for many purposes. It is extensively used in numerous dishes throughout the world and due to its aromatic nature, as a fragrance and Plantago ovata is traditi...
Xiang Li1, Zhijun Zhao1, Lei Zhang2, Jinhuan He1, Fengling Li1, Jing Li1 and Chunmei Pan1*
...ugh the determination of tannin content in grape pomace residue, the nutritional value of grape pomace residue was evaluated, and the influence of feed with different grape pomace residue content on the nutrient apparent digestibility of piglets was analyzed, which provided scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of grape pomace residue and pig breeding. The results showed that grape pomace residue had a promotion effect on the nutrient a...
Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1*, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa2, Nibras Zeyad Yahya1
...l, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. The test organism was more sensitive to C. limonum compared to C. aurantium. The MICs ranged from 1.56 to 12.5mg/ml; MBCs, (3.125 - 25mg/ml) and MBC/MIC ratios (2.0-4.0). Furthermore, a time killing curve of each 4x MICs and 8x MICs concentrations of juice extract showed a distinguished bactericidal effect at 6th hr. Therefore, the use of citrus fruit juice as medicine to treat infections is supported scientifi...
Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad
...revealed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, resins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenes, and glycosides, while steroids and proteins were absent. The extract displayed antidiarrheal activity comparable to loperamide, showing a significant reduction in intestinal content volume and weight (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Prosopis farcta L. fruits demonstrated promising antidiarrheal activity, potentially due to...
Khansa Jamil1, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1, Asad Jan2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...as rich in alkaloids and tannins. Zones of inhibition around the bacterial colonies show the antibacterial activity of the plant. Extract of the targeted plant was effective against all test organisms Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas that revealed methanolic extract of medicinal plant Caralluma possesses high antimicrobial activity against E. coli. and Bacillus causing 16mm±0.53 and 12.6±0.43 while ethyl acetate solvent...
Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2
....46%), saponins (0.28%), tannins (0.95%). PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC were increased in all treatments but values were higher in bath treatment for RBC (3.0×1012/L), PCV (32.7%), Hb (10.7%). MCV, MCH and MCHC showed similar trend. Similar trends as in RBC and WBC were observed in total proteins. Liver and kidney functionality as expressed by ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and BUN exhibited no damaging effect on organs. Degenerations were observed in the hepatocytes ...
Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem*
...steroids, carbohydrates, tannins, free amino acid and protein. While the gram staining, cultural characteristics, biochemical tests, Vitek 2 system and PCR tests referred to that bacteria was E. Coli. Bacteria was susceptible to the alcoholic extract of P. oleracea and gave an inhibitory zone 14-30 mm, while 15- 37 mm for ciprofloxacin. The MIC was 32 mg/ml for the extract and 25 µg/ml for the antibiotic. The MBC was 64 mg/ml for the extract and 50 &micr...
Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3
...s, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics steroids and carbohydrates but deficient of proteins. In minimum inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested bacterial strains at25, 50 and 100 µg/ml. The methanolic crude extract of A. maritime various parts showed MIC of 37.5µg/ml for S. aureus which is gram-positive bacteria followed by 75µg/ml for P. aeruginosa, (gram negative), ...
Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Yeria Banoet, Welhelmina Wahon, Cytske Sabuna, Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu, Yanse Yane Rumlaklak, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay
...ased the crude fiber and tannins of banana peels. The level of fermented banana peels had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed intake but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion. Body weight gain and feed intake of crossbred native chickens up to eight weeks of age, fed banana peels up to 20% were not significantly different (P<0.05) with control diet.
Keywords | Banana peel, Fermentation...
Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1
...enolic compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, vitamins and lignins derived from plants acts as antioxidants. In this review article, we discussed upon history of use of plants as medicine, role of plants in viral infections, and anti-viral effects of various plants....
Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3
...uit (Flacourtia inermis) tannin extract. The study employed four control treatments (C0), treatment 1 (C1), treatment 2 (C2), and treatment 3 (C3) with sequential levels of Tomi-tomi fruit extract, namely 0, 1, 1.5, and 2% of the total weight of fish meatball. Data analysis revealed that the addition of Tomi-tomi fruit tannin extract concentration was effective in enhancing the quality of tuna fish balls. The results of the ...
ASIFA BASHIR1, AAMIR MUSHTAQ2* & TOOBA MEHBOOB3
...esence of carbohydrates, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, amino acids and proteins in crude extract with phenolic and flavonoid contents observed as 9.9 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid and 100 mg/g equivalent of rutin, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity by plant extract was observed as 68±0.33 % as compared to rutin (58±1.15 %) at concentration 2.56 mg/ml. Similarly, in vivo studies indicated that Phyllant...
Nurcholis1*, Syetiel M. Salamony1, Abdullah Baharun2
Tianhoun Denté Fidèle1,2*, Meda Nãg-Tiéro Roland2, Zabré Geneviève3, Koama Benjamin2, Kaboré Adama1, Tamboura H. Hamidou1, Bélem Adrien Marie Gaston4
...extracts showed that the tannins present were responsible for the bioactivity observed in both plant extracts. These results show that plant extracts have an effect on H. contortus and could serve as an alternative to synthetic anthelmintics. However, in vivo anthelmintic and toxicity tests should be considered in order to confirm their use by the farming community. ...
Kingsley O. Omeje1, Juliet N. Ozioko2, Amaechi L. Ogara2, Benjamin O. Ezema2* and Dilibe C. Urama3
...saponnins, alkaloids and tannins were detected in the extract with flavonoids (3.62 mg/QEq), glycosides (0.194 mg/100g), tannins (8.508mg/TAEq) and alkaloids (6.43%) were quantified. There was no sign of mortality or toxicity after the acute and chronic toxicity tests after 24 hr. Some hematological indices (red blood, white blood cells, packed cell volume, lymphocytes, neutrophil, mean cell volume) increased after the 28-da...
Mohammad Shariq Khan, Altaf Ahmad and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...It can also be used as a tanning material for curing goats and lamb skins. This natural resource is exploited on large scale to the tune of 2.2 million kg. per annum for the manufacture of ephedrine which is exported to different countries of the world and is also used in the medicines prepared by the pharmaceutical concerns of Pakistan....
Raja Walayat Hussain and M. Afzal Cheema
...bark can be used as a tanning material. Bark volume estimation will thus help in the development and utilization of this material. 683 chir pine trees constitute the basic data for these tables. ...
Abdul Aziz Khan and M. Jamil Khan
...nus roxburghii) bark tannins as and indigenous material for commercial production of vegetable tanned light and heavy-leather. Solids were prepared by extracting chir pine bark without any
treatment as well as with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% sulphitation and thin drying the extract under reduced pressure. Pickled and deli med identical pieces of sheep and goat skins were tanned with pine and imported mimosa solids for comparative studies of light leather
produ...
Zara Naeem1, Khajista Jabeen1*, Muhammad Khalid Saeed2, Sumera Iqbal1
...umarins, flavonoids, and tannins while the plant was devoid of terpenoids, phlobatannins, and glycosides. Hence it can be concluded that the methanolic leaf extract of the tested plant effectively inhibited the growth of test mycotoxigenic fungi....
Suherman Suherman1*, Muhammad Fahri Rizky1, Zaki Bahrul Fikri1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1, Zane Vincevica-Gaile2, Anwar Saeed Khan3, Erkata Yandri4,5 and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi6
...gh minerals, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. Agricultural products are still dried using conventional methods. Although, traditional drying is relatively simple, it has disadvantages such as relatively long drying time, relatively low drying quality, significant damage, and the sun’s ultraviolet rays can also damage the chemical components of dried materials. Therefore, a new drying process technology, Photovoltaic Ventilation (Solar D...
