Abiodun D. Olabode
...marcated forty-sampled quadrats from both irrigated and non-irrigated farms. Information on socio-economic activities of the rice farmers, level of rice yield, agricultural practices for rice production and farm management techniques employed in the study area were observed. The study employed simple percentages to analyse the farmers’ responses; while regression model established significant relationships between rice yield and farm management methods a...
Mehreen Zaidullah and Hina Fatima
..., 2001-02 and 2007-08. Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) is employed to estimate the budget shares and test for these shifts. The results confirm for the significance of the quadratic variables in the model except for the Oils’ group. The presence of these shifts have been proved in Pakistan and hence there are other factors as well like urbanization that causing these shifts in food demand, apart from the ...
Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi
...nd Chao-1 (70.75). The Quadrate diversity Indices were applied to the data and Bootstrap replicates mean values of the following indices were recorded as Chao 2 (70.8), Jackknife 1 (72.9), Jackknife 2 (71.9) and Bootstrap (70.17). The study further indicated that the population of many endemic and commercially important fish species has declined while the exotic family Cichlidae representative of three species (Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis aureus and O...
Tuli Dey, Sonnet Poddar and Mukti Barua
...f 3rd lactation came to Madras veterinary college with the clinical sign of complete uterine prolapse which calved one day before. The cow was handled and the prolapsed mass was corrected so carefully that there could be saved the life without any complication. The prolapsed mass of cow was managed with lukewarm water and manual pressure replacement in non-raising condition of hindquarter. Vulvar Retention Suture (modified Bhuners suture) was given for not to ...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...gt;0.05) any linear or quadratic trends with increasing level of enzyme in the diet. Milk protein concentration linearly (P<0.001) increased with increasing level of enzyme in the diets. It is concluded that fibrolytic enzyme addition in the diets of lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes improves the dry matter intake and diet digestibility which results in improved milk production.
... 
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...ADC one m 2 quadrate methods, weighed and then oven dried at 60 oC to find out the dry weight for above pytomass carbon Mg C ha-1 (Brown and Lugo, 1982). Similarly, the same 1 m2 quadrate area was dug up to the depth of root zone for each grass and the root portion was separated, weighed, oven dried at 60 Co for estimating below ground pytomass carbon Mg C ha-1
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir*
...and finisher phases. A quadratic response was also observed on the performance of broilers during starter phase. However, a linear effect was seen for feed consumption during finisher phase while quadratic effect was observed for weight gain and FCR in boilers fed different levels of DEB and sodium. At 28 day of age percent thigh meat yield, breast meat yield and abdominal fat yield were significantly better in broilers fed ...
Sana Qanber Abbasi1*, Ejaz Ahmed2 and Rabia Sattar1
...ganization as close to quadriplegia and dementia.Among the headache complaint visitors in the emergency department, the most common are those suffering from migraine. (1) Alinear correlation has been found between rising serum pro BNP levels and Cardiovascular pathologies especially those involving left ventricular dysfunction which may depict a probable association between migraine and CVD. To compare the levels of serum pro Brain natriuretic peptide (pro BNP...
Saleem Abid1*, Nasir Jamal2, Muhammad Zubair Anwar3 and Saleem Zahid4
...as Linear trend model, Quadratic trend model, Exponential growth model, S-curve trend model and double exponential smoothing model were used to find the best fitted model for area and production of potato in Pakistan. Forecasting errors namely mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared deviation (MSD) were used as model selection criteria. Lowest values of these errors indicated a best fitting model. The study showed ...
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
... reported subtype “adr4”. This sample showed 1.2 to 20% variation with the other reported sequences. Nucleotide sequence of the Pre-S2 region of the second sample MR03 does not show 100% homology with any of the reported sequences. It differs 2.4 to `18.8 % from the other reported sequences. Further it was established that MR02 and MR03 nucleotide sequences differ from one another at four positions, all substitutions. The first difference is observ...
Ayesha Tahir*
FORECASTING CITRUS EXPORTS IN PAKISTAN
... the present study was quadratic trend model. Forecasting was done from 2012 to 2016.The forecasted export quantities are 1643.13, 1854.03, 2077.80, 2314.46 and 2564.00 thousand tons and forecasted export values are 673.67, 782.34, 898.57, 1022.35 and 1153.68 thousand dollars. Forecasted values are very close to actual values and have positive increasing trend in Pakistan....
Sobia Naheed*, Irum Raza*, M. Zubair Anwar*, Nusrat Habib*, Naheed Zahra* and Sabeen Siddiqui*
FORECASTING AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BARLEY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...11. Four models namely quadratic trend, linear trend, exponential growth curve and double exponential smoothing were compared and the best fitting model was chosen by reason of three accuracy measures namely mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared deviation (MSD). The values of these
measures were lowest for the double exponential smoothing method, therefore, this method was selected for predictin...
Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*, Ayesha Tahir**, Irum Raza* Saleem Abid* and Muhammad Nisar Khan*
TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF WHEAT AND RICE IN PAKISTAN
...re linear trend model, quadratic trend model, exponential growth model and S-curve model. The minimum values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) have been acquired and then the forecasting was made for the best fitted model with minimum error. Five year average prices for the individual crop(s) were also calculated to observe the past trend. The study demonstrates that for wheat and rice (Bas...
Naheed Zahra*, Nadeem Akmal*, Sobia Naheed*, Nusrat Habib*, Sabeen Siddiqui* and Irum Raza*
TREND ANALYSIS OF RICE AREA AND YIELD IN PUNJAB
...rs of accuracy measure quadratic model was selected. The estimated results revealed that there is an increasing trend in the area and yield of rice in Punjab. The area of rice was 276800 ha in 2012 and would be 2934280 ha in 2016. Likewise results about yield indicated that it was -1 -1 2438kg ha in 2012 and would be 2678kg ha in 2016. This increasing trend will provide a great opportunity for rice export from the country....
