Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3
...-11 and Kharif 2011 crop seasons to compare the CWP of main crops (wheat, sugarcane, maize and tomato) under public and civil canal irrigation systems in Peshawar Valley. For this purpose, 18 farms were selected under public canal system and 13 under civil canal systems. Results revealed that average CWP of wheat, maize, sugarcane and tomato was 0.96, 1.11, 3.31, 3.61 kg m-3 under public and 0.90, 0.77, 2.36, 2.98 kg m-3, under civil s...
Gul Naz and Mohammad Akmal
...refore, conducted in two seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Treatments were laid-out in a randomized complete block design; split plot arrangements using four replications. The experiments were comprising of seven N-rates i.e. 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg ha-1 as main plots treatment and the five wheat varieties i.e. Saleem-2000, Uqab, Pirsabak-2005, Tatara-96 and Pirsabak-2004 ...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Waqar Ahmad1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Noor Islam1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Zain Ul Abiden2
...inter, spring and summer seasons. The fourth group had screen bottom board trays but without any chemical. There was a trend of fallen mean number of mites 157±6.28, 97±3.81, 132.75±9.76 and 26±1.68 in winter, 160±20, 149±30, 161.75±18.5 and 27.5±1.04 in spring and 188.25±5.34, 196.25±5.48, 144.25±7.74 and 34.5±4.94 (Mean±SE) in summer, respectively. The average efficacy...
Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton
...09) under wheat-maize (9 seasons each) cropping pattern was conducted on raised beds (with furrow spacing of 65 cm (Narrow Bed-NB), 130 cm (Medium Bed- MB) and 180 cm (Wide Bed-WB)), with controlled traffic regime emplaced, in comparison with traditional intensive cultivated flat basin (FB) for evaluating impacts on soil, crop and water productivity. The results showed reduced bulk density by 7%, 6% and 5% and increased hydraulic conductivity by 90%, 106% and ...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
...ged slightly in the four seasons but varied a lot in different positions. Protozoa was absolutely dominated in zooplankton abundance and its mean value ranged from 2710.2 ind./L in winter to 4259.5 ind./L in spring. Annual average biomasses of protozoa, rotifera, cladocera and copepods were 0.13 mg/L, 0.11 mg/L, 0.63 mg/L and 0.34 mg/L, respectively. The lowest values of zooplankton species richness, abundance and biomass appeared at the site which provides th...
Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar
... seasonal seropositivity seasons was recorded and sero-prevalence during summer was found to be higher (72.84% with GMT 20.18) than other seasons with an overall PPRV seroprevalence of 66.01%. Moreover, related to sex discrimination, 69.80:63.83% (GMT 14.83:15.92) antibody titre has been screened in female and male, respectively. So, based on the sero-prevalence, the evaluation of intrinsic (age groups and sex) and extrinsic...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla
...tivity was higher in wet seasons (60.9 to 61.4%) to 56.7% in dry hot season. Species, year and location appeared to be having significant effect (p<0.01) on the frequency of circulating antibodies in the study. The results highlight that PPR in Hail is alarming and warrants mass vaccination along with appropriate control measures....
Blood Selenium and Vitamin E Levels in Heifers: Regional and Seasonal Differences in Northern Cyprus
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...yprus from two different seasons. We also evaluated whether these concentrations were adequate. Heifer blood, feed samples including concentrate feed or roughage were analysed. It was found that there are significant seasonal differences for each region and regional differences in each season were due to different feeding conditions. Heifer blood selenium and plasma vitamin E levels were generally found within adequate ranges in all regions for both
Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1
...x that did not vary with seasons. Heritability estimates of various indices were low and ranged from 0.004 to 0.067 indicating very lower genetic control. This is the first study to show genetic of persistency of lactation. Although results may be validated using more data and more accurately recorded pedigree for several generations however, this is really useful firsthand information.
...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...erence (P>0.05) among seasons. Overall mean viable fungal count was 4.72 × 103±708 with a significant association (P<0.05) among seasons. Out comes from study showed that, 44.8% of the assayed samples were contaminated with A. flavus. From them,48.8% of isolates were capable of producing aflatoxin B1. The study revealed the need of regular mycological monitoring of compound com...
Memoona Akber1, Muhammad Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Noor-un-Nisa2
... juvenile during all the seasons of the year. Data on the body weight reflected that the males were heavier than the females in all the four seasons of the year; the heaviest males were observed during the winter season. Reproductive activity revealed that the males were recorded reproductively active throughout the year while more than 50% specimens of females were recorded inactive throughout the year; yet lactating and pr...
