Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...as important for disease emergence. Several of the mechanism by which urban disease emergence is promoted also increase the risks of vector-borne diseases, and the mosquito-borne Dengue virus is one of the pathogens benefitting from this. The related virus Japanese encephalitis virus is the most important cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the world, and is maintained in avian reservoirs and amplified by pigs. The occas...
H. Bruce Rinker
...th century CE marked the emergence of modern science that later accelerated especially with the emergence of ecology and evolutionary thinking. However, the strict determinism and mechanistic assumptions inherent in the physical sciences delayed unification and, thereby, contributed inadvertently to the present-day scourges of fragmentation such as human-accelerated climate change and biodepletion. A philosophia prima is now...
Maureen McKeague1, Maria C. DeRosa2*
...e, leading to the recent emergence of elegant new approaches and tools for SELEX. In this commentary, we discuss recent advancements in the selection of aptamers....
Muhammad Ashraf Khan1, Hizbullah Khan1, Abid Farid2
...oga cerealella Olive, on emergence of and para- sitism by female Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) emerged from HaNPV- treated host eggs. The percent emergence (mean) of tiny parasitoid from host eggs treated during egg, larval and pupal stages with the virus at field dose (x), 2x dose, and 0.5x dose ranged from 83.2- 87.3%, 87.1- 91.6%, and 83.7- 89.7%, respectively, relative to control eggs treated with water. The parasitism r...
Ozgur Koca
...roblem as evinced by the emergence of many militant and terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda, ISIL, Boko Haram and the escalation of sectarian violence between the Shi’a and the Sunnis in Iraq and Syria....
Yashab Tur
Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2
... host of ideas about the emergence and propagation of life on earth which, to the lay believer, seemed outright un-Godly. Marwa Elshakry, now an Associate Professor of History at Columbia University, explores the encounter of the Arab world with these and many other Western technologies and ideas in her wide-ranging Reading Darwin in Arabic through a panoramic lens, which then zooms in to focus on specific individuals. Thus we meet Free Masons, missionaries, c...
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *
...(SWN) contributed to the emergence of these lineages. In 2013 sewage contaminated water samples were collected from two sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were concentrated and inoculated into MCF-7 and RD cell lines. Isolates from MCF-7 were passaged in RD and L20B cell lines while isolates from RD cell line were passaged in L20B cell line. Subsequently, all isolates were subjected to panenterovirus 5l-UTR, partial VP1 and EV-C-3Dpol/3’-UTR PCR assays, am...
Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2
Email: y.lhor@yahoo.fr
...istribution patterns and emergence of BT can be predicted by the abundance of the Culicoides species in a specified locality so that control measures
can be implemented well in time to contain the disease spread....
can be implemented well in time to contain the disease spread....
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4
... interaction for maximum emergence, visible crop stand leading to yield and yield components. Significant differences were observed among cane portions and setts placement methods for all the traits except emergence %. Planting sources exhibited significant differences for emergence percentage. The interaction of cane portions and setts placement methods were significant except for
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4
...F) protein indicated the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of the F and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes indicated that the isolate clustered with the PPMV-1 strains recently reported from Israel within subgenotype VIb. Our findings report the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egyptian pigeons and the potential role these wild birds can play in the transmission and evolution dynamics of PPMV-1....
Moustafa Kardjadj
...rgence and re-emergence of FMD virus genotypes/lineages has been detected necessitating frequent replacement of the vaccine strains. The present review summarizes the knowledge generated in epidemiology, diagnosis and surveillance of the disease in the Maghreb countries....
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
...mers contributed to this emergence....
Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh
...tion period) and earlier emergence of first worker were found in polycarbonate box as compared to others. Similarly, colony foundation stage in polycarbonate box took 58.3 days which was about 7-10 days shorter than others box types. Early emergence of sexual were observed in polycarbonate box with maximum numbers of daughter queens and males emerged 1.7-4.0 fold higher than from cardboard and wooden material boxes. Foundati...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5
... A significantly greater emergence of IJ of S. feltiae from Galleria mellonella was observed with White traps than with modified Baermann trays. Maximum juveniles of S. feltiae emerged at 50 IJ dose followed by 100 IJ. The emergence of IJ decreased significantly at the dose of 200 IJ and then increased with 400 IJ dose. The minimum number of juveniles emerged at the dose of 200 IJ. The relationship between inoculation dose a...
Muhammad Raheel1,*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3 and Sohail Ahmed4
...ra. Time taken for first emergence of IJs from the host was shortest at 25oC i.e. 7-8 days in case of S. asiaticum and S. feltiae, while 11-13 days for H. bacteriophora and H. indica. Maximum emergence time was taken by S. feltiae at 10oC....
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...ased. The data regarding emergence, parasitism, sex ratio, tibia length, adult weight and adult longevity of parasitoid D. rapae after the application of treatments was studied and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that plant extract can be toxic to paprasitoid D. rapae. This study will help us to use those insecticide formulations, which not only kill the aphid pests but are also eco-friendly to natural enemies and our environment.
Pam D Luka, Frank N Mwiine, Bitrus Yakubu, Joseph Erume, Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez, Hermann Unger and David Shamaki
...eported to influence the emergence of genetic variation and long-term persistence of the virus in an area. Since the first report of ASF in Nigeria, periodic outbreaks have continued to occur among domestic pigs with a few incidences in wild pigs. However, to investigate the risk of a tick-domestic pig transmission cycle in Nigeria, 3,288 serum samples were collected from domestic pigs from 10 states and analysed for anti-tick antibodies using the recombinant ...
Goutam Samui and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...o end of February. Adult emergence occurred from fourth week of February and continued up to third week of March. Nymphs initially fed from midrib of leaf and then entered into the gall which they formed on the emerging vegetative buds resulting in total failure of such buds to put forth inflorescence properly. Repeated spraying without proper knowledge on the life cycle did not give good result in managing the pest. Hence, application of insecticides had to b...
Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*
...n no-mulch practice, but emergence in plastic mulching. Plants took less days to emergence (6 days) in 70% FYM, however, tasseling (45 days), silking (49 days) and physiological maturity (94 days) arrived earlier in no-fertilized plots. Tasseling, silking and maturity delayed with increasing urea N proportion in residue or plastic mulching. The days’ differences for silking across the years were apparent in residue mul...
Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1
....20cm2) and more days to emergence (9.92 and 8.98), was recorded from salinity levels of 135mM and 90mM, respectively compared with maximum germination (94.80%), tillers plant-1 (4.42), leaves plant-1 (17.45), leaf area (32.10cm2) less number of days to emergence (7.54) from control. All growth parameters were significantly improved by seed priming with CaCl2 except shoot length (cm). It is concluded that salinity stresses h...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
...rtality, pupal and adult emergence of 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura F. under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and flubendiamide were applied using diet incorporation method. Larvae were allowed to feed for 48 h. Mortality was recorded until larvae died or pupated. Second instar larvae showed more susceptibility as compared with 4th instar larvae. Maximum mortality was recorded in 2nd instar lar...
Muhammad Tariq Saeed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema2, Muhammad Shahid1, Abdul-Shakoor1, Abdul-Sattar3
... reduced the time to 50% emergence (E50), mean emergence time (MET) and emergence index (EI) of both soybean varieties. Moreover, osmo priming had no significant effect on E50, MET and EI that was at par with control. On an average, days to maturity (96.42), plant height (25.84 cm), plant population at harvest (25.22), 1000-seed weight (94.97 g), seed yield (1.71 t ha...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
... percent pupation, adult emergence and pupal weight decreased in treated populations as compared with control populations. The results of this study can be used in integrated pest management program for the management of H. armigera.
