Dallin D. Oaks and Cynthia L. Hallen
...Officially known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), Mormonism shares some root metaphors with other Christians but differs in important ways in its development and use of these metaphors. In this paper we discuss the journey, battle, and container metaphors in relation to LDS doctrine and scripture and some crucial implications that grow from these metaphors. The discussion considers the relationship of these metaphors to such matters as...
Wali Khan*, Ghazal Mumtaz, Saima Bibi and Salma Afzal
... lumbricoides 26.7%, Trichuris trichura 19.6%, Taenia saginata 25 % and Entamoeba histolytica cyst 28.5% were detected. The highest prevalence was recorded for Entamoeba histolytica while Trichuris trichura was detected as the least parasitic infection. Coriandrum annum (Coriander) was found highly contaminated 14.2% with parasitic infection while Zingib...
Amitava Konar, S. Paul and Kiran A. More
Efficacy of different insecticidal treatment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal
...thiodicarb and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively) and seedling treatment with imidacloprid before transplanting, succeeded by foliar spray with imidacloprid, novaluron, B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki and novaluron at 30, 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting were most effective in reducing the aphid and whitefly population over control during both the years of study...
Madhuban Gopal, Rajesh Kumar and Arunava Goswami
Nano-pesticides - A recent approach for pest control
...idal properties. Nanosulphur and nanohexaconazole were prepared using encapsulation technique. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the nano-structure of nanopesticides. Nanoparticles of sulphur and hexaconazole thus characterized were estimated for the presence of active ingredient in the formulation adopting analytical te...
N. Mandi and A. K. Senapati
Integration of chemical botanical and microbial insecticides for control of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood infesting chilli
...em 1% W/W) and Bacillus thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki (BT) at gL-1 was evaluated in the field of Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal against thrips. It is evident from the result of present investigation that acetamiprid and thiamithoxam were most effective to minimize the thrips population 93.3% and 89.93% respectively. Neem pesticide (54.2%) and microbial pesticide BT (43.43%) were found moderately effective. However, two sprays of acetamiprid and thiamethox...
S. Pal and I. Sarkar
Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...gladiolus, carnation, anthurium, gerbera, china rose, chrysanthemum, Bird of Paradise, Straw flower. A number of aphid species were found infesting different ornamental plants viz. Myzus persicae on Carnation, gerbera and Anthurium; Macrosiphoniella sanborni on Chrysanthemum; Aphis gossypii on China rose. Other sucking pests infesting ornamentals included Bemisia tabaci on Gerbera, leafhopper on Gladiolus and scale insect (u...
Yasemin Bircan Yildirim* and Hediye Tugce Vurmay
..., horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis), grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), threadfin bream, (Nemipterus randalli), which were caught from the Iskenderun Bay at 6 different locations (local fishermen’s fish market) were evaluated. The Serratia spp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae were is...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
... identified as the major hurdles in the development of livestock sector in Pakistan. To improve the poor quality roughages, exogenous fibrolytic enzyme may play important role by enhancing digestibility of fibre. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying level of fibrolytic enzyme in concentrate ration on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production and composition, and diet digestibility in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Four lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloe...
Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1
...f introduced Milu(Elaphurus davidianus), also known as Père David’s Deer, to their new environment, this study was designed to track and observe 16 Milu, which were released in the Dongting Lake wetland area from Jiangsu, from April 4 to May 12, 2016, using instantaneous scanning and recorded 486 observations. Nineteen types of behaviour were observed which were classified into nine categories: resting, feeding, moving, excreting, parental ...
Omar S.O. Amer1,3,*, Mohamed I. Waly2,4 andSaeed A. Al-Zahrani1
... (n= 174, 1.57%), Trichuris trichiura (n= 118, 1.06%), Hymenolepis nana (n= 51, 0.46 %), Enterobius vermicularis (n= 28, 0.25%) and Taenia saginata (n= 21, 0.19%) respectively. The prevalence rate of these parasites in males and females as well as different age groups per month / year is provided. Intestinal parasitic infection is still a public health problem in Riyadh region, KSA. It is necessary to update the epidemiologic survey...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (FDP-1), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii (FDP-41, BAB-410), 1 strain of Bacillus subtilis (EK-7), 1 strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NEM-28) and 1 strain of Bacillus sphaericus GC sub-group D (FD-49) and additi...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...> 17% (n=43/252), Trichuris trichura 11.1% (n=28/252), Enterobius vermicularis 9.52 (n=24/252), Ancylostoma duodenale 3.96% (n=10/252), Taenia saginata 9.52% (n=25/252) and Hymenolepis nana 2.77% (n=7/252) were detected in order of their prevalence. The adults were found marginally more parasitized than children (P<0.05). The females were more infected than males with (P<0.05). No sig...
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...timization of dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment of peanut shells as substrate for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for pretreatment with and without autoclav...
Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*
...trapped species were: Lophuromys melanonyx (242), Stenocephalemys albocaudata (126), Arvicanthis blicki (86), Mus Mahomet (3), Dendromus lovati (1), and Crocidura fumosa (4). Tachyoryctes macrocephalus was recorded as frequently observed species. Four endemic species of rodents were identified in the area (Lophuromys melanonyx, Arvicanthis blicki, Dendromus lovati and Tachyoryctes macrocephalus). The distribution and abundan...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...19.7% (n=88/447), Trichuris trichura 14.3% (n=64/447), Enterobius vermicularis 6.48% (n=29/447), Ancylostoma duodenale 2.90% (n=13/447), Entamoeba histolytica 2.68% (n=12/447), and Giardia lamblia/intestinalis 0.89%(n=4/447) were detected in order of their prevalence. The individuals below 15 years of age were found marginally more parasitized than above 15 years (0.3856, P<0.05). Males ...