Response of Spring and Autumn Sunflower to Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers for Yield and Quality Traits
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
... during both the growing seasons. Overall the performance of sunflower was better in spring as compared to autumn season. However, it was also noted that the combination of PGPR-1 + PGPR-2 and half recommended doses of chemical fertilizer gave results as full recommended dose of chemical fertilizer alone. Therefore, PGPR enhanced the yield by reducing the use of chemical fertilizer, leading towards the sustainable agriculture.
... 
1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin
Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...e collected in different seasons from the fungus combs of termite mounds. Eggs of O. proformosanus were found profusely in fungus comb in the months of March, May, September and October of 2006 to 2008 Average lengths and standard deviation (mean±SD) of the eggs were (0.66 ± 0.09), width (0.04 ± 0.07) mm and egg shape ratio is 0.53. Eggs were mostly of broad type. Distinct quiescent period was also observed. Morphological changes completed...
Sunita J. Magar and D.D. Nirmal
Effect of plant spacings and cultivars on spread of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease
...n both kharif and summer seasons also the minimum infection rate throughout its growth period was observed in closer plant spacing i.e. 30 x 30 cm in kharif. Among cultivar, Parbhani Kranti show slow progress of the disease. Among plant spacings the closer plant spacing 30 x 30 cm show slow progress of the disease followed by 50 x 30 cm and 60 x 30 cm both in kharif and summer seasons....
Amitava Konar, S. Paul and Kiran A. More
Efficacy of different insecticidal treatment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal
...n two consecutive kharif seasons i.e., 2010 and 2011. The experiment was laid in RBD with seven treatment schedules and three replications. Among all the treatments soil application of phorate at transplanting, followed by foliar spray with acephate, thiodicarb and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively) and seedling treatment with imidacloprid before transplanting, succeeded by foliar spray with imidaclopr...
S.K. Sahoo
Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
...gement during the winter seasons of 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, West Bengal (India). The natural appearances of the aphid on the yellow sarson variety, Binoy (B-9) was observed from 52nd standard week, with the peak population on 6th standard week and the aphid disappeared after 10th standard week. Among the different chemical insecticides evaluated for their bio-efficacy against L. erysimi, Dimethoate ...
A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...e 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, respectively. Also, no significant difference was established in the forms of destructions recorded at the various growth stages of the cowpea plant in the two seasons. Therefore the advent of increased fauna on cowpea established in this study portrayed a need to find possible ways to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases in the region in order to ameliorate the effects of induced global ...
S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...tisation during both the seasons, respectively, whereas maximum coccinellid was observed on 23rd February of 2011-12 and 2012-13 crop seasons with 11.67 and 9.67 coccinellids/ 5plants, respectively. Both maximum and minimum temperature had major role to build up the population of diamond back moth, C. plutellae and coccinellids beetle while aphid population was enhanced only by maximum temperature. Relative humidity and rain...
Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee
Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...re conducted in two crop seasons during 2010 and 2011 with brinjal (var Muktakeshi) to evaluate the efficacy of chloro-neonicotinoid as foliar application against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 50 g a.i./ha, was found superior against whiteflies among other treatments, received lowest number of whitefly population (1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/...
Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen
Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
...ns during potato growing seasons in 2011-12. Incidence and distribution of Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle tobra virus (TRV) was reported on the basis of characteristic symptoms expression, bait test, infectivity assays and double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Both the viruses were prevalent in Hazara and Malakand divisions. The average symptoms based incidence in Hazara divi-sion for PMTV was 8.83% and TRV...
Manidipa Chowdhury
Incidence of saw fly, Athalia lugens proxima Klug. as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard
...l in two successive Rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07with an objective to study the incidence of saw fly (Athalia lugens proxima Klug.) as influenced by level of irrigation and fertilizers on mustard c.v. NC-1 (Jhumka) of Brassica campestris var. yellow sarson. Highest saw fly population (0.26 larvae/plant) was recorded on the crop grown without irrigation and medium level of fertilizers (60:30:30 Kg NPK ha-1) while lowest population level (0.10 larvae/plant...
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
...n be found in the warmer seasons. The highest abundance of A. vulgare occurred in forests with dike age above 100 years in summer, whereas the lowest occurred in the forests with shortest dike age in spring. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis of individuals’ data indicated that there were significant correlations of abundances distribution among seasons (P < 0.050). The distribution of A. vul...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...ted during kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate field bio-efficacy of new generation molecules against rice insect-pests. Control of pests in seedbed is relatively less expensive than transplanted main-field because of smaller area of nursery that can be managed better way as compared to transplanted field. In the present study, chlorantraniliprole granule was applied both in seedbed and transplanted field along with spraying of some new generati...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...rded over three breeding seasons. Sixteen variables of habitat characteristics were measured. The results showed that: 1) the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four components accounted for 79.31% of the total variance, including vegetation, interference, nest position and food factors, which best reflected the habitat site selection of the crested ibis. The crested ibis were more likely to choose higher tree nests that were closer to ...