Saima Maher1*, Salma javed2*, Gul mina1, Rizwana Salam1, Farah Mukhttar1, Noureen Khan3 and Fakhra Batool3
... glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. These compounds were found to contribute to the observed anti-nematicidal activity of the plant extracts. The study concluded that the plant extracts possess significant potential as nematicidal agents based on their phytochemical composition and demonstrated activity against nematodes. The effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts against M. incognita, the research also emphasizes the need for further i...
Estrelle Anne Tacbas1, Neil Pep Dave Sumaya2 and Nanette Hope Sumaya1,3*
... saponins, steroids, and tannins in both plant crude extracts. Different developmental stages of C. elegans (i.e., 1st to 4th larval stages (L1-L4), young adult (YA) and adult nematodes) were used for in vitro anthelmintic assay, mortality, development of life stages, and reproduction of the nematode. Both plant extracts caused high mortality in the L4 stage for their LC50 and LC90 values. Notably, the crude extracts of both plants delayed the development of L...
Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo
...nins, carbohydrates, and tannins. Few toxic compounds, such as tannins in C. calothyrsus, were not at harmful levels. The ethyl acetate fraction has higher toxicity 13.34±5.78; 50.00±10.00; 100.00±0.00% and hexane as lowest 6.67±5.78; 20.00±0.00; 60.00±10.00%. Fraction from 50% Ethanol extraction has the lowest LC50 (560.63ppm). Replacement of concentrate using dried C. calothyrsus i...
Nur Anis Hashim1, Nor Hasima Mahmod1*, Abubakar Abdullahi Lema2, Lee-Hoon Ho3 and Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1
...es such as anthocyanins, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. The findings demonstrated that fresh calyx retained the highest antioxidant capacity, thus providing insights into post-harvest processing of the calyx.
...
Dedes Amertaningtyas1*, Alia Salsabilla Putri3, Nur Rohman Rizqi Pudya Permana3, Silvia Rosa Al Rahma3, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu1, Rlm. Satrio Ari Wibowo2, Ragil Yuliatmo2, Eko Nuraini2, Rischa Amalia Saleha1
Syarifah Nurul Waqiah1, Ratmawati Malaka2*, Ambo Ako2, Sadam Suliman Mohamed Yousof3, Hanif Uzwa Hasanah Sudirman4
...onins (exist/not exist), tannins (%), flavonoids (ppm), and pH on herbal sprays. The results revealed that the measurement of wound area in dairy cattle after herbal sprays at P0=0.66 cm, P1=2.22 cm, P2=0.06 cm, and P3=0.00 cm; wound drying time was faster at P0=11 days, P1=9 days, P2=8 days, and P3=5 days; and significantly faster wound healing time at P0=14 days, P1=12 days, P2=11 days, and P3=10 days. The compounds of the herbal spray, saponins at P0 = Not ...
Herna Febrianty Sianipar1,2,3, Wahyu Widoretno1, Luchman Hakim1, Rezi Rahmi Amolia4, Fatchiyah Fatchiyah1,2,5*
...s, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and quinolines. Aglaia tomentosa contains the highest total flavonoid content (23.27 ± 3.46 mg QE/g). The bioactive compounds found in Castanopsis argantea consist of caffeine and flazin. Artocarpus heterophyllus comprises Synephrine and Schinifoline while Aglaia tomentosa consists of Artoindonesianin B and 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone. The highest antioxidant was found in Artocarpus heterophyllus (4.85 &plu...
Ming-Hao Yu, Ming-Hui Gu, Xin Dai, Dao-Chen Wang and Sheng-Mei Yang*
...ms. The study found that tannins could affect the ovarian development of Brandt’s voles. However, the specific effects of tannic acid on reproduction and its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study explored the effects of tannic acid on the reproduction of Brandt’s voles. We treated female Brandt’s voles from four weeks postpartum with varying tannic acid doses (0 (control), 0.3% (low dose) or 0.6% (high dose)...