S. M. I. Hossain*, S. U. K. Eusufzai and M. A. Rahman**
...stitute (BSRI) farm at Ishurdi during 2003-04 and 2004-05 cropping seasons to find out the effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of six sugarcane varieties (Isd 16, Isd 30, Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34). The experiment was laid up in two factors split-plot design with five irrigation levels in main plots and six varieties in subplots. Irrigations at 21, 28, 35 or 42 days interval in addition to two live irrigations increased...
Rehmat Ullah*, Kalim Ullah** and Mohammad Zafarullah Khan*
EXTENSION SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...k Moazam, Matwala Shah, Chura and Jhok Malkanri) of the district Dera Ismail Khan by personal interview method from a sample of 51 respondents selected from these villages. Agriculture was the major profession of the farmers (80.3%). It was found that 62.7% of the respondents were never visited by the extension workers while 60.7% of the respondents never attended any meeting with field staff or Agriculture Officers. A single field day was organized by extensi...
Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*
IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...y resolve the identified hurdles by providing subsidy on major inputs to raise the returns of sugarcane farmers....
Rabia Faiz and Dilara A. Bukhari*
....
...
Jesse M. Smith
...al Conference and other church-produced documents from 1903 to the present, I examine how Mormon leaders have responded, through discourse, to secular forces over the course of more than a century. I accomplish this by employing the techniques of ethnographic content analysis consistent with the inductive logic of a constructionist grounded theory. Combing elements of rhetorical theory with a sociological view of religious movement and marketplace, I identify ...
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
... recorded in Khaipur, Sukhur, Sangar and Nausharo Feroze i.e. 7.5, 6.1, 5.6 and 5.5 individuals per leaf, respectively. While the lowest was recorded in Hyderabad (1.9) and Mirpurkhas (2.2). On the other hand, the highest percent parasitism was observed in Khaipur, Tando Muhammad Khan, Nausharo Feroze and Sangar i.e. 14.1, 10.5, 10.4 and 10.5 percent, respectively whereas the lowest percent parasitism was recorded in Hyderabad (5.8) and Matiari (5.9). T...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...on stalk with dilute sulphuric acid which was optimized through response surface methodology. Pretreatment conditions were optimized using three variable with three levels like sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% v/v), biomass loading (5%, 10%, 15% w/v), and residence time (4, 6 and 8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production was achieved by solid substrate which was conducted in 250mL capacity Erlenmeyer flask in which incubation of Baci...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...nt (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) to compare microhabitat characteristics of successful and unsuccessful nests in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2014 except for 2008. Forty (62.5%) of the 64 nests that we monitored were successful. Successful nest sites had greater tree cover, increased cover and density of shrubs, and more low-lying shrub cover (1.0 m in height) than unsuccessful nest-sites. Forwa...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
...i>viz., Bacillus thuringiensis (DiPel®), NPV (SpltNPV) and Flubendiamide (Belt®) evaluated (alone and in combination) against S. litura under field condition. Minimum plant infestation (7.60±0.40%) was observed three days after application when B. thuringiensis and flubendiamide were applied in combination (@0.5 kg/ha+75ml/ha, respectively). Maximum infesta...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
... the local Bacilllus thuringiensis (B.t.) isolates for Cry11 and assess their potential use for mosquito control. A total of 15 B.t. isolates were collected, of which 75% were from dry, leaf litter, garden soil samples, 15% were from animal waste and 10 % were from moist soil of the crop area. A 650bp of cry11 gene was amplified by PCR and seven isolateswere found positive for cry11 gene. The 16S rDNA study exposed that these screen...
Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*
...s with P 90 kg ha-1. Sulphur application of 30 kg ha-1 also showed better performance on sunflower yield traits. At some observations S 20 and 30 kg ha-1 were found non-significant. Situation like field remains longer under cereal crops cultivation, the integrated effect of nutrients i.e. N 80 with P 90 kg and S 30 is the best option to grow sunflower for better oil and protein. The study suggests that N, P and S at the rate of 80, 90 and 30 kg ha-1 is the bes...
Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma1
...dified cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis) was acquaint in Pakistan during the first decade of this century to moderate harmful effects of lepidopterous insects; which were causing major loss to the cotton production ultimately to the economy of the country. Currently the genetic modified cotton cultivation consumed for more than 95% area under cotton cultivation. There are certain pros and cons about the issues being faced by the cotton growing community of the c...
Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1
...research area. The major hurdles that farmers perceived in adaptation are limited access to credit, lack of access to information, and institutional support. As expected, no significant variations were found across districts in the characteristics of respondents (age and income) that can affect their perceptions, their adaptation strategies, and obstacles faced in adaptation. The results of the study need to be interpreted with caution, as we did not focus on ...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...s (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are potential biological pest controller which can regulate an extensive range of bollworms larvae in both Agricultural and Horticultural crops. Spodoptera litura is a commercial pest of diverse field crops comprising cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Current inspections were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence by exposing three fie...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...et roads and small plots hurdles in production of rice etc in the study area. On the basis of problems and constraints, policy recommendation for control measures are given as:- Credit should be provided without interest rate in time according to requirement to farmers by bank; Agriculture extension programs should be launched for transfer of knowledge and for awareness of rice growers; Inputs should be provided at door step on subsidized rate to farmer; Legal...
