Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
...collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied areas. Moreover, using serotype-specific primers (SA(F)/SA(R)) which target the VP1 gene, serotype O was co...
Sehrish Kanwal, Ali Saeed, Muhammad Munir, Memoona Arshad
British Journal of Virology
...collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied areas. Moreover, using serotype-specific primers (SA(F)/SA(R)) which target the VP1 gene, serotype O was co...
Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
British Journal of Virology
...collected from suspected outbreaks in Southern Punjab. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR with P1/P2 and 1F/1R universal primer pairs directly from field samples including tissues, vesicle and secretion. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied areas. Moreover, using serotype-specific primers (SA(F)/SA(R)) which target the VP1 gene, serotype O was co...
El-Sayed M. Abdelwhab, Jutta Veits and Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Avian Influenza H5N1 in Egypt: What we Know and What we have to Know?
... has experienced endemic outbreaks of avian influenza viruses (AIV) of subtype H5N1 in poultry since 2008. Since then, these viruses continue to evolve. In 2006-2008, outbreaks were reported mostly during the winter season, but in 2009-2012 they occurred year round. H5N1 AIV succeeded in infecting not only domesticated birds but also many other avian species and mammals. Infections of humans were accompanied by mutations in ...
Simon Mwangi Kihu1*, George Chege Gitao1, Lily Caroline Bebora1, Njenga Munene John1, Gidraph Gachunga Wairire2, Ndichu Maingi1, Raphael Githaiga Wahome1, Davis Njuguna Karanja1, Julius Otieno Oyugi3, Ernest Lutomia3
...atic and devastating PPR outbreaks in Turkana County. In this context, an outbreak of PPRV was observed in Tukana County in 2011 and the current study detail the clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of this outbreak. The disease was clinically manifested by the depression, diarrhea, difficult breathing, muco-purulent ocular-nasal discharges with matted eyelids and encrusted nostr...
Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4
...PPRV strains that caused outbreak in Tandahimba district in 2011. A total of 17 (sheep=0, goats=17) out of 27 (sheep=3, goats=24) were positive for PPRV N gene. The nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis clus- tered the PPRV from Tandahimba into lineages II and IV. The results give evidence of at least two separate introductions of PPRV into Southern Tanzania, underlining the transboundary nature of the disease, particularly in regions with uncontrolled...
Guoyi Li1, Haiyan Tong1, Jiansheng Chen2, Jinliang Wei2, Xiaoming Zhao2, Guoping Zhang2, Zixue Shi2*
E-mail | shizixue@gmail.com
...ustralia, where periodic outbreaks take thousands of lives. With rapid globalisation and climatic shift, JEV has started to emerge in previously unaffected areas. Scientific evidences show that JEV would remain a global pathogen and might cause worldwide pandemics. Currently, more research is required to be applied to JEV pathogenesis and antivirus therapy. This review aims to reveal the exigency of developing a worldwide effort to acknowledge the importance o...
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: mohammedvet1986@gmail.com; mohammed_abdelmohsen@cu.edu.eg
...for its transmission and outbreaks. Many disinfectants have been evaluated for their inactivation ability, but there is still a need for their evaluation under different conditions and in different ways. In the present study, representative disinfectants from chlorine and non-chlorine oxidizing agents have been evaluated for their virucidal ability against two distinct Egyptian subclades of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI); (A/...
Behzad Hussain1, 2, Abdullah Iqbal2, Muhammad Abubakar2*
...tiple sporadic cases and outbreaks have occurred in subsequent years and till today. CCHF outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 40%, which is alarming. It is a zoonotic disease and the virus is transmitted mainly to the humans through hard tick bite and direct contact with blood of the infected animal. The occurrence of CCHF outbreak in Pakistan is increased quite significantly near...
Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*
...at risk of the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on different dates i.e. Jul. 1, 11 and 21 treated with different N-rates starting from 40 kg ha-1 with a 40 kg increment to the maximum of 160 (kg ha-1) including a control ...
Moustafa Kardjadj
...ponsible for most of the outbreaks. However, the rapid spread of SAT2 and other exotic FMDV lineages in Libya and Egypt demonstrated the need for a robust surveillance system to detect and respond effectively to exotic infections. Emergence and re-emergence of FMD virus genotypes/lineages has been detected necessitating frequent replacement of the vaccine strains. The present review summarizes the knowledge generated in epidemiology, di...
Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman
... India as more number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly, round the year and most frequently during the lean period throughout the country. In some Indian states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Chhattisgar h the PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined after implementing the strategic mass vaccination programme. The decreased number of outbreaks in...
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
...text-align: justify;">An outbreak of Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR), possibly caused by the introduction of new animals in the herd, was investigated in an unvaccinated mixed herd of sheep and goats. Goats in the herd showed characteristic signs of PPR including nasal and ocular discharges, high temperature, diarrhea and ulcerative lesions in the oral cavity. A total of eighteen goats from a herd of sixty, were affected and two goats succumbed ...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...urrent and natural field outbreak of CIA and IBD in a commercial poultry farm in Nigeria....
Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar
...e occurrence of previous outbreaks of PPR virus due to persistency of virus in endemic regions....
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
... strain isolated from an outbreak in a peacock flock was undertaken. Proteolytic cleavage site of F0 showed a cleavage motif (112RRQKR↓F117), representative of a velogenic serotype. Moreover, based on F and HN gene nucleotide sequence analysis, the isolate clustered as genotype VII closely associated to those reported from Indonesia. Further sequence analysis of hyper-variable region within F gene revealed its clustering t...