Mumtaz Akhtar1, Shabana Naz2,*, Muhamamad Iqbal3, Waqar Azeem4 and Mirza Azhar Beg5
...s also observed that the seasons influenced the body weight of the gerbille at a statistically significant level (P < 0.01). Sex did not seem to be an important factor in this respect. However, interaction of age and sex was statistically significant (F= 6.94; d.f.= 3, 112; P< 0.01).
...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...rded over three breeding seasons. Sixteen variables of habitat characteristics were measured. The results showed that: 1) the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four components accounted for 79.31% of the total variance, including vegetation, interference, nest position and food factors, which best reflected the habitat site selection of the crested ibis. The crested ibis were more likely to choose higher tree nests that were closer to ...
Quang Minh Dinh
...erent within and between seasons, and the parameters of the von Bertalanffy curve of this fish were given as L∞= 24.15 cm, K = 0.53 yr-1 and t0 = –0.03 yr-1. The longevity (tmax) and the growth performance (Φ’) were 5.56 yrs and 2.50, respectively. The fishing, natural and total mortalities of this fish were 1.29 yr-1, 1.44 yr-1...
Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5
...e fallow periods (summer seasons) of both years before sowing of wheat crop. These tillage treatments were (i) Once Mould board plowing followed by 8 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 8 CS) as a check, (ii) No-till followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (NT + GH), (iii) Once Mould board plowing followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (1 MBP + GH), (iv) Once Mould board plowing followed by 4 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 4 CS)...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad
.../15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons. Combined analyses of variance for G and GEI were significant for almost all traits. Significant GEI suggested that the performance of genotypes was not consistent across environments, revealing strong influence of environments. Generally, GEI explained major portion of total variation and thus had larger effect than G and E on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over nine environments, genotype G-79 exhibited m...
Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*
...ntrol sites, and between seasons. Livestock grazing in the area was the major problem encountered affecting the rodent population. As a result, proper conservation measures have to be implemented to solve the problems and safeguard the endemic wildlife in the Park....
S. M. I. Hossain*, S. U. K. Eusufzai and M. A. Rahman**
...-04 and 2004-05 cropping seasons to find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of six sugarcane varieties (Isd 16, Isd 30, Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34). The experiment was laid up in two factors split-plot design with five irrigation levels in main plots and six varieties in subplots. Irrigations at 21, 28, 35 or 42 days interval in addition to two live irrigations increased sugarcane yield from 15% to 46%. Irrigati...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Abdur Rashid*, Mohammad Sohail Khan** and Erdogan Ozturk***
...ng two successive winter seasons, 2007-08 and 2008-09. The treatments consisted of HA alone (3 kg ha-1 or 1.5 kg ha-1) and in combination with full (60:40 kg ha-1) and half (30:20 kg ha-1) the recommended rates of NP fertilizers. Results showed that in the first growing season (2007-08), the combination of 3 kg ha-1 HA with half (30:20 kg ha-1) rate of NP produced the highest grain yield (1314 kg ha-1) and increased the yield by 46.9% over the control. In the ...
Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**
...arieties during planting seasons and active involvement of provincial departments of agricultural extension in their efforts of varietal promotion are some suggestions put forward for encouraging cultivation of newly released recommended sugarcane varieties in the area....
Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**
...han in winter and spring seasons. It can therefore be concluded that in general the months when minimum supplements were given are the better ones in terms of feed availability because majority of feed intake comes from grazing. Moreover, supplementation of goats can be improved by educating local communities about the proper supplementation and by planting palatable shrubs and fodder trees....
M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*
...g the genotypes in three seasons were statistically significant for plant height, number bolls plant-1, 1000-seed weight and seed yield hectare-1. These studies were conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during rabi 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05. Pooled genotypic and phenotypic variances were maximum for seed yield and minimum for 1000-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were ...
Muhammad Afzal, Sarfraz Ahmad , Abdul Salam Baloch* and Qazi Bashir Ahmad**
...ferences in prices among seasons. The seasons considered in the study were Eid-ul-Azha, Ramadan, and severe feed shortage period. The prices were the highest at Eid-ul - zha followed by Ramadan and feed shortage (winter) season. The explanatory power of the model was considered adequate as the factors included in the model accounted for 76% of the price variation at Quetta market. Producers should consider major marketing de...