Temel Göktürk1,* and Göksel Tozlu2
...rethrum and Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides (Spruzit® Neu from 150ml to 600ml/100 l, and DiPel® DF BT 100 to 500 g/100 l) were applied against the larvae of D. pini and N. sertifer their impact was monitored under laboratory conditions. The finding of the study revealed that the most effective dosages for larvae of D. pini was Dipel 300 g/100 l and Dipel 500 g/100 l of B. t...
Christine Jeske
...setting of negotiation: church testimonies of Zulu South Africans. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, I describe how testimonies—brief spontaneous personal accounts of changes in life circumstances such as employment and health—allow people to navigate the seemingly contradictory moral narratives saying that they should “help themselves” and also “wait on God and not take shortcuts.” I argue that chur<...
Xiaona Cao1,3-5, Yuanyuan Ren2-5, Xiaoteng Cui2-5, Baoxin Qian2-5, Chunyan Zhao 2-5, Jie Yang2-5, Chao Su2-5,* and Xingjie Gao2-5,*
Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4*
...s compared to var. Asul Khurmo which represented the advance karyotype by showing maximum number of telocentric chromosome. ...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...tify;">Climate change is hurting human lives by having physical as well as psychological impacts that has significantly affected their livelihood. This study predominantly targeted farming community to determine farmers’ climate change vulnerability index among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and ...
Huaisheng Zhang1, Pengfei Li2, Huajun Wen2, Guangming Tian1, Hui Chen1, Lu Zhang1 and Jianqiang Zhu1,*
...vid’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). It is a unique species in China, which has been extinct in China for nearly 200 years. In 1980, the Milu was reintroduced into China and has now become a first-class protected animal in the country. Moreover, research on the Milu has begun. After 30 years of breeding and development, the Milu population has formed stable captive or wild populations in Beijing, Dafeng, Shishou and Dongting Lake. It has become a ty...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Afzal1, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Saqib1, Asad Abdullah1, Saba Kousar1 and Maryam Riaz1
...otton with two Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes (CIM-602 and CIM-599) and one non-transgenic genotype (CIM-554) for the performance of H. armigera feeding The difference in leaf injury, relative consumption and growth rate of H. armigera was detected among experimental factors and their interactions. The leaf injury caused by H. armigera was higher (38.5 cm2 and 30.5cm2) on non-transgenic genotype at high and low moisture levels of plants respectively. Simila...
Abdul Razzaq1*, Muhammad Islam2, Zahra Islam3, Zahida Fatima1, Munib Hussain4 and Farmanullah5,6
...matodes (Haemonchus, Trichuris, Strongyloides and Trichostrongylus) infected sheep and goats. Overall results revealed susceptibility of these anthelmintics (97-99% Confidence Interval of Faecal Egg Count Reduction-FECR) against four nematodes and no evidence of resistance recorded. However, three herbal anthelmintics (Atreefal Deedan, Deedani and Kirmar) available in Pakistan were tested against nematodes as an option of alternate remedy. Among these Atreefal...
Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3
...human being diet and sulphur plays major role in increasing the achen yield and oil content. A field study was conducted to observe the effects of sulphur on sunflower growth, oil content and yield. The sulphur rates were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg ha-1. The recomended rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potasium were given to all plots of different treatments. The economical important plant gr...
Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...ilonis, Bacillus thuringiensis, T-shaped bird perches and Handpicking. Results showed the cumulative effects of all IPM components having 4.81, 4.96, 6.22 % foliage, pod and grain damage, 0.71 larva/plant with 32.28 % yield increase over control treatment. But Marginal Cost Benefit Ratio was -0.46. Light traps proved more efficient and feasible having low environmental risks having minimum percent foliage, pod and gain damage of 2.09, 0.71 and 0.29,...
Chandragouda M. Patil, Shashikant S. Udikeri* and Shreeshail. S. Karabhantanal
...diafenthiuron 50 SC, sulphur 80 WP, abamectin 1.9 EC, hexythiazox 5.45EC, spiromecifen 240SC, propargite 57% EC, ethion 50EC, fenazaquin 10%EC treated leaves. Field populations had high degree of resistance to Sulphur 80WG with LC 50 of 17769.72 ppm against 651.17 ppm for a laboratory susceptible strain. Thus 27.30 fold resistance ratio was observed (RR) for sulphur. The least r...
Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf1, Asif Nadeem1,2, Eric Nelson Smith3, Maryam Javed1, Utpal Smart3, Tahir Yaqub4, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Panupong Thammachoti3
...is Echis carinatus sochureki. More morphological and molecular studies are required to raise both the subspecies to separate species.
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain
...enic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto (Bts). The impact of this infectious disease is weight loss, reduction in cocoon quality as well as quantity and source of infestation for healthy larva. In current study, the 3rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on the leaves of Morus alba treated with B. thuringiensis until the start of 5th instar and the Total Haemocyte Count (THC) of the Bts infected silkworm’s haemo...
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...ent strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and 91 active ingredients of agricultural chemicals globally. Alternative ways should be explored to control DBM. Berberine is an insect toxic alkaloid and produced by plants of family Berberidaceae. Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) gene involved in the synthesis of berberine was isolated from Berberis lyceum and over expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The integration of the BBE gene in transgenic lines was confirmed thr...
Muhammad Younis1, Shahen Shah1*, Inamullah1, Rozina Gul2, Arshad Jalal1, Farhan Khalil1, Iqbal Hussain1 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad3
..., phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) boost its yield and quality. A field trial was conducted in summer 2012 using phosphorus @ of 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha‑1 and sulphur @ of 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha‑1, respectively on the yield contributing parameters of sesame. Pods plant‑1, grain yield, plant height, and harvest index (HI) were observed highest using P @ 50 kg ha-1, while flowering and maturity were delayed when no P and S ...