Sumia Bint Zaman*, Waqas Farooq*, Sidra Majeed*, Hasnain Shah*, and Abdul Majid**
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE PROVIDERS' TRAINING ON WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN POTHWAR REGION
... component to prepare a cadre was included in the USDA funded 'Watershed Rehabilitation' project being implemented in collaboration with ICARDA and other NARS partners. The prime objective of these training programmes was to impart training based skills on water conservation technologies. To help in improving the effectiveness, the socioeconomic backup for assessment of these trainings was included as part of the activity. The information for paper is collecte...
Saleem Abid*, Anum Fatima*, Sobia Naheed*, Asrar Sarwar** and Muhammad Nisar Khan*
DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL FORECASTING MODEL FOR DATES PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
... models (linear trend, quadratic trend , exponential growth , s-curve and moving average) for estimating predicted values of area and production of dates for upcoming seven years. The estimated values of area and production represent increasing trend were 2.2, 93.8, 95.5, 97.2, 98.0, 100.6 and 102.3 '000' hectares and 548.5, 556.0, 563.5, 571.0, 578.5, 585.9 and 593.4 '000' tonnes from 2013-14 to 2019-20, respectively ....
Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***
ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
... the help of ADC one m quadrat method, weighed and then oven dried at 60 C to find out the dry weight for above phytomass carbon Mg C ha . Similarly, the one m quadrats were dig out up to the root level for each grass and separated the root portion and weighed, oven dried at 60 C for below ground phytomass carbon Mg C ha estimation. Carbon pool in above ground phytomass was 1.16 Mg C ha while below ground phytomass, 0.29 Mg ...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...es were collected from quadriceps of 2.5-4 years old female red deer, immediately processed for isolation of muscular fibers and were evaluated for the pH, water-binding power, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The level...
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
...wing 0.5m × 0.5m quadrat to count existing genus and species of weeds. According to the results, the highest frequency was related to weed species of Echinochloa crusgalli (96.9%), Paspalum distichum (78.8%) and Eclipta prostrate (51.8%). Cyperaceae and Poaceae families showed the highest frequency with 13 species (20%) and 8 species (12%), respectively. The RC of E. crusgalli had the highest dominance (51.4%) after rice harvesting in the fields of Gui...
Rida Zainab1, Sana Elahi1, Afshan Kaleem2,*, Daniel C. Hoessli3, Mehwish Iqtedar2, Roheena Abdullah2, Faiza Saleem2, Shanza Khan1, Anusha Ijaz1, Shagufta Naz2 and Abdul R. Shakoori4,5,*
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
...s, twins, triplets and quadruplets born were 1.98, 47.27, 40.02 and 10.29 %, respectively. The mean litter sizes (2.60±0.72) were the highest among the reported meat goat breeds in China. Dazu black goat reached the highest litter sizes (2.74±0.71) in the fourth kidding.
...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Most favored altitudinal range was 450 m to-550 m (asl). Population density was the highest (12 animals/km2) in October and lowest (7.4 animals/km2) in May. Dominant vegetation included Acacia nilotica <...
Wen Chao Liu1,2, Kwan Sik Yun3 and In Ho Kim2,*
...DL cholesterol levels (quadratic, P=0.074). Furthermore, the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was increased by supplementation with 1,3-DAG (quadratic, P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of different levels of 1,3-DAG in broilers diets could improve the growth performance, modify blood lipid profile and promote the development of bursa of Fabricius.
...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...itism of Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Hyssopus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were 40.11 and 30.09%, respectively, in the said cropping system. Likewise, highest yield (kg/ plant) were produced by the plots having Apple + Trifolium intercrops (76.62±1.11), whilst minimum yield were attributed to Apple + Wheat (61.47±1.11) followed by sole (52.75±1.23). The results further confirmed that maximum y...
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
... the BWG was improved (quadratic, P<0.05), whereas the FCR was decreased (linear, P<0.01). During d 14-28, dietary supplementation of graded level of betaine had no significant effects on BWG, feed intake and FCR (P>0.05). Overall (d 1-28), there was a quadratic increase in BWG (P<0.05) and a linear decrease in FCR (P<0.01) with increasing betaine supplementation. In addition, dietary supplementation with diff...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1,
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
...nus chirurgus in Charadriiformes, after which we analysed and compared structure, phylogeny, and taxonomic origin of the Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Based on sequencing, splicing, and annotating the mtDNA of four birds, the results showed that the lengths of mtDNA were 16,955 bp in Porzana paykullii, 17,149 bp in Rallus aquaticus, 17,647 bp in Gallirallus striatus and 16,855 bp in Hydrophasian...
Zekeriya Demir1 and Hatice Kaya2*
...fected the egg weight (quadratic), yolk index (linear), Haugh unit and albumen index (cubically). On the other hand, supplemental bee pollen linearly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride and P values ​​ and linearly increased Mg value in the serum parameters. However, the other serum parameters were not affected by the treatment. In conclusion, supplementation of bee pollen during the study period improved the feed conversion ratio and decreased serum chole...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...as conducted using the quadrate method to record the vegetation around rodents’ active burrows at field boundaries. The dominant wild vegetation included Cynodon dactylon, Saccharum griffithii, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Dichanthium annulatum, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrical, Ziziphus nummularia, Achyranthes aspera, Calotropis procera, Sorghum halepense and Capparis deciduas. This vegetation supported the year-roun...