Wabekwa, J.W., I.A. Sodagni and F.K. Mohammad*
PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION IN PMINERALIZED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) UNDER SUDANOSAHELIAN AGRO-ECOLOGY, NIGERIA
...ring 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons, to investigate the response of sunflower to phosphorus fertilizer -1 inorganically applied as P O @ 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha . The experi- 2 5 mental design was randomized complete block and replicated thrice. It was observed that leaf area per plant and plant dry weight increased with -1 increasing P O rates (40-60 kg ha ) at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) 2 5 . Crop growth rates similarly increased with increasing P ...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAMEL PRODUCTS IN SEMIDESERT AND DESERT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...day in summer and winter seasons, respectively; however, none of the surveyed farmers reported milk sale. During last one year, sales of camel hides and hair were reported by few farmers (6% each). Mean purchase price of camel hides reported by shopkeepers in nearby town markets were higher than village level prices by 74.6 % and even more in case of hair. This is an indicative of camel farmers' exploitation by the village dealers. Mean quantity of hair sales ...
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Muhammad Amjad*, Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz* and Doulat Baig*
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GERMPLASM OF LINSEED ( L.)
...itions during three crop seasons i.e. 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11. Data were recorded for days to flower initiation, flower completion, maturity, reproductive period, plant height, branches per plant, bolls per plant, plot biomass, harvest index and seed yield. Wide ranges between the mean values with high CV values were exhibited by plant height, bolls per plant, biomass and seed yield accompanied with maximum values of variances and standard deviation, reve...
Shafique Qadir Memon*, Nadeem Amjad**, Muhammad Safar Mirjat***, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Khalil Ahmad Ibupoto***, Shabbir Ahmad Kalwar****, Asif Ali Mirani**** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed****
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE
...e spring and autumn crop seasons 2009-2010.The objective of the trial was to compare the effect of three different tillage regimes namely, deep tillage, conventional tillage and zero tillage, and four fertilizer levels. Results showed that plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and dry matter were maximum with deep tillage as compared to conventional and zero tillage. Comparing the seasons, the overall better plant hei...
Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ered during two cropping seasons i.e., rabi 2008-09 and kharif 2009. One hundred and forty groundnut producers were selected for collecting data using the well-structured questionnaire from two important districts recognised for area and production of groundnut. Results showed that large farmers allocated significantly higher area (34%) to groundnut cultivation compared to other categories of farmers. The gross margins were also significantly higher at large f...
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
...istan) for 2012 and 2013 seasons. There was a significant difference in whitefly population and percent parasitism among the fourteen districts. The highest average whitefly populationof two consecutive years was recorded in Khaipur, Sukhur, Sangar and Nausharo Feroze i.e. 7.5, 6.1, 5.6 and 5.5 individuals per leaf, respectively. While the lowest was recorded in Hyderabad (1.9) and Mirpurkhas (2.2). On the other hand, the highest percent parasitism was observe...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
...species over 11 breeding seasons (2004 - 2014). We monitored the frequency of occurrence and the fate of eggs in those nests and recorded fourteen cases of mixed clutches that contained Mandarin duck eggs. Nine cases were classified as successful nest usurpation: in six cases nests of other birds were usurped by Mandarin duck and in three cases nests of Mandarin duck were usurped by other birds. The remaining mixed clutches may be incomplete usurpation. For th...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
...ted for two rice growing seasons 2012 to 2013. In results, the maximum mean population of 15.25 WBPH/25 hills at 38 0C with 50% relative humidity was observed in district Badin in the first week of August, 2012. The correlation results regarding mean population of WBPH also indicated effect of temperature and relative humidity (r= 0.51, 0.63 and 0.85 in Larkana, Jacobabd and Badin). In crop stages, the WBPH was observed highest in booting stage in district Bad...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...h air temperature in all seasons, strongest in early post-rainy season while with humidity and rainfall; these were significant in only early rainy and early post rainy seasons. It was concluded that higher MIR in mosquitoes indicated increased infectivity in them.
... 
M. Tariq Javed1, Nazir Ahmad2, Gulbeen Saleem3, Haleema Sadia4, Farkhanda Manzoor5 and Ghulam Hussain Dilbar
EFFECT OF AGE AND SEASON ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFALO BULL - A REVIEW
...ent age and in different seasons has been published with conflicting reports. An effort is made to review the literature gathered from different sources on semen characteristics in buffalo bulls which will be helpful to researchers and allied professionals in future research or policy planning. The review is bifurcated in different sections for easy understanding of the facts. The review suggests and effect of age and season on buffalo bull semen characteristi...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
...ar to cover all the four seasons. The data of this descriptive study was processed and analyzed to investigate the prevalence of malaria and its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13.1%) were found to be positive for malaria infection with different Plasmodium spe...
Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8
...5 d Sm-1) for two growth seasons with or without 50 mM proline applied at seedling stage (15 days after transplanting, DAT), vegetative state (50 DAT) or at both stages. Results from pot experiment revealed that foliar applied 50 mM proline significantly improved the seedling growth under saline stress by reducing electrolyte leakage and improving the water related (relative water contents and water potential), and biochemical attributes (SOD, CAT, MDA, EL and...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
...ty was high in different seasons. Dazu black goats might have shorter gestation period (147.9±1.7 days) and have longer kidding interval (237.8±4.6 days). The percentages of singletons, twins, triplets and quadruplets born were 1.98, 47.27, 40.02 and 10.29 %, respectively. The mean litter sizes (2.60±0.72) were the highest among the reported meat goat breeds in China. Dazu black goat reached the highest litter sizes (2.74±0.71) in t...
Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah
...ducted during the Kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012 in the research fields of Oilseeds Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were recorded on days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, reproductive period, days to maturity, pod filling period, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield (kg/ha). Seed yield ranged from 352 to 878 kg/ha with a...
Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1*
... during three wheat crop seasons i.e., 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. A total of 437 fields (from 63 districts) were surveyed in 2016, 480 fields (from 69 districts) in 2017 and 294 fields (from 34 districts) in 2018, revealing a high prevalence of powdery mildew in the northern Himalayan parts of Pakistan. Powdery mildew was more severe during 2018 followed by 2017, while it was the minimum during 2016. In Sindh province, none of the 253 fields surveyed over three y...
Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3*
...ile irrigated land, four seasons and glorious history of old traditions of farming. The current study is designed to analyse the response of participants an informal and formal supply chains for small-scale dairy farmers in Pakistan. The study aimed at explaining the costs of the chosen supply channels and their transaction costs, the role of the mid-agent opportunistic behaviour in the relative milk supply chain. Using case study and qualitative method approa...
Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan
...nd autumn potato growing seasons of 2016. Both the experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. Each experiment having eight treatments and each treatment was replicated 10 times. The replicated pots containing each of the eight potato cultivars were infested with 100 and 200 adult of M. persicae. Significant antixenosis effects among the tested potato cultivars were observed while the different durations of M. persicae infestation on potat...
Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq
...rom sowing to harvesting seasons. Predators (Chrysoperla, Geocoris and Argiope) population was also observed. Percentage of host plant susceptibility index (HPSI) for each cotton variety was also calculated. One way ANOVA was used to analyzed the data statistically. Variety and year had significant (P<0.05) effect on pest populations, eggs count and predator’s populations. It was found that Bt cotton was more resistant to pest att...
Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1
Muhammad Affan Khan* and Abdur Rab
..., Peshawar during spring seasons of the years 2012-13. The research experiment was conducted using RCB Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Five okra varieties viz. Sabz Pari, Arka Anamika, Pusa Sawani, Punjab Selection and Green Star were grown at three plants spacing i.e. 20, 30 and 40 cm and were evaluated for growth and seed production. Variety Arka Anamika had the maximum plant height (136.8 cm), number of branches per plant (1.42), number of pods pe...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3* and Balach Rasheed2
...tivity, and variation in seasons across the country. The present study is an attempt to analyze the dynamic effects of variation in rainfall on economic growth in different provinces of Pakistan. Results show that low rains over the period of time have adversely affected the production, employment, and supply chain of crops. Furthermore, to avoid the adverse effects of climate change in the future, it is suggested to plant more trees and arrange different type...
Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2
...h, Bahawalpur in growing seasons from July to October of 2017. Treatments were arranged in Two factorial Completely Randomized Design CRBD fashion with three replications and six treatments. Treatments are arranged as control T1 (Without fertilizer + No Poultry Manure + No compost), T2 (NPK full dose @ 150 kg ha-1N, 75 kg ha-1P and 60 kg ha-1K), T3 (full dose of poultry manure (PM) @ 30 ton ha-1), T4 (50% NPK+50% Poultry Manure i.e. 75 kg ha-1N, 37.5 kg ha-1P ...
Tuncay Ateşşahin1,* and Mehmet Cİlbiz2
...: 4 cm) and in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn or winter) by three anglers. At the end of the study, 336 rainbow trout, 13.2–56.5 cm in length and 28.6–2,174.6 g in weight, were caught. The most efficient season for catching fish was in the winter. The mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) values for red, blue and yellow coloured spinners were 0.108, 0.051 and 0.036, respectively. The mean CPUE values for No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 hooks were 0.0...