Ghani Akbar
... facilities are the main hurdles in utilizing the full potential of agriculture for achieving improved food security and better livelihood in this region. Lack of government spending and less available research facilities are considered the main hindrance in agricultural development in this region. Therefore, this review study was focussed on identification of strategies for the conservation of natural resources, improvement of crops, horticulture, livestock, ...
Muhammad Usman Asif1*, Sadam Hussain Soomro2, Raza Muhammad1, Sikandar Ali Soomro2
...nsisting of Bacillus thuringiensis was least effective at its recommended dose with percent mortality of 25% and 41.66% after 72 and 96 hours, respectively. It is thus concluded that Neomed 3 SC is the most effective insecticide against 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera as compared to other tested insecticides.
Kajol, A. H. Bhat, Aasha and A. K. Chaubey
Biochemical and molecular characterization of Photorhabdus akhurstii associated with Heterorhabditis indica from Meerut, India
...tified as Photorhabdus akhurstii based on phenotypic, biochemical and 16S rDNA data. Most of the biochemical tests were negative and only three tests were found positive viz., Urease, Nitrogen reduction and Oxidase. Further, we evaluated its pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera. The LD50 value of strain DH3 against G. mellonella larvae at 48 hours was 8 IJs/larva for 50% larval mortality whereas in Helicoverpa armigera it needed 1...
Sajjad Hussain, Nisar Mohammad, Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Ishaq Ahmad, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Salim Raza
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...from complex ore of Shoughur area of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on laboratory scale testing. The research work was carried out into two parts. In first part the cyanidation parameters like grinding time, dosage of pH, cyanidation time, dosage of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and dosage of lime Ca (OH)2 were optimized. The samples were subjected to differential grinding time varying from 20 to 35 minutes, pH of slurry adjusted from 9 to 11 by adding Ca (OH)2...
Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,
Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...dation process from shoughur area of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carried
out at laboratory scale. The three representative samples ground at time 25, 30 to 35 minutes and roasted at 650 oc
for 1 hour were subjected to agitation cyanidation process at varying dosage of pH from 10 to 11.13 , CaO from 0.5
to 1.5 gm/kg, NaCN varies from 1 gram to 5.93 gram and cyanidation time varies from 0 to 39 hours. The maximum<...
Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4
Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...s) to overcome marketing hurdles. This research investigates the farmers’ awareness and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) vis-à-vis the association between ICTs use and farmers’ socioeconomic and farm level variables. A sample of 70 peach (P. persica L.) growers was taken. Face to face interviews were held using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for data analysis. The re...
Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...tream of Terbela from Kachura. The intended approaches of this work were to generate empirical equations based on hydrologic model on a particular reach of the river i.e. from Kachura to Tarbela reservoir and by utilizing Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing means. Also the watershed analysis of the upstream of Indus river basin was performed, thus fashioning an essential tool for running and...
Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2
Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...e cultivars of Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (Bt. Cotton) at different sowing systems during summer 2015 at cotton research station Regional Agriculture Research Institute Bahawalpur (RARI) Pakistan. The test was directed in an irregular complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot course of action comprising of three replications. One factor comprised of six planting dates (for example April15 and 30, 15 and 30 May, 14 and29 June) and other factor comprisin...
Md. Aminul Islam1*, A.N.M. Aminoor Rahman2, Mohammad Shah Alam3 and Md. Taimur Islam4
Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Quail in Bangladesh
... infection found for Trichuris spp. (1.5%). A significant difference in nematodiasis in different farms has not observed (p > 0.05). These findings help to undertake preventive measures for controlling gastrointestinal nematodiasis in quail farms in Bangladesh. Further studies should undertake for diagnosing other types of parasitic diseases in quails in Bangladesh....
Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5
Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
...d direct seeded) and sulphur foliar spray (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) on sunflower in a randomized complete block, with split plots arrangement. Results revealed that tallest plant (175 cm) with maximum number of leaves (32.7) recorded with the application of foliar sulphur spray (150 ppm). Similarly, sunflower produced maximum head diameter (18.0 cm), number of achenes per head (1510), 1000-achene weight (55.7 g) resulted in h...
Muhammad Siyar1, Anwar Saeed Khan2*, Fazlur Rahman2 and Muhammad Jamal Nasir2
Spatio-temporal Assessment of Reliability in Pehur Main Canal System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...emporal reliability in Pehur Main Canal system. Reliability of irrigation service is a pre-requisite for higher productivity of irrigated agriculture. Both primary and secondary sources were tapped for data acquisition. An extensive field survey was undertaken in Rabi 2012-13 and Kharif Miana 2013 to acquire actual flow data of individual outlets. The reliability is measured on a scale of 0-1, 1 for complete reliable and 0 for unreliable services. The analysis...
