Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
... In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three lytic phages SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that two strains were S. aureus, while all others were different coagul...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...ted for survival in macrophages and mice than the parent strain 2308. With decrease in the spleen/body weight ratios of mice infected with omp10 mutants were noted, inhibition of phagosome-Lysosome fusion was dramaticly impaired, and profound increase of apoptosis rate after exposure of RAW264.7 to omp10 mutants at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h compared to RAW264.7 exposed to 2308. Results indicate that Δomp10 mutant would affect its survival ...
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...pithelial cells and macrophages. The ghrelin-ip cells showed cytoplasmic staining, they were cone, oval, spindle, round or irregular in shape and tended to be restricted to a single cell. These results demonstrate the presence of ghrelin-ip cells in the lung of the African ostrich and therefore it is speculated that ghrelin may have a physiological function in the lung of the African ostrich.
...
Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Muhammad Asif, Rabia Tabassum, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...v>The storage of bacteriophages is tricky as no ideal common practice is available and the storage conditions may differ from phage to phage. There is disparity among the scientific community regarding bacteriophage storage conditions and various conditions (4 oC, -20 oC, -80 oC and liquid nitrogen freezing at -196°C) are used by different laboratories. In this study, the storage stability of five bacterio
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...s, dendritic cells, macrophages and activation of T and B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulates cytokine response and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) production which boost innate immune response. Hypovitaminosis D is a significant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low levels of vitamin D has been detected in different diseased cases. Recent investigations have reported various cells of body exhi...
Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8
...ve immune system against phages, plasmids and foreign genomic elements. Mostly prokaryotes uses their CRIPR Cas system to enhance the integrity of their cell membrane that inhibit the permeability of antimicrobials from host body into the bacterial cells. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to evade from the host immune system by suppressing the activity of their immune receptors e.g. TLR. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to attach with the host body and ...
Mohamed I. Azzam1, Safaa M. Ezzat1, K. A. El-Dougdoug2, Badawi A. Othman2
...the bio-diversity of coliphages to use as bio-indicators for viral water
pollution. The study elucidates the occurrence of enteric viruses at various locations in
Rosetta Branch of the Nile River in addition to five main drains located on its sides which
selected for confirmation the eco-diversity of aquatic viral isolates. The evaluation was
carried out using real time-quantitative reverse transcriptase - polyme...
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
...the abundance of rhizobiophages in Egypt. Rhizobiophages were isolated from the rhizosphere of different legume plants. While no temperate phages were detected, two groups of phages were determined based on their virulence. Highly virulent phages designated as group V showed clear plaques and were able to infect many o...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...domonas spp. and bacteriophages were isolated from residential wastewaters. The isolated Pseudomonas spp. were confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibiogram was done with nine (9) different antibiotics, including;aztreonam (ATM), chloramphenicol (CPL), gentamicin (GTN), tetracycline (TTE), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), meropenem (MEM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CRO)). Plaque assay was done to determine lyti...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...erichia coli and bacteriophages were isolated from farmlands and residential wastewaters. The isolated Escherichia coli were confirmed through phenotypic and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test to nine antibiotics was determined. Multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was assessed. Spot assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacteriophage on the lawns of the Escherichia coli. The phenotypic and biochemical tests confirmed Escherichi...
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2
... of neutrophils and macrophages in the meningen, and ischemic neuronal pyknosis were found in the brain. In the synovial tissue, there is a heavy infiltration of neutrophils with few macrophages. Microbiological examination showed the growth of small round colonies, grayish-white, mucoid but hemolysis reaction was not clearly visible. On Gram staining, the bacteria looks purple, the coccus arranged like a chain, reacts negat...
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
...ssed the efficacy of two phages, MHH6 and PR2, against Escherichia coli serotype O6 infected in chickens. A total of 420 broilers were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups. The negative control (NC) birds received no E. coli or phages, whereas the positive control (PC) birds were infected with E. coli only. The NC+MHH6 and NC+PR2 treatments received 109 pfu/ml of phages MHH6 or PR2,...
Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2
...ory cells, and CD68 macrophages were detected in the infected mice. Most samples of mice expressed a different level of tissue necrosis where anti-caspase-3 was examined. Additionally, several mast cells in the mice liver samples were observed. By reestablishing efficient immune responses and preventing evasion mechanisms of the parasite, these findings help improve the understanding of local immune responses to CE and maybe lead to the design of novel treatme...
Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1*
Aryaf Mahmood Sabea1*, Majida A. Al-Qaiym2
...hocytes and CD68 on macrophages were affected inversely by hypothyroidism. Selenium supplementation synergies levothyroxine in reestablishment the activity of lymphocytes and macrophages. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that thyroid hormones had regulatory role for innate and adaptive, and in order to reach the best result of treating hypothyroidism and improving the activity of the immune cells , selenium m...
Sajida Batool1, Mubeen Akhtar1, Shafaat Yar Khan1,2*
...of mega-karyocytes, macrophages and mast cell specifically in stress condition. This research is first contribution to find correlation of IL3 with hematological aspects in polycystic females.