...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...ving method and seedling emergence method. The data were collected on the seed density m-2, seed frequency, diversity of weed species and relative importance value. The input and output data was also collected to find out the socioeconomic feasibility of the techniques. The comparative analysis of seed bank extraction methods revealed higher weed seeds density, weed frequency with more diversity of weed species under sieving method in comparison to ...
Muhammad Asad1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ramzan Ansar2, Ijaz Ahmad3*, Muhammad Suhaib4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5
...des were applied as post emergence with three different doses each viz:,Ally max @ 34.58, 46.11 and 23.04 g ha-1, Lihua @ 53.34, 72.4 and 36.23 g ha-1, and Wheat Star @ 370.5, 494 and 247 g ha-1 and Buctril super 60% EC @ 741, 988 and 494 ml ha-1. An untreated control and hand weeded plot was also included in the trial. Wheat variety AUR-2009 was sown as a test crop and the herbicide was applied 65 days after sowing. All herbicides were sprayed as post-
Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali
...ata analysis showed that emergence m-2 affected by varieties only. Both crop phenology (i.e. days to tasseling, silking & maturity) as well as morphology (i.e. plant height, ear height, including ear length) was affected (p<0.05)by sowing dates. Likewise, yield traits (i.e. rows per ear, grains per ear, thousand grain weight) were also adversely affected by sowing dates, which decreases both biomass and grain yield. Varieties did differ in phenology (i....
Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan
...nown critical stages (at emergence, 4 leaves, 8 leaves and tassel visible and blister) performed better as compared with other treatments applied for obtaining good return from maize crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Province, Pakistan. ...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
...atistically similar. The emergence of Steinernematids started from the 14th day and that of Heterorhabditids from the 17th day. In case of Heterorhabditids, the maximum emergence of H. bacteriophora IJ (199,894) was recorded on the 23rd day and that of H. indica on the 20th day (99,495). On the other hand, in case of Steinernematids, the maximum ...
Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik** and M. Aslam Gill***
EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, TILLAGE PRACTICES AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON WHEAT STAND ESTABLISHMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...2. On the basis of wheat emergence (m-2) and emergence rate index, wheat stand establishment was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fallow-wheat cropping system compared to maize-wheat, mungbean-wheat, and cowpea-wheat system. Tillage practices (shallow and deep) and fertilizer treatments {recommended dose of fertilizer (F); fertilizer + manure (F+FYM); manure only (FYM) and control (C)} did not show significant effect ...
Nasreen Sultana* and A.Ghaffar**
...control of pre- and post-emergence infection of L. theobromae in seedling of bottle gourd in vitro and in vivo. G. virens has been found most effective to reduce seed and root infection in vivo whereas B. subtilis performed best to reduce seed and seedling infection of bottle gourd in vitro....
Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*
Corresponding author: parvezkhaliq786@yahoo.com
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...was observed -2 that the emergence count m , maize fodder biomass, plant height, number of leaves per plant and maize fodder yield enhanced, with the application of RF+FYM. However, the effect of FYM+RF and recommended dose of fertilizer was statistically non-significant and on average basis RF+FYM treatment -1 produced higher green fodder (19971.5 kg ha ) than fodder yield of 18349.1 kg -1 ha produced by applying recommended dose of fertilizer. However, green...
Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
...l rate from egg to adult emergence of 82%, 68% and 42% at the respective temperature. The results indicate that developmental cycle of immature stages were significantly different at three different temperatures and with increasing temperature the developmental cycle decrease significantly....
Shafique Qadir Memon*, Muhamamd Safar Mirjat, Abdul Quadir Mughal** Nadeem Amjad***, Muhammad Azhar Saeed, Shabbir Kalwar, Asif Ali Mirani and Habib Iqbal Javed****
TILLAGE AND NPK EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING MAIZE IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...ant differences in maize emergence percentage, plant height, -1 grains cob , 1000-grain weight and grain yield due to tillage practices and various fertilizer levels, between tillage practices. However, the NPK @ -1 200-100-100 kg ha and deep tillage produced the highest emergence percentage, plant height, grains per cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield followed by other fertilizer levels and conventional tillage. The zero...
Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
... 1 °C. Maximum adult emergence and female ratio from parasitized eggs were 96.30% with 59.2± 5.83 female ratio at 28 ±1 °C while minimum was 51.10% with female ratio of 58.1 at 32±1 °C. The maximum developmental duration (9.6 ± 0.32 days) and adult longevity (4.3 ± 0.38 days) was at 24 ±1 °C while minimum was 7.4 ±0.36 and 2.0 ±0.56 days at 32 ± 1 °C. The results indicate that t...
Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***
POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...ral production system by emergence and convergence of several informationbased technologies for enhancing profit and reducing environmental risks. These technologies have demonstrated to provide benefits to farmers as well as reduced environmental stresses in the developed world. Present paper provides an overview of precision agriculture and examines the potentials, prospects, implications, issues and relevance of precision agricultural applications in Pakist...
Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****
ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
...rocess begin but radical emergence does not occur. A pot experiment was conducted in a green house. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soaking (hydropriming), osmo-conditioning using phosphorous (KH PO ; 2 4 -1 200 mM and 400 mM), mannitol (20 and 40 gl ), polyethylene glycol (50 and -1 -1 100 gl ), sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.2 and 0.4 gl ) and hormonal priming by salicylic acid (10 and 20 ppm). Untreated dry seeds were used as control. All the invig...
Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*
ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...lenopsis crawlers. Adult emergence rate was significantly higher when provided with S. cerealella eggs, which was more economical than that of P. solenopsis crawlers. For efficient and quality production of C. carnea in laboratory using available and inexpensive equipment to produce the healthy surplus of this predator for experiment and small holding field releases, S. cereallela is recommended as more efficient and economic host as compared to P. solenopsis....
Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...l rate from egg to adult emergence was 24.6± 0.06 days with 73% survival rate. The pre oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition periods were 9.2±1.25, 34.6±1.72 and 7.4±1.02 days, respectively. The female and male longevity was 51.2 ± 2.18 and 32.4±2.04 days respectively. The female fecundity was 384.2±21.20 eggs per female with 11.16±1.31 eggs per day per female....
Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...r use can influence weed emergence, weed persistence, weed dormancy, weed dynamics, weed growth and weed dispersion attributes. The rate, timing, type and method of fertilizer application affect biological trends of weeds. In conservation tillage systems, the interaction between fertilizers and weeds is very complex, and there are reports of positive as well as negative correlations with weed establishment. Altered physical and chemical properties of reduced-t...
Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*
EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...to evaluate pre and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in lentil. The experiment comprised eight treatments including three herbicides, manual weeding and check (no weeding). The yield was higher in manual weeding but in herbicide treatments Isoproturon as pre-emergence @ 2 kg -1 ha produced statistically at par grain yield to that of manual weeding -1 followed by Isoproturon after one month of planting @ 2 kg ha . B...
Inayat-Ur-Rahman*, Shamsher Ali**, Mukhtar Alam*, Mohammad Adnan*, Hidayat ullah*, Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shah* Mohammad Ibrahim*
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF OKRA ( L.)
