Qingzhong Yu
... of the GFP fluorescence intensity, we have concluded that the P and M junction region is the optimal insertion site for a high level of foreign gene expression by a NDV vector....
Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar
...her increase in cropping intensity and cultivated land, if innovatory irrigation and agriculture practices were adopted which can surely raise the agricultural productivity and socio economic condition of the residents....
Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
...rage activity differs in intensity in the two species. In M. tenellum repletion index was greatest during the day and M. americanum in the night.
...
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...It may be concluded that intensity of competition among larvae of B. hebetor affects adult size and development that is directly proportional to the quantity of resources available.
... 
Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das
Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
...tments in preventing the intensity of foot rot. The results revealed that minimum foot rot disease occurred where four drenching and eight sprayings of BM at monthly and fortnightly intervals respectively were applied in the 1st year. In the 2nd year, the minimum foot rot disease was recorded in the treatment where four applications of the Trichoderma preparation ha-1 at quarterly intervals were given. The maximum foot rot disease was recorded in control treat...
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...ied soil pest population intensity and spatial distribution. Often it ends up in reducing the quantum of a pesticide threatened with withdrawal. We understand Appropriate PA (Appropriate Precision Agriculture, APA) as Site-Specific Appropriate Precision Agriculture (SSAPA) applied to cropping system management with geoinformatics and agriinformatics as may be available of land, soil, including its nutrient content and availability of requisite water, meteorolo...
Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal
Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...er yield and low disease intensity was obtained from T1 (TPS whole tuber planting) followed by T4 (supervised management) but under congenial condition for a particular disease like bacterial wilt, it may not possess same result as obtained in the experiment. One of the major advantages of TPS whole tuber planting includes the lack of incipient infection of bacterial wilt pathogen in seed tuber. Therefore, it is always desirable to obtain planting tuber from r...
T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta
Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...termined for occurrence, intensity and severity of these diseases. The diseases (referred as pathogens) that were the highest and fastest during warm and wet (rainy) months were: Alternaria alternata on Polyanthes tuberosa; Alternaria alternata and Septoria chrysanthemella on Chrysanthemum indicum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria sp. on Dracaena deremensis; Alternaria sp. and Cercospora hibisci-manihotis on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Colletotrichum ...
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
...he slides were observed, intensity of staining and debris presence in samples. The debris presence was reduced (P<0.05) due to washing of semen sample. Intensity of staining increased (P<0.05) due to washing and heating during incubation in tampon solution. However, single and double washing and type of buffer did not affect the staining intensity. Higher concentration (1000µg/...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...ne strain (LBA4404). The intensity of GUS expression was also enhanced with EHA101 compared to LBA4404. The maize genetic transformation protocol developed in this study will possibly improve the efficiency to produce new transgenic maize lines expressing desirable agronomic characteristics. ...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
...ng scale (NPRS) for pain intensity, neck disability index (NDI) for functional status,goniometer for range of motion and manual muscle testing for muscle strength of neck. The subject in each group were given twelve sessions, with three sessions a week. Data were analyzed through statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) 21. The results of each group showed pre-treatment pain intensity for group 1 was 7.04+1.338 that cha...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...displays the comparative intensity of these stresses in the Neogene and Quaternary period of the Siwalik region. These stress episodes are due to the climatic, vegetational, ecological and faunal changes during these time spans. These early Miocene to Pleistocene stress events may have played a key role in evolution and speciation of the Siwalik fauna especially the mammals....
Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5
...oil porosity and tillage intensity have a strong and positive correlation with wheat grain yield. In conclusion soil moisture dynamics can be improved by combine use of no-till and glyphosate herbicide (NT + GH)while soil porosity, its productivity and wheat economical yield in rainfedagriculture can be enhance by once mould board plowing following 4 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 4 CS). However, further long term investigations are recommended tostudy the...
Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3
Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed2
...tcome measures were pain intensity measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and functional outcome measured by quick Disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. The p-values were found to be significant for VAS (0.001) and for DASH (0.000). The paired sample t-test was applied in two sub groups of group A and similarly in group-B. The values were statistically significant i.e., 0.001 for VAS, 0.000 for DASH. P-values obtained for VAS (0.0...
Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****
ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...dicinal crops in the low intensity cropping zone of Punjab. Therefore 80 respondents were taken from Karror Laal Eson and Layyah tehsil of Layyah in Punjab. Percent area allocated to Lallemantia royleana crop was comparatively higher at small farms as compared to medium and large farms. The study showed higher yield of L. royleana at large farms as compared to medium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large -1 farmers was Rs. 44175, Rs...
Habib Iqbal Javed, Ashiq Saleem, Javed Fateh, Mozammil Hussain, Naheed Akhtar and Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah*
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT MAIZE GERMPLASM
...d 10.0-22.9% damage with intensity of 2-3 in resistant germplasm. The susceptible germplasm showed 30.0-66.6% infestation with intensity of 5-8. The dead hearts in resistant and susceptible germplasm were 0.0-7.8% and 19.6-25.4%, respectively. The performance of the resistant germplasm was far better than susceptible ones. The best plants in resistant germplasm were maintained by selfing to make them more uniform for resista...
Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****
PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...iss were 0% ( 0/19). The intensity of the parasite varied from 1% to 9.2%. Among them high intensity was noted in Rhabdochona schizothoracis (9.2%) and Schizothorax labiatus....
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...cotton/wheat Punjab, low intensity Punjab, Barani Punjab, cotton/wheat Sindh, rice other Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan) were calculated for farming and non-farming households. The indices of poverty were also measured for households that only did farming, undertook farming and non-farm activities and those that did no farming in the various agro-climatic zones. Finally, incidence and severity of poverty as well as the spread of income among the poo...
Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...ated to estimate feeding intensity. Feeding intensity was estimated with logistic regression, using the same independent variables as above. Prey importance was also investigated. Prey importance was assessed using a Wilcox Rank Correlation analysis on the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) by species and life-stage. Permanova analysis showed that fish was the most important dietary item for juveniles and adults. Adults seco...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...r malaria prevalence and intensity from January to July 2015. Indoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by standard procedures within the study duration. Meteorological data on relative humidity and temperature was obtained from Centre for Basic Space Science, Nsukka, Enugu State. Overall recorded malaria prevalence at the hospitals from January to July was 72.8%. Malaria prevalence was highest in the month of July (90.3%) and least in February ...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...sp. were recovered. Mean intensity of Capillaria in A. achatina was 8.33 (5.00 – 12.00 [95% CI]) while Cosmocercoides sp. intensity in L. gracilis was 7.67 (6.00 – 11.00 [95% CI]). Diversity of parasite species in the snails assessed using diversity indices accorded A. balteata highest values for Shannon-Wiener (1.03) and Brillouin (0.90) indices with the 3 species harboured bei...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...um), to minimize the intensity of these toxicities. For this purpose, fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were randomly divided into four groups of forty eggs each. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of one group were injected with a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1.5 µg/egg) in albumin on 7th day of incubation. In another group, eggs were treated with cadmium chloride and fresh garlic juice (0.2 µg / egg) aft...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou3, Jian-hua Huang1, Qi-bin Yang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1,*
...8.0–8.3, and light intensity of 1000 lx. Results showed that food consumption and feeding intensity of the eyestalk-ablated broodstock were higher than those without eyestalk ablation. The night-time feeding intensity was 1.46-fold and 1.31-fold higher than the daytime feeding intensity in the treatment and control groups, respectively (P<...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...alue of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The levels of water-binding capacity and structural-mechanical properties of red deer meat that occurred during the course of autolysis were further confirmed by the histological changes in the meat. Specifically, it was observed that post-mortem changes were characterized by multiple destruction and disintegration of fibers in the muscular ...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
... performance like export intensity, local penetration ratio etc. were also analyzed. Average yield of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open field. The BCR was found positive at 1.07 and 1.44 for with and without casual labor respectively. Analysis suggests that this technology can improve the yield of tomato in the country and solve the demand and supply gap of Pakistan besides helping in expor...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...herefore, change in pain intensity was measured by “t” test using SPSS version 23.0.
Results: The calculated mean pain score on NPRS before treatment was 3.90 (standard deviation, 0.3038) and after treatment it was 1.65 (standard deviation, 0.8638). The calculated t-value was 12.08 (p value=0.000).
Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate that the maitland G1 and G2 spinal mobilization c...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...s designed to detect the intensity of the attraction and repulsion of nematodes to several fungi. Of the 14 fungi tested, 11 attracted root-knot nematodes, one repelled nematodes, and two were neutral. The attraction intensity was directly proportional to time and based on the nutrients provided by the nematodes. In this experiment, the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. superba, A. musiformis, Dactylella ovi...
Fazal Munsif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Arif2, Kawsar Ali3 and Ijaz Ahmad1
... increasing the cropping intensity on same field. A field experiment was carried out during the year 2015-16 at Palatoo Research Farm of Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was consisted of traditional cultivation of sugarcane both in winter season (20th September, 10th October, 30th October and 20th November) and spring season (20th February, 10th March and 30th March). Randomized complete block design was ...
Neelima Gupta
...tus (prevalence 24%, intensity 2 to 18 per fish). Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were conducted to demonstrate the surface anatomy of the worm. The worm is slender, elongated and cylindrical. The mouth is slit-like, surrounded by two lateral rows of somatic papillae, cephalic end was conical with 12 labial papillae arranged in two circles of 6 papillae each. Scanning electron microscopy on attachment structures revealed that the inner papilla...
Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1
...nditions by reducing the intensity of stress through enhancing antioxidants activities, detoxifying toxic ions, regulating the uptake of nutrients and by mediating the transport and distribution of different hormones. Caffeic acid is actively involved in plant physiology and mechanisms of stress tolerance primarily utilized by plants for the synthesis of lignin which ultimately thickened cell walls and plant become resistant to ion toxicity sodium and heavy me...