Waqas Raza*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Muhammad Imran Hamid
...icts during the cropping seasons of 2016-2017. A total of six districts comprising of three locations in each district were surveyed for the collection of late blight infected samples. During 2016 and 2017, prevalence of disease in all the surveyed districts ranging between 34.6-24.4% and 39.3-28.6% respectively with district Okara recording the maximum (39.3%) and district Jhang the minimum incidence (24.4%) for both the years. Similarly, disease severity ran...
Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq
...F spores in soil in both seasons (wheat and maize) were found in T2 where biochar was applied at 20 t ha-1 each in summer and winter. In each season, control treatment had the lowest spores density in soil. The same trend was observed for root colonization of AMF in wheat and maize with maximum colonization in T2 and lowest in T1. These results suggested that indigenous AMF can be increased in soil and roots of wheat and maize with biochar amendment in an alka...
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
... season. During both the seasons Indian or Himalayan Chestnut Aesculus indica was found as the dominant plant species in the diet having relative importance value (RIV) 8.36 and 10.92 in summer and winter, respectively. Diet breadth of all the plant species was also calculated using Levin’s measure of niche breadth (B). Grand viburnum Vibernum foetens showed the greatest value of diet breadth (23.52) during summer season, while during winte...
Biomarkers for Pathogenic Clostridium perfringens in Small Ruminants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Asfandyar Khan2, Kashif Prince1,*, Mahboob Ali1, Ghazunfar Rashid1 and Azmat Ulah Khan2
...>i.e. area, housing, seasons, colostrum feeding, hygienic condition, body condition and animal sex) with each type of Clostridium perfringens infection were analyzed by Chi- square test of association (χ2). The results indicated that Colostrums feeding, hygienic condition and body condition scores of animals are significantly (P<0.05) associated with Clostridium perfringens type A, B and D in both lambs and kids. Besides tha...
Yue Ren1, Peng-Fei Liu2, Wan-Long Zhu1,*,Hao Zhang1 and Jin-Hong Cai1
...tain region in different seasons. Body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), food intake, serum leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti aelated peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expressions were measured. The results showed that body mass and serum leptin levels were lower significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. But thermogen...
Ihsanullah*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Sohail Akhtar and Syed Muhammad Suhail
...ere studied in different seasons of the year. No significant differences were found between the groups with different exotic blood level in calving interval, age at first calving, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period. Calving interval, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period were significantly longer in the spring season while age at first calving was significantly longer in autumn. Significantly high milk production was found in HF 50%. Peak dail...
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
...2013-14 and 2014-15 crop seasons. Brinjal varieties Round Black, Dilnasheen, Black Beauty, Hybrid Shilpa, Bemisal and Nirala were used in the experiment. The number of aphids and ladybeetles were recorded at weekly intervals from October 15 to March 1, both years. Aphid numbers were recorded on three leaves per plant and four plants per plot and averaged per leaf. Numbers of ladybeetles were recorded from the whole plant by sampling three plants per plot. Seas...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...pes for four consecutive seasons from spring 2017 to Spring 2018. Results showed that the collection season, land-use categories and land-use types had a significant and differential impact on the diversity and population abundance of major soil arthropod groups. Spring and summer seasons exhibited the maximum diversity and abundance of soil arthropods, while minimum population abundance was found in winter season. The diver...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
Matiullah Khan1*, Motsim Billah2, Shoaib Ahmad1, Raza Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Sarwar1
...s were conducted for two seasons to investigate the direct and residual effect of phosphorus enriched compost (PEC) prepared by composting poultry litter (PL) with rock phosphate (RP) and inoculating with effective microorganisms (EM) on the wheat during 2010-11. Both experiments were conducted consecutively, in the same lay out of randomized complete block design with three repeats. Various doses of PEC (6, 4, 2 Mg ha-1) were compared with simple poultry-litt...
Riaz Hussain Pasha1*, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Imran Ullah2, Muhammad Akram Khan3, Adnan Ali4, Saif-Ur-Rehman5, Sana Batool2 and Arslan Emmanuel2
...e collected in different seasons of 2016-17. Preparatory phase of reproductive cycle was observed in spring with having thick tunica albuginea and rapid spermatogenesis in testes while appearance of cortical alveoli or yolk vesicle in cortex of cytoplasm in ovaries. Gonads attain maximum size and weight in spawning phase during summer. Free oozing of spermatozoa in testes and ovaries packed with fully grown eggs are the distinct features of this phase. The hig...
Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1
...It has blessed with four seasons, therefore its soil is rich to produce all kinds crops, fruits and vegetables. Agriculture sector contributes to the economic benefit of the farming community in Pakistan, therefore analyzing its potential remain major focus in various studies. Current study has been designed with main aim to estimate the allocative efficiency of onion production in District swat. Using multistage sampling technique cross sectional data was col...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar3
...ing 2030-2040 in all the seasons. The temperature scenarios also present a noticeable change. An average increase in temperature in KP is 1.80C during 2010-2040. In the Northern districts (mountain areas) it is the 1.90C closely followed by Central with 1.80C and the South 1.60C (where South is already a heat surplus zone). These trends are crucial in terms of disasters with likelihood of spring / monsoon floods and winter drought. ...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5
...ver Ravi during two flow seasons at four sampling locations including upstream Lahore Siphon = A, Shahdera = B, Sunder=C and downstream Balloki headworks = D. All the metal contents in fish scales were highly significantly different (P<0.001) among sampling locations and flow seasons. Location-wise metal accumulation pattern was C > D > B > A. The highest concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of Cd (0.29), Cr (4...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
... normal range in various seasons. The highest thermal resistance index was in animals of group I and II groups (76.4 and 78.0, respectively). Under the conditions of Akmola and North-Kazakhstan regions, the thermoneutrality or comfort temperature zone for Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds was within the range of +19-2 +27-31ºC. Analysis of ethology of animals showed that all groups had 0.19 functional activity index; as for the other indices, animals of ...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...nd cover during non-crop seasons that would seem essential to maintenance of habitats for rodent species in agricultural landscapes
...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...nter, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. In addition, correlations (Pearson correlation) between SCC and change in some environmental factors were weak but significant (P <0.01). The arithmetic and geometric means and standard errors of SCC were 82.4±3.3x103 cells/ml and 60.1±3.4x103 cells/ml, respectively. These results indicate that 100% the SCC of buffalos’ milk sample are in accordance with the limits ind...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...el. Impact of collection seasons (i.e. spring, summer, autumn and winter) and impact of different land-use types or categories on the population abundance of soil microarthropods was assessed. Moreover, soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties were also determined in order to find out the main edaphic drivers which can explain the population dynamics of these microarthropods. Results revealed that all major factors i.e. land-use types...
Dongping Liu1, Guogang Zhang1, Chao Wang2, Baoping Qing2 and Jun Lu1,*
...the following 9 breeding seasons. Crested ibis has been considered a monogamous species, and breeding pair is solitary and territorial. However, 3.4% of breeding females exhibited polyandry and 43.1% of nests were observed colonial in single tree in the reintroduced population, probably due to male-biased sex ratio and better nesting conditions. First nest failure in reintroduced population occurred much earlier than that in wild, which resulted in significant...
Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan1
...e surveyed during summer seasons of 2015 and 2016. The study revealed 23 species from 15 genera under 3 families. The abundant family was recorded as Libellulidae that was comprised of 19 species belonging to 11 genera, family Gomphidae included 3 species belonging to 3 genera and family Aeshnidae included one species belonged to one genus. Detailed description of each species, valid scientific names, their habitat, ecological observation, collection date and ...
M. M. A Youssef and W. M. A. El-Nagdi †
Effect of some temperature changes on the population density of some plant parasitic nematode species
...epresenting the all four seasons (autumn, spring, summer and winter) on the numerical fluctuations in the population density of some parasitic nematodes on plants viz., date palm and olive in both soil and roots was investigated. These nematodes were negatively correlated with the prevailing average soil temperature during four seasons (autumn= 20°C; spring= 22°C; summer= 27°C and winter= 14°C)....
Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui*, Nasreen Ghaffar* and Zia Ul Haq**
WATER QUALITY INDEX OF SHALLOW AND DEEP GROUNDWATER DURING WET AND DRY SEASON OF PESHAWARBASIN
...icate during wet and dry seasons. All samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, SO4 2-, HCO3 -1, CO3 -2,Cl-1, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , Fe+3 and K+ The result of this study showed that according to water quality index (WQI) of WHO all groundwater samples were categorized as good water and considered suitable for drinking apart from a few exceptions. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio of all groundwater was less than 10. Some of the groundwater showed more than 2.5 meq...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...thropods associated with seasons and environmental variables in two different wetlands sites was estimated and study was performed on monthly basis for a whole year. The arthropods were collected by sweep net, direct hand picking, forceps. For each sampling day in each month, 20 sweeps were randomly taken in each block. The insects at rest or on shrubs were manually collected. Overall, 5867 individuals were recorded pertaining to 152 species. Among the arthrop...