...blem of slow and erratic emergence in okra, two experiments, i.e., laboratory and field were carried out during 2013. In the laboratory experiment, okra seeds were primed in PEG-8000 (polyethylene glycol) and Mannitol solutions (0, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, -2 and -2.4 Mpa osmotic potential) for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours while dry seeds were used as control. Same primed seeds were used in the field experiment. Priming proved effective in improving percent germinati...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
...lts showed that seedling emergence, wheat biomass and grain yield were statistically same under CT (83 plants m-2, 6.02 Mg ha-1, 3.32 Mg ha-1, respectively), MT (83 plants m-2, 5.90Mg ha-1, 3.26 Mg ha-1, respectively) and RT(72 plants m-2, 5.92 Mg ha-1,3.20Mg ha-1, respectively)tillage systemswith retention of crop residues,whilesignificantly lower values were re...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2
... seedlings 20 days after emergence (DAE). Water was sprayed as untreated control on maize seedlings 20 DAE. After foliar application, the plants were regularly irrigated upto one week and water stress was imposed by withholding water from half of the pots for 20 days. Data were recorded on the relative water content (RWC), proline, sugar content and transcripts abundance of Lhcb2 gene in the selected leaves. Application of CaCl2 increased the RWC, proline and ...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
...culating AIV strains and emergence of new AIV subtypes in Egypt. The wide circulation of the 2.2.1.2 subclade, carrying triple mutations (120, 129∆, I151T) associated with increased binding affinity to human receptors, is an alarming finding with public health importance.
...
Felicia NkechiEkeh*, Ifeanyi Oscar Ndimkaoha Aguzie, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu and ChukwudiebubeUgolo
...for mortality and larval emergence was made every 3 days and cumulative taking at the end of 28 days. Mortality of adult D. maculatus was higher in 8, 12 and 15% (w/w) of P. guineense and 15% (w/w) of C. annum than control. Both extracts significantly enhanced D. maculatus larval and adult mortality (p < 0.05). Larval emergence in 8, 12 and 15% (w/w) of P. guineense and C. annum w...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
...ext-align: justify;">The emergence of weeds in agricultural fields is one of the most challenging problems of humankind since the beginning of agriculture. An important part of the proper management of weeds in the paddy fields is rice postharvest weed management until land preparation for re-cultivation. In order to determine the frequency and relative cover (RC), the samples were collected from 481 fields during the growing season and 255 fields after harves...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1
...ects the germination and emergence of the young seedlings and then the growth and yield of various crops and ultimately disturbing the socioeconomics of the farming community. Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic association with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was ...
Shamsher Ali1*, Sarmad Khan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Naveed ullah4, Muhammad Rashid3 and Wiqar Ahmad1
... grown for 3 weeks after emergence. Plants growth was observed for three weeks after emergence. Statistical analysis of the data showed that both soils and varieties significantly (p<0.05) affected per cent emergence and growth. Interactions between soils and varieties were significant (p <0.05) regarding emergence and plant heights. From the inter...
Muhammad Sajid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Sohail Latif4 Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar5 and Waqas Ahmad6
...es of pendimethalin (pre-emergence) for weed control in mungbean during summer season, 2009. The treatments were: Control (weedy check), Hand weeding (30 and 45 DAS), Pendimethalin herbicide @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose), Barley W.E. @ 12 L ha-1 (20, 30, 40 and 50 DAS), Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1. The...
Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1
...ok minimum time to start emergence (3.7 days) and mean emergence time (9.6 days). In case of soil moisture condition at the time of sowing minimum time start to emergence and mean emergence time under moist field condition were (4.1 days) and (9.9 days) respectively. Final emergence count (177.3 m-2), Plant height (71....
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni4
...ext-align: justify;">The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus posed a major veterinary and public challenge worldwide. S. aureus being a highly versatile pathogen can quickly acquire resistance genes. The development of resistance in bacteria predates the era of antibiotic use. However, resistance developments in S. aureus have been reported since the early 1940-ties, when penicillin resistant S. aureus was first reported. Ever since,...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...infections. However, the emergence of carbapenemases particularly metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) in bacteria have severely mitigated the efficiency of carbapenems. MBLs producing gram-negative bacteria have been reported from various hospital settings, worldwide. However, data is lacking in Pakistan regarding their frequency particularly among GNRs. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the frequency of carbapenemase and β-lactamase producin...
Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan2
... crop phenology (days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity) and crop growth (single leaf area, leaf area index, and plant height) which resulted in different grain yield. Among hybrids DK-Garanon gave highest value for all the studied parameters as compared to others hybrids. Similarly, in K ratios higher values for the studied traits were recorded in plots which were treated with K 40% from organic (poultry manure) and 60% from inorganic (sulphate o...
Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2
...for longer period due to emergence of new rust races. However, genotypes such as Inqilab-91, Bluebird, Kenya Plume and Hope developed in early part of green revolution retained their resistance for longer period due to presence of non-specific rust resistance genes. Until now, 187 rust resistance genes (80 leaf rust, 49 stripe rust, 58 stem rust) have been described from different wheat and durum cultivars and related local species using different molecular ap...
Ali Murad Rahoo1, Tariq Mukhtar2,*, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...ignificant effect on the emergence of IJ. Significantly greater numbers of IJ both of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae emerged from large sized G. mellonella than medium and small sized and the emergence was found to be positively correlated with the size of the host. It was also observed that emergence of IJ of H. bacteriophora was significantly greater than tha...
Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3
...ficacy of different post-emergence herbicides viz. Clean wave 15 EO (Aminopyralid + fluroxypyre) @ 0.8 L ha-1, Aim 40 DF (Carfentrazone ethyl) @ 0.05 Kg ha-1, Buctril-super 60 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 0.750 L ha-1, Atlantis 3.6 WG (Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) @ 0.7 Kg ha-1, Sectril-M 40 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 1.2 L ha-1, Brominal-M 40 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 2.0 Kg ha-1 for controlling weeds in rainfed wheat. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Compl...
*Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3
INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
...and growth rate of newly emergence culms per day also showed higher vigour under the application of treatment combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard Manure (FYM)}. It was suggested that the growing of bamboo should be produced through the use of combination of chemical {50% N from urea and organic N (50% N from Farm Yard Manure)....
Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad
... 3 times of application (emergence,tillering,50% at emergence + fifty percent at tillering). Herbicide sole, weeded by hand and un weeded plots used for comparison. Results showing that concentration of sorghum and appliance point considerably increased days to heading, anthesis, physiological maturity, area of flag leaf, tillers number m-2 and spikelets per spike and decreased weed density in wheat. Sorghum extract sprayed ...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...on in pupation and adult emergence was recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, decrease in weight gain, frass production and cumulative gain in size was found when larvae were treated with integrated effect of Bb and Nit. Depending on the lethal of treatment, development duration of RPW was disturbed. Integration of Bb and Nit delays the development and diet uptake in RPW which can be used for agent of control for this cryptic insect.
...
Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1
... parameters were percent emergence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight. The results revealed that all data parameters except number of leaves were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by different levels of salinity. Irrespective of maize varieties, the percent emergence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight of Maize were reduced with linear increasing levels of salinity. Among the gen...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...rtality, pupal and adult emergence by exposing three field strains of S. litura (Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha), under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and Bt were applied using diet incorporation method. Two concentrations of a NPV based formulation (Somestar): 1x107 and 1x108 POB/ml, and three concentrations of a Bt based formulation (Dipel): viz., 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 μg/g, were applied alone and in ...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...arily, there was greater emergence of IJ of H. bacteriophora than S. feltiae in all the treatments. The mean numbers of H. bacteriophora emerging from G. mellonella larvae were 272,600 from T. molitor medium were 194,600 and in T. molitor small were 21,900. Whereas, emergence of the mean numbers of S. feltiae IJ emerging from G. mellonella were 136,000 from T. molito...
Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad
...60, 90 and 120 days post emergence were allotted to main plots, where crop was incorporated in soil at different days after emergence (DAE), this was done in previous season before sowing of wheat crop, whereas nitrogen levels as 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 were allotted to sub plots in the field where wheat crop was sown. Data were recorded on emergence m-2, days to maturity, plant he...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
...ght green at the time of emergence, but turned over to black with yellow strips after two hours of hatching, when they were placed in crowded condition. However, they remained green, when they were in solitary condition. Solitarious hoppers were passed through five nymphal stages during development into adult in field as well as in laboratory condition. Comparative morphometry revealed that in relation to previous stages 2nd and 3rd nymph...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Shafqat Saeed3, Munir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Aziz2 andMunir Ahmad4
...osition period and early emergence of the first worker in a colony was also observed at three months diapause period at diapause temperature of 1-3 ºC. Larger colony size with the highest number of workers, males and progeny queens were also observed at 1-3 ºC for three months period which suggests the importance of diapause conditions on bumblebee colony characteristics.
...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Munir Ahmad2, Shafqat Saeed3, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Muhammad Imran4 and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh4
...e-oviposition period and emergence timing of the first worker were observed best at 28 and 30 ºC. Number of workers produced in the first brood and in the total lifespan of the colony was also observed higher at 28 ºC. Higher number of progeny queens was produced at temperature treatment of 30 ºC. Therefore, 28-30 ºC temperature exposure to the post-hibernated queens was found the best for artificial rearing of B. terrestris and deve...
Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
...vaccines may lead to the emergence of new variants and, consequently, the emergence of a different evolutionary pattern of NDV in Egypt. Therefore, it is necessary to test if genotype II-based vaccines apply unique selective pressures on NDV glycoproteins and their role in changing the NDV evolution in Egypt. ...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1
...ance (519 kPa). Seedling emergence rate index (11.26 %), number of tillers/m2(372) and grain yield (2984.58 kg/ha) were also found 1.1, 1.14 and 1.00 times more under zone disc tiller drill as compared with conventional tillage emergence rate index (10.18 %), number of tillers/m2(326) and grain yield (2975.55 kg/ha) respectively. The treatment vise fuel consumption was high under conventional tillage (T10) produced significa...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...lation of COX-2 paths in emergence of cancer or in metastasis, this study shows TA has an antiproliferative and stimulating effects on apoptosis of LNCaP cells based on the dose and duration of exposure.
...
Muhammad Rehan1, Asim Aslam1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Muhammad Abid2, Shakeel Hussain3, Javeria Umber4, Ahsan Anjum1 and Altaf Hussain2*
...ure of the virus and the emergence of new strains is limiting in its diagnosis and control. Pakistan is a developing country and poultry industry is the backbone of its economy. Recent outbreaks have caused huge losses to the poultry industry. This review details the possible role and potential of some common captive and non-captive wild bird species in the spread of NDV and also its economic impact on the commercial poultry industry of Pakistan. ...
Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
...ficantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1, total yield and survival percentage. In case of dipping durations, seeds dipped for 18 hours significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit ...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1, Samia Afzal1,*, Zareen Fatima1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...rgence and re-emergence of dengue fever in previous epidemics has been documented globally, including Pakistan. We conducted a comprehensive study and compared the immunological and genomic status of dengue outbreak in Pakistan through ELISA and PCR. In this study 720 samples were collected from different diagnostic centre’s/laboratories of Pakistan for ELISA and PCR tests. Out of 703 dengue positive samples, 93.5% were anti-dengue IgM positiv...
Asad Abdullah, Muhammad Irfan Ullah*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Arshad and Muhammad Afzal
...ll diets provided. Adult emergence rate was high in cabbage (93.11%), followed by alfalfa (87.5%), sesbania (81.33%), and maize (68.44%). Fecundity was higher when fed on leaves of cabbage, alfalfa and sesbania as compared to maize and artificial diet. Number of eggs oviposited were highest on cabbage (2455.5 eggs) followed by alfalfa (1750.0 eggs) and lowest on maize (1055.6 eggs). More egg batches were found on alfalfa and sesbania. All of the biological par...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...ome difficult due to the emergence of resistance against almost all the known insecticides and fumigants. The development of resistance can be delayed by using binary combinations of insecticides. Keeping in view the importance of synergism as well as the concerns about environmental hazards and emergence of resistance against these insecticides, the current project was designed to figure out the lethal concentration (LC
Muhammad Khalid Rafique1, Rashid Mahmood1,*, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1,Imran Bodlah2 andFarid AsifShaheen2
... respectively. The queen emergence weight was slightly higher in the royal jelly added grafting than other treatments. The queen spermatheca diameter, emergence rate and mating rate were not found to be affected by the treatments and rearing interludes. Additional research is suggested and needed for clear recommendation.
...
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
...9.86±0.41 mg) and emergence (95.13±2.03%) was observed when C. carnea was provided with eggs of Sitotroga cerealella. Bervicornye brassicae was performed well than A. nerii but was found least successful as compared to eggs of S. cerealella. Both aphid species were significantly good in performance when fed to C. carnea larvae with S. cerealella eggs than their solo effect. Results depicted that mo...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1,
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
...33 (58.46~25.60) Ma, the emergence time of the suborders Grui was about 17.62 (29.76~4.15) Ma, and the emergence time of the suborders of the Ralli was about 32.18 (46.17~19.69) Ma. The origin time of Charadriiformes was about 45.44 (58.21~24.67) Ma. The origin time of the Charadrii was 44.52 Ma (52.66 ~ 23.55 Ma). The divergence time of Charadrii, Lari and Scolopaci was about 33.46 (43.44~22.92) Ma, 29.10 (40.67~16.43) Ma a...
Waseem Abbas1, Shakeel-ur-Rehman2, Abdul Rashid2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Atiq2 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3*
...s hatchability and adult emergence of the whitefly in lab condition. Two consecutive sprays were applied to assess the relative impact of different plant extracts against adult whitefly population and the disease incidence of cotton leaf curl virus disease in filed conditions. Azadirachta indica was found most effective to inhibit the egg hatchability and adult emergence as compared to other plant extracts applied in lab con...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...ents decreased the adult emergence, male and female longevity, while increased the nymphal duration. The results indicated that these entomopathogenic fungi can provide better control in combination with insecticides and can be used in integrated pest management for reducing the population density of O. hyalinipennis.
...
Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin5
...media on germination and emergence of tomato genotypes)” was conducted at National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) Islamabad, during June to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four planting medium treatments (compost, mixture, clay and sand) and six tomato genotypes (Nadir, Money Maker, Pakit, Nagina, Roma and Rio grande) with three replications. The results revealed that the combination ...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...rtality, pupation, adult emergence and egg ecluson was observed. The higher but sub-lethal dose rate of NPV with Spinosad exhibited synergistic interaction, while the rest of the combinations were found additive in all the tested populations. The results confirmed the population of S. litura from Rahim Yar Khan Region least susceptible, and that of Faisalabad highly susceptible. It may be inferred that the mixtures of the correct sub-lethal doses of Spi...
Adewumi Olubusuyi Moses1,2*, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas,1,3, Ope-Ewe Oludayo Oluwaseyi1, Ibitoye Ibipeju Henrietta1, Arowosaye Abiola Opeyemi1, Adelowo Oluwatosin Deji1 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,2,4
Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1
...ltivars, minimum days to emergence (11.14 days), days to flowering (36.76 days), days to blooming (43.86 days) while maximum seed emergence (80.43 %), numbers of leaves plant-1 (45.87), leaf area (99.87 cm2), number of fruit plant-1 (7.94), fruit weight (289.20 g), fruit volume (193.84 cm3), yield plant-1 (2.42 kg) and total yield (12.09 t ha-1) were obtained by Jaipuri cultivar. While in case of manure regimes maximum vine...
