Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...es subsequently occur in rural areas. This review lists the risks of emergence of diseases due to the on-going urbanization, with especial focus on vector-borne diseases, particularly Japanese encephalitis. It is concluded, that although the mechanisms required for an extensive human to human transmission is not present for Japanese encephalitis virus, there is evidence of urban virus transmission. Thus, considering increasing urbanization rates and intense co...
Shahid Ali, Munir Khan
...nal opportunities to the rural population and extension education to wheat producers....
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas Ullah Jan, Dawood Jan
...ticity between urban and rural households is provided using Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data from Pakistan Social and Standards Living Measurement (PSLM) 2010-11. The elasticities of interest were obtained via log-log inverse (LLI) functional form of Engel equation. The quantity and expenditure elasticities remained less than unity with reasonable differ- ence in magnitude across urban and rural households. Q...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...tion from 195 farmers in rural communities across the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale and the regression analysis. The study revealed that farmers perceived the level of accountability of extension to farmers in the study area as poor. Level of education, access to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influen...
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas-ullah Jan, Dawood Jan, Ghaffar Ali and Yousaf Hayat
...gnitude across urban and rural households. Overall, the quality elasticity turned out to be positive with an estimated value of 0.0061 and 0.2375 for wheat & wheat flour and rice & rice flour, respectively. The estimation of quality elasticity based upon income quintiles revealed that the magnitude of quality elasticity increases for rice & rice flour (0.2019 to 0.2639) while decreases for wheat & wheat flour (0.0160 to -0.0012) as household mo...
Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah
...lders and assist them in rural development. Based on study findings certain policy options has also been suggested to extend the farmer cooperative activities over different aspects of agriculture sector....
Mehreen Zaidullah and Hina Fatima
... Asian Countries and its rural population may equalize that of the urban till 2030. There are other changes as well like population growth and the wealth effects that have been observed in Pakistan. These changes can affect the consumption pattern of the people, and hence result in the food demand shifts. The current study estimates for the presence of structural shifts in the demand for food in Pakistan for the selected food groups from the Household Integrat...
Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan
...cisions of the urban and rural household in order to understand the demand for different food commodities and to determine the effects of important economic factors such as prices and income. Flexible Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to estimate food demand patterns using the Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year 2011-12. Food products are categorized into fourteen groups including milk, meat, fruits, vegetabl...
Zaheer Ahmad Qureshi and Khuram Nawaz Sadozai
...the income inequality of rural region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan. This study utilized cross sectional data of House Hold Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) collected by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics to obtain the income and expenditure level of sampled House Hold. The HIES data set of year 2011-12 for KP Province was comprised of the total of 1352 sampled House Hold. However, the sampled rural House Hold wa...
Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3
...cess availability in the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is considered a main staple food in low income households. Due to small scale farming in the province the maize growers are always in need of loan for the purchase of inputs. The present study examined the effect of ZTBL credit program on maize productivity in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this, a sample of 226 farmers was selected by employing multi stage sampling techn...
Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah
...k farm households from 6 rural Union Councils, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through face to face interviews. A composite index was constructed to measure the extent of women’s participation, and a linear regression model was used to determine factors affecting women’s involvement in livestock farming. Results reveal that women were mostly involved in almost all farming activities. The average ...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...garding agricultural and rural development of Pakistan through supervision and administration of agricultural activities. The current study was carried out to measure the level of competency of AEOs in skills regarding management of supervision and administration that is considered necessary in order to deal with farmers where a wide range of variations exists in their personalities and habits. A significant difference was reported in required and possessed co...