Pam D Luka, Frank N Mwiine, Bitrus Yakubu, Joseph Erume, Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez, Hermann Unger and David Shamaki
...ASF in Nigeria, periodic outbreaks have continued to occur among domestic pigs with a few incidences in wild pigs. However, to investigate the risk of a tick-domestic pig transmission cycle in Nigeria, 3,288 serum samples were collected from domestic pigs from 10 states and analysed for anti-tick antibodies using the recombinant TSGP1 indirect ELISA. Of the samples analysed, 13.4% (442/3,288) showed moderate to high reactivity, suggestive of domestic pigs&rsqu...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
... Pakistan causing severe outbreaks since 2005, the molecular epidemiology in mosquito (dengue vectors) is limited. Here, we investigated the vertical transmission of dengue virus (DENV) in the Aedes mosquitoes and its (DENV) transmission through other factors mainly tyres trade. DENV was detected in Aedes aegypti (57%) and Aedes albopictus (43%) adults (n=1050) and larvae (n=550). The samples were collected from four (Shuba Bazaar, Tarnab ...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
... year. To address dengue outbreak 2013 in Pakistan we aimed to conduct a comprehensive study at molecular level to determine the main causative serotype of 2013 DENV outbreak in Pakistan. Overall 703 serologically positive suspected patients from different major health centers of Pakistan were registered in present study of which 214 were females and 489 were male. Overall weighted prevalence of PCR positivity was 38% (268)....
Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4
... endemic in Pakistan and outbreaks are continuously being reported with high morbidity, drop in egg production and reduced weight gain. Besides economic losses to the poultry industry, these viruses pose a significant threat to public health. Owing to significant involvements of neuraminidase (NA) gene in virus pathobiology by mediating virus entry and release, the present study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship of currently prevailing H...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...out during the suspected outbreaks of PPR/FMD in sheep and goats in Hail. Saudi Arabia. During the outbreaks 271 (20.6%) died out of 648 (49.3%) of affected animals, the overall morbidity in goats (33.3%) was higher as compared to sheep (12.3%), with a case fatality rate in goats reached 74.69% in the 2nd outbreak. Affected animals exhibited fever, stomatitis, mucopurulent to bloody nasal/...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
... diarrhea as a result of outbreak occurred in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in 2015. A total of 81 E.coli were isolated from 83 fecal samples. The organisms were inoculated on MacConkey agar and EMB agar and identified via biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect representative virulence factors or genes, including E.coli adherence factor (K88, CS31A, afaE-8), toxins (estA, estB, Stxl, Stx2, EAST1), pathogeni...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...ce, investigating the EI outbreak 2015-16, and describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where the seroprevalence for H3N8 was 14.51% (101/696), for H7N7 6.03% (42/696), and 3.59% (25/696) as mixed infections, suggesting EIV current and active circulation in equine population of Pakistan. Statistic...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
...eighty-four (n = 84) PPR outbreaks were investigated during the study (2010 to 2013). The highest number of outbreaks was reported from Punjab province (n = 38) followed by Sindh (n = 21) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, n = 10). In 48 out of 84 outbreaks, disease occurred in goats only while 18 outbreaks affected sheep only and the remaining occurred in mix...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
... necessary to prevent ND outbreaks. Natural resources have been exploited to obtain antiviral compounds in several latest studies. In this study, the antiviral activity of Viro Care GZ-08™ was checked up invitro, in-ovo and in-vivo. The cytotoxicity assay of the product was performed using Vero cell line. All the trials revealed that the stock solution and 1:2 dilution of GZ-08™ had some antiviral activity as well as were cytotoxic. As the concentr...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
...terests after its recent outbreak in Brazil and America in 2015, where it affected millions of people. Studies have shown its role in developing microcephaly and GBS Syndrome. There is a need to develop drugs against ZIKV. Here we uses pharmacoinformatics techniques to identify potential inhibitors against ZIKV protease NS2B-NS3, which has a well-known role in the viral replication. By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has b...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...gical studies of disease outbreak and the adaptation of vaccine strategies. In spite of appropriate administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To identify the serotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for recent outbreaks, the s...
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
...egions of China and many outbreaks are not reported. This study was undertaken to investigate the sero-prevalence and immunization program optimization of serotype O of FMD through ELISA and IHA in pigs in Zhejiang. A total of 368 serum samples were collected from June to July in 2016. Out of these samples, 23 (6.79%, 95% CI 4.4-9.9) pigs were found positive for FMD antibodies with the further distribution of 9.09% (95% CI 4.6–15.7), 6.90% (95% CI 2.6&nd...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...Hail, Saudi Arabia where outbreaks are regularly reported. This study was carried out to analyze nucleoprotein (N) gene of PPRV from fatal infections in small ruminants. For this purpose, RNA was extracted from suspected animal samples (n=18) and were screened by real time-PCR. Additionally, to assess the phylogenomics, the N gene was amplified and sequenced from sheep and goats (n=12). Nucleotide identity among Hail strains was identified to be 96.2-100%, whi...
Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib
... causing majority of the outbreaks in the Pakistan during recent years. Moreover, only one residue of VP1 region was under positive selection pressure for serotype A (position 141) located in known critical antigenic region but as a whole protein was under negative selection pressure for serotype O, A and Asia 1. Therefore, under mass vaccination campaigns and drastic environmental conditions strains under negative selection has the ability to make escape muta...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...reduce the risk of PPMV1 outbreaks. ...
Temel Göktürk1,* and Göksel Tozlu2
... the globe. Recently, an outbreak has been reported in young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in Artvin - Borçka, Turkey. In order to propose effective control measures, this study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of two biopesticides against D. pini ile N. sertifer larvae. Different doses of Pyrethrum and Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides (Spruzit® Neu from 150ml to 600ml/100 l, and DiPel<...
Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
...o the poultry flocks and outbreaks have occurred even in vaccinated flocks. Commercial Newcastle disease virus vaccines can provide various levels of protection against challenge with different NDV genotypes, raising the importance of the relationship between vaccines and field strains. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the effect of moisture percentage and pH on the persistence of velogenic NDV genotype VII in the poultry manure which considers a maj...
Muhammad Rehan1, Asim Aslam1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Muhammad Abid2, Shakeel Hussain3, Javeria Umber4, Ahsan Anjum1 and Altaf Hussain2*
...s and continuously cause outbreaks in commercial poultry throughout the world. Despite intensive vaccination, ND is endemic in Pakistan and locally known as Ranikhet. Wild birds are considered natural reservoirs of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and some common resident or migratory wild birds are associated with outbreaks of ND in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Continuous isolation of new genotypes in Pakistan shows the evo...
Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3
...-align: justify;">Severe outbreaks of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were reported in Egypt despite vaccination. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses circulating in Egypt during the period of 2017 - 2018. Sixteen pooled bursal tissue samples were collected from IBD suspected (9 Egyptian balady and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different localities at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. These sa...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...015-2018. Out of 588 NDV outbreaks 95 flocks were confirmed positive NDV by rRT-PCR using genotyping primers, with a prevalence rate of 16.2%. NDV outbreaks were recorded in 16 governorates, from total of18 investigated governorates and the recorded geo-prevalence of 89 %. Twenty-five samples were selected for further sequencing for the partial fusion protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 20 samples are genotyped as v...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1, Samia Afzal1,*, Zareen Fatima1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...genomic status of dengue outbreak in Pakistan through ELISA and PCR. In this study 720 samples were collected from different diagnostic centre’s/laboratories of Pakistan for ELISA and PCR tests. Out of 703 dengue positive samples, 93.5% were anti-dengue IgM positive, 71.5% were anti-dengue IgG positive and 81.3% were anti-dengue NS1 positive. Among these seropositive samples, 39.66%, 40.15% and 36.88% were PCR positives, respectively. This immunological ...
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
...in Pakistan and repeated outbreaks are continuously being reported with high mortality in poultry and non-poultry avian species. In this study, five AAvV-1s have been pathotyped and genetically characterized from vaccinated birds collected between 2013-14. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi with high similarity of 97.9 to 99.8% with similar viruses in this clade. Analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence...
Khaled Kaboudi*
... Africa, where the first outbreaks were described since the end of 1990s, many features about epidemiology and genetic characteristics are still little known. This review summarized the epidemiological situation of H9N2 subtype in poultry in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia. Human infection was reported in Egypt and serosurveys programs showed high positivity, particularly in poultry workers. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the most of H9N2...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Arfan Ahmad1* and Muhammad Anees2
...genes of CAV strain from outbreaks in broiler flock (n=45) were undertaken in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis clustered study strains of CAV in group II similar to those reported previously from China. These findings are helpful for an understanding of currently circulating strains of CAV; however, they require further analysis to intervene in necessary strategies to avoid future outbreaks in comme...
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...ndustry worldwide. Field outbreaks of IBD in 18 different poultry farms in the Chakwal district were confirmed by clinicopathologic examination and PCR. A total of 6 isolates of IBDV from these outbreaks were genetically characterized based on hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. IBDV strains were grouped into two distinct clusters on the basis of nucleotide sequences of hyper-variable region of the VP2 gene. According to ...
Bhandari Jyoti1,2, Yasen Shali3, Zhang Zehua4, Yao Xiaoho5, Deng Jiang3, Zhang Yaling5, Wang Cuiling5, Li Yang5, Lei Xueping5, Wang Wenfeng5, Mohammad Farooque Hassan6 and Li Can1,*
...ry of this pest on their outbreak sites. The second objective was to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of L. m. tibetensis Chenon both meadow and farmland. The lowest and highest population densities in meadow were recorded in early May and mid June respectively whereas in farmland lowest was recorded in late June and highest was in early June. The average population density in meadow was 3.1 m-2 and in farmland was 4.52 m-2...
Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
...tections showed that the outbreaks were going in study population and confirmed positive for PPRV by IcELISA and RT-PCR (N-gene). The study revealed a comparison of PPRV occurrence in the different production system of small ruminants and on-going disease outbreaks in the target area.
...
Shilong Chen1,2, Shifeng Xiao1,2, Shao Wang1,2, Fengqiang Lin1,2, Xiaoxia Cheng1,2, Xiaoli Zhu1,2, Dandan Jiang1,2, Shaoying Chen1,2* and Fusong Yu3*
...goose parvovirus causing outbreaks of short beak and dwarfism syndrome duckling in Chinese duck flocks. The aim of this review is to describe the current knowledge on SBDSV with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, genomic organization and pathogenesis. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of cross-species transmission, retardation and beak atrophy are still needed to be elucidated. ...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
...ean have faced the major outbreaks of Chikungunya virus because of its travel associated febrile nature. An inexplicable paralyzing disease has trapped thousands of people in Karachi region of Pakistan and the symptomatology among suspected cases was compatible with Chikungunya fever. Thus Chikungunya outbreak was reported in Pakistan but actually the recent reports about the occurrence of Chikungunya <...
Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Asim Aslam1*, Muhammad Yasin2, Tahir Yaqoob2 and Beenish Zahid3
...fectious Bronchitis (IB) outbreaks are not uncommon in endemic countries. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of commercially available vaccines against each virus alone as well as co-infections with NDV and IBV in commercial poultry. For assessment of vaccine efficacy, commercial chickens were vaccinated with La Sota (against NDV) and Massachusetts (against IBV) vaccine preparations. After screening the protective titers in ...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...ponsible for the disease outbreak that caused massive mortality of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in 2016. We isolated the pathogenic bacteria (HNM-1) from the infected A. sinensis and identified its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Virulence and pathogenesis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal injection of the etiological agent to the healthy A. sinensis. Physiological and...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...iginating from the field outbreaks for phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses, and a comparison of three-dimensional protein structures. The N gene ORF was 1578 nucleotide long with a single open reading frame encoding 526 amino acids. Similarly, the ORF of F gene was 1641 nucleotide long which encoded 547 amino acids. Upon phylogenetic analysis of the country isolates with the vaccine strains, it was revealed that isolates ...
M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4
...RV) has caused a serious outbreak of disease in small ruminants recently in 2008 in Morocco. The field data obtained during the outbreak indicated that there were marked differences in breed susceptibilities to PPRV infection. In the field exotic breeds of Alpine goats were observed to be highly susceptible to the disease, with mortality rates approaching 100%, contrary to local breeds which were less susceptible to the dise...
Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*
Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
...veloping nations and the outbreaks occur mainly in the post monsoon season when the drinking water gets contaminated with sewage. However, the mode of acquisition of infection is different in developed nations with good sanitary conditions where the infection is a zoonosis. Though the virus has only one serotype, 8 genotypes have been documented. Out of these, HEV 1 and 2 have been reported from developing countries and are transmitted mainly through faeco-ora...
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8
Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
...severe novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on domestic students who were at high risk of exposure. A cross sectional study was conducted through a semi structured questionnaire. Recruitment of participants was done from different universities of Pakistan. The results showed that the students are more concerned about their family members (p=0.00). Under this influence they have increased the frequency of handwashing and use masks when they have to go outside....