Muhammad Usman Saleem, Nadeem Iqbal, Shawaiz Iqbal*, Usama Bin Khalid, Adila Iram, Muhammad Akhter, Tahir Latif and Tahir Hussain Awan
...hline was sprayed as pre-emergence weedicide. The irrigation was repeated about 4-5 days after pre-emergence weedicide application and afterwards about 3-5 days interval till tillering phase and then 5-7 days interval till crop maturity. The overall results indicated that paddy yield was 20% higher under DSR as compared to TPR. Moreover, during 2017 in Punjab Province, Pakistan, more than 2500 farmers cultivated rice using D...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...end, due to the possible emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. The bacteria was responsible for the disease outbreak that caused massive mortality of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in 2016. We isolated the pathogenic bacteria (HNM-1) from the infected A. sinensis and identified its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Virulence and pathogenesis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal...
Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal
... significantly increased emergence (9.6%), delayed heading (2.1%) and maturity (2.4%), increased leaves and leaf area tiller-1 (6.8 and 4.1%), increased LAI (9.6%), increased height (3.5%), enhanced crop growth rate (CGR) (8.6%) and increased chlorophyll a and b (9.8% and 8.5%). BM application significantly increased emergence (6.1%), delayed heading (2.3%) and maturity (3.04%), increased leaves and leaf area tiller-1 (9.1 a...
Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy2
... also observed for adult emergence for a period of 45 days. More than 90% reduction in adult emergence was recorded at concentrations of 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Conversely, the highest number of adults emerged at a dosage of 100 mg/Kg and in the control, i.e. 114.67±7.42 and 143.33±11.66 adults, respectively. The present study proposed that DE might potentially be effective in controlling S. granarius based on its...
Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1
...n seed rate improved the emergence (plants per m2), number of productive tillers per m2 and grain yield (3-7%) of all wheat varieties although productive tillers per plant, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight was decreased. Faislabad-08 performed better regarding grain yield and related components among all varieties. Seed rate and varieties did not interact significantly for studied traits. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was posit...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...t; 0.001) and less adult emergence rates in the selected cell. The cyhalothrin was also found statistically significant and affecting the honey bees at egg hatching (decreased egg hatching as compared to control) and pupation (less pupation as compared to the control) stages and less toxic at day to adult emergence and day to pupation. While the emamectin benzoate was found affecting on egg hatching with average (0.71) and a...
Anjum and Ahmad Khan*
Phenology, Crop Stand and Biomass of Wheat in Response to Farmyard Manure and Soil Amendments
... (154 days) and enhanced emergence (9 days) were observed with 20 Mg FYM ha-1. The emergence m-2 (126), leaf area tiller-1 (107 cm2), plant height (96.5 cm) and biomass (11783 kg ha-1) were improved with 20 Mg FYM but were non-significantly different from plots having 15 Mg FYM ha-1 over two years averaged data. Among the amendments, greater days to anthesis (126 days) and physiological maturity (154 days) was noted with eff...
Inamullah Khan1*, Amjad Usman2 and Rahamdad Khan2
The Mortality Rate of Pupae and Adult of Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Affected by Different Submerging Time and Soil Types under the Laboratory Treatment
...on mortality and rate of emergence of fruit flies pupae to adult stage. Pupae of Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett at different ages by hour i.e., 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 (hrs) were submerged underwater for (1 and 24 hrs). The rate of pupal emergence to adult stage and mortality was investigated. Results showed that emergence and mortality of B. cucurbitae was significantly affected by both s...
Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Adnan Bashir1, Wardah Muzaffer2, Naeem Faisal1, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Sami Ullah1
...November 01) had maximum emergence which decreased gradually with delayed sowing. Tillers m-2, grain weight, grains per spike and yield of all varieties was greater on November 15 sowing and decreased by sowing afterwards (November 30 - December 15). Although Lasani-08 and Punjab-11 both were high yielders but grain yield of AARI-11 was least affected by sowing time. Linear regression revealed that sowing time manifested negative relations with
Maryam Yousaf1, Naveed Shahzad2, Zeeshan Mutahir1 and Moazzam Ali1*
...cytic Rab GTPase, in the emergence of drug resistance is not known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of Rab21 in MRP-1, drug efflux pump, mediated resistance in prostate cancer cells. Drug sensitive (PC-3/Wt) and epirubicin resistant (PC-3/Res) prostate cancer cell lines were used in this study. Our data revealed that PC-3/Res cells had high expression of MRP-1 mRNA and protein in comparison with PC-3/Wt cells. MRP-1 was found distributed between in...
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
...ber of follicles at wave emergence during second (2.85±0.26 versus 1.77±0.14; P<0.01) and third wave (2.57±0.2 versus 2.0±0.16; P<0.05), along with shorter persistence of dominant follicle (DF, 9.25±0.45 versus 12.02±0.44, P<0.001) and early attainment of DF during first three waves was observed during B compared to the NB season. Whereas, significantly higher maximum diameter of DF (7.66±0.10 versus 7....
Shahid Nadeem1*, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Adnan Younis2 and Iram Fatima3
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus
...eover, the days to spike emergence, days to bud color and days to floret open were decreased (96.47, 101.20 and 105.77 respectively) with 1.75mM salicylic acid. However, the results showed the positive impact of GA3 and SA on vegetative as well as floral physiognomies of gladiolus plants....
Muhammad Nazar1, Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub2, Mujahid Ali3*, Malik Abdul Rehman4, Shoib ur Rehman5 and Saqib Ayyub2
Amelioration of Thermo-Tolerance Ability in Spinacia oleracea L. Cultivars by Foliar Application of Chitosan
...n after four weeks after emergence 40/32°C (day/night temperature) was given by gradually enhancing 2°C per day. After one week of heat stress (40/32°C), four treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 ppm) of chitosan were applied as a foliar spray on spinach cultivars in comparison to control (non-treated with chitosan). The research findings evidenced that foliar application of chitosan significantly affected attributes under heat stress. All Pure Green was af...
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
...: small;">The increasing emergence of wildlife diseases with the possibility to ecological threats as well as domestic animals and human health has prompted the importance of understanding disease dynamics and associated risks in biological conservation. The present study was undertaken from North Eastern part of India from January, 2017 to March, 2018 to identify and molecularly characterize Plasmodium relictum based on cyt b gene in various spe...
Ye Ge1,2,3, Qiucheng Yao1, Hongliang Chai3, Yuping Hua3* and Guohua Deng2*
...unities for mutation and emergence of novel influenza viruses. Additional studies of AIVs originating from wild birds will help to determine viral adaptation and maintenance in alternative hosts.
...
Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1
Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...83.6 %), minimum days to emergence (9.1), tallest plant height (41 cm), yield of leaves plant-1 (14.4), leaf area (295.8 cm2), root length (20.6 cm), root weight in g (522.4) root diameter in cm (4.51), and total yield (23.8 tones ha-1) were obtained when seeds were soaked in DAP solution. In case of storage duration, The maximum germination percentage (82.5 %), survival percentage (84.4 %), plant height (43.7cm), ), total yield of leaves plant-1 (14.2 g), are...