ErtuÄźrul Kul*
...Exponential (PEXP) and Quadratic (QUA) models were used. The adjusted multiple coefficient of determination (R2adj) and the residual standard deviation (RSD) were evaluated as parameters to detect the best fitted lactation curve model. The results revealed that WOD model described the highest R2adj (0.98) and with the lowest RSD (0.065), besides the highest R2adj (0.97) and ...
Expression Analysis of BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 in Rams with Different Fecundity
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...dymis, vas deferens, and adrenal gland in high fecundity (Small Tail Han sheep) and low fecundity (Sunite sheep) rams. The results were as follows: BMPR1B, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad9 were expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Further study indicated that the expression of BMPRIB in the brain, hypothalamus, pituitary, epididymis, and ...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
... and Tetracerus quadricornis.
Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah*
OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
...of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based implementation of SW algorithm. All the experiments have been performed on a Linux
based multi-core machine thereby reducing the overall complexity of the SW algorithm from quadratic to linear. The
resul...
use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based implementation of SW algorithm. All the experiments have been performed on a Linux
based multi-core machine thereby reducing the overall complexity of the SW algorithm from quadratic to linear. The
resul...
Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2
Description of Seven New Species and One New Record of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida) Associated with Economically Important Crops of Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (Part-1 of the series)
... Kashmir; Boleodorus seshadrii sp. nov. from soil around roots of Glycine max (L) Miller, in Aru, Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir; Macroposthonia iqbali sp. nov. from soil around roots of Pyrus malus L., from Kashmir University Campus, Srinagar, Kashmir and Pratylenchus ekrami Bajaj and Bhatti, 1984 from the roots of Solanum tuberosum L. in Narwara, Srinagar, Kashmir represents a new record of this species from the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Morphological and mor...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...SA and nbpSA at various cadre. Milk samples (n=250) from cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=160) were aseptically collected from various dairy farms and put to biofilm detection and antibiogram. Based on collected data with statistical inferences, the study found 61.60% of S. aureus from subclinical samples, while 72.73% of S. aureus were positive for biofilm with uniform hike in samples from cattle (77.55% bpSA) and buffalo (70.48% bpSA). Udder condit...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...data and the nonlinear quadratic almost ideal demand system. The paper finding shows that demand for most commodity items except for fruit, meat, sugar and other products is less than unit elastic to expenditure elasticity at the country and regional levels. Cross price elasticity assessment demonstrates that the most nutritious food items, such as fruit, milk and meat, are complementary products as compared to wheat, pulse and vegetables in Pakistan as well a...
Chaojie Yang1,2,3, Haishan Wang1,2,3, Le Ye1,2,3 and Zhi Chen1,2,3,*
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
... has been exhibited by quadratic multiclass SVM (Q-mSVM) in terms of classification accuracy. The technique shows average accuracy percentage of 78.48% and maximum accuracy of 88.19% for one of the subjects. The proposed method has shown superior experimental results as compared to the previous studies using the same dataset for calculating multi-class classification accuracy.
...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Hera Gul2, Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Sami Ullah3, Ghulam Sabir Hussain4, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
...double row strips. The quadruplicated experiment already laid out according to RCBD for the plant crop, used for this study. The sugarcane was sown on September 8 2015, and in late February, 2017 it was harvested. Consequent ratoon was the test crop. The latter was harvested on 16th of February, 2018. Observation on different qualitative and quantitative traits of crop were recor...
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
...rs. The suitability of quadratic model for present study was described by the responses having acceptable R2 and Adj. R2 values, non-significance of lack of fit which compares residual to pure error and significance of analysis of variance which is essential for testing the applicability of the model. Predicted optimum temperature and time were 63 ºC and 142.5 min respectively and predicted length, width, thickness, TKW, bulk density...
Junyan Bai1,2, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Le Ma Dao2, Di Bao2, Qiang Zhang2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...ool fineness to age is quadratic regression equation: Y=15.971+0.409X-0.008X2, the fitting degree is 0.983, the fitting effect is very good. The best regression equation of female camel’s wool fineness to age is also a quadratic regression equation: Y=15.597+0.564X-0.030X2, the fitting degree is 0.873, the fitting effect is better.
... 
Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc
...The Anseriformes and Charadriiformes orders had the most frequently sero-positive species to AIV. In conclusion, the presence of H5 and H9 subtypes provided a public health risk and evoke the role of migratory birds in introducing AIV to human and other in contact wild and domestic birds....
Junyan Bai1*, Zhihao Dong1, Rentaodi Wu2, Lema Dao2, Di Bao2, Qiang Zhang2, Xinghua Tian3 and Hui Cao1
...h models (Logarithmic, Quadratic, Cubic, S, and logistic) of body weight and body size traits of Alashan Bactrian camel. The results showed that the S growth model of body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference had the best fitting effect, and the fitting degree was 0.937, 0.982, 0.972 and 0.914, respectively. The S growth models of body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference were Y=e(5.219-0.520/X),...
Chaochao Hu1,2, Xue Xu1, Wenjia Yao1, Wei Liu3, Deyun Tai1, Wan Chen4 and Qing Chang1*
...paring 31 species in Charadriiformes.The complete mitochondrial genome of H. ostralegus is a circular molecule of 16,798 bp in length and the overall nucleotide composition of H-strand was A: 31.45%, T: 23.46%, C: 31.30%, G: 13.79%. In Charadriiformes mitogenomes, AT skews values were positive, while the values of GC skew were negative. We found a significant negative correlation between CBI and ENC, and a significant...