Zafar Iqbal*, Hafiza Madhia Imtiaz
Parasites of double tail goldfish, Carassius auratus L. imported to Pakistan
...actylogyrus sp. and mean intensity was 35.4. Fins of the fish also
showed high infection (68%) and mean intensity (13.82) by Gyrodactylus sp. Argulus foliaceus infection
on skin and fins was 40% and its mean intensity was found 4.2. Metacercariae of an un-identified
digenean were also found encysted on gill filaments (infection 32%, mean intens...
showed high infection (68%) and mean intensity (13.82) by Gyrodactylus sp. Argulus foliaceus infection
on skin and fins was 40% and its mean intensity was found 4.2. Metacercariae of an un-identified
digenean were also found encysted on gill filaments (infection 32%, mean intens...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
.... Therefore, the drought intensity decreased relatively in the central part for the months from August to October but it was still active. But for the months of Nov-Dec the drought conditions become intensive again in the area. The results of SPI analysis revealed that Mianwali district experienced moderate dry conditions out of all the districts for year 2000 with SPI value of -1.16 whereas Jhang experienced extreme dry conditions in same year with SPI value ...
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
...e obvious reduced in the intensity of Raman characteristic peaks at 810 cm-1, 1371 cm-1 and 1563 cm-1 in the microoperation groups (Group II and Group III). These changes of Raman characteristic peaks suggested that ICSI had influenced the metabolism of embryonic membrane lipids, membrane proteins and nucleic acids. The PCA analysis also exhibited that these three groups were well distributed in different areas. In conclusion, ...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
... locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green, violet, and blue lights. However, post-64600 lx orange light stimulation for 30, 20, and 10 min, the response intensity was the strongest. Moreover, orange light affected locusts visual responses to blue light, presenting the inhibiting effect in short time and the strengthening effect in long time to green light. On the other hands, opposing effects were recorded u...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...ed by the level of light intensity and wavelength. Increasing the stimulation time with increasing light intensity but with the same light wavelength exceeded the visual tolerance range of the insects and strengthened the visual stimulation effect. Our results also indicated that the length of exposure time was important in determining the visual response and thoracic temperature change, suggesting that these features are ke...
Shou-Hong Zhang1*, Ying Zhang1, Kun-Ming Wen2, Wei Wu3 and Wen-Yan Li3
...l group. The time-signal intensity curve (TIC) peak of liver parenchyma of rats with hepatic fibrosis was characterized by a slow wash-in –out. A correlation was found between the perfusion parameters and the stage of fibrosis. As the stage of fibrosis increased, the wash-in and -out rates decreased progressively. The use of Bio-MB+Bio-CNLP is an effective and novel vector for gene delivery in vivo. Further, we confirm that HGF represents a valid ...
Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4
Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan
...uld augment the rate and intensity of adoption by the wheat growers. ...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
... of feeding trial, color intensity and pigment concentration was measured in Carassius auratus skin. Statistical analysis of results showed non-significant differences (P<0.05) among all treatments in weight gain and FCR. Maximum color intensity 1.52±0.08 and carotene concentration in lateral and tail region, 0.4±0.01 and 0.05 ±0.02 were recorded in T3 without any harmful effect. It ...
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
...mensions. The measure of intensity of the poverty shows that 55% of the population was severely poor while the MPI value demonstrated that 54% of the population was severely poor. The regional and resource-related causes contributing to this poverty include isolation and remoteness of the area, low infrastructure, and poor access to markets and to social and communal services. The study suggests that multi-sectorial interventions and investment in terms of edu...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
Zia-Ur-Rehman1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Humayun Saleem1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1
...slamabad to estimate the intensity of the disease by calculating the disease index. The prevalence of disease was 100% in all markets of Khanna Pul, Burma Chowk, Taramri, NIH Market, Chatha Bakhtawar, I-8, I-10/2, I-10 (Markaz), Sabzi Mandi, I-9. Maximum Mean Disease Index 77.78% was found in the market of Khanna Pul which supplies the fruits to high class, middle class and poor class families. But the study reveals the importance of post-harvest handling of t...
Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem1
...slamabad to estimate the intensity of the disease by calculating the disease index. Maximum disease index was observed in Abpara and F-10 markets i.e. 21.11% with varying disease incidence and severity percentage. However, the presence of black scurf disease in the market shows that in Pakistan the consumers do not consider it as a threat, because it remains in potato peel only. ...
Khizar Azam1*, Abdul Shakoor1, Shahid Maqsood2, Muddasar Habib3, Muhammad Fahad4, Akhtar Zaib1
IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR ESTABLISHING PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARMS IN PAKISTAN USING SOLAR GEOMETRY
...tions. The Average solar intensity (I) was calculated by using solar geometry on a daily basis, which
served as the basis for annual projections. It has been found that the best location for building a solar farm is district
QilaSaifullah (I = 9.79 kWh/m2/day) in Baluchistan province. In the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, district Nowshera
(I= 8.06 kWh/m2/day), in Sindh province, district Sukkur (I = 7.9 kWh/m2/day) and in Punjab, district B...
served as the basis for annual projections. It has been found that the best location for building a solar farm is district
QilaSaifullah (I = 9.79 kWh/m2/day) in Baluchistan province. In the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, district Nowshera
(I= 8.06 kWh/m2/day), in Sindh province, district Sukkur (I = 7.9 kWh/m2/day) and in Punjab, district B...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1
CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...rials. The whole optical intensity profile in
two dimensional space of a laser beam i.e. across the beam radius and its detailed shape has been measured and it
has been demonstrated that Ti: sapphire laser system has the ability to fabricate three dimensional structures for biomedical
applications. Tissue scaffolds have been prepared with different pore sizes suitable for application in different
living tissues. Polymerisation based...
two dimensional space of a laser beam i.e. across the beam radius and its detailed shape has been measured and it
has been demonstrated that Ti: sapphire laser system has the ability to fabricate three dimensional structures for biomedical
applications. Tissue scaffolds have been prepared with different pore sizes suitable for application in different
living tissues. Polymerisation based...