Mardan Aghabey Turghan1, Roller MaMing1*, Li Weidong2, Di Jie1 and Xu Guohua1
...d species in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Among them, 85 species are migrants, 49 species resident, 33 species summer visitors and 5 species winter visitors. Six species of birds viz., Red-rumped Swallow (Cecropis daurica), Eastren Crowned Warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus), Blue-cheeked Bee-eater (Merops persicus), Robin Accentor (Prunella rubeculoides), Tibetan Rosefinch (Carpodacus roborowskii) and Japanese Sparrowhawk...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...nt (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire study area. The results showed that foraging habitats were characterized by broadleaved forest, mid and upper slope location, and gully while day-roosting habitats by ridge, upper slope location, ...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...ethods, nitrogen and sulphur levels” were carried out in Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. During two consecutive Kharif growing seasons of 2013 and 2014, respectively. Three sowing methods (flat, ridges and raised bed) were kept as main plot factor, whereas four nitrogen levels (00, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) and four treatments of sulphur (00, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha
Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1
...h diversity occurred at Churna Island following Mubarak Village and Astola Island. Majority of the recorded fishes were planktivorous. Compare to Churna and Mubarak Village, physico-chemical parameters at Astola Island were found in limits as preferred by fish and coral communities for their proper growth. Fish accumulation appeared to be link with coral cover, diversity and growth forms. Low diversity at Astola Island was m...
Syed Mazuan, Syed Mohamed, Insyirah Ishak, Dzolkhifli Omar and Norhayu Asib*
...® 34.9WG), Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (DiPel® ES), cypermethrin (Hextar Cyper 5.5EC), flubendiamide (Takumi® 20WG) and B. thuringiensis MPOB Bt-1 (Ecobac-1 EC). The insecticides application rate was based on the manufacturer’s recommendation. The bagworms were monitored before treatment and at 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Post-census showed that all insecticides were able to red...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...de, Shawar, Haramosh, Kachura, Astak Nala, Gilgit, Skardu, Astore, Sai Nala Jaglot, Gunar and Gorikot are highly vulnerable to active tectonic deformation. This research concludes that the TSR and DD techniques are potential markers for the demarcation of active vulnerable zones that may threaten the life lines in the socio economic context. ...
Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*
...viduals of T. palmi, B. thurberiella, H. virescens and A. vestitus were low in the treatments; while individuals of Dysdercus spp. were lower in the plots treated with the chemical insecticide. However, the predators, Coleomegilla maculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Zelus sp., were inferior in the treated plots. Yield ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 tons. Thrips palmi is first reported feeding on cotton in Ecuador. The results showed high populat...
Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang, Zhi-Ming Luo, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jie Li and Ying-Kun Huang*
...mectin•Bacillus thuringiensis and Tebufenozide were selected and applied for control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The results showed that new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers in combination with Abamectin•Bacillus thuringiensis or Tebufenozide were the optimum mode for environmentally friendly control techniques of Sesamia inferens Walke...
Nadeem Anwar1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Shaoib Nasir3, Moazzam Sabir1, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad4 and Saleem Ashraf5
...price of inputs as a key hurdle. Majority of the respondents revealed their concern on rising inflation in the country. They reported that the increase in cost of production negatively effects the profit earned especially by the small farmers. The results of inter-correlation analysis of variables, which are considered to be a constraining factor in citrus production confirms that most of the variables are interrelated and by resolving one, may lead to the res...
Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2
...t plants i.e. Gossypium thurberi, Calotropis procera and Suaeda fruticose were used at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm concentrations. Maximum basal rot disease reduction (78.6%) was recorded at 150 ppm concentration of wild cotton (G. thurberi) under in-vitro conditions. Whereas, wild cotton also gave the highest disease reduction under greenhouse (62.93%) and field conditions (52.56%) as compared with other two plant extracts ...
Yanqiang Zhou1, Lixin Wang1, Chunxiao Hao1, Xiuyun Li2, Shakeel Hussain1, Dongdong Shen1, Zhiwei Peng1, Qi`an Zhai1 and Zhijun Hou1,*
..., E. alijevi, Trichuris sp. and one Strongy-type species in goats; Trichuris sp., Nematodirus sp., Moniezia sp., E. macusaniensis, another Eimeria sp. and another Strongy-type (different with goats) in alpacas. It was discovered that the infection rate was 45.74%, 38.97%, and 12.09% in blue wildebeest, alpacas and goats, respectively. The hosts have different dominant parasite an...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Sallam Shahzad2, Farhat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Luqman1, Usman Saleem3 and Shoaib Nasir4
...s must address different hurdles hampering the successful development and execution of the latest rice production strategies. Furthermore, the public sector advisory services providers must develop strategies to make farmers aware of the latest rice production technologies.
...
Muhammad Zohaib1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari1*, Bushra Allah Rakha2* and Ali Akhter2
...ulture fields in Renala Khurd, district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 69 nests were located in the study area; breeding activity was observed in 51 active nests. The successful nests for breeding activity were recorded in parks (46%) followed by orchards (28%) and agricultural fields (27%). Highest percentage of successful nests was found on forks (48%) while nests on middle, terminal and other positions of plants were recorded as 17%, 10% and 25%, respe...
Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3
...nai sheep (10.00%). The Khurasani goat (15.15%) showed higher infestation as compared to Lehri goat (11.85%) and Sindhi goats (10.00%). It is concluded that the different breeds of sheep and goats were equally susceptible to tick infestation and there were no association of tick infestation with sheep and goat breeds however, the prevalence of ticks was significantly higher in summer than winter.
Keywords | Epidemiology, Ticks, Seasons, Small ruminants...