Abbas Ullah Jan1, Muhammad Fayaz1*, Yousaf Hayat2, Dawood Jan3 and Ghaffar Ali3
...nd quality for urban and rural households using household income and expenditure data of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) survey 2005. The log-log-inverse econometric model, representing nonlinear Engel curve relationship proved to be a valid estimation technique for fruit consumption in Pakistan. The results show that quantity elasticity with respect to income is constant for dates, grapes, guava and mango and tends to increase in all fr...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
... pox virus (APV) etc. in rural and urban areas. To mitigate these problems study was conducted by using binary mixtures of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticides i.e., bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, triazophos, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and nitrinpyr...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4
Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8
...capita net income of the rural households using statistical data of Hebei province China for the period 2000-2014.The descriptive statistical analysis, correlation test, Extend Linear Expenditure System (ELES) model, Gray relational analysis and the residual test have been used in this study.The results of the study indicates that all the rural households consumption have the increasing trend except the Engel coefficient sho...
Aneela Afzal, Tanvir Ali, Munir Ahmad, Humera Amin and Samina Saki*
...was designed to identify rural women’s participation in different agricultural activities especially crop related involvement in the district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. A multistage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 480 respondents from three tehsils of the district. The results show that a vast majority of women were illiterate, having annual family income less than one lac, living in joint family system and having small land far...
Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**
POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ow and the livelihood of rural people even hard. Soil and water conservation under such an environment could provide the foundation for agricultural and natural resource development. To develop appropriate technologies for increasing land productivity through soil and water conservation, applied research has been carried out during 2001-07 in the rainfed Pothwar area. Low cost soil and water conservation structures were developed and demonstrated in the area. ...
Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*
RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...he marketing margins and rural-urban price differences of fresh fruits and vegetables. A checklist and an open-ended questionnaire were developed and used to interview a total of 200 retailers (rural and urban), 100 producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and ...
Tabinda Qaiser*, Ayesha Tahir*, Sajida Taj* and Murad Ali*
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF APICULTURE ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PAKISTAN
...loyment creation for the rural poor people to reduce the poverty. There is a great prospect of beekeeping in Pakistan on the basis of the socioeconomic context of the country and some special features of the enterprise....
Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
...ewhat detrimental to the rural household types, who guage most of their income from agricultural business. Trade policy must be pursued keeping derivation and distributional narration in view. ...
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...rs mostly belong to poor rural society involved in this labour force to feed their families. Cotton pickers in Pakistan face some serious health related problems due to heavy use of pesticides on cotton crop. The present study was designed to investigate the problem faced by women cotton pickers and their role in household decision making. Overall 150 women cotton pickers were interviewed from Bahawalnagar, Sahiwal and Vehari districts of cotton-wheat zone of ...
Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*
ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...stems namely subsistence rural farms, small sized specialized farm and commercial farms. Four districts of Punjab (Gujranwala and Sialkot from rice-wheat zone and Chiniot and Faisalabad from mixed cropping zone) were selected for data collection and 76 red meat producers were interviewed. The results showed that commercial farms were dominated by cows while the small sized specialized farms were dominated by buffaloes. The mean age, sale price and live weight ...
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...e agro-climatic zones of rural Pakistan was also carried out. The relationship between incidence of poverty and non-farm activities is ambivalent with non-farm households being better off in regions that are less fertile. The incidence of poverty was highest amongst farm wage workers, followed by non-farm wage workers, non-farm self-employed and lastly crop cultivators. ...
Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...ditures of households in rural area of Rawalpindi tehsil. Respondents were selected randomly and data were collected through questionnaire. A multiple double log regression model was used because it has an advantage that estimated parameter can easily be explained as expendi-tures elasticity. This model is used to give details of responses in socioeconomic factors to monthly household food expenditures. Regression analysis showed that 23 % of the changes in th...
Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**
AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...tegrates agriculture and rural development with information communication technology (ICT). In developing countries such as Pakistan, economy largely depends on agriculture. Therefore, the need to move from conventional ways of farming to easy, effective and efficient smart solutions are required to minimize yield losses in crop plants. An integrated application to facilitate farmers to communicate their crop related issues directly to agriculture scientists i...
Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********
SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ruminants of subtropical rural communities in the province of Punjab during January-March, 2015. Total 59665 sera samples from apparently healthy animals were collected and screened by Rose Bengal Plate test and confirmed by Complement fixation test, respectively. After adjustment for test sensitivities and specificities accordingly, and chi square analysis of results, the true prevalence per 1000 animals in buffaloes was (7.86%), significantly (P<0.01) hig...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...; broiler (n= 152; 60%), rural poultry (n=14; 6%), domestic desi birds (n=12; 5%), pigeons (n=9; 3.6%), desi chicken (n=9; 3.6%), broiler breeder (n=3; 1%) and layer (n=2; 0.8%). Overall sero-prevalence was 53% and average range of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer (MT log2) against AIV H9 remained 7±3. Real-time PCR results showed 8.3% (42/507) of the samples were positive for viral matrix gene. Sub-typing was performed by ...
Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan
... selected from urban and rural region of Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Sampled households were interviewed face to face. An open-ended CVM question was designed to elicit households’ willingness to pay (WTP) and a linear regression analysis conducted to identify important determinants of households’ WTP. Results show that 93% of respondents are willing to pay a price premium of PKR. 14. Empirical findings reveal that socio-demog...
Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam
... classroom especially in rural areas. This research assessed how inequality in gender as it regards schooling among children affects the income as an indicator of livelihood of farming households in Kwara state, Nigeria. A sampling technique comprising of three stages was used to randomly select 200 farming households in the study area. Data were collected using questionnaire and were analyzed using the Gini-coefficient and the Ordinary Least Square method. Th...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman4
.... The current concept of rural development is linked to economic welfare of rural people. It involves uplifting of certain indicators of development and satisfying the needs of fragile groups of rural communities. This study examined socio-economic factors of rural life which contribute in economic prosperity. A list of union councils and villages in teh...
Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1
...ts on the livelihoods of rural household in the Southern Punjab, the present study was carried out in 2016 at University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha. Data were collected from randomly selected 160 rural heads of households using interview schedule. Majority (76.2%) of the respondents were young (26 to 40 years). A significant majority (76.3%) were illiterate and only 23.8% were literate (Having more than f...
Mian Azhar Ahmad1†*, Nawab Mohammad Khan2, Asmatullah3
Anatomical variations of hepatobiliary triangle in patients operated laparoscopically for gallbladder diseases from Lahore and Sahiwal
... in urban as compared to rural population with respective percentages of 66.67% and 60%. Gallbladder disease with stone was found to be much common in the age group between 31-60 years. Laparoscopic surgeons must know variant anatomy of hepatobiliary triangle to avoid intraoperative damage to blood vessels and extrahepatic biliary apparatus during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to prevent postoperative complications....
Anber Naqvi1*#, Abdul Qadir1, Adeel Mahmood2, Mehvish Mumtaz3, Iqra Aslam1, Gan Zhang4
Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maternal blood serum from selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...escending
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
releases of PCB into the environment to prevent human exposure....
towards rural population. The mean TEQ concentration of eight dioxins like PCBs
was recorded as 0.03 ng/g l.w. Analysis of Σ34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
releases of PCB into the environment to prevent human exposure....
Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2
...rganization, working for rural development, should be involved in provision of credit and livestock training facilities to rural women and encourage them to participate in livestock production and management. Access to credit will empower women in making pertinent livestock management decisions. Success of livestock venture will support rural economy and improve overall well being of every...
Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6
... the time as compared to rural households. Whereas, in qualitative terms of food insecurity, we use two food diversification measures; one is dietary diversity score and second one is share of staple food in total calories consumed by household, suggest that households dietary diversity score is good on average that is 9 out of 10 food groups and on the whole it is slightly improved from (8.8 %) to (9%) in previous 10 years. Interestingly, when we analyze the ...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
...luding two urban and two rural areas of Jamshoro and Hyderabad Districts. The selected birds were tagged with identity rings and 5-8 hosts in each locality were examined. Infestation of chewing lice on each bird was checked periodically in each month. Moreover, permanent microscopic slides of ectoparasites were prepared. During the study, three species of chewing lice were reported from Common Quail. Their population density on host body was recorded in each m...
Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...ckyard farming system in rural areas of Pakistan. The quality of meat depends upon the nutritious value, texture profile, taste and flavour. Mostly dieticians recommend rabbit meat due to low in caloric value then other traditional meats. To enhance the quality of rabbit meat oat is used as feed for rabbits, because oat is good source of dietary ingredients. In this study 2-4% oat seeds were used to investigate their dietary response. The range of oat that is ...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...is crop is also grown in rural area of Lower Dir district which play vital role in the economy of the farming community. Till today no study was arranged in this district to analyze the situation. Seeing to its importance the present study was started in 2016 and completed in2018. The major objectives of the study were to determine the factors which affect the production per acre of rice and analyze the problems and constraints faced to rice grower in the stud...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
Catherine J. Allen
... inhabitants of Sonqo, a rural Quechua-speaking community in the highlands of southern Peru, where I have carried out research since 1975. I explore notions of well-being through vocabulary drawn from Southern Peruvian Quechua, including allin kawsay (well-being), pacha (world), ayllu (community), ayni (reciprocity), uyway (nurturance), hucha (sin) and animu (individuating energy), with particular emphasis ...
Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2*
...at develop livelihood in rural area. Chi-square test results show that there is a significant relationship between monthly income and sources of income from livestock. AJKRSP had conducted training programs in different sectors regarding livestock. Livelihood of about (80%) of the sampled respondents had improved after training. Study concluded that AJKRSP has enormous effect on local community which contributed positively to livelihood of local community.&nbs...
Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
...e average, households in rural region spend more on the food items while, urban households spend more on non-food items. Expenditures on beef is noted highest for both urban and rural region followed by chicken, fish and other meat type (Eggs, Shrimps, Prawns). Empirical results show that for all the selected meat type expenditure elasticities are positive suggesting them as normal goods. The expenditure elasticities for m...
Haidar Ali1, Malik Muhammad Shafi1*, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
... to the non-farm sector (rural). This involves improving the educational level in rural areas. ...
Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz*
...tural development of the rural community. The current study was intended to investigate the effect and role of extension trainings in the improvement of main agricultural crops and vegetables in Bajaur Agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) during the year 2016-17. The study was based on primary data collected from 166 sample respondents who got training from Bajaur Area Development Program (BADP) using a well-structured interview schedule; throu...
Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi
...nerally practiced by the rural farmers. They have very little idea about breed and variety of turkey and prevention of diseases of turkey. But farmers have very little knowledge about turkey management procedure. There is no specific feeding standard for turkey. Farmers used to feed their turkey according to broiler and layer feeding manual. So, research needed to improve the status of turkey. ...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2
...e enough food, access to rural advisory (extension) services, access to financial support structures (in the form of social safety nets) and crop diversification strategies. ...
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Raza Ullah1, Aqeela Saghir3, Sohaib Usman3* and Tahira Sadaf1
...cted from 120 farmers of rural area of Faisalabad. This study calculated the extent of land fragmentation by using Simpson index. Production function was employed to estimate the impact of land fragmentation on the crop productivity. The results suggested that higher the land fragmentation of the farms, negative is the impact on the productivity. The findings of the study have important implication for formulating of efficient land use policy. ...
Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1
Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan3
...the primary dataset from rural women through face to face interviews. A women’s participation index was designed to compute the degree of women’s involvement, and a multiple linear regression model was proposed to measure factors influencing women’s participation in livestock management practices. The computed value of the mean composite index was 4.81 which showed that women farmers on average engaged for 4.81 hours per day in the livestock ...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...e small farmers into the rural off-farm sector efforts should be made. It demands better educational level in rural areas. Secondly, there should expansion in agricultural wages in rural area. ...
Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan
...lay an important role in rural areas of Pakistan. Unfortunately, most of the farm households in Pakistan still use traditional energy sources for cooking. The present study is based on choice of alternative energy sources for cooking in rural areas of district Peshawar. The main objective of the study was to examine what factors determine the choice of alternative energy sources of farm households for cooking in the study ar...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick5
... the living standards of rural societies. Therefore, in-service and pre-service training sessions should be arranged to develop and enhance the competencies of extension field staff in the area of climate change. ...
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
... a great contribution in rural agriculture, livestock and dairy sectors of Pakistan. Their help ranges from the crop and livestock production to cottage industry. The women in rural societies of Pakistan deliver many farm duties especially in the Punjab province, anterior Sindh, KP, Gilgat-Baltistan and Baluchistan. In the hilly areas men and women of the rural community use the donkeys fo...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4*
...bad, Balochistan. In the rural areas of Pakistan, farmers do not utilize all available resources efficiently. Therefore, it leads to inefficient choices which subsequently affect the production. This study evaluated determinants of rice production in the district Nasirabad, Balochistan by employing Neo-Classical and Cobb-Douglas production functions. The findings of the study show that education, fertilizers, rent, training and total area under the rice crop (...
Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed3
...various facet, series of rural/community development programs have been launched for long times. The research gap needs to be addressed is an empirical analysis of contribution of such initiatives in the welfare of masses through poverty reduction in the area. This research endeavor is designed to figure out the impact of one of such projects named as Azad Jammu and Kashmir Community Development (AJKCDP) through poverty estimation and exploring the correlates ...
Ahmad Kiani1*, Shapour Zarifian1, Hosein Kouhestani1 and Hosein Karimzadeh2
...t strategies to increase rural incomes, create new job opportunities in rural areas etc., and site selection of rural industries has led to the development goals. Agricultural industries are one type of rural industries and it’s so important in Iran because of major potential of agriculture in Iran and also other developing countries. According to ...
Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2
...ers. There were total 58 rural union councils in Faisalabad Sadar, out of which 6 were selected through simple random sampling. From each selected union council, one village was selected at random and from each selected village, 20 vegetable growers were selected randomly thus making a sample size of 120 respondents. A well-planned interview schedule was prepared for the collection of data from the selected respondents. The survey showed that major problems of...
M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4
LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...br />
especially remote rural and coastal areas. About 97% of water on earth is comprised of seawater. Desalination of
saline water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. Solar flash desalination
is one of the best desalination techniques in the developing stages. Solar energy, passive vacuu...
saline water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. Solar flash desalination
is one of the best desalination techniques in the developing stages. Solar energy, passive vacuu...
Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2
Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...tic level and supporting rural livelihoods with the provision of multiple products for consumption and sale. However, the question arises that women’s participation in livestock management has some relation to their empowerment or it is not a debatable issue. To address the issue, this research is carried out in the tribal areas of Pakistan for which data were collected from 323 randomly selected female respondents from 323 randomly selected households i...
Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz
Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...ion analysis showed that rural domicile, job experience, and higher educational level of Field Assistants have positive and significant effect on the development of their competency. Therefore, it is suggested to provide in-service training for the Field Assistants in the identified areas for the adequate acquisition of relevant skills and knowledge....
Abdul Waheed*, Asim Faraz, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
...g is an integral part of rural households everywhere in Pakistan, therefore a preliminary study was launched to highlight some aspects of this farming system prevailing in southern Punjab. For this reason data was collected from 30 households and was subjective to descriptive statistical analysis. The farmer’s family size averaged 6.4±1.6 with average monthly income of Rs. 14322.6±3026.4. These rural hous...
Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2
Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...nomic development of the rural population. Nonetheless, in Nigeria, the state of rural roads is pitiable, as the development, enhancement and provision of more rural transport systems could be a panacea for the prolonged deplorable and worsening state of rural roads in the country. This study examined the perceived effects of rur...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...s to achieve sustainable rural livelihood and improved living standards....
Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2
Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...ceived a low priority in rural areas and it is recommended that cold storage in relevant areas, vibrant roads net work and consistency in power supply for cold storage should be developed on priorities basis that will help to minimize the post harvesting losses. The judicious use of fertilizer, efficient utilization of water and support price for fruits, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds are required for the promotion of high value crops....
Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2
Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
...ulting human influx from rural areas, and are increasing demand for residential and commercial units in the suburbs. This high demand is pulling land prices and causing utilization of fertile agricultural land for residential and commercial units’ construction. Around 50% of the sampled agricultural lands were used for residential and commercial purposes. Results from HPM reveal that agricultural characteristics, such as land fertility and irrigation wat...
Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar
Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ng cottage industries in rural areas and by providing technical training to farmers for the dissemination of the latest technology and skill enhancement for growing various crops and vegetables to enhance agriculture and rural development....
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ajority (81.1 %) were of rural background, and all had received trainings of different duration. Important constraints which affected the efficiency of EFS were lack of transport, political interference in transfers, large jurisdiction area, non-participation in policy decisions, unsatisfactory pay structure, unavailability of medical facilities, low opportunity of proper in-service trainings, poor linkages of agricultural extension with research wing and low ...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...tan as well as urban and rural areas. The regional analysis indicates that the gross and net substitute impacts in urban areas are somewhat more dominant than in rural areas. It implies that urban areas household makes more substitutes relative to rural areas. These findings suggest that policy makers and public organizations should reexamine the connection between consumption, price and i...
Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1
Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
... of 600 respondents (300 rural respondents and 300 urban respondents) was randomly selected through equal distribution technique and interviewed by using structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the following key results were obtained. Most of the respondents from the study were above the 30 years of age (mature), illiteracy was high in rural area and most of the res...
Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3
Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...d scenario prevailing in rural area of district Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. This study employed a multi stage sampling technique to gather data on the socio-economic features of the farmers and available machinery. A total of 240 rural farmers were randomly selected from two local union councils of provincial government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar. The accumulated data were analysed using mean and st...
Eslam Moradi-Asl1*, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin2, Kamran Akbarzadeh3, Jafar Mohammad-Shahi4, Hajar Afshin4
... in tropical regions and rural areas where animal contact is common. Wound myiasis occurs when fly larvae infect open wounds. We describe an old male with wound myiasis by agent of Lucilia cuprina, who had a history of diabetes and also blind that reefed to hospital in 13 September and was admitted to date 18 September 2019.Larvea extracted manually from thumb finger of left foot and sent to Medical Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health, ...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...tlets among small-holder rural farming households are the main focus to improve rice production and increase the income of the farmers. Primary data were used for this study. Data were obtained using a well-designed well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to two hundred and seven (207) small-holder rural rice farming households. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. Data were analyzed using ...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
...f 77.45% respondents was rural and farming was key source of income for more than half of respondents (56.14%). Satisfaction with classroom facilities (Mean=2.47±0.67), higher grades in examination (Mean=2.39±0.77) and relevance of the coursework (Mean=2.38±0.75) learned at training institutes helped respondents to get through the recruitment process. Regression analysis affirmed that extra-curricular activities (P<0.05), being a sports...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...of government schools in rural areas. Traditional agriculture is labourintensive, provision of interest-free formal credit for the adoption of modern technologies could reduce demand for labour.
...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
... living quality. All the rural farm families residing in district Mansehra served as the population for the study. In order to have a representation of the entire population, female respondents from the study area were drawn randomly. A total sample size of the study was 110 respondents (rural female engaged in different farming activities). Data were collected through pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS. R...
Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14
...hanged with handlers and rural dwellers around the Sanctuary. Surveillance of sympatric human faecal and environmental microbiota and their resistomes at the Wildlife Sanctuary are merited to inform public health interventions and decrease ARGs dissemination....
Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*
... conducted in Bahlola, a rural Union Council of District Charsadda KPK. The study included 235 school-going children of both sex aged 5-10 years. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used for collection of data for the parameters: socio-demographics, anthropometrics, and dietary intake. Data on anthropometrics included measurement of weight, height and BMI. Age and anthropometrics (weight, height and BMI) were used for z-score calculation following WHO standards and...