Cheng Zhao1,2, Jianghong Ran2*, Bin Wang2,3, Qin Shi4 and Marwan M.A. Rashed1
... giant panda habitat use intensity and human disturbance density in the Daxiangling Mountains. The results indicated that, among multiple kinds of disturbances, roads affected the giant panda habitat use significantly. In addition, roads caused the giant panda habitat use intensity to decline sharply. The giant panda nearly stopped using the habitat when road density was more than 0.4 km/km2. Thus, road density sh...
Gulzhan Aubakirova1*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2, Assel Zhamanova2 and Aibar Akhmetov3
...estation rate was 42.8%, intensity 3-5. Most likely this is due to the presence of fish-eating birds (herons and tree frogs) and a large number of gastropods in these reservoirs. We detected isolated cases of fish infection with diplostomiasis in roach from Lake Toxumac, where IR was 12.5%. This is due to the presence of gulls and pond mollusks on this lake, which are the main links in the helminth’s life cycle. We have also identified isolated cases of ...
Babar Zahoor, Basharat Ahmad*,Riaz Aziz Minhas and Muhammad Siddique Awan
...31, and the crop raiding intensity during 2015 was significantly higher than 2013 and 2014 (χ2=376.16; df=2; p≤0.001). Among livestock (n=304), goats, sheep and cattle were reported killed between 2013 and 2015. The total estimated cost of livestock killings during 2103-2015 was $38260 and estimated cost ($25180) during 2015 was significantly different from 2013 and 2014 (χ2=19463.28; df=2; p≤0.001). During the study period ...
Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi
Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...ecies. The frequency and intensity of this disease depends on environmental and climatic factors that are mainly favored by high humidity, temperature greater than 220c, and cloudiness. The pathogen mainly persists in crop debris and occasionally in seed during the offseason. Mapping QTLs by utilizing wild varieties and landraces may be used to develop disease-resistant varieties which it is the most efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable t...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...s had a relatively small intensity of erosion (2.1 mm.yr-1) due to mean annual rainfall of 31.46 mm.yr-1 with high soil infiltration capacity value of 19.8 cm/h while the sandy clay loam soils of moderate forest lands having soil infiltration capacity value of 16.4 cm/h have mean annual erosion of 2.9 mm.yr-1due to mean annual rainfall of 31.46 mm.yr-1. The highest soil erosion (4.6 mm.yr-1) occurs at sand...
Shahid Hussain Abro1*, Mohammed N. Alghamdi2, Muhammad Sohail Hanif3, Hazim Moria2 andHamza Suharwardi1
...ffracto-meter, with high-intensity mode have been deployed in order to examine the kinetics behavior of austenitic development at CHQ steel. On several quenching experiments the austenite formed at different temperatures and time 10s, 15s, 30s, and 60sec and 800°C 710°C, 740°C, 770°C respectively. Initial microstructure for both the steel is ferrite and pearlite. AC1 temp: is assumed to be 740°C and AC3 temperature 800...
Grace Okongor, Chukwudi Njoku*, Pauline Essoka and Joel Efiong
...ealed that only sunshine intensity was a significant predictor of yam yield (p =0.011), whereas rain days (p = 0.332), rainfall volume (...
Muhammad Moosa Abro1*, Nadir Ali Birmani2 and Muhammad Bachal Bhutto3
...re is difference of mean intensity (3.66 and 4) and density (1.2 and 0.306) of Sprirocamallanus in both fishes. This subgenus is recorded for first time in Mastacembelus armatus and Oreochromis niloticus from the lower Indus river in Sindh province of Pakistan.
...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...ater level. The foraging intensity was affected by water-level fluctuations, and declined with the increase in water level.When water level is low with more available food the swans assemble into a large flock and spend more time foraging, in the meantime the vigilance value declines so as to get enough food supply. Foraging intensity is lower in deep water and higher in shallow water. The small lake could be an alternative ...
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
... Here, we compared light intensity threshold of activity in two groups of passerines, i.e. secondary cavity and non-cavity nesting. For this purpose, different species of secondary cavity and non-cavity nesting passerines were subjected to two phases of trials: in the first trial birds were released in an experimental cage and allowed them to accommodate themselves in darkness for 10 min. In the second trial we turned on the dimmer to a given lumin...
Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2
...ng optimization of light intensity under greenhouse conditions. The current study was conducted at Izhar farms (Pvt.) Ltd. under the collaboration with Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Chakwal to find out the appropriate light intensity for successful olive propagation under greenhouse conditions. The data regarding days to root initiation, number of roots, root length, days to shifting, rooted cutting percentag...
Jialiang Han1, Guohou Liu1*, Wenke Bai2,3, Qixian Zou4, Ye Cao5, Caiquan Zhou2,3*, and Guy Michael Williams6
...e found that habitat use intensity of François’ langur was positively correlated with slope and distance to roads but was negatively correlated with elevation and distance to bee-keeping locations and grazing locations. The effects of each different human disturbance type were consistently correlated with one another, except for distance to bee-keeping locations and grazing locations. Our results indicate that langurs are restricted to small areas...
Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Md. Nazrul Islam1, Md. Haydar Ali1, Mahfuza Akther1 and Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*
...ding on the duration and intensity of the infection, various changes were observed in the structures of fasciola infected cattle liver. Gross lesions of fascioliasis found in the liver were increase in the size of the organ and also there was engorgement of bile the duct with fibrosis. The infected bile ducts were also filled with blackish brown exudates giving the pipe stem appearance of the liver was noticed. In sometimes, there was roughened and thick capsu...
Vladimir Safonov
...is article examines the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and the functioning of the antioxidant defense system in pregnant and calved cows in the area with selenium favorable agrobiocenoses (Voronezh region, Russian Federation) and selenium-deficient biogeochemical province (Kirov region, Russian Federation). The LPO-AOS parameters were evaluated in 89 Black-Motley cows at the age, corresponding to 2 to 3 lactations, with mean or great live market qu...
Agha Mushtaque Ahmed*1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Imran Khatri1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano3, Qurban Ali4, Imran Ali Rajput5 and Muhammad Akbar Lashari1
... significant role in the intensity of competitive behaviours among the individuals. The courtship behaviour of brown planthopper (BPH) is followed by numbers of strides by both genders and influenced with age. In the present study, the age of male for 1-7 days and female 1-10 days was selected to observe the different parameters {male response time (MRT), male arrival time (MAT), male arresting time (MATt), number of times male extended genitalia (MEG), total ...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4,
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
... absorption index, color intensity, and sensory evaluation. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued according to Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that all formulas of analog rice produced from arrowroot starch, with the addition of seaweed pulp and spices, fulfill the chemical and physical properties of paddy rice requirements according to Indonesian National Standard No. 6128-2008. With an increasing concentration of the seaweed pu...
Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1
... rabi season the disease intensity was lower as compare to kharif season. Therefore, it is suggested that variety Advanta-1211, Lima and T-1359 should incorporated in the disease management plan. ...
Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1
...temperature and rainfall intensity). The criteria and threshold for siting Tilapia cage culture were adopted from previous studies and processes such as classification, buffering, interpolation, slope analyses, single and multiple Structured Query Languages (SQL). The analyses divulged 23 river sites that are suitable for setting up Tilapia cage culture in the State, all covering a total of 18.44 square kilometers (4.49 percent) of the water bodies in the area...
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
... increasing the cropping intensity and productivity of cropping zone due its earlier maturity and better yield....
Muhammad F Tajol Ariffin1, Chai M Hian1, Muhammad Z Sukiman1, Mohd F Ghazali1, Siti M Zainal Ariffin2*
...SCC, thus reflecting the intensity of the inflammatory response to mammary tissue.
Keywords | Acute phase proteins, Subclinical mastitis, Serum, Milk, Goats.
...
Makhamadi Abramatov1*, Abdurakhim Kuchboev2, Bakhtiyor Ruziev3 and Khumoyun Sobirov2
...dominant in terms of the intensity of infection....
Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...age and facing increased intensity of anthropogenic disturbance. Usually feeding in a large flock could provide safety by the vigilance partners through coordinated and synchronous vigilance modes. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on behavioral strategies adaptive to anthropogenic disturbances. Vigilance behavior of wintering Grus monacha was observed to assess the effect of traffic intensity on their vigilance mode at ...
Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3
...e as a criterion for the intensity of the mechanisms of antitumour surveillance in general. However due to the inhibition of gadd45g gene expression, the described expression pattern indicates an imbalance in the molecular censor systems that protect the health of the cellular genome. Evaluation of the expression levels of this spectrum of genes, especially the gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes, may be useful as an additional criterion for the differential diagno...
Syeda Batool Zehra1, Abdullah G. Arijo2, Aly Khan3, Nasira Khatoon1* and Samina Waheed1
...is used to determine the intensity of infection in relation to age and gender. This study will focus on children who are suspected of being afflicted with pinworms. The presence of adult worms or ova in the feces is required to make proper diagnosis. The swabbing of the perianal region is utilized to determine the presence of eggs in feces....
Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi
...mato and wheat), tillage intensity influenced the population density of fungivorous and free-living nematodes significantly. Long-term experiments are necessary to determine the capacity of non-pathogenic nematodes in suppression of soil-borne pathogens including the fungal and pathogenic nematodes....
Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1
...cotton/wheat Punjab, Low intensity Punjab and Rain-fed Punjab zones. The study revealed individual seroprevalence of BoHV-1 49.5% in cattle and 51.5% in buffalo. Over all prevalence in five zones of Punjab was observed as 25% in mixed Punjab to 71.25% in Rain-fed Punjab. The BoHV-1 seropositivity ranged from 30 - 60% in cattle and 20-75% in buffaloes. Age, breeds of animals and milking status were not found to be potential risk factors for the disease. Logisti...
Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4
...gation with duration and intensity of ultrasonic waves to improve functional properties of egg white, especially duck egg white.
Keywords | Ultrasound, Chicken egg white, Duck egg white, Foaming stability, Emulsification stability.
...