Zhiyuan Sun1, 3, Xuhui Zhang2,*, Xian Li3, Yanping Huang3, Shiyan Sui3, Weifeng Liu3, Guochao Ni3, Xiaozhou Xu1, Jianbo Yang1, Xue Lian1 and Hui Jia1
...th or without continuous adrenocorticotropine hormone (ACTH) pretreatment. Twenty-four 30-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets (12 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: control, LPS, ACTH, and ACTH+LPS groups. Each group consisted of 6 male piglets. All ACTH pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with ACTH (2.25 IU/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive injections at 6-h intervals. Then, LPS pigs and ...
Hailemariam Assefa1*, Tesfahun Dagnaw2
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
...idymis, vas deferens and adrenal gland tissues in both breeds. The expression level of Clock and BMAL1 showed similar trends in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis and epididymis in both breeds. The expression levels of Clock, BMAL1, and Cry1 were significantly higher in the pituitary tissue of STH rams than in that of SNT rams, whereas the expression level of Cry2 showed the opposite pattern. We spe...
Khaled El-Kholy1*, Yaser Rizk2, Mohamed El-Helbawy1, Eman El-Said1
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*
...horten the destination quadrant distance and latency in the Morris water maze of aging mice. It obviously decreased the MDA, MAO-B and Lipo level in brain tissue, enhanced the SOD and GSH-Px activity in brain tissue, and increased the IgA, IgG, IL-1 and IL-2 level in serum. In addition, OR significantly improved the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and NOQ1 in the brain tissues of aging mice, which was detected by western blotting. In conclusion, OR treatment...
Shorouk Aladdin Helmy1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Mohamed Ahmed Hanafy1, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud1, Reham Roshdy Ali El-tanany1
...significant linear and quadratic decreases for total gas production (TGP), ml and TGP, g/kg DM with zeolite. Moreover, zeolite has increased (P = 0.013) in dDM at 5% zeolite, but has decreased NH3-N concentration (P = 0.009) with the cottonseed ration. Bentonite rations had quadratically increased (P = 0.01) in NH3-N concentrations, but the TGP (ml) and TGP (g/kg DM) were linearly decreased with bentonite addition but linear...
Rabia Goher, Inamullah and Mohammad Akmal*
...d within different AE to adress future food security. Moreover, expressing suitable traits, a genotype could be used as a source of well breeding material for ensuring food security in changing climate....
Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2
... of animal (linear and quadratic effects) and lactation period were fitted as co-variables. Dependent variables were lactation performance traits (lactation milk yield, dry period, etc.). The results of all traits showed that the year of calving had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on lactation length, month of calving and parity. Lactation milk yield was significantly affected by year of calving (p<0.01) and month of calving (p<0.05) while parity...
Ramadan Sary, Asmaa M. Ibrahium*
... face formed of nasal, quadrate bone, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, premaxillary, maxillary and ethmoid. The cranium and viscerocranium demarcated from each other by orbital cavities. The mandible composed of five ill distinguished bones; dental, splenial, angular, supra angular, and the articular.
Keywords | Egyptian owl, Skull, Morphology, Radiology, Computerized tomography
...
Sohail Nadeem1, Muhammad Aziz2*, Ayesha Mohy ud Din1 and Tayyaba Jamil1
...goal, softwares like Avogadro, Gamess, Gabedit, Chimera and free online databases were used. The infrared and raman spectra were computed at the harmonic level with restricted Hartree-Fock in basis sets 3-21G and 6-31G. Molecular docking is calculated using online server with Lanosterol 14α-demethylase to know antifungal properties. The theoretically computed results of heterocyclic organic molecule gives us information regarding the structural arrangeme...
Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*
...ches and inside nearby quadrats of zokor burrow systems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on human volunteer taste-testing, or assignment using the Chinese Materia Medica Monographs, we divided the collected plant species into four different taste groups (sweet, bitter, other-taste, and tasteless) and then compared Ei values to determine whether plant taste can affect zokor diet selection. A total of 124 burrow systems were analyzed and 103 plants were used ...
Bilal Dik1, Saima Naz2*, Muhammad Sohail Sajid3,4
...urus: F. suturalis, F. quadripustulatus and one species of Kurodaia fulvofasciata. Among birds, Buteo (Buzzards) were the most prevalent (73.63%), with 6 species of lice on B. buteo and 5 on B. rufinus; 3 each on Aegypius monachus, Aquila heliaca, Aq. nisus, and Circus aeruginosus; 2 each on Pernis apivorus, Ci. pygargus and Milvus migrans; and one each on Circaetus gallicus, Hieraaetus pennatus, Aq. chrysaetos and Aq. gentilis. Circus cyaneus, Ci. macrourus, ...
Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S*
...ain in the right upper quadrant with radiation towards the back along with abdominal fullness for 5-7 days. Physical examination and imaging investigations were performed on the patient which revealed the diagnosis. Results: The patient underwent laparoscopic deroofing procedure and the cyst was sent to pathology and microbiology sections for laboratory diagnosis. Identification of sickle shaped hooklets on wet mount and ZN staining confirmed the diagnosis. Th...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel4, Abdelwahab M. Abdelwahab1,5
...explore the linear and quadratic contrasts of increasing the BSFL levels on all the parameters. The results of this study showed a linear improvement (p < 0.05) in the egg production (by 3.38 percent points than control), egg weight (by 1.54 g than control), feed conversion (by 20% than control), and egg quality traits, such as Haugh unit, yolk color, shell strength, and shell thickness, with the increase in the BSFL inclusion levels into the layer diets. T...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Mohammad A. Al-Mahaish4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel5
...explore the linear and quadratic effects of increasing the MWM levels into the broiler diets. The results of this study showed a linear increase (p < 0.05) in the final body weight, body weight gain, carcass weight, dressing, and meat yellowness (b*) of broilers as the dietary MWM level increased. In addition, linear and quadratic increasing yields of liver, abdominal fats, and intestines were recorded with the increased ...