Mahwish Munawar1, Xu Shiwei1, Yu Wen1 and Muhammad Luqman2*
...d to deepen insight into rural households’ food consumption system. Food consumption score and household food insecurity access score index were used for precise estimation of food consumption behaviour and food security level weekly and monthly. Food Consumption Score indicated that households are less food insecure weekly; not a single-family consumes less than required food. But when we analyze rural households&rsqu...
Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab
...-economic development of rural milk producers as milk production has a significant contribution to sustainable rural livelihoods. For this purpose, the present research was conducted to determine the socio-economic factors that influence the rural milk producers in the adoption of dairy technology. A survey was carried out in district Muzaffarabad of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by selecting 8 v...
Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2
...nt in decision making in rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)-Pakistan. Three districts namely Bannu, Swabi and Swat from KP were purposively selected and a sample size of 384 women farmers were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive analysis revealed that 305 women farmers were involved in rearing poultry. A 5 point Likert scale was used, showed that women farmers had various constraints out of which Pardah, mobility and lack of informa...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda1 and Abdul Salam2
...igures for the urban and rural areas are 40.5% and 36.7%, respectively. Households experiencing deficiency in caloric intake in Balochistan and Sindh provinces are comparatively higher. Nutritional deficiencies in terms of essential macro and micronutrients indicate that 40% of households were deficient in protein, with 58% in urban and 44% in rural areas. Micronutrient deficiency analysis shows that 22% of the survey househ...
Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1
Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon
...ed effects in scavenging rural poultry especially in Nigeria.
Aim: This cross sectional study was conducted to establish the impact of V4 thermostable ND
vaccination on rural poultry productivity using corn bran (dusa) as alternative vaccine carrier in five
Local Government Areas (LGA) in Adamawa state, Nigeria.
Method: Structured questionnaire on general knowledge, practice an...
Pukhtoon Yar1*, Salman Khan2, Du Ying1 and Muhammad Israr3
...or has greatly sustained rural livelihood. There are three various stages for the successful execution of the projects under the umbrella of CPEC. The agriculture sector would be directly or indirectly benefited from these projects, currently ongoing under CPEC. Over the last several decades the country’s agriculture sector has severely been affected, and the crisis in energy might be the prime reason responsible for this downfall. In order to achieve th...
Naveed Farah1*, Izhar Ahmad Khan1, Asif Ali Abro2, Jehanzeb Masood Cheema3 and Muhammad Luqman4*
...hanging the landscape at rural-urban interface through agricultural land conversion into urban infrastructures. The present study compares the patterns of land use changes and the resulting livelihood transformation of farmers at urban fringes in two contrasting cities of Punjab province of Pakistan. A mixed method approach was employed for data collection and at first, a longitudinal analysis of Landsat imagery of land use was done through GIS and Remote Sens...
Muhammad Yaseen*, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Umer Mehmood
...justify;">Involvement of rural youth in agricultural activities, factors hindering their involvement, and what they think about having a career in the sector have the vigor to provide us with facts about rural youth. Keeping in view the importance of rural youth in agriculture, the present study is designed to find the reasons that hinder rural youth inv...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...ard the public health of rural and urban dwellers in the study area.
...
Sohail Anjum1, Awais Ahmad1, Farzana Bibi1 and Hazrat Ali2*
...ecies has colonized both rural and urban areas and has dispersed throughout the study area. One of the most important factors for its population increase is the increased number of dumping sites in the area.
...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3
...ing poverty specifically rural community of developing countries. The present study attempts to analyze the impact of formal credit on milk production of dairy animals and household income in district Vehari of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study used simple random sampling approach for collecting primary data of 240 livestock household farmers and employed regression analysis model to estimate credit impact on household income and livestock production. An ec...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...dings, as Rawalpindi and rural Islamabad do not prepare high risk mapping during the window period.
...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...dings, as Rawalpindi and rural Islamabad do not prepare high risk mapping during the window period.
... 