Quang Minh Dinh1*, Tran Thi Huyen Lam2,3, Y Thi Nha Nguyen4, Thanh Minh Nguyen1 and Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen5
...edator with high feeding intensity. The findings can supply the fundamental knowledge about the nutrient biology of Butis koilomatodon and be useful for artificial cultivating this fish....
Salma Bessalah1, Samira Jebahi2, Asim Faraz3*, Amel Raoufi2, Cem Tırınk4, Walid Dridi2, Mahmoud Daouad2, Hassib Keskes5, Touhami Khorchani1, Khaled Farah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Mohamed Hammadi1
...minution of the relative intensity for the peak of 2θ= 20.54° after 30 kGy. FTIR measurements revealed structural deformations from 5 kGy through chain scission of C–H chains as well as the deformation of the C=O carboxyl groups with increasing γ-radiation doses. The camel skin was thus proved to be a source of gelatin. Irradiation induced a structural deformation with desirable functionalities that make it a potent source of gelatin that...
Rubab Malik, Nasira Khatoon* and Samina Waheed
... 7.48% while the overall intensity was 9.62. The histopathological study revealed complete destruction of villi and crypt glands. The intestine showed heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells. Increase in apparent size of villi with blunt and pointed ends was also observed....
Öznur Özil*, Öznur Diler, Mevlüt Nazıroğlu, Aşkın Atabay
...>The study describes the intensity and histopathology of the Clinostomum complanatum infection in Garra rufa used in the health and beauty industries in foot spas for ichthyotherapy. In total of 25 examined fish specimens 56% were infected with the metacercariae of C. complanatum. The mean intensity of the infection was 27.14 cysts per host, varying between 1-75 cysts. The parasites were determined encysted in the base of t...
Yanjie Liu
...he influence of exercise intensity on human immune system under different environments. Sixty physical education students were enrolled as research objects and divided into control group (normal oxygen group), hypoxia group, and high-altitude group. Each group was given the same exercise intensity. Venous blood was collected before and after each test to determine changes in Immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), im...
Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi
...was 8-9 DPI. The maximum intensity was 11,000 oocysts per gram of feces. The first clinical sign was detected on 8 th DPI. Top of shedding occurred on 14 DPI, The patient period was 16 DPI. No clinical signs appeared on experimentally infected birds, (incubation period of 8 days). Histopathology examination of the infected ileum showed the development stages of C. meleagridis. There were significant differences between the curcumin (4.33 mg/kg/day) and paromom...
Sahar. A. Shoman1 and B. A. Othman2
...he whole TMV genome. The intensity of these RT-PCR amplified products was estimated, and it indicated relatively to the amount of the virus in the infected plant, The specificity of amplification was verified using internal primers through nested—PCR (n-PCR) to demonstrate the specificity of this technique. the n-PCR-expected product (869bp) was sequenced, and this nucleotide sequence was analyzed using a software program. Sequence analysis of the amplif...
Seharish Munawar and Nuzhat Afsar*
...specimens of Gadani. The intensity of Imposex determination was based on the presence of and psudopenis and VDS (vas deferens sequence) in imposex female individuals. Imposex remained promising onlyat Gadani where imposex intensity was found 100% in females as when compared to other three sites. Whereas 1 to 4+ Vas deferens sequence (VDS) stages were observed in imposex females. Therefore, studies revealed the presence of im...
Imran Ahmad
... adhesiveness, and color intensity. MIS concentrations at 3-5% were not easily detectable by panelists. However, 7% MIS products were more desirable to panelists than the control. Based on Textural Profile Analysis, MIS products required less force to masticate and swallow than the control. Overall, MIS has been shown to improve puree stability, desired viscosity levels, improved consistency, and a palatable product compared to control samples. The Principal C...
Yakun Ge
... and median fluorescence intensity detection. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method. Combined treatment promoted the production of ROS. The cell viability of the combined treatment group was lower than that of the control group at 24h, 48hs and 72h (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression level of E-cadherin mRNA in the combined treatment group increased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin decreased (P&...
J. Ma1, F.B. Zhang1,2, J. Li1, Z.Y. Lv1, C. Zhang1, L. Mao1 and Y. Zeng1*
...(P<0.05); The feeding intensity and food amount gradually increased from spring to winter, which may be related to the morphological structure, breeding period, special habitat, and seasonal changes of biological prey of S. dabryi....
Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1
... identified as per their intensity. It was noted that prevalence was highest in goat (80%) followed by buffalo (74%), cattle (71.27%) and sheep (68.08%). The Eimeria spp. was highest (35.27%) followed Buffallo (28.35%) and trichuris spp. 16.41%. Similarly, Ascaris spp. was higher in buffallo (56.71%) followed by cattle (12.1%). Eimeria spp. was highest in Goats (26.41%) followed by sheep (18.75%). The ascaris spp. was higher in goats (13.2 %) followed by sheep...
Mahmood Davoodi-Omam, Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi*, Jafar Fakhraei and Mehdi Changizi
...cid and feed restriction intensity on the performance and immune response of broilers. For this purpose, 540 one-day-old male broilers of Ross 308 strain were grown in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of Globacid (0, 0.5, and 1 mL/L) and three levels of feed restriction intensity (0, 10, and 20%) in a completely randomized design with 9 experimental treatments, 6 replicates with 10 chickens in each replicat...
Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*
...a. This results in a low intensity of selection and a lower increase in the growth of the next generation. This research was conducted in Gisting and Sumberejo Subdistricts, Tanggamus District and we aimed to determine the body weight and body sizes of Saburai goats doe who have single and twin birth types. Data collection was carried out on 62 Saburai goats doe in the study area. Data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed that the average body weight, b...
Ehtesham Khan, Talha Ahmed, M. Irfan Anis* and Syed Ahsan Rehman
El-Dougdoug, Kh.A. t , S.A. Ghaza12 , A.A. Mousa2, H. Fahmyj and A.R. sofy2
...so in incubation period, intensity of symptoms and response to sensitivity of woody indicator plants and differential hosts. The CPsV-EG isolates showed differences in isozymes fractions, RF value and intensity as compared with healthy plant. Results were confirmed by peroxidase activity where the level of peroxidase activity was considerably higher in ARC leaves than TB and the last TN. The total RNA content in infect...
Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud; Maher H. Hosseny and Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar
...water in a wide range of intensity-time. Axillary buds excised from electric-shocked stems or tissues immersed in electrified water, were transferred into the medium supplemented with or without ribavirin (RBV) •to examine its combination effect. With an electric shock treatments alone (5, 10 and 15 mA electric current), the replicates become PVY-free in rates53.8,72.7 and 87.5%, respectively. Simultaneous, RBV and electric shock had higher ef...
Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*
..., Worm burden, Infection intensity, Indigenous chicken
...
Oybek A.Abduganiev1, Erkinjon B.Shakarboev2*
...h; prevalence 0.7-30.0%, intensity of infection 1-72 individuals; Aidar Arnasay lake system – prevalence 0.9-27.8%, intensity of infection 1-46 individuals; Tuyabuguz reservoir – prevalence 2.1-26.6%, intensity of infection 1-38 individuals; fishing farms – prevalence 0.3-29.6%, intensity of infection 1-67 individuals; canals – pr...
Urip Rosani1*, Iman Hernaman1, Rahmat Hidayat1, Darmawan Hidayat2
...is research utilizes low-intensity ultrasonic waves of 50 kHz transmitted on rice bran mixed with rice husks with particle sizes passing 30 mesh (<0.595 mm). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between ultrasonic parameters (attenuation and velocity) and the nutrient content (crude fiber and lignin) of rice bran containing different rice husks. Based on the results of research, there is a strong relationship between ultrasonic paramet...
Jaime Vera Chang1, Arianna Torres Coronel2, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez2,3 and Frank Intriago Flor4*
... (CCAT-46-57), where the intensity of each of the attributes established for this organoleptic test was evaluated.
... 
UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR
...on conditions (microwave intensity and extraction time). A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum conditions for the maximum recovery of antioxidant components from leaf matrix. Significant effects of different extraction conditions were recorded on recovery of antioxidant components and radical scavenging potential. On the basis of results, optimum conditions for the recovery of antioxidant components from M. nigra leave have been pres...
Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6
...stand the prevalence and intensity of infection. Health programs should be suggested on personal and environmental hygiene practices. ...
Julio Adolfo Corzo-Bacallao1*, Carlos Alfredo Salas-Macías1, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez2,3, Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos1, Erika Isabel Alcívar-Muñoz1 and Henry Fabricio Baque-Loor1
...sociated with the higher intensity of incident solar radiation, although the relationship is not linear. In our results, flowering and fruiting were not affected by the level of shade, nor were their precursors, such as nodes per productive branch and productive nodes per productive branch. On the other hand, coffee plants at full sun exposure in S1, without shade, decreased chlorophyll measured in SPAD units, as a possible compensation for the increase in pho...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2
...alence of 100%, and mean intensity of 0.21 ± 4.7 parasites per host. Histopathological analysis showed the presence of slight hyperplasia and thickening of the lamellae of parasitized fish. The fish from El Coca farm showed significantly lower average sizes and weights than the fish from the other two farms, confirming the susceptibility of the smaller fish to these parasites. This is the first record of T. heterodentata for P. brachypomus...
Khalid Ali1, Asif Tanveer1, Naila Farooq2, Tasawer Abbas3*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Ishtiaq Hassan3, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid4, Anees-ul-Hussnain Shah5, Bilal Ahmad Khan4 , Ali Raza6
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
...techniques. The sampling intensity was 0.1%. The results revealed that all farmers have planted trees on their farmlands. Poplar is the main species, followed by Eucalyptus, Bakain, Ailanthus and Kikar. Though farm forestry is practiced in the area since ancient times, the modern commercial farm forestry has been started in the last three decades. Driving forces for adoption of farm forestry include inspiration from other farmers, self-initiatives and quick ec...
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
....1 ha, with the sampling intensity of 5% were laid out. The vegetation parameters were studied in square quadrats with area of 1 meter square. During data collection, the vegetation density, cover (%), relative density and species composition were determined. Secondary data regarding rehabilitation of degraded slopes were also collected. Results revealed that slope stabilization measures have significant positive effect on vegetation parameters. The statistics...