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1,2*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan3, Md. Abul Hashem2,4, Mohammad Eliyas5 and A.K.M. Mostafa Anower1
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection: An Emerging Threat to Cattle Health in Bangladesh
... first occurrence of LSD outbreak in Bangladesh has been reported to the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). LSD is a vector-borne disease, and climatic conditions of Bangladesh are favorable for the propagation of vectors, which should influence the rapid transmission of LSD in the cattle population of Bangladesh. Therefore, LSD may appear as a big challenge to cattle health in Bangladesh in the near future. Consequently, it is very important to take ...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...e the risk of unexpected outbreaks....
Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*
Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
...us strain, and causes an outbreak in unimmunized humans or chickens. In reducing losses due to H9N2 infection, rapid diagnosis is an option to prevent further infections. Office International des Epizooties (OIE) suggested some methods for the detection of H9N2 infection including the immunofluorescence method that is commonly known as the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay. This method is a combination of immunology and bio-imaging. This DFA assay is rap...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
... of insect to avoid pest outbreak.
Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
... Pakistan due to endemic outbreak in every spring season; therefore the current study was conducted for isolation and molecular identification of new strains of C. perfringens Type D for effective diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected aseptically from four different zones of district Peshawar during the period of February, 2019 to April, 2019. C. perfringens Type D was confirmed through bacterial cu...
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2
An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...s). In case of pod borer outbreaks, chemical insecticides remain as last option for farmers. However, management of chickpea pod borer through use of resistant cultivars, adopting recommended cultural practices and biological control measures have been found more effective, economical, sustainable and eco-friendly....
Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi
Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...al in avoiding severe SB outbreaks. A comprehensive review article discusses the morphological as well as molecular dimension of pathogens, their effects, pathogenicity, integrated disease management approaches, and future views....
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...oice which include: Fire outbreak, thieves, cattle herdsmen attack, flood occurrence, transportation problem, poor storage facility, inadequate capital, lack of land/ tractor, poor price, high cost of chemical, inadequate fertilizer, lack of improved seed, inadequate extension officers, and lack of credit facilities. This study recommends that new innovations and technology that targets increased productivity should be promoted, provision of adequate extension...
Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khalid Munir1, Ghulam Abbas1’*, Isra Munir1, Mumtaz Ahmad Khan1, Asif Iqbal1, Munsoor ud Din Ahmad1, Muhammad Arshad Javid2, Zareen Fatima1 and Maria Arshad1
Saad A. Moussa1, Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdullah2*, Mahmoud Saied1, Mustafa Saleh1, Mohamed A. Soliman2 and Ali Mahmoud Zanaty2
...ative agent of recent ND outbreaks in vaccinated broiler flocks in Menofia governorate, Egypt was found to belong to very virulent genotype VII. This strain was genetically identical to Egyptian genotype VII isolates isolated in the last period.
...
Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2*
...t owner to limit further outbreaks.
...
Hala K. Abdelmegeed 1, Eman M. Abohatab 1, Khattab,O. M. 1 , Salem, S.A.H. 1 , Arafa, A. 2, Nashwa M. Helmy 3
...e samples collected from outbreaks in period November 2013 –July 2014 the season Autumn and winter for forming an Epidemiological map for 10 governorates of the circulating strains during this period
...
Magdy, Mariam1 ; Abou ElHassan D.G. 2 ; and Salem, S.A.H 3
...s enzootic form and many outbreaks had occurred since 1950 and
onwards. FMDV serotype (O) was the most prevalent until serotype (A) appeared in 2006 then
during April and May 2012, six outbreaks of FMD serotype (SAT 2) were reported in Egyptian
governorates. This study based on evaluation of vaccinated animals by detection of antibodies
against serotypes of FMDV (A),(O) and (SA...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1
...e current study focus on outbreak recorded in El Zahraa Stud for Arabian horses during 2014 and recorded officially for the first time by OIE in Egypt by the notification presented by Chairman, General Organization for Veterinary Services (GOVS), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the samples collected from the stud were either aborted fetal tissues or nasal swaps from apparently healthy animals and previously aborted mares the current study focuses...
Ayman S. El-Habbaa 1, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1, Samar F. El-Adaway2, and Susan S. El-Mahdy2
...
Background: In Egypt, outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) have been occurring in vaccinated chickens with great economic losses. Objective: This work aimed for diagnosis and characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) from infected broiler chickens in Egypt. Methods: Suspected virus isolates on embryonated chicken eggs was detected by Hemagglutination (HA) test and identified using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. F protein encoding gene of NDV ...
Muhammad G. Khodary1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed M. Emara2, Othman E. Othman1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...div>
disease (FMD) outbreaks among cattle and buffalo herds in Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the
contribution of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and characterization of the circulating strains
associated with the outbreaks.
Methods: The collected samples of Oropharyngeal, oral epithelial tissue and/or vesicular fluids were
tested by real time Reverse transcri...
Dina A. Abdulrahman1, Ayman H. EL-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shaheen1 & Hussein A. Hussein2
...sative agent of multiple outbreaks and
severe economic losses in the cattle population since its introduction in Egypt. Although vaccination is
practiced to control the disease, it is still endemic. Moreover, emergence of new strains is possible
through the international borders of the endemic countries. Consequently, there is a dire need for
routine molecular characterization of the circulating FMDV strains to e...
Ayman S. El-Habbaa1 and Mervat E. Radwan2
...t with repeated periodic outbreaks.
Objective: To investigate strain detection and genetic analysis of BEF virus among suspected cattle in
August 2017, Qualyubia, Egypt.
Methods: Partial sequence was generated after detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequent gel purification of the amplified products of G gene of BEF virus.
Results: BEF virus was circulating i...
Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...ound: Lumpy skin disease outbreaks were observed in different governorates of Egypt
affecting cattle throughout the year and are still present. The progressive shift of the outbreak in Egypt
during 2018 causing severe losses in cattle population despite vaccination, which may incur some
debates on the efficacy of current live attenuated vaccines against CaPVs. The virus isolation,
<...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9
...f health risks, illness, outbreaks, and even death. The goal of this study was to look at the students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on food safety and cleanliness at a different institution in KPK, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done among 1000 government and private university students in KPK, Pakistan, using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire with a total of 26 questions. Self-administered survey forms were used to collect dat...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3
... and host effects on the outbreak of this crucial pest. The research work was conducted in two gardens (50 hectors) of mango fields of Mirpur Khas, known as mango land of Sindh during (2014-2015) seasons. The two sites of garden with different varieties of mango were selected and 10 traps hanged in (1hector) trees. Methyl eugenol (volatile chemical) embedded in homemade (plastic bottles) traps with cotton soaked. Traps were changed weakly (10-20 replications)....
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan, Gang Li, Caiyun Luo and Ying He
...d there have been severe outbreaks of it in Hippophae rhamnoides plantations in North China. To study the effects of short-term high temperatures on its feeding, mating, longevity, and fecundity, T. vishnou gigantina were cultivated at 30, 35, and 40°C for 1, 2, and 4 h. The results showed that the different intensities and durations of the high temperatures had significant impacts on the moth’s survival and reproduction. With increased...
Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari
...nomic impact of COVID-19 outbreak on these businesses to provide policy recommendations to support MSE. Primary data and secondary data were used for this study as the source of data. Three multistage sampling techniques was employ to select 372 MSE in six district towns of Western Shewa Zone by administering personal interview. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation were used to measure the associat...
Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2
...c. Since last decade the outbreaks of AIVs have been increased globally including Pakistan. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 viruses in broilers at Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 1920 samples, including each of 960 blood samples and tracheal swabs were collected from broilers and tested through hemagglutination inhibition (HI), AIV-ELISA and RT-PCR. The HI test revealed a significant (P<0.01) dif...
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1
...ion for birds against ND outbreaks, where expected to be due to genotype mis-matched vaccines to the rapidly evoluted NDV field strains. Herein, the present study investigated the prevalence and the phylography of currently epidemic genotypes of NDV. Out of 550 samples were collected during an active surveillance in 2020 and 2021 from different poultry farms in five Egyptian governorates, 100 pooled samples were tested for NDV identification. NDV replication a...
Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah
...haracterized by sporadic outbreaks of the disease occurring mostly during the dry season. It is hereby recommended that policy makers should timely provide prioritized budgetary allocation for the control of LF. In addition, sustained public enlightenment campaigns on strict hygienic practices and rodent control are also advocated....
Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1
...tion. Infectious disease outbreaks adversely influence the production potential and consequently cause economic losses. Epidemiological data regarding magnitude of these disease outbreaks is of fundamental importance for planning of a comprehensive control strategy. With retrospective design, this study was conducted from January 2013 through December 2017 in order to assess the disease burden on broilers reared in different...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
...nuous monitoring of IBDV outbreaks in vaccinated chickens and evaluation of the used vaccines are required.
Keywords | IBDV, Identification, Phylogenic tree, Native chickens, RT- PCR
...
Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2
...s resulted in an ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia. This pandemic started from Wuhan City, China and has spread throughout most parts of the world (210 countries). COVID-19 is a large sized, enveloped, positive stranded RNA virus. Out of the four known genera, alpha and beta corona viruses are the most commonly recognized viruses infecting human beings. COVID-19 is a new virus that is highly contagious. It spreads through infected persons in its prodromal st...
Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4
...to prevent the potential outbreak of the disease. This is the first-ever report of sero-detection of CCPP antibodies in the goat population of Nepal. This article confirms the presence of CCPP in Nepal and the potential circulation of the pathogen to other parts of the country warranting the concerned authorities and farmers to be vigilant for keeping this disease at bay....
Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1
...and backyard chicken. AI outbreak is observed every year since its first report in 2007 in Bangladesh. This virus has mutated several times and thereby changed its genetic clades. The prevalence of ND is highest in October and in 0-3 months aged chickens. AMPV generally infects the upper respiratory tract of poultry, which has been isolated for the first time in Bangladesh in 2016. Alternatively, adult chickens are more susceptible to IB and ILT. The prevalenc...
Amreen Zahra1*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2, Hasnain Javed3, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...cluding three regions of outbreak i.e. Kot Imrana Sargodha, Faisalabad and Gujrat. Drug resistance mutations such as T12A, I13A, K14R, I15V, K20I, T31S, E35D, M36I, N37D, R41K, K43X, R57K, Q61H, H69K, K70R and L89M were observed across several sites across the whole length of PR region among the isolates. A significant accessory resistance mutation V32I conferring a low level of resistance against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was observed am...
Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan1*, Qamar Iqbal1, Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Fayaz2, Abdul Kabir2,3, Eid Nawaz2, Marjan Ali2, Shumaila Manzoor2
Omnia Mohamed Khattab1*, Hala Kamel Abdelmegeed2, Mohamed Mahmoud Mashaly1, Mervat Hamdy1*, Naglaa Hagag1, Ayman Hamed3, Hanan Aly Fahmy3, Essam Ibrahim4, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein2, Elsayyad Mohamed Ahmed2
...n: justify;">An abortion outbreak was reported in horse studs, Egypt, in 2019. Investigating the role of EHV-4 in this abortion outbreak in mares using various molecular detection techniques were done using the tentative diagnosis by rt-PCR. The presence of 16 liver and spleen samples out of 20 (80%) from aborted fetuses were positive for EHV-4, but all were negative for EHV-1. Virus isolation trial for EHV-4 were done, elev...
Gawhara Ahmed-Abdelmonem1*, Zeinab Aboezz2, Ahmed Habashi1, Saad Sharawi2
...volved in the latest FMD outbreaks in Egypt. Thirty-six samples (26 blood and 10 oral epithelial tissue samples) were obtained from suspected cattle in three Egyptian governorates during 2019-2020. The samples were screened for FMDV by means of real‑time RT‑PCR that showed nearly 86% (n=31) of the examined samples to be FMDV positive. Virus isolation was carried out on ten of the FMDV positive samples that were selected according to their cycle threshold (...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq*, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Usman, Ahmad Nawaz, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Azeem Akram and Hadeed Ahmad
...ns are conducive for the outbreak of disease. Therefore, integrated management of mango anthracnose is essential. It has been estimated that approximately 25 to 30% loses in mango production are due to anthracnose and stem end rot. Previous investigations revealed that the disease incidence may reach up to 100% on fruits under humid conditions. Many management strategies such as chemical control, biocontrol, use of Phyto-extracts and nanotechnological approach...
Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2
...recurrent episodes of AI outbreaks in a region. The viral shedding through oral and/or cloacal route may be the best way to disseminate infection towards the susceptible ones. Lastly, this study urges to vaccinate the rural poultry birds to prevent further spread of the AIVs that interrupt with commercial poultry production system and also with the community....
Abdul Kabir1, Muhammad Rasheed2, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Mithan Kumar4, Raza Ali Mangi6, Abdul Wahid Solangi4, Sheva Dari1, Saqib Kakar4, Panah Munir4, Ekra Akbar4 and Rameez Raja Kaleri4,5*
...In the December of 2019, outbreak of corona virus started in China. The most common symptoms of this viral infection was observed and reported by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses SARS Cov 2. Main signs and symptoms of infections has been observed, tiredness, shortness in respiration, pain in chest area, dry cough, fever with difficulty in breathiness. Its genome sequence homology study also showed that the nucleotide sequence of human cor...
Sara Magdy Hashim1, Elshaimaa Ismael2, Mohamed Tarek3, Faten Fathy Mohammed1*, Fatma Amer Abdel Reheem3, Rawhia Esawy Doghaim1
...018-2020, causing severe outbreaks in duck farms in Egypt.
Keywords | Avian influenza, HPAI, H5N8, Ducks, Pathology, Egypt.
...
Ahmed Abdul Gafar
...hocks against any future outbreak. Data were collected from over 300 households which include about 165 rice farmers. All the rice farmers are male, with an average age of 34 years with majority 87% reside in rural areas. Most of the farmers are aware of the existence and dangers of COVID-19. Although there was considerable free movement of rural farmers to access their farms, inputs especially fertilizer has been the major constraints to production. More so, ...
Farah Naz1*, Asad Umair2 and Ghazala Noureen3
...ily life and health. The outbreak of the corona virus plunged the world in a state of chaos and uncertainty. As fear and anxiety built up, governments around the world responded to the pandemic by imposing long, nationwide lockdowns in an attempt to “flatten the curve”-a term that refers slowing down the spread of the disease in order to prevent healthcare facilities from being overwhelmed by too many new patients. However, lockdowns and related st...
Carla Meneguin Barbosa1*, Fabio Gregori2, Cairo Monteiro1, Thais Helena Martins Gamon1, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli1, Tânia de Freitas Raso2 and Edison Luiz Durigon1
... species, divided in two outbreaks, one year apart between 2016 and 2017, in a breeding farm in São Paulo State, Brazil. PSHv-1 was detected in 6 species (61 birds) through Nested-PCR, that tested negative for Influenza, Paramyxovirus, Flavivirus, and Adenovirus. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis support these results....
Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie
... and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak has again infected hundreds of thousands of livestock in Indonesia after being declared FMD-free for 32 years since 1990. As of November 18, 2022, FMD is still spreading in 17 provinces in 146 regencies/cities with the the number of infected cows 578.060 heads, recovered 508.494 heads, conditionally cut 13.177 heads, died 10.269 heads, and vaccinated 5.847.113 heads. This article is carried out using literature study and secon...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Muhammad Sufyan Khan1, Tooba Saeed2, Mohammad Ilyas3 and Hazrat Husaain4
... the world. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused major disruption in people’s lives. Various steps are being taken by countries to prevent the spread of COVID-19 disease. This review article aims to investigate about each likely impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. According to the results, agriculture loss in GDP from 2019-2020 is 0.22%, Pakistan’s exports decreased by 54.19%, while imports decreased by 34.4...
Shaimaa M. Ahmed1, Gehan M.A. Kassem1*, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1
...nbsp;...
Balquees Kanwal1*, Syeda Saba Shah1, Syed Waqas Hassan2 and Farzana Shaheen3
...h food related illnesses outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of O157:H7 strain of STEC by detection of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes in 160 chicken meat samples, which are randomly collected from different regions of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. Isolation of pathogen from meat samples were performed with the use of International Organization for standardization based microbiological techniques, while chain reaction technique (PCR) was used for detection...
Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga
...sures to prevent disease outbreaks. Some challenges including technical support, finances, and negligence still remain and need to be addressed to reduce the incidence of disease outbreaks and indiscriminate use of drugs.
...
...
Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1
...lenges to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe significant diseases and pests that are catastrophic to GB’s crops in the future. In addition, this review shows how diseases and pests impact the yields of GB’s crops....
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Aly Mohammed Ghetas1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy2
...ect against repeated NDV outbreaks. Therefore, the aim of the this work is to prepare a secure, sterile and potent an oil inactivated vaccine from a recent local isolate genotype VII 1.1 “NDV-CH-EGY-GIZA-VVTNRC-2021” and evaluates its efficacy against commercially available NDV genotype II vaccines in broiler chickens. Eighty chickens were housed in four groups (A, B, C and D) of 20 birds per group. Group A has been received the experimentally prep...
Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A2
...aracterized by recurrent outbreaks in many countries where the virus is still endemic. This purposive sero-surviellance study was conducted to detect the presence of AI antibodies in chickens and AI appraisal of poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria. One hundred (100) blood samples collected randomly post slaughter from chickens in live bird markets were screened and characterized using Agar Gel Immuno...
Khwaja Junaid and Shah Alam Khan
...r reasons of insect pest outbreak. Contrary, growing resistant rice varieties plays a key role in keeping the insect pest population below economic threshold level. Growing resistant varieties is considered as safe and cost-effective method for the control of (RLF). Keeping in view the importance of the pest and economic value of the crop this experiment is designed to screen thirty five genotypes for resistance against rice leaf folder. These genotypes were e...
Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li
Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...jor foodborne Salmonella outbreaks, is a significant concern for public health and the agro-food sector. The use of bacteriophages, as a potential replacement, for antibiotics and as food antimicrobial agents to potentially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiologically characterize lytic bacteriophages against Enteritidis, and to ascertain their efficacy in modulating bacterial population ...