Magda A. Eldomiaty1,2, Manal E. Elsawaf2, Soad S. Ali3, Heba El-Sayed Mostafa4,5*
...he changes that occur in adrenal cortex in an animal model of depression and the effect of voluntary exercise on these changes. Thirty-two adults male Wistar rats were included based on their forced swimming test behavior. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the control group, group II was the control exercise group, group III was the depression group, and group IV was the depression exercise group. The forced swimming protocol was used to induce ...
Bilgenur Yasa1* and Ali Uzun2
...niiformes, 9 (7.5%); Charadriiformes, 19 (15.9%); and Passeriformes, 46 (38.6%). The migration status of the species observed in the Kocaçay Delta was also defined as follows: 76 (63.8%) resident, 27 (22.6%) summer migrant, 15 (12.6%) winter migrant, and 1 (0.8%) transit migrant....
Chun Ik Lim, Hyeon Kwon Kim, Kang Nyeong Heo, Are Sun You, Hyo Jun Choo*
...t. FGP supplementation quadratically (P < 0.05) increased serum total protein (TP) level. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), cholesterol (CHOL), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the FGP2.0 group than in the CON group. Serum IL-2 level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the FGP2.0 group than in the CON group, although IL-6 level showed no significant difference. These findings suggest that dietary supp...
Zhe Lin1, Yumo Li1, Yuchen Wang1, Yuechen Li1, Ke Pei1, Guangfu Lv2, He Lin1* and Zhun Yu3*
...cortisol produced by the adrenal glands. Oviductus ranae (OR) is an animal based raw material of folk medicine which plays a variety of activities. However, its anti-stress effects mechanism has not been fully revealed. In this work, based on network pharmacology, the potential targets of OR were screened, and an protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between the target of OR and anti-stress target was constructed using STRING database. Kyoto Encyclopedia o...
Xiaowei Huang1, Chao Ma1, He Lin1, Yuchen Wang1, Yan Xu1, Guangfu Lv2* and Zhe Lin1*
...releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in serum were detected. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the hippocampal histomorphological changes. The protein levels of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), trosine kinase B (TrkB) and cyclic adenosine monophosphatec response element binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus were d...
Abdullah*, Imtiaz Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim and Muhammad Fawad
...of district Karak. The quadrate method was used to determine the relative weed density. The data were recorded on density (%), relative density (%), frequency (%), relative frequency (%) and importance value of weed species. The present findings revealed that Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Carthamus oxycantha M. Bieb., Medicago denticulata Willd., Anagallis arvensis, Lathyrus aphaca L. Euphorbia helioscopia L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Cyprus rotundus, Vicia sat...
Komal Javed1, Sohaib Muhammad1*, Zarghaam Khan1, Sehar Fatima1, Hassan Nawaz1, Mahrukh1, Tahira Khalid1 and Shariat Ullah2
...mly with the help of a quadrat method (1m2). For each crop, sixty quadrats were taken from each village i.e., twenty quadrats from each selected site. The data was gathered after every fifteen days during the course of crop. For the determination of Importance Value Index (IVI) percentage frequency, density and percentage cover were determined. A total of 19 families were present in all th...
Chen Gu1,2, Ze-Dong Xu1, Lin Chen1, Ming-Hui Gu1, Sheng-Mei Yang1, Ai-Qing Wang1, Bao-Fa Yin1* and Wan-Hong Wei1,2,3*
...e hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses of Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) offspring after their mothers had been repeatedly exposed to predator odors during pregnancy. We exposed pregnant Brandt’s voles to distilled water (DW, the control), rabbit odor (RO, non-predator odor), or cat odor (CO, predator odor) for 18 days (60 min/day). Once the offspring matured into adults, we exposed them to either rabbit odor or cat odor and record...
Deny Anjelus Iyai1*, Ambo Ako2, Sitti Nurani Siradjuddin2, Budiman Nohong2
...ppings is done using a quadrant measuring 1 x 1 m2. Quadrant laying is done diagonally in a land area of ​​100 m2. Dominance Index, Species abundance using Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index, Similarity index, Species richness). The number of plant families identified was 751 families spread over 4 districts, with 890 species of grass, legume and non-grass/non-legume plants. There were 11 families found in total in the obser...
Mehmet Akif Cam1,* and Koray Kirikci2
...le, twin and triplet + quadruplet were 5.21±0.15, 5.14±0.06 and 5.003±0.05 and single and twin bearing for Karayaka ewes were 4.94±0.06 and 5.04±0.07, respectively. The SCC (≥7.5x105) affected MY (P<0.05) and milk components (MC, P<0.01) significantly. With the increase in the number of sucking lambs in the Bafra breed, the SCC in the milk decreased (P<0.05), but not in Karayaka....
Zeyad Kamal Imari
...of dietary calcium had quadratic impact on calcium, phosphorus, and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) levels in the serum (p=0.027; p<0.0001 and p=0.0006 respectively). The ash, calcium and phosphorus content of tibia were showed non-linear responses (p<0.0001) when the dietary calcium reduced from 1.4% to 0.4%. Lower calcium in the diet non-linearly increases (p<0.05) dressing percentage and relative weight of the breast and leg. The results also showed tha...
Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Raazia Tasadduq2, Jane B. Lian3, Janet L. Stein3, Gary S. Stein3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
Physiological Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Adrenal Insufficiency Induces by Glucocorticoid in Rats
Wafaa AL. Bnyean1,2 ,Zainab A.H. AL-Mousawi1*
...rhizic acid (GA) against adrenal insufficiency caused by glucocorticoids in female rats. Fifty female rats were divided randomly into five groups. Negative control group(G1): Normal saline was given orally to rats. Positive control group(G2): rats for seven days were treated with Hydrocortisone Sodium I.P. (50 mg/kg). Therapeutic group(G3): rats for seven days were treated with Hydrocortisone Sodium I.P. (50 mg/kg) and then 14 days with GA (100 mg /kg) orally....
Wei Fang1,2,3, Jiawei Hong1,2,3,4, Zhengyi Fu1,2,3, Jing Hu1,2,3, Gang Yu1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Humin Zong5*
...enin-angiotensin system, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, oxidative phosphorylation; The distribution types of SSR sites and their characteristic analysis results showed that the most important repeat type was mononucleotide repeats (7,840, accounting for 51.31%), followed by dinucleotide repeats (4,007, accounting for 26.22%), while the number of tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide repeat was relatively small. Through the above analysis...
Nafissa Sahel1*, Fadela Chougrani2, Abderrahim Cheriguene3 and Zineb Hamani1
Budi Utomo1*, Amaq Fadholly2,3, Endang Tri Margawati2, Alek Ibrahim2, Ristaqul Husna Belgania1, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah1, Rimayanti1 and Hermin Ratnani1
...ty between Limousin and Madrasin cattle based on the sex determining region-Y (SRY) gene. SRY gene is used in the analysis of genetic diversity for sex determination based on the paternal pathway (Y chromosome). The DNA samples used for this study were 10 frozen straw of Limousin cattle and 10 samples of Madrasin cattle. The method used in this research was a descriptive analysis by duplex polymerase chain reaction and analy...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*
...re the linear and quadratic trends of the FS increasing levels in broiler diets. The overall amount of feed consumed was unaffected by the FS diets. Still, increasing dietary FS levels enhanced the broilers’ final weights, gains, and feed-to-gain ratios (p < 0.05). As the dietary FS levels increased in broiler diets, weights for the carcass yield, breast, liver, and spleen increased substantially (p < 0.05). The plasma total protein and triiod...
Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Majeed Ajafar1, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali1
... with each group being quadruplicated and 20 birds allocated to each replication. Melatonin was supplemented in the G1 control group. G2 received 10 mg of melatonin per kg of diet, G3 received 20 mg of melatonin per kg of diet, G4 received 10 mg of melatonin per liter, and G5 received 20 mg of melatonin per liter, respectively. All groups’ chicks were exposed to heat stress (30-35-30 °C) during the breeding period. Our results showed a significant in...
ATEEQUE RAHMAN KHOOHARO* & PIRZADA JAMALUDDIN A. SIDDIQUI
...tan coast of Pakistan. Quadrat techniques were used to establish abundance of species. Overall, 49 species of invertebrates were recorded. Two of these species were annelids, 35 molluscs (Polyplacophora 1, gastropods 30, bivalves 4), 9 arthropods (cirripediae 2, malacostraca 7) & 3 echinoderms (stelleroids 3). The Highest diversity was found during the mid & high tidal zones. Diversity & distribution configurations were found to be linked with topo...
Floral and edaphic data recorded from Sahiwal District, Pakistan analyzed by multivariate techniques
*ARIFA ZEREEN1, ALMAS JAHAN1,SHEIKH SAEED AHMAD2 & ZAHEER-UD-DIN KHAN3
...ta obtained from forty quadrats was compiled. Thirty eight plant species belonging to twenty one families were recorded. TWINSPAN bifurcated the flora of entire study zone into two main communities that had been again separated into smaller i.e., sub communities. Canonical correspondence analysis recognized the relation of vegetation assembly to underlying environmental factors. This correlation was studied by CANOCO analysis. In the Canonical correspondence a...
Farrukh Hussain1, Sajid Aziz1, Gul Hassan2, Khalid Aziz1 and Sapna Raisham1
... analyzed using 10, 1m2quadrats in duplicate for the identification and determining phytosociological features. The study revealed 56 weed species distributed among 42 genera and 23 families in the area. Dryopteris fragrans was the only pterodophyte. There were 2 families, 6 genera and 9 species of monocots. Dicots had 35 genera, 46 species and 20 families. Based on the floristic and FIV data Poaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Papilionaceae, Euphor...
Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1
...1st to 3rd antennomers quadrates, clypeus bigonal, legs lengthened, tarsi denticated, 5 claws on tarsi, meta tarsi slightly smooth. Male genitalia (aedeagus) is wider than longer, base broader, lateral lobe of parameres slightly bigonal, lateral margins with golden hairs, median lobe of parameres broad at base, rapidly narrowing apically, hairs like structure view from the ventral aspects. The instant discovery will help the growers and technical personals to ...
Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1
...d, and orchards with a quadrate randomly thrown 50 times at different locations. A total of 39 weeds species from 16 families (14 dicots and 2 monocots) and 36 genera were identified. The major monocot family Poaceae contributed 10 species while among dicots, Asteraceae took the lead with 6 species. Among the weed species, 27 were annual and the rest 12 were perennial. Annuals were reported from all three sites, while perennials were found in the non-field are...
Naeema Khatoon Khaskheli1 , Muzafar Hussain Sirohi11, 2,*, Ameer Ahmed
Mirbahar1, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Mumtaz Ali Saand1, Mirza Hussain3
...
using the quadrat method (60 quadrats/site). The species were identified and herbarium
samples were preserved in Herbarium, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh
Pakistan, for future reference. The species community composition, habit, and life span
were determined. The study confirmed 35 weed species belonging to 14 plant families. The
weed community was do...