Socio economic impact of community plantation in Salarzai valley, Bajaur Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah
Kaleem Mehmood1, Sultan Muhammad2 and Altaf Hussain3
...espondents. The sampling intensity was kept as 12.5%. Major source of income in the area is farming. The plantation in the study area increases fodder production to fold for livestock for fulfilling their daily needs. Firewood is the main source of fuel. Average fire wood consumption per day per household is procured from these plantations. The trend of more firewood use is also observed after plantation. Some portion of population also obtain low quality timb...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...light fluctuation in the intensity of floods every year.
In the months of June and July, we witness floods and its resultant devastations and the havoc played with our crops and economy. Likewise, from October till February of the next year we face acute water shortage for our crops irrigation. The floods during the summer months not only destroy life and property but also result in loss of valuable water that could be stored for crops during water s...
Ghayyas Ahmad, Anwar Ali, Miskeen Ali and Irfan Akhtar
...lume considerably if the intensity of pruning is high....
G. R. Keerio
...vailability of the area, intensity of floods, availability of seed and, the allocation of funds for carrying out the operations. The success of the operation is dependent upon proper aftercare and maintenance of the regeneration area specially the protection from grazing and trampling by animals during first year.
The main objective of re-producing this paper is to refresh the senior foresters about the technique and as guideline for juniors who have...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...n slopes also reduce the intensity and frequency of floods and increase the quantity and quality of water available for agriculture during the dry season.
...
Mohammad Ayaz
...bitat. The frequency and intensity of these fires may be different in forest areas due to nature of terrain, climate, presence of dry undergrowth and nature of forest vegetation. However, no quantitative data on the occurrence and extent of forest fires in the country are available. As a result, no nation-wise strategy could be formulated to minimize and control this forest catastrophe as well as to provide primary data for national and international interest....
Mohammad Nabi and Muhammad Ullah
...rrelate its regeneration intensity with respect to slope, aspect and fuel wood collection area, and to find out the total number of sapling in Malakand Forest division of Dodonaea viscosa.
Presently 55.83% regeneration represents 'Poor regeneration' 25.83% shows 'fairly good regeneration' while 18.33% indicates 'Good to excellent regeneration'. It was estimated that there are 1, 66, 78,779 Seedling/saplings in the whole Malakand Forest Division....
Presently 55.83% regeneration represents 'Poor regeneration' 25.83% shows 'fairly good regeneration' while 18.33% indicates 'Good to excellent regeneration'. It was estimated that there are 1, 66, 78,779 Seedling/saplings in the whole Malakand Forest Division....
Udo Schickhoff Dr.
...with varying degrees
of intensity. It turns out that the dynamics of
landscape change are heavily dependent on the general
socio-economic conditions. Until the beginning of the
nineteenth century the Kaghan Valley was very thinly
populated. Substantial changes in the distribution of
forests and agricultural lands occurred in the first two
decades of British rule from 1847 to 1867. The
protective influence of the Forest Department, founded
in 1864, con...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...ies if the frequency and intensity of defoliation are controlled more closely as in this experiment. ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...ty of forest produce and intensity of management practices. Generally, tree
planting on the farmlands is financially favorable in
all localities irrespective of tree species planted on
them. On the other hand ,large block plantations on
state land, with the exception of poplar plantation in
Changa Manga, have low cost benefit ratio especially if
rental value of the land ( opportunity cost ) is
included in the financial analysis. It is suggested that
pl...
Suppression of Chir pine regeneration by Imperata cylindrical (L) P. Beauv. in Hazara Civil Division
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
...ant. Mycorrhixal growth
intensity on the seedling roots was also assessed at
different depths in the soil in each sample plot and an
attempt was made to correlate this with soil phenol
concentration. Results were inconclusive and lend no
support to the hypothesis positing allelopathic
suppression of mycorrhiza by phenols secreted by
Imperata. No recommendations for management are made, as
the problem of Imperata colonization does not appe...
M. N. Malik and M.I. Sheikh
... concomitant, though the intensity of one or the other, or the proportion thereof, depend upon several factors of land and its management. In Pakistan, being an arid/semi-arid land, and the vast plains of Indus Basin and its tributaries allowing irrigational network, the supplemental irrigation has in due course of time brought forth with intensive culture in piecemeal form patches of salt-affected soil and placement of water table at zone affecting culture o...
G. M. Khattak and Ashiq Ahmad
...und vegetation and light intensity. Better regeneration was found on steeper slopes. Poorest regeneration was associated with turf, followed by Rumex and Paeonia. More seedlings also occurred inside Skimmia and Viburnum shrubs unless they were too thick. Light intensity over plots bearing for seedlings varied from 16 to 58% of full sunlight and that over plots without fir seedlings, 63 to 100%. An area of about 2.3 ha was fe...
M. I. R. Khan
...oughout the year. Their intensity is especially high during summer months. The sand dunes not only move but also change their shape and form in the wake of severe wind storms.
Soils in the coastal belt ('Subkha') are heavily impregnated with salts and bear practically no vegetation. Sandy soils and sand dunes at higher elevations away from the coast are less saline....
Danh Mo
...reduced methane emission intensity, it is advised to maintain dietary F:C ratios between 1:3 and 2:2; however, studies on Wedelia as the forage at higher levels should continue.
Keywords | Goat, Wedelia, Forage, Concentrate, Utilization, Emission
... 