...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...align: justify;">Bacteriophages have crucial advantages over conventional methods of controlling pathogenic bacteria in which they have a high ability to self-reproduce, host specificity, and develop with their bacterial hosts. The most common pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fresh meat and identified using the VITEK II automated system. Phages specific to Escherichia coli,
Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...ctor. The use of bacteriophages, as a potential replacement, for antibiotics and as food antimicrobial agents to potentially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiologically characterize lytic bacteriophages against Enteritidis, and to ascertain their efficacy in modulating bacterial population on chicken breast cuts in the form of a phage cocktail. Out of ...
Madbouly*, H.M.; Saif**, M.A. and Hussein* , A.S.
...gocytic activity of macrophages. All groups were challenged with vvNDV for detecting the protection percent. From this study it could be concluded that MDV vaccine has an immunosuppressive effect on chicks and this could be antagonized by immunostimulant as curcuma longa The surprising immuno-stimulatory effect of curcuma is in the induction of protection level 80% in treated but not NDV vaccinated group which equivalent to that group vaccinated with NDV vacci...
Eisa*, Nawal A.; Abd El-Ghafar **, N. Y. Abd EL-Mageed*, M.H.; Mohamed* , F.G. and Hasan*, Eman O.
...nrichment technique. The phages produced plaques (4-5mm, diameter) with a distinct translucent spreading halo. Presumptive phage particles associated with X vesicatoria were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Particle size and morphology of each phage isolate were examined by electron microscopy. The obtained results indicated that, the isolated phages were of the head and tail types. Four
Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.
...tered to concentrate coliphages, enteric and H5Nl viruses. Coliphages infecting Escherichia coli were detected in both of sewage polluted samples and chlorinated water samples especially in warmer seasons, however, maximum counts were recorded during summer and the minimal were detected in winter. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. Electron microscopy reveale...
Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin
...: justify;">Five bacteriophages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain were isolated from agricultural drain water of Zagazig city. One of them designated as PAI has been characterized. The ability of phage PAI to form plaques with strain PAOI was examined. Two kinds of plaques (turbid and clear) have been observed. The average number of turbid plaques was 2.52 x 109 pfu/ml whereas of clear plaques was 9.96 x 107 pfu/n) l. The phage was able to lysis 13 out o...
Mayada A. Abd Elgalell; B.A Othman2; Th. Radwan, 1 and Amal S.M. Abo-Sinna3
...gned as PPI and PP2. The phages were propagated and purified by polyethylene glycol, 6000-sodium dextran sulfate 500 two phase system. The two phages had different ultraviolet absorption spectra. Results of the lytic pattern of both phages showed that, they had a restricted host range. Particle morphology of the isolated phages was determined and it was ...
B. A. Othman; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug; M. H. Abdel Ghaffar and T. F. El-Arabi
...xt-align: justify;">Four phages singed as RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4 specific for Rhizobium meliloti (R meliloti) were isolated from tested rhizosphere soil samples collected from Qalyubia and North Sinai Governorates based on plaque morphology, The extinction spectra of purified preparations showed A260/A280 of 1.25. 1.16. 1.28 and 1.24 for RM1, RM2, RM3, and RM4, respectively. When the purified preparations of RM1, RM2, and RM3 phages
Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4
...release in alveolar macrophages; and personalized modified prodrugs can achieve drug release in alveolar macrophages. It is possible to produce physicochemical qualities suited for inhalation administration while reducing medication toxicity. Overall, using prodrug technology may be able to meet the different needs of inhaled drug development and give ideas for how to make new inhaled drugs....
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3
...iotics, CRISPRs, bacteriophages, nanotechnology and phytochemicals....
Marah Salim Hameed1, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy2*
...y for monocytes and macrophages do not correlate with blood urea and creatinine concentrations. Vitamin E -sodium selenite and vitamin C have important role in enhancement for renal functional activity and clearance of urea and creatinine; They considered potent antioxidant that ameliorates the histopathological effects of sodium nitrate on renal tissue. Concentrations of blood urea and creatinine have no effect on potent scavenging activity of monocytes and m...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...filtration of giant macrophages in the B. abortus ΔpurD mice group as compared to the parent RB51 mice group indicating superior immune response generation. The findings of this study revealed that the highly attenuated B. abortus ΔpurD mutant can be used effectively as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate for the control of bovine brucellosis both in local and international settings....
Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi
...IBV. ...
Abdullah Khazal Mohsen1, Sura Emad Jassim2, Tania T. Alaridhi3, Amran M. Al-Erjan4, Qais R. Lahhob5*, Mustafa Mudhafar6,7
...o find out if the use of phages can eradicate E. coli infections in cattle or not. Four such farms, positive to E. coli, were randomly chosen out of the sampled feces of the calves. This is best explained by the method of oral gavage; where the phages were added to milk and then the calves fed on the mixture on a daily basis. All the calves in the study were treated with an oral decoquinate that would help prevent coccidiosi...
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Humic Acid on Blood Parameters, Antioxidant Activity, Serum and Bone Minerals in Laying Hens
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