Ashar Farooq1*, Farrukh Waheed1 and Asad Abbas Khan2
...the transect lines and quadrat method was used to collect the vegetation parameters such as cover percent and forage production. Three transect lines, each of 100 m long, were stretched in the sample area. On each transect line, ten (10) equally spaced one meter square (1mx1m) quadrats were placed at a distance of 10 meters. Thus, 30 quadrats from the area were studied. The clipping of gra...
M. INAYAT KHAN,R.A. SHAD,NASEER A. KHAN,ABDUL GHAFOOR
Mubashar Hussain1,2*, Hifza Liaqat1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1,
Kiran Aftab1, Moazama Batool3, Razia Iqbal1 and Somia Liaqat1
...tempunctata, Sceliphron madraspatanum, Aedes albopictus, Eristalis tenax, Crambus albellus, Zonitoschema melanarthra, Zonitoschema gibdoana, Camponotus vagus, Polistes carolira, and Episyrphus viridaureus were the main contributing species in the community dissimilarity. Results showed significant differences between Vatala - Deva with higher Shannon value in Vatala (H’ = 4.03) than Deva (H’ = 3.92), Deva-Barmala with higher Shannon index in Barmal...
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
...were studied in square quadrats with area of 1 meter square. During data collection, the vegetation density, cover (%), relative density and species composition were determined. Secondary data regarding rehabilitation of degraded slopes were also collected. Results revealed that slope stabilization measures have significant positive effect on vegetation parameters. The statistics show that the cover percent at Asrait, Niam, Kullaly and Dabargai sites was 55.5%...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Hassan Sher2, Junaid Khan2, Shahid Hussain2, Ashfaq Ali2 and Atif Majeed3
...s was obtained through quadrate method. The study reported 40 herbaceous medicinal plants belonging to 33 different angiosperm families used by local people to cure different ailments. Lamiaceae was represented by maximum number of 6 species followed by Apiaceae and Solancaceae represented by 4 species each. Alliaceae was represented by 3 species while Amaranthaceae, Asterceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Pllygonaceae were represented by 2 species each. All oth...
Muhammad Farrukh Lateef1, Asad Abbas Khan2 and Muhammad Arif
...method was applied and quadrat was used to collect the data. The study revealed that forage production was higher in summer season. The carrying capacity of the study area was higher in summer season, and carrying capacity was higher in reseeded range area than unseeded range area which shows that poor condition of the rangeland could be improved by reseeding techniques. ...
Ashar Farooq1; Farid Shah2; Saifullah Zahri2 and Samiullah Jaffar2
...nts was also measured. Quadrat method was used to measure the number of individuals per unit area of Seriphidium at both sites. For measuring the concentration of Fe+, the plant samples were dried, digested and analyzed on AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). It has been concluded that there was non-significant impact of browsing upon the nutrient concentration but there was a significant difference in plant cover, height and density at un-protected an...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...10 sites plots 20mx20m quadrate size) were taken covering slopes, and altitudes, through transact walk with in the study area at approximately 200m (400 steps) distance. Soil samples were collected from the study area and thus investigated for climatic parameters. The results show that the climate of Utror valley is quite suitable and is fit for growth of Morels....
Sarfraz Hasan Dogar and Ashar Farooq
... unseeded areas. Forty quadrats (1x1m) i.e. 20 in seeded area and 20 in unseeded area were studied for forage yield determination. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results revealed that forage production in seeded area was significantly higher than in the unseeded area (P<0.01). The forage production was about 5 times more in seeded area as compared to un-seeded area. As a result of re-seeding, the carrying capacity has also been increased. This...
M. Al-Amin and M. Alamgir
...h. A stratified random quadrat method was used to study the regeneration status. Total 143 seedlings and saplings of 39 species under 18 families were recorded in the sampled area Moraceae is the dominant family having 5 species followed by Anacardiaceae, Euphorbieaceae, Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Combretaceae and Verbenaceae (3 species each). Tectona grandis has the highest importance value index (31.05) followed by Gmelina arborea (16.05), Mangi...
Mahmood Nasir and Mohammad Noor
...cted area. Twenty 1 m2 quadrats were studied randomly in both the areas.
The cover percent (10%) and above ground biomass (216 kg/ha) of Chrysopogon aucheri were higher three times in protected area than that of unprotected area, but its density remained unchanged which shows that the species is a grazing resistant The cover percent (5%), above ground biomass (78 kg/ha) and density (3) of
Cymbopogon jawarancusa were higher in un-protected ...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Umeed Khalid
...998. 1x1 m3 quadrate sample was taken after every 10 m length and 2 m inside the plots with plots without trees, plot having trees on one side, trees in the whole field and trees in whole field with barbed wire/fence. The damage was observed in the plots with trees on two sides and in plots with trees and fenced sides. The damage observed was very minor i.e. 0.09% to 1.07%. It is concluded that damage to wheat crop by house sparrow is negligible and...
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
...n was sampled by using quadrates of 10x2m, 5x2m and 0.5x0.5m for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. Density, frequency and coverage of each species in the different stands were recorded. It was changed to relative scales and then added together to get the importance value for each species in each stand. Communities were named after the 3 leading dominants. The following five communities were recognized: (I) Melia-Lantana-Stellaria, (II) Morus-Dodo...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...rk borer, Indarbela quadrinotata (Pseuderbelidae,
Lepidopteral) larvae and pupae, were recorded.
Aeolesthes sarta (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) grubs were
found predated by a mite predator. Entomophathogenic
fungus attacking all stages of I. quadrinotata and
Elaterid predator of A. sarta, pit borer Apriona cinerea
(Lamiidae, Coleoptera) were recorded. Observations on
the biology ...