Mah Jabeen and Amjad Farooq*
...r three consecutive crop seasons i.e., 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. The data on the incidence of aphids were recorded at weekly interval. Host plant susceptibility indices were also calculated. B. napus was found to be susceptible showing maximum population of aphids i.e., 6.80 per 10-cm inflorescence whereas B. compestris showed comparatively resistant response with minimum population of aphids i.e., 0.43 per 10-cm in...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal3
...plication) during summer seasons of years 2018 and 2019. It was observed that application of Glyphosate and Paraquat @ 2 L ha-1, 1.5 L ha-1 reduced the grassy weeds after first cut of S.S. Hybrid up to 99.6%, 87%, 64.8% and 54.3 % respectively. However, somewhat better control i.e., 99.5%, 98.9%, and 95.5%, 94.66% respectively was obtained during 2019. Clodinafop and Puma super suppressed the grassy weeds only for 10-15 days during 2018 and remained unresponsi...
Sumaira1, Syed Mohsin Bukhari1, Maqsood Iram2, Arshad Javid1, Ali Hussain1, Waqas Ali1, Khalil Ur Rehman3, Shahla Andleeb3, Irfan Baboo4 and Nimra Khalid1
...recorded during both the seasons while internal parasite species belong to genus Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were recorded from Python molurus. Higher temperature and humidity accelerated the ecdysis process.
...
Arifa Khan1*, Danish Anwar2, Shazia Erum3, Naveeda Riaz1, Shahid Riaz4, Tariq Rafique3 and Zafer Iqbal2
Screening of Exotic Potato Germplasm against Potato Virus PVX, PVY and PLRV through Biological and Serological Test (ELISA)
...ld conditions during two seasons 2015-2016. Results showed that all the genotypes had resistance against PVX and PLRV however four genotypes (CIP-3, CIP-9, CIP-11 and CIP-14) were susceptible to PVY. Results regarding yield and tuber external quality showed that CIP-30 was taller genotype with medium number of tubers and shoots plant-1 while CIP-5 was a dwarf genotype with minimum tuber yield. Genotype CIP-6 produced more number of tuber plant-1 but CIP-22 fol...
Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman
Genotype by Environment Interactions of Vegetative Growth Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes
...5-16 and 2016-17 growing seasons. The trials were conducted using RCB design at four locations for two years; Research Farm, of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar; Agriculture Research Station, Buner; Agriculture Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra; and Barani Agriculture Research Station, Jarma, Kohat (one year only). Data were recorded on leaf area, plant height, biological yield and straw yield. Highest plant height was recorded for G02, G31 and G11. The...
Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*
Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...ring 2018 and 2019 wheat seasons. The study treatments were evaluated in term of energy analysis and economics of wheat production. Highest energy inputs obtained were fertilizer, seed and fuel + oil energies in all tillage systems for wheat sowing, respectively. Results interpretation indicated that the highest (2,300 kgha-1 and 40.56 lha-1) and lowest (1,930 kgha-1 and 8.97 lha-1) wheat yields were measured in CT and ZT farming treatments, respectively. The ...
Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2
Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
...ing (NB; May-June, n=11) seasons. Blood sampling on alternate days was done during both the seasons for serum progesterone (P4) estimations. Follicular growth was characterized by presence of three to five numbers of follicular waves in both seasons. Significantly higher (P<0.01) number of follicular waves (4.0±0.21 versus 3.18±0.12), number of follicles at wave emergence ...
Mikail Arslan1, Orhan Yilmaz2, Bahattin Cak2* and Ahmet Fatih Demirel2
...ummer, spring and winter seasons, respectively. Survival rates at weaning, birth and weaning weights of lambs were 86.44%, 3.11kg and 17.85kg; 72.80%, 3.24kg and 16.38kg; 66.88%, 3.38kg and 18.97kg for summer, spring and winter, respectively. The effect of mating season on estrus rate was not significant (P>0.05). The effect of mating season on lambing rate and litter size was significant (P<0.01). The effects of mating season and birth type on survival ...
Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*
A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
...itions during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. Their aim was to compare the effects of compost, K-humate, and K-silicate applied at 50% and 100% of the recommended dose (compost: 7.81 t ha-1, potassium silicate: 16.67 L ha-1, potassium humate: 15.63 kg ha-1) on soil nutritional status regarding macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and soybean yield and quality. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The study show...
Zeki Aras1*, Gökçenur SanioÄźlu Gölen1, Zafer Sayin2 and Ali Evren HaydardedeoÄźlu3
...ent herds in the lambing seasons 2015-2016. Chlamydial DNA was detected in seven (5.8%) of the 120 abomasum content of fetuses. The 15 aborted goat fetuses were found to be negative for C. abortus. The control and vaccination programs for the fight against C. abortus infection should be determined and implemented in Turkey.
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