Yousifl ,3 , Ausama A. and Al-Naeem , Abdelmohsen A.
...o isolate a CMLV from an outbreak in the Eastern Provence of KSA in 2009. The infection produced mild clinical signs in adults and camel calves. We were able to confirm that the isolate was indeed CMLV using PCR and partial sequencing of the A-type inclusion protein (ATIP) gene. The orthopoxvirus (OPV) ortholog genes LIR, A27L, A33R and B5R of the Saudi enzootic CMLV were also investigated using a modified PCR assay. Our data explains some of the variation obt...
Omarl , Dalia M.; El-Ibiaryl , Elham A.; Sadik2, Atef S.; Abdel-Ghaffar2, Mamdouh. H. and Othman2, Badawy A.
...In mid-February 2006, an outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5Nl affected the commercial poultry production sector and backyards in Egypt and resulted dramatic economic losses to the poultry industry of Egypt and continue to pose a serious threat to public health. The present study was designed for detection and isolation of Avian Influenza Viruses (AIV) circulating among poultry since their first detection in 2006. Tracheal and cloacal swabs...
Zaghloull , A.H.; Mahmoud2, Amal; Hassanl , H.Y.; Hemeida2, A.A.; Nayell , M. A. and Zaghawal , A.A.
...d water buffalo. A sever outbreak was recorded in Egypt during 2000 and 2001. Using RT PCR, a primer designed to amplify 438 nucleotide fragments from the glycoprotein G gene allowed specific amplification of BEFV-cell culture isolates from Egypt (Menoufia and Alexandria Governorates) and Japan. The PCR product was sequenced and analyzed. PCR product of Alexandria isolate was cloned and labeled with digoxigenin and used as diagnostic probe for BEF virus infect...
Sharawil , S.S.A. and Abd El-Rahim2, I.H.A.•
...dentified from suspected outbreaks of PPR among sheep and goats in Qalyubia Province, Egypt at 2006. In this study six of this PPRV isolates were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) using primer set for fusion protein (F) epitope, then cDNA were send to Institute of Animal Health Pirbright, England to analyze for their nucleotide sequences of this F protein gene and phylogenic analysis properties, by matching with other reference world record...
Arafa, A ; El-Kanawaty, Z; Hassan, M.K; Anwar, H.K and Mona M.Aly
...ard level in Egypt. This outbreak also was extended to include the zoo birds In Giza zoo. This study records the isolation and characterization of H5Nl virus from different species of the zoo birds and also studies the immune states of the vaccinated birds after application of H5Nl vaccine for the first time one month after the introduction of early outbreaks of 2006. Viral diagnosis was based on direct detection of viral RN...
Hussein, HA; sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH and AA. El-Sanousi
...-emerging of H5Nl severe outbreaks in vaccinaied chickens housed in poultry farms in Sharkia governorate in Egypt was observed starting from October 2007 and continued for 3 months until control measures have been taken in such farms. besides multiple vaccination during this period were applied using Reassortant H5N1 and 6 types Of H5N2 vaccines. In the present study, 9922 serum samples were collected from vaccinated chickens including some broiler breeders an...
Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty
...ustify;">Avian influenza outbreak was firstly appeared in poultry reared in backyards or roofs of homes in Qaluobia & Giza governorates as many notifications were received by the General Organization of Veterinary Services (GOVSs) in February 2006. The disease was spread and recorded in chickens (foreign breeds , Balady , and hybrids ) , turkeys, ducks , geese and wild birds (from Giza Zoo) in 20 out of 26 (76.9 %) of the Egyptian governorates within few w...
M. E. Shawky and A. M. Daoud
...emergency control of FMD outbreaks. ...
Seham A. El-Zeedy1, Dalia A. Abd El-Moaty1, H. A. Hussein2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...n: justify;">Many recent outbreaks of Infectious bursal disease in commercial chicken flocks worldwide are due to the spread of very virulent IBDV. Two Egyptian isolates Of IBDV isolated from Giza (Giza/2000) and Qalyubia (Kal/2001) governorates were characterized by RT/PCR-RFLP assay of a 643 bp hyper variable region Of VP2 gene using BstNI, MboI, and SspI restriction enzymes. The presence of Sspl site in Giza/2000 identified it as vvIBDV while the absence of...
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
... investigation of severe outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) among vaccinated chicken flocks during the period 2002-2003 revealed that all IBDV outbreaks occurred at 18-33 days of age. 70% (21/30) of these outbreaks characterized by typical clinical signs and gross lesions. The mortality rates in these flocks ranged between 9.4-12.8 % (average 11.1%); 16.4-30 % (average 23.2...
M.R. Abd-El Wahab l, H.A. Hussein2, T.M. Asfourl and M.A. Shalaby2
...tion resulting in severe outbreaks. Also, the study demonstrates the continuous genetic diversity of BVDV and exalts the possibility that BVDV in camel may have a distinct group varied from those reported in bovine and ovine populations. ...
S. A. Khalil1; M. El-Sayed2; M. M. El-Fayomy2; H. Y. Hassan3 and A. Zaghawa3
...e disease caused several outbreaks during 2000, 2001 and lastly 2004. The persistence of immunity after natural infection is varied from 6 months to several years. Assessment or maternal antibodies in calves born to naturally infected dams is a matter of interest in order to determine the proper time of vaccination. Twenty-five pregnant Frisian cows in the last stage of pregnancy were naturally infected with BEFV during the Egyptian ou...
Aalaa S. Saad1*, Taghreed H. A. Ali2, Nayerah Alatfeehy3, Dalia Elmasry4
...f Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks caused by eating food is increasing worldwide, and people are increasingly looking for natural ways to stop the development of L. monocytogenes. In this context, propolis, a natural substance produced by bees, looks like an attractive option owing to its antibacterial action against many pathogens in food. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis extract (PE) and propolis nanoemulsion (PN) on L. monocyto...
Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2
...ught about a large-scale outbreak of infectious illnesses, which posed difficulties for the sector. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in various broiler farms located in the Quetta district, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the E. coli isolates to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 150 samples from a variety of sources (cecum, feed, bedding, water, air, and flies; n = 25 each) were collected ...
Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil
...an be used to control ND outbreaks in Egyptian poultry.
Keywords | Orthoavulavirus javaense, Attenuated vaccine, Genotype VII.1.1, Vaccination, Protection, Challenge
...
Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu
...">In June 2021, a sudden outbreak of white muscle disease coincidence with considerable mortality was occurred in Procambarus clarkii which were cultured in Jiangxia fish farm, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. A dominant bacterial colony, named FSN1, was isolated by incubating on Luria-Bertani agar. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rRNA sequencing identified FSN1 isolate as Citrobacter freundii. Drug sensitivity test sh...
M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8
...tterns and trends of FMD outbreaks in Aceh, Indonesia using data from 23 districts between March 2022 to August 2023. The FMD case were collected from the Crisis Centre of Foot and Mouth Disease, Aceh Department of Agriculture, and Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using ArcGIS software to determine the spatial and clustering pattern of FMD. The hotspot and autocorrelation analysis with Moran’s I statistic were conducted to valid...
Habib Asshidiq Syah1, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, I Putu Arya Girinata1, Ahmad Fahrudin Husen1, Rizki Prafitri1, Nurul Isnaini1, Nanang Febrianto1, Putri Utami1, Muhaimin Rifa’i2, Trinil Susilawati1*
Mohammad Ayaz
...logical injuries are the outbreak of forest pests and pathogens, which some times may attain the status of an epidemic, mainly under the influences of climatic conditions. Such catastrophes are controlled partially by human efforts and partially due to normalization of climatic regimes. The losses remain mostly limited to a tree species or an area and do not spread to other parts due to physical, climatic and species barriers. Besides others, the main physical...
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Wali-ur-Rehman
...few years and the insect outbreak was controlled by the natural enemies....
Mohammad Shahid
... the occasional sporadic outbreaks of certain pests that damaged his crops heavily. These sporadic outbreaks occurred perhaps due to the biotic potential or intrinsic rate at which such insects reproduced in the absence of environmental checks. But this happended only occasionally. Often the environmental complex of conditions i.e. biological and physical factors remained more or less unfavourable and caused the environmenta...
Md. Nazrul Islam1*, Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury3’
...did not experience a BSE outbreak so far, Bangladesh has not yet been declared BSE free by OIE due to lack of scientific risk evaluation for BSE. The scientific data were reviewed, hazards were scheduled and surveys were conducted - on import of livestock and its commodities. The analysis was done by the “OIE Risk Analysis Framework 2006 and Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) 2003”,consists of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk manage...
Khansa N. Salsabilah*, Achmad Firman, Lilis Nurlina
... and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak that occurred in Indonesia had an impact on the dairy cattle industry. KPBS Pangalengan is one of the dairy cooperatives that is also affected by the FMD outbreak and is feared to affect financial performance at KPBS Pangalengan. The purposes of this study are to determine the milk production and population of dairy cows before and during the FMD outbreak ...
Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*
...bacteria from ponds with outbreaks of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis at a L. vannamei farm in Zhuhai, China. Among the seven bacteria strains, one strain was isolated from aquaculture water, two strains were isolated from hepatopancreas, and the other four strains were isolated from juvenile shrimp. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical identification showed that all seven pathogenic bacteria were Vibrio parahaemolyticus and that they carried the...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
... 25 herds during the LSD outbreak from June 2020 to May 2022. Approximately 185 of 575 cows showed typical LSDV clinical signs that varied from mild to serious. Diseased animals had fever, anorexia, and decrease milk yield, as well as superficial lymph nodes expansion, the sudden appearance of several nodules varying in size from 0.5 to 6 cm in diameter, and numbers according to infection severity. The infected calves displayed serious signs of illness, such a...
Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das
...lgorithms to predict FMD outbreaks and assess attribute correlations. The dataset is taken from mendely with prevalence ranges from 4.8% to 72.1% in cattle. In this paper we have used total of five algorithms including Naïve Bayes, MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), SMO (Sequential Minimal Optimization), AdaBoostM1, and REP Tree. Each model evaluated using various criteria, such as Accuracy, Kappa statistic, Precision, Recall, F measure, Matthews Correlation Co...
Tran Ngoc Bich1*, Vo Tuan Khai Huyen2, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien1, Dang Thi Tham1, Nguyen Vinh Trung1, Truong Van Hieu3, Thai Quoc Hieu4, Huynh Truong Giang1, Le Quang Trung1
...tors associated with LSD outbreaks in the Mekong Delta. The study documented an LSD outbreak in the Mekong Delta provinces of Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, and Ben Tre between May 2023 and June 2024. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews with farmers impacted by the disease. The collected epidemiological data were analysed, and the LSDV strains were genetically characterised. Out of 1,278 animals...
Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*
...s for controlling future outbreaks. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Barishal, Bangladesh to determine the LSD prevalence and related risk factors in 315 cattle from three upazilas. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to record the data regarding the impact of different factors such as age, sex, breed, floor type, and the housing system, on LSD prevalence. LSD was confirmed by physical examination with nodular lesions on the skin together with...
Thaer W. Enad*, Khalefa A. Mansour
Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6
...sing the risk of disease outbreaks. The addition of antibiotics oil-adjuvant in activated avian influenza vaccine (H9) didn’t improve the bird’s performance as it caused decreasing in final body weight, decreasing in conversion rate, and increasing in mortality rate. The study emphasizes the need for alternative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, while minimizing antibiotic use, without compromising poultry health or public health. The pharmac...
Javeria1,2*, Mudasser Habib1,2 and Muhammad Salahuddin Shah1,2
...ed from reported disease outbreaks and subjected to RT-PCR based on detecting the nucleoprotein (N) gene of the virus which showed 63% positivity rate in the collected samples. It has been shown, based on phylogenetic analysis, that the circulating strains were related to the viruses present within lineage IV with close relationship to the Asian and Middle Eastern isolates. Serologically, the competitive ELISA (cELISA) was used to test antibodies in the same a...
Eslam Arafa1,2, Hanan M.F. Abdien1*, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen3, Emad Diab2,4, Mahmoud Assad2,5, Mohamed Tarek3, Mohsen M.Z. El-Dimerdash1, Wael K. Elfeil1