Tofique Ahmed Bhutto1, Mahmooda Buriro1, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2, Safdar Ali Wahocho2, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro3*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Reema Vistro1, Fehmeeda Abbasi1, Sanam Kumbhar1, Fateh Muhammad Shawani4 and Nadar Hussain Khokhar5
Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars for Growth and Yield Traits under Agro-Ecological Condition of Tandojam
...etative traits viz; seed emergence (m-2), tillers plant-1, plant height (cm) and biological yield (kg ha-1). However, TD-1 proved to superiority in yield-related contributes such as spike length (cm), spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight (g), and grain yield (kg ha-1) under both seasons. Among all cultivars, Imdad-2005 revealed the lowest values for all the scored traits. Based on the finding of the current study, it is concluded that the wheat...
Muhammad Muhsin1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3,Sadia Khan4, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Zubair Amin6, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub7, Usman Anwar8, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1*
...o low temperature during emergence and early growth. Seed size has an appreciable potential to improve stand establishment, growth, and yield under late sowing conditions. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the impact of diverse seed sizes (SS) on the growth and yield of wheat crop under late sowing conditions. The study was comprised of different sowing dates (SD), SD1: 15th December, SD2: and 30th...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
...early phenology (days to emergence (11.5 days), booting (105 days), anthesis (116 days), and physiological maturity (155 days) whereas, DT delayed the phenological events. Among nitrogen ratios sole use of urea had delayed booting (108.1 days), anthesis (122.9 days) and physiological maturity (162.5 days) stages, whereas different ratios of Urea, FYM and PM resulted in early phenological observations. The use of urea, FYM and PM (33.33% each) had produced more...
Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3
...tion (2.96) and seedling emergence (12.96). The seeds scarified for 90 min gave maximum plant emergence percentage (97.78%). The seeds sown on 14th April gave minimum days to germination (9.03) and seedling emergence (18.38), but also gave maximum plant emergence percentage (85.83%), plant height (22.63 cm), number of leaves (28.34), leaf area (7.13 cm2)...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
...hibited maximum seedling emergence, chlorophyll content, leaves per plant, grain yield and oil content hence recommended to be included in future breeding programs of sunflower.
...
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3, Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
Shaista Shafi* and Amjad Farooq
... of planting date on the emergence of aphids in different species of brassica at Agricultural College of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab (Pakistan) during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Four brassica species (B. carinata, B. rapa, B. napus and B. juncea) were seeded from October to November at different dates (Octo 20, Nov 05, Nov 20) in RCBD design (Randomized Complete Block Design) with standard cultivation procedures to detect the effect of sowing da...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4
...upation. After the adult emergence fruit fly species were identified based on diagnostic morphological features and placed in separate cages. Different fruits such as guava, apple, fig, banana and citrus were exposed to Bactrocera zonata for oviposition. Fruits were placed in cage to assess the host preference for oviposition fruits having equal weight (500g). Fifty pairs of 11-12 days old adult of B. zonata were released in cage for 24h to determine their ovi...
Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3
...ortant for screening the emergence of new variant strains as well as evaluating the existing vaccination programs....
Dina A. Abdulrahman1, Ayman H. EL-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shaheen1 & Hussein A. Hussein2
...still endemic. Moreover, emergence of new strains is possible
through the international borders of the endemic countries. Consequently, there is a dire need for
routine molecular characterization of the circulating FMDV strains to ensure the rapid detection of any
new or mutant strains and update the used vaccine accordingly.
Methods: Twelve epithelial samples were collected from cattle showing signs suspecting o...
Syed Ismat Hussain1, Khalid Mehmood2, Mudassar Khaliq3, Habib Anwar1, Syed Muhammad Zaka4, Ateeq ur Rehman5*, Muhammad Shahid6, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi5*, Ummad ud Din Umar5 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar7
...sh hold time of start of emergence of 1st generation and its 50% emergence....
Arbab Zubair Ahmad1, Farman Ullah1, Hayat Badshah2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1* and Bashir Ahmad1
...the basis of total adult emergence, egg laying ability, developmental time of S. cerealella and enhancing parasitism along with sex ratio of T. chilonis raised on eggs from moths reared on cereals. The response of cereals to S. cerealella in no choice test revealed significantly greater adult emergence (18.9±12.6) and egg laying efficiency (82.2±6.8 eggs/female) with shortest developmental time (27.6±0.6...
Aqsa Shahid1, Saima Muzammil1, Farhan Rasheed2,Bilal Aslam1, Muhammad Akhtar Ali3, Syed Zohaib Haider4, Masroor Ellahi Babar4, Muhammad Saeed1, Umair Waqas1 and Mohsin Khurshid1,*
...obal concern. The recent emergence of 16S rRNA methylases particularly armA is associated with a high-level resistance to the routinely used aminoglycosides in clinical settings. The current study aimed to screen the armA genes among the A. baumannii isolates collected from clinical specimens at the tertiary care hospitals of Lahore and Faisalabad,Pakistan. A total of 148 A. baumannii isolates were collected. The initial identificat...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3
... clearly shows that pest emergence increase with peak season of host and ecology of field. This research work indicated about pest alarming occurrence time, correlation of environmental factors and suggesting future pest management strategies for controlling Pest.
... 
Sonam Khatri1, Shaheen Faizi2, Shahina Fayyaz1 and Erum Iqbal1*
...reatly devastated by the emergence of phytonematodes triggering huge yield losses worldwide. Traditionally, synthetic chemicals are widely and commonly used to combat nematode pests; however, the chemical poses negative impact on environment and biodiversity which create urgency in development of an alternative biosafe measure to control these pests. In this regards, researchers have focused on the use of phytopesticides which are eco-friendly and easily acces...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi
...tcome in yield. However, emergence of resistant nematode strains and health hazards are associated with the ceaseless use of the synthetics. The efficacy of furfural (2-furanaldehyde) from agricultural biomass waste was examined as a practicable replacement to the regular synthetic nematicide. Agricultural wastes were collected and refluxed with hydrochloric acid to produce furfural. Growth response of sugarcane plants increased significantly (p=0.05) with the...
Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1
...hibition of flies’ emergence. Blends from fungi and essential oils exhibited synergistic effect but fungi mixture produced antagonistic effect. The development of M. domestica larvae was affected by sublethal dose from fungi. In conclusion, M. anisopliae is more efficient than B. bassiana and could be easily mixed with essential oils to either enhance larvicidal activity or utilize in integrated pest management. Furthermore, research on field evaluation ...
Zaniar A. Abas1, Mohammed Omer Baba Sheikh2,5*, Hardi N. Aziz3, Omed I. Abid4
...scovered, indicating the emergence of CPV-2c variation in Iraq. Genetic differentiation study based on the genetic variation on the VP2 gene has shown that (CPV-2/Sul) strain belongs to new CPV-2b and CPV-2c, however, the (CPV-2/Erbil & CPV-2/krk) strains belong to new CPV-2a. A Phylogenetic tree constructed basis on the VP2 gene revealed that the field virus sequences from the present study were divided into two main phylogenetic groups (cluster A a...
Rabia Goher, Inamullah and Mohammad Akmal*
...cross genotypes, days to emergence, heading, anthesis, and maturity did differ (p<0.05) in various AE, with highest in higher altitudes and lowest in the plains area. Genotypes differed in crop developmental stages with mild to marked effects on tiller height, spike length, spike weight and unit grain weight, which has resulted in significant changes (p<0.05) for biomass and grain yield. Harvest indices did differ for AE among genotypes. Based on the exp...
Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2
...f pupal weight and adult emergence of B. dorsalis by 4% extracts of A. indica, A. sativum and C. aurantifolia. Moreover, a significantly higher male to female adult sex ratio was observed in case of A. indica treatment. It is concluded from overall study results that the extracts of A. indica and C. aurantifolia exhibited significant anti-insect effects on the pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and male to female ...