Mirza Hakim Khan
...d in November, 1989 by Quadrat method. Three
plant communities were recognized, namely Juniperus
macropoda, Ephedra nebrodensis, Daphne oleoides
community, Sophora griffithii, Artimisia maritima
community Juniperus macropoda, Perovskia abrotanoides
community First two communities were found the best for
food and shelter of Markhor-Hazarganji and Chiltan in
summer and winter seasons. The third community was found
in the habitat of M...
Muhammad Rafique Sardar
... twenty semi-permanent quadrats (plot) of 1
sq.m area both in fall 1987 and spring 1988 were laid
out at six representative sites along 400 meter long
transect line running across the contours. Out of these,
60 were clipped for estimation of forage production and
60 were studied for vegetation characteristics in two
seasons. The study reveled that enclosure had positive
effects on range vegetation. Vegetation recovery was
remarkably rapid. The decrease...
S. I. Zafar, Ulfat Naheed, N. Abdullah and M. Yasin
...oz et al., 1983; Zadrazil and
Brunnert, 1980). Biodegradation of lignin in the nature, furthermore, is of particular
importance because of its high recalcitrance (Reddy, 1984) and protection of cellulose
from attack by various cellulolytic microbes (Fan et al., 1982) thereby preventing
bioavailability of as much as half the photosynthethically produced high energy carbon.
Though lignocellulosic biodegradation under laboratory conditions h...
Amjum Amin, Zafar Uddin, Rukhsana Roohi and Tayyab Jamil
...imal collapsible (ADC) quadrat in homogeneous stands of vegetation. Analysis of data resulted in four plant communities, i.e. Chrysopogon montanus, Heterioigib contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Desmostachya bipinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Cymbopogonschoenanthus, Capparisdcidua and Chrysopogon montanus, Adhatoda vasica, Eleusine compressa. The communities were finally named by combining the physical and biological features....
Moin Uddin Ahmad and S. A. Qadir Dr.
...different locations by quadrat and plotless methods. Community attributes, maturity and homogeneity of every stand were studied. 10
communities were recognized on the basis of physiognomy, floristic composition and importance value index....
Maqsood Anwar, Shah Khalid and Naveed Akhtar1*
...iv>
total of 200 quadrats (square shaped) having size (1m × 1m) were placed in 20 randomly
selected wheat fields in the study area. Analytical quantitative characters like density,
frequency and cover were calculated for each weed species. Twenty weed communities were
established in 20 selected sites/stands. Comparative evaluation of diversity revealed
that Menhinick’s index ranged from 0.61 to ...
Diyar Mohammad Hussein*, Iman Mousa Khaleel
...stics of the thyroid and adrenal glands in suckling and adult local male cats. In suckling and adult cats, the thyroid gland was consisted of two entirely separated lobes without isthmus and appeared as smooth elongated oval shape with rounded cranial, narrow caudal ends and smooth lateral and medial surfaces. All measurements of left lobe in suckling and adult cats were higher than those of the right one. Statistically, the weight, length, width and thickness...
Fatima Kanwal
.... For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m were randomly plotted and analyzed. Polygonaceae, Poaceae, and Chenopodiaceae were the most common families observed. A total of 14 different weed species belonging to 10 distinct families were identified. Goose grass (Elusine indica), Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and Black nightshade (Solanum nigram) accounted for 87% of the weeds and had densities of 1.82%, 1.82%, and 1.71%, respectively. Species of Amaranthu...
Muhammad Shahid Hassan1, Nargis Naz2, Hassan Raza Javeed1*, Sabahat Zafar1, Laraib Kanwal1, Seerat Mariyum1, Areej Fatima1, Areeba Bashir1 and Muhammad Imran Atta3
...s recorded by a random quadrate sampling method using the quadrate of 5 m2. Phyto-sociological attributes such as density, frequency, cover, relative density, relative frequency, relative cover, and importance values index were measured for each field. The importance value index and Simpson’s biodiversity index were also calculated. Weeds community in the study areas encompasses 18 weed species with 17 Genera and 11 fa...
Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali
...lected and five 1x1 m2 quadrants were used at each location. For the first time phytosociological data regarding absolute density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, importance value %, average importance value, Constancy classes and Importance value constancy index of various weeds of the area were recorded. The mean data across surveyed localities revealed that the flora is dominated by Digitaria sanguinalis with the highest relative density of...
Fawad Ali1, 2, Gul Hassan2*, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhammad Jamal Babar3 and Ataullah Jan4
...d field survey through Quadrat method was conducted during March and April, 2013. A total of 32 weed species belonging to 18 families were recorded from the research area. The predominant families were Brassicaeae (5 spp.), Poacea and Fabaceae (4 spp. ea.) followed by Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophlliceae and Plantaginaceae (2 spp. ea.), while the remaining families were represented by only one species each. Five weed communities were established on the bas...
Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4
...amed OPF resulted in a quadratic decrease in the NDF and ADF contents of OPF, while hemicellulose increased quadratically. A quadratic relationship was observed between the urea levels and either nutrient degradation or gas production in the rumen. Increasing the urea level in steamed OPF resulted in a linear increase in rumen NH3, MBO, and MN. The rate and total gas production in T3 were ...
Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*
...s of anxiety by blocking adrenergic neurotransmitters. Currently, Vogel conflict paradigm was applied to measure anxiety and validated by using anxiolytic agent, diazepam, and anxiogenic drug, caffeine. Vogel paradigm is based on the conflict between animal’s licking water and receiving electric shocks. Rats were individually tested in the anxiometer for a 10-min session; the licks/shock ratio was fixed at 20 licks/1 shock. In addition to the saline-cont...