Shuangye Wang1,2, Yunlin Zhao1,2, Zhenggang Xu2,3,*, Junzhi Chen3, Guiyan Yang3, Song Wang2 and Kangkang Jiang2
... David’s deer, Elaphurus davidianus) population at Dongting Lake, China, we estimated home range size using the 95% minimum convex polygon method. A maximum flooded time index was calculated and the overlay analysis with seasonal home range data was employed. The results showed: (1) in seasons, the home range size of winter was the largest while it was the smallest in summer. It was also found that home range of dry and wet periods in 2017 was larger tha...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2,
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4,
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
... river turtle (Hardella thurjii) were identified and distributed in all study zones. Lissemys punctata was recorded as the most common (73.72%) species while Hardella thurjii was the rare (6.74%). Highly significant difference (df=3, p=0.00) was noted among turtle species. Maximum population density (16.67 turtle/km2) recorded in Mirpur zone followed by Chakswari (12 turtle/km2) and minimum population density was recorded at...
Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2
...ncentration of Bacillus thuringiensis (18000 CFUs mg-1) and Lecanicillium lecanii (1.0 × 109 conidia g-1) recorded at 5th and 9th day of bioassay, respectively. Based on overall results, the local botanical extracts, particularly peel extract of C. reticulata and leaf extract of S. nigrum and microbial formulations of B. thuringiensis and L. lecanii are recommended to the indigenous farmers as biorational options for t...
Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1*
Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*
...ecules over decades. Raichur populations comprehend high level of resistance to Pyrethroids with LC 50 121.63 ppm to cypermenthrin which indicated 23.21fold of resistance with respect to a laboratory susceptible strain. Similarly, there was 24.95 folds of resistance to deltamethrin in same population with LC 50 128.47 ppm. Among organophosphates a high level of resistance was recorded against monochrotophos with LC50 160.94 ppm and 18.23 resistance ratio in Ra...
Aqsa Fayyaz1, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor1*, Asma Ashraf2, Muhammad Asif Zahoor3, Azhar Rasul2, Humara Naz Majeed4, Muhammad Zulhussnain1, Kanwal Ranian1, Bushra Riaz1, Nazia Khalil1 and Attaullah1
...les from each farm viz. Khurrianwala road, Shahkot road, Faisalabad road, Satyana road, Jhumra road, Nankana sahib road, Lahore road and Jaranwala road. Homogenate from house flies was first harvested in 11 day old embryonated chicken eggs to propagate the NDV, which was then titrated using haemagglutination inhibition assay for quantification of NDV. Polyclonal antibodies were produced in experimental rabbits followed by titration. These antibodies were then ...
Mujahid Tanvir1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar2, Muhammad Tariq3 and Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1
...1311 (83%) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (63%), and by pyriproxyfen (86%) and indoxacarb (85%), respectively. Hence, these botanical, microbial and synthetic insecticides are recommended for the efficient control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae in field to reduce the environmental pollution caused by persistent synthetic insecticides. ...
Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali
...ats to kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelanos to prepare conservation and management strategies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The diet analysis was done through crop contents of kalij pheasants, threats were assessed through field surveys, communities meeting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of threats data, conservation management strategies are recommended. The diet analysis showed that mostly the kali...
Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6
...t Research Farm, Renala Khurd, Okara. Kinnow was given two water depletion levels 10% and 15% along with four NPK fertilizer levels 100%, 75%, 50%, 75% of percent recommended dose of fertilizer) of NPK were studied by using soluble fertilizers. Fertigation was applied through drip irrigation according to the schedule derived through Crop Watt. Kinnow plants showed significant results regarding plant canopy, plant height, the average weight of fruits, the weigh...
Md. Aminul Islam1*, SM Mostafizur Rahaman Sumon1, ANM Aminoor Rahman2, Fahima Khatun3
...clabendazole and the Trichuris spp. was the highest resistant against Ivermectin injection (100%) in all the investigated dairy farms. These findings are crucial for the selection of anthelmintics for the treatment of various types of nematodes in dairy cows and might be crucial in preventing anthelmintic resistance in dairy cows.
Keywords | Anthelmintic resistance, Dairy cows, Effectiveness, Helminth infections, Local anthelmintics
...
Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood
...O2), Ozone (O3), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2). To cater to these issues, two indicators were developed to incorporate the smog and soil-related issues. These indicators are named Soil Factor (Sáµ®) and Atmospheric Factor (Aþ). If the soil is “Not Suitable,” the values of Sáµ® is 0.147, for less suitable soil Sáµ® is 0.21, for moderately suitable soil, Sáµ® is 0.61, and for highly suitable soil, Sáµ® is 0.95. By substituting these values of Sáµ®,...
M. Israr1†, M. Habib1 and K. Nasira2
K. A. Tabassum, F. Shahina†, K. Nasira and Y. I. Erum
...oth insectivora and dolichura groups) based on the following characters: body length, tail, spicules and
gubernaculum length, ratios a, b, c, c' and vulva percentage is given. The morphometric and allometric characters
with anterior and posterior regions were derived from the original descriptions. An identification key to 42 valid
species of both insectivora and dolichura group of the gen...
I.K.A. Ibrahim1 and Z. A. Handoo2†
...ocontrol agent Bacillus thuringiensis, the bionematicide abamectin, and the nematicide fenamiphos on Mi 1 on rice cv. Sakha 101. All the applied control treatments were effective in reducing nematode infection on rice plants....
S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian
...phansis MH-58-60-01, B. thuringiensis MH 032-003 and a nematicide (Avermectin) were used as seed coating. All four Bacillus isolates significantly reduced nematode infection of wheat roots when juveniles were used as inoculum after 10 days post inoculation. Noteworthy reduction in white female cyst development was observed on roots treated with Avermectin seed coating followed by isolates B. cereus XZ 24-2-1, B. cereus XZ-33-3, B. weihenstephansis MH-58-60-01 ...