Amreen Zahra1*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2, Hasnain Javed3, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...emphasizes on the sudden emergence of circulating HIV-1 subtypes and its deadly drug resistant variants in Pakistan in the recent years. However, such molecular approaches in developing nations like Pakistan, will pave favourable strategies for advanced drug design, diagnostic assays and antiretroviral regimen therapies....
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
...ns nymph survival, adult emergence and survival, while the phosphorus induced a non-significant effect. Therefore, in the absence of N. lugens resistant variety, ecological manipulation and nutrients availability could be a better strategy for short-term N. lugens management in organic rice production....
Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Imran Khan1, Athar Mahmood1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Ambreen Fatima4, Muhammad Iqbal5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Faran Muhammad7, Muhammad Talha Aslam1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1
... The maximum time to 50% emergence (T50), and mean emergence time (MET) and minimum germination percentage (GP) and emergence index (EI) was recorded when high level of salt stress (12 dsm-1) was imposed, while minimum, T50, and MET and maximum GGP and EI was observed under control conditions. Cultivar Bhaker-2011 took less, T50, and MET and had maximum GP and EI while cultivar NAIB-2016 t...
Caiyun Ma1, Hebao Wen1, Lu Li2, Gaofeng Liu1, Chunjing Wang1, Yu Guo1, Shiji Fang1, Hongyu Wang1* and Changqing Liu1*
...rst study to capture the emergence of Tibetan mastiff-derived CSPCs. Our study aimed to unveil the biological properties and differentiation multipotency of CSPCs. CSPCs were characterized by the clonogenicity, growth curves and karyotype analysis, respectively. The results showed that the CSPCs of Tibetan mastiff displayed self-renewal ability, proliferative potential, and hereditary stability. Moreover, the CSPCs of Tibetan mastiff also positively expressed ...
Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1
...ease of insects. Data of emergence F1 adults were observed after 30 days of storage. At this time percent weight loss and Seed viability was also analyzed. The Same data were observed after two- and three-month storage period. The results revealed that all the varieties/lines differed significantly from one another for percent weight loss and viability. On the basis of percent weight loss, the variety Bittal-2016 was found to be the most susceptible. Whereas t...
Kanwal Hanif1, Dilbar Hussain1, Qurban Ali1, Asad Aslam1*, Tamsila Nazir1, Muhammad Saleem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Muhammad Zubair2, Najuf Awais Anjum3 and Muhammad Umar Qasim1
...against T. chilonis with emergence percentage while in the case of survival of T. chiloniswasps, the results revealed that Pyriproxyfen and Nitenpyram had less knockdown effect as compared to other insecticides while Lufenuron was most toxic at 4 h post treatment and at 24 h all the insecticides were equally toxic to the parasitoid at adult stage....
Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1
... group IV and V. Highest emergence (33.7 m-2) was noticed for ICSA220XICSR90, highest leaves per plant (11.68) were reported of hybrid combination ICSA220XICSR90, maximum leaf to stem ratios (0.02) was recorded for hybrid combinations ICSA233XICSR90, high stem weight (327g) was recorded for hybrid combination ICSA216XICSR-1, maximum days to 50% flowering (77) was recorded for hybrid combination ICSA88019XICSR93012,excellentcrop stand depicted by hybrid combina...
Maize Yield Performance Under Planting Patterns and Row Spacing in Semi-Arid Zone of Pakistan-Mardan
Shakir Ali1, Zia Ul Haq1, Abdul Malik1, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan3
...ys taken to 50% seedling emergence, leaf area (LA) and plant height (PH) among the different planting patterns. In order to maximize maize yield, it is recommended that maize should be raised on flat pattern keeping row spacing 60 cm....
Faiq Ahmad1, Shahen Shah1*, Muhammad Amin2, Ikram Ullah3, Sajid Ali4, Maaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakur5 and Sajjad Khan6
...obes resulted in delayed emergence (15.4 days) as compared to rest of treatments, while delayed heading (114.8 days), anthesis (124.7 days) and physiological maturity (158.9 days) were recorded with application of 120 kg N ha-1 applied as 50% from FYM and 50% from PM with beneficial microbes as compared to remaining treatments. Among the nitrogen sources application timing, delayed emergence (15.5 days) was recorded when nit...
Nosheen Jehajo*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Naheed Shah
..., oviposition, and adult emergence using three replication for each treatment. Four concentrations viz; (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%) each of the oil were prepared to observe the contact toxicity and surface protectant effect. Results showed that as percentage of concentrations increased mortality of adult beetles also increased with increased exposure time. In addition, among the dissimilar concentrations of oils, it was found that 0.50% of both oils were lethal ...
Nauman Zaheer Ghumman, Muhammad Ijaz*, Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Umar Javed, Iqra Muzammil and Ahmed Raza
...ext-align: justify;">The emergence of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) confers overwhelming economic losses to the global dairy industry. The current study was planned to investigate the S. aureus and MRSA associated subclinical mastitis in 345 milk samples (Cattle n=173, Buffalo n=172) collected from indigenous bovines of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The milk samples were screened for S. aureus a...
A. M. Rahoo1, 2, †, T. Mukhtar3, B. A. Bughio4, S. R. Gowen1 and R. K. Rahoo5
...ntly greater
emergence of IJ of S. affine from the Galleria mellonella using White traps than with modified Baermann extraction
trays. In Baermann extraction trays, the maximum emergence of IJ of S. affine was observed at an inoculation dose
of 400 IJ followed by the dose of 50 IJ. The minimum emergence was found with an inoc...
A. M. Rahoo1,2,†, T. Mukhtar3, S. R. Gowen2, B. Pembroke2 and M. A. Rahu4
...gated on the
emergence of Steinernema feltiae infective juveniles (IJ) from infected Galleria mellonella cadavers in
moist and dry conditions. A significantly high number of infective juveniles of S. feltiae emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry. A positive correlation was found between the weight of the Galleria
larvae at infection and the numbers of IJ recovered in the moist as compared with dry condit...
A. M. Rahoo1,*, †, T. Mukhtar2, S. I. Abro3, S. R. Gowen1 and B. A. Bughio4
...s. In the present study, emergence of Steinernema
feltiae infective juveniles (IJs) from infected Galleria mellonella cadavers was monitored under moist and dry
conditions at 5 and 10oC. Greater numbers of IJs of S. feltiae recovered from G. mellonella cadavers kept at 10oC
than from those kept at 5oC. Likewise, significantly greater number of infective juveniles emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry. Th...
Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie
... be attributed to the re-emergence of FMD outbreaks in Indonesia. First, the loss of the principle of maximum security. Indonesia’s success in freeing itself from FMD after 100 years is thanks to the implementation of maximum security policy by enacting a country-based system, which is to only import livestock and livestock products into the country from FMD-free countries. Second, the share of imports of boneless frozen beef/buffalo meat originating fro...
Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon
... highest number of flies emergence were found from Beganpali (60.9%) followed by Sindhri variety (43.2%), while least No.of emergence found 6% from Sindhri variety (6%) during September. Ratio of fruit flies like B. dorsalis 54.7%, from Beganpali, followed by Sindhri variety 41.6% (F 53.24; dF 51, 108; p=0.29) during mean functional time of season. While less no. of B. dorsalis were 3% in September. The fecundity and fertili...
Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1
... root rot, pre- and post-emergence damping-off, cottony-leak, cottony blight, and stalk rot diseases. An advantageous combination of various factors makes the control of Pythium aphanidermatum difficult. However, synthetic fungicides provide quick and effective control. Therefore, we checked the sensitivity of different isolates of P. aphanidermatum to 17-old and novel fungicides. Against all isolates, the fungicides’ main effect, concentration’s m...