I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif
...ogyne sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis (T2)
remarkably suppressed nematode infestations because they act as growth inhabiting agents for juveniles;
reduce gall masses, diminish knot formation on root system, toghether with increasing shoot and root
length as compared to other treatments.
... 
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Haqnawaz Yousaf3 and Imad Ul Din Zangi4
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*
... (100%), followed by B. thuringensis and S. litura-NPV (94.92%) and A. indica and B. thuringensis (93.22%) and exhibited a synergized toxicity against S. litura larvae as compared to other treatments. In two years field trials, binary combination of flubendiamide and spinetoram showed an average larval reduction of 59 – 100%, followed by 100% larval reduction exhibited by flubendiamide and spinetoram alone and by the c...
W. Khan, N. U. Nisa, A. Khan and S. M. H. M. Naqvi
...rgb(255, 255, 255);">Trichuris trichura 19.1, Enterobius vermicularis
Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati1*, Aris Triyono Syahputra2, Andoyo Supriyantono1, Onesimus Yoku1, Deny Anjelus Iyai1, Priyo Sambodo1, Iriani Sumpe1
...cted by Ascaris spp, Trichuris spp and Strongyloides spp parasites with a mean EPG of 2185.56. The prevalence of parasitic eggs of Ascaris spp, Trichuris spp and Strongyloides in water, vegetables and soil ranged from 62.96% to 98.15%. Laleken system can reduce environmental pollution by parasites 89.28% to 100%.
Keywords | Pigs, Laleken, Papua, Parasites
...
Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1
...sites retrieved were Trichuris sp. (0.94%) and Toxocara sp. (0.28%). Infestation rates and the number of Eggs Per Gram of feces (EPG) or Oocysts Per Gram of feces (OPG) were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. During the wet season, infestations were severe for strongyles, Moniezia spp., coccidian, and moderate for Strongyloides spp. and light during the dry season except for coccidia, where they were intense. Infestation rates and egg excretion ...
Ramzan Ali1, Erum Iqbal1*, Muhammad Ismail Bhatti2 and Saboohi Raza1
...chus neoclavicaudatus Mathur, Sanwal and Lal, 1978, Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi Siddiqi and Basir, 1958, Pratylenchus curvicauda Siddiqi, Dabur and Bajaj, 1991, Pratylenchus elamini Zeidan and Geraert, 1991, Hemicyclophora punensis Darekar and Khan, 1981, Tylencholaimus shamimi Islam and Ahmed, 2021, Makatinus punctatus Heyns, 1965 and Labronema mangalorense Ahmad and Ahmad, 2002 are being presented in this paper. The morphology and morphometric traits of nativ...
Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1
... spp., Fasciola spp. Trichuris spp. Monezia spp. and Schistoma bovis. as well as mixed species were identified as per their intensity. It was noted that prevalence was highest in goat (80%) followed by buffalo (74%), cattle (71.27%) and sheep (68.08%). The Eimeria spp. was highest (35.27%) followed Buffallo (28.35%) and trichuris spp. 16.41%. Similarly, Ascaris spp. was higher in buffallo (56.71%) followed by cattle (12.1%)....
Yasir Ali1, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif1-2, Salman Ahmad3*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Saqib Saeed2, Mohsin Iqbal1, Mozam Ejaz1 and Saima Naseer5
...strobin @ 375 ml/ha; Sulphur @ 2500 g/ha; Diphenoconazole @ 375 ml/ha; Tubiconazole+trifloxystrobin @ 303 g/ha, Polyram DF @ 625 g/ha and Propiconazole @ 625 g/ha for the management of leaf rust of wheat in Research Area of Plant Pathology, Hafiz Abad Research Station, B.Z.U. Bahadar Sub-Campus, Layyah, during crop seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Statistically significant (P<0.05) disease c...
Syed Shakeel Shah1, Ayesha Jameel1, Sabila Afzal1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Iram Fatima Bokhari1
...t prevalent (2.29%). Trichuris, Toxoplasma, Entamoeba, Fasciola, Hookworm and Giardia showed less than 5% prevalence. Statistical inquiry indicated a significant relationship (P < 0.05) of parasitic contaminations and raw vegetables. This study infers that raw and unwashed vegetable consumption is an essential route of parasitic infections to humans....
Shafqat Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Raheela Taj3, Fatima Syed3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Muneeb Islam7 and Sumaira8
... confronted to different hurdles which are blamed for the decline in the nutrients supplements for humans. One of the hurdles is the oxidative stress, which is responsible for the reduction of gut morphology and growth performance in the poultry birds. The present study was performed to explore the impact of inorganic selenium (sodium selenite). Day old chicks were kept in a control environment. At day 7, five groups were ma...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim3, Imad-ul-Din Zangi4
...tify;">Kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelanos is habitat indicator and the information about its habitat characteristics and suitability is lacking. In the current study, presence of kalij pheasant was recorded from 166 sites of Mirpur Division Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The maximum abundance was recorded at Gaian site (2.33/ha). Estimation of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) from 166 sites revealed that ten sites fell under the category of highly suitable ...
Annum Razzaq1*, Zia Ullah2, Arooj Naseer1 and Abdul Nasir Khalid1
...rests of sub-himalayas, Bhurban, Punjab, Pakistan, a unique fungus Asterophora lycoperdoides found growing on a decaying Russula species. Previously, no species of Asterophora has been described so far from Pakistan. Descriptions and illustrations are made using morpho-anatomical details. Moreover, molecular techniques have been used to amplify its ITS region of nrDNA and sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. This genus is a new record for ...