Ghada A. Ibrahim1*, Mohamed Sayed Helal1, Nahed Abd Elhafeeze Kamoura2, Mohamed Samir3,4, Amira Mohamed Mazid5, Mohamed F.M. Farag6
...monitoring of antibiotic emergence events and further studies for their genetic phenotypic interrelation. Moreover, the haemato-biochemical alterations in the klebsiella infected cattle could be act as biomarkers for bacterial infections.
Keywords | Klebsiella spp, ESBL, Heamato-biochemical; antibiotics, MDR, Virulence, Resistant, Hemobiogram, Leucogram, Cattle farms
...
Syed Hilal Sardar1, Yousaf Jamal1*, Iltaf Ullah2, Abdul Basir1, Hidayat Ullah1 and Mukhtar Alam1 and Ikramullah3
...ere observed in terms of emergence m-2, days to 50% emergence and ear length (cm). Our data revealed maximum plant height (245.00 cm), 1000 grain weight (363.00 g) and grain yield (5031.11 kg ha-1) for PSHW-201916. 30K08 produced maximum ear weight of 229.33 g and grains ear-1 of 379.33. Our findings revealed maximum 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) for PSHW201916 when compared with other hybrids under traile....
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Shafia Saba2, Madiha Mobeen Khan3, Umair Faheem4, Asad-ur-Rehman3, Naeem Arshad Maan3 and Waseem Hassan5
...nd identification. After emergence of moths, specimens were killed and identified using available taxonomic keys under stereomicroscope. After identification, it was revealed that the insect under study was identified as T. varians. After going through the relevant literature, it was found that this species had not been reported so far from Pakistan. Therefore, the detail description is being presented here for futuristic references....
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...>In recent years, the re-emergence of virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has resulted in substantial economic losses in Pakistan despite mass and intense vaccination regimens. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on sustainable food security around the globe, including Pakistan. This disease damages the bursa of Fabricius (BF), which causes immun...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1,2*, Neelam Yaqoob3*, Abdullah2, Amina Iftikhar4, Muhammad Irfan5, Hafiza Zara Saeed6, Syed Saqlain Hussain7 and Sidra Shakil8
...d radish on pea seedling emergence and growth at Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, the University of Sargodha in 2021. The experiment was run in four replicates to avoid variance. Different concentrations of aqueous extract of wild radish (0.0 %, 3.0 %, 6%, 9.0% and 12.0 %) were applied on ten seed of pea. It was observed that maximum emergence percentage (94.25 %), shoot length (5.52 cm), root length (6.20 cm)...
Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*
...uch as germination rate, emergence percentage, vigor index, seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling are significant at 10% alpha, likewise the interaction of genotypes x treatments (G x T) is significant for seedling height at 1% alpha in all rice lines, seedling height and dry weight decreased along with elevated stress levels. Four lines, NRPC-9, NRPC-7, NRPC-6, and NRPC-1 were shown to be tolerant at 15% PEG 6000 water stress level while al...
Muhammad Waqas Yonas1,2*, Khuram Mubeen2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Ayaz Shahzad4, Mudassir Aziz2, Saad ur Rehman5 and Shoaib Zawar2
...e seedbed, pre- and post-emergence herbicides in reduced doses can restrict weeds growth till 40 DAS to maximize wheat productivity. ...
Muhammad Zeeshan Siddiqui1, Mujahid Ali2*, Shoaib ur Rehman3, Shahid Iqbal4, Malik Abdur Rehman5, Hafiz M. Tayyab Khan4, Muhammad Ali6, Muhammad Azher Nawaz4 and Saqib Ayyub1
...re sown. One month after emergence, the growing medium was supplied with the lowest NaCl level 2, two medium levels 4, 6, and the highest salinity level was 8 dS m-1 and was compared with the control (1.5 dS m-1 considered as normal). The Hoagland solution was applied every week as a nutrient solution. High sodium contents lead to sodicity. Finally, selected genotypes displayed significantly dissimilar responses toward the concentration of sodium ions accordin...
Navjot Hothi
...ented now to curb the re-emergence of the disease. ...
Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang
...ate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, male and female adult longevity, oviposition rate of S. subpunctaria were measured. The results showed that with the increase of treatment time, the duration of 2nd instar larvae shortened, and the difference between the two wavelength treatments was significant; while the mortality increased, the pupation rate decreased, and the pupa weight and adult emergence rate decreased. The dev...
Mehran Ali* and Inamullah
...es of wheat like days to emergence and tillering and anthesis but considerable variations were recorded for physiological maturity as well as physiology and yield of wheat crop. Different P levels also revealed the similar trend, 90 kg P ha-1 noted better phenology, physiology and yield of wheat, however keeping monetary and sustainability in consideration reduced P level (60 kg ha-1) was more convincing when explored under AM fungi application. Regarding P so...
Raed Hussein Salih Rabee1, Yahya Sabah Abdulameer1, Walla Farhan Obed1, Noor R Abady1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1*, Firas Hussein Albawi1, Mohammed Jasim Jawad2, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra3
...on health, including the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial strains, allergic and an alteration of the normal flora in the intestines. The study aimed to evaluate the residue levels of enrofloxacin in chicken meat after administering berberine (BBR). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from chickens suffering from diarrhea, and its isolation was confirmed by culturing it on MacConkey agar medium. In this study, a total of one hundred chicken chicks...
Kanda Yanuar Muhamad1,3, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2*
...l role in mitigating the emergence of such potential risks. This research aimed to assess the level of knowledge among importers and sellers of reptiles concerning diseases that may be transmitted by these animals. A survey was conducted involving 113 employees working in reptile import and sales businesses all around Indonesia, utilizing the snowball sampling method. Data was collected through structured questionnaires administered during interviews. Accordin...
Ashfaq Hussain1, Javed Khan2, Ammara Blouch3, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Ashraf Khan4,5* and Zaheer Sikandar6
...time from egg till adult emergence was 41.60±0.70 days under laboratory conditions of 24±1c° with 55±5 percent relative humidity (R.H.). The incubation period was 4.00±0.25 days. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods were observed at 8.6, 24.1 and 6.0 days, respectively. The total laid eggs/female were 288.4 eggs. The pre-pupae and pupae developmental time was 1.00±0.00 and 6.00±0.08 days, ...
Ashraf M. Metwally*, Ausama A. Yousif*k , Iman B. Walaa A. Attia M. Samy * , and Ismail M. Reda *
Muhammad Yasin1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Sana Rubab2 and Sumaira Maqsood3
...nd both DEs. The progeny emergence was significantly lower in combined treatments of B. bassiana and DE at highest dose rate for both insect species, while highest was recorded at low dose of B. bassiana....
Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3
...icantly higher values of emergence count (211 m-2), productive tillers (322 m-2), grains count (38.93 spike-1), 1000 grains weight (38.91 g) and grains yield (3497 kg ha-1) delineating more yield (13.10%) over the CT. Thus, SS has conserved soil moisture, increased soil organic matter, better soil tilth and enhanced fertilizer uptake efficiency which ultimately increased the yield over the other comparative wheat sowing techniques....
Teedzai Chitura*
...ext-align: justify;">The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms threatens human and animal health. The inappropriate use of prescribed antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock production is the main contributor of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there have been growing calls by consumers and international health organizations for reduced application of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock production. To address this problem, several animal f...
Iqtidar Hussain1*, Muhammad Inam Ullah Qaisrani1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Zuhair Hasnian2, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Muhammad Naeem4, Hadia Gul5 and Moneeza Abbass3
Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5