Tarek Refaay, E.A. Elshafiee, Hayam A. Mansour and Maha A. Sabry*
Seyed Ahmed Reza Hashemi1, Teymour Aminrad1, Asadullah Ali Muhammad2*, Mastooreh Doustdar3 and Parastoo Mohebi Derakhsh3
Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4
...euticals has significant hurdles due to a lack of comprehensive theoretical and practical experience guidance. Personalized customization of candidate pharmaceuticals to fulfill the needs of inhalation treatment using prodrug technology is now an alternate method of inhalation drug development. This article examines the use of prodrug technology in inhalation administration throughout the last 20 years. These studies discovered that: esterification modificatio...
AMBASH RIAZ1, SHAHID RAZA2* & HIRA MUBEEN3
...ign: justify;">Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that can be used as substitute for various chemical compounds especially insecticides. The insecticidal property of B. thuringiensis comes from the production of Crystal protein. The present study is focused on the cloning and characterization of Cry1AB gene which expresses to produce crystal protein. Cry1AB gene was amplified using specific primers which gave success...
Faheem Akbar1, Naveed Ahmed4*, Maria Mussarat1, Imtiaz Ahmed4, Dost Muhammad1, Toseef Ahmad2, Muhammad Afaq Akbar1, Shehryar Rafique3, Seemab Ali4, Sohail Aslam4, Basharat Hussain Shah4, Fayaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Abbas Khan4
... further increase in sulphur levels. The mean onion fresh bulb yield increased from 14.11 t ha-1 o 18.91 t ha-1 with 50kg.ha-1 sulphur. Similarly, application of 3kg.ha-1 trichoderma seemed to be optimum level as further increases in trichoderma did not show further increases in yield or growth parameters of onion. However, the sulfur and Phosphorus contents in soil were more in treatments receiving higher levels of Sulfur a...
Muhammad Asif Iftikhar1, Talat Naseer Pasha2, Saima Inayat1, Khalid Javed3 and Rahman Ullah4*
...logical properties of yoghurt. Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian milk procured from Dairy Animal Training and Research Center, B-block University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki and Nili Ravi buffalo milk procured from Nili Ravi buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattoki. All other ingredients purchased from Sigma Aldrich Germany through local suppliers. Milk was standardized to 15% total solids with 3.5% fat. Skim Milk Powder (SMP) was used for the standar...
Evy Rossi1*, Fajar Restuhadi1, Raswen Efendi1, Yusmarini1, Rahmayuni1, Emma Riftyan1, Bisma Panca Winata2, Yolanda Ashara2, Usman Pato1
...e practicality of the yoghurt-making process. This research aimed to determine how many cycles the back-sloping fermentation using microencapsulated yogurt (MY) starter was applied and evaluate the quality of yogurt in each back-sloping fermentation cycle. The lactic acid bacteria contained in MY starter were Lactobacillus plantarum TMW 1.1623 and Streptococcus thermophilus in a 1:1 ratio. The research results showed that yogurt made from ultra-high temperatur...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Bilques Bano3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali4, Nazia Rubab5, Syed Tasadak Mehdi6, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal7, Kumay Hassan Akhtar8, Aqeel Raza9, Ujala Fatima Shan10, Muhammad Aftab11
...text-align: justify;">Yoghurt is considered a nutritional food rich in proteins and other essential minerals. Poor quality milk having Antibiotic Resistance resides threat to one health. Antibiotic Resistance is the main issue that affects the livestock, humans and environment. Antibiotic Resistance occurs due to the use of excessive amount of antibiotics for the growth and development of livestock. 90 samples of each weigh about 50 grams have been collected f...
Asmit Subba1*, Jash Hang Limbu2 and Laxman Khanal1*
Shabnam Javed1, Amna Shoaib2 and Zaid Mehmood1
...drogen, nitrogen and sulphur were analyzed in whole
plant of S. tomentosa. The results revealed the occurrence of considerable proportion of
carbohydrates (52%) and protein (23.80%). Moisture, fat and ash contents were found in
small amount i.e. 6.25%, 2.02% and 0.20%, respectively. Elemental analysis displayed the
highest content of carbon (44.92%) followed by hydrogen (6.16%), nitrogen (5.17%) and
s...
Salim Saifullah, Muhammad Ilyas, Bashir Ullah and Sanam Zarif Satti*
...Rosehips collected from Bhurban (BH) showed the highest vitamin C content with 2985 mg/100 g along with 36% TSS and 40% TDW, followed by rosehips from Ghora Gali (GG) that had 2535 mg/100 g vitamin C content along with 35% TSS and 39% TDW. The difference in vitamin C content could be attributed to climate, including temperature and rainfall patterns, which directly influence plant growth and metabolism. Rosehips are used in the production of a variety of sweet...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2,
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...irus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki appeared as the most effective microbial treatments exhibiting minimum LC50 (3.78 × 103 OB mL-1 and 1.22 × 107 spores mL-1, respectively) and LT50 (3.83 and 3.71 days, respectively) values. While flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram exerted most significant lethal and sublethal effects on S. litura with minimum LT50 values (i.e. 19.58, 30.78 and 26.25 h, respectively). Larval development t...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...lopha), Kalij (Lophura leucomelana), western horned Tragopan (Gragopan melanocephalus) and Cheer (Catreus wallichi) are found in Pakistan while four (4) species i.e. Monal, Koklass, Kalij and Western horned Tragopan are found in the study areas of Kaghan valley.
This study was conducted in the Kaghan valley to know the status and conservation of pheasants. A questionnaire was designed and the villages were selected which were ...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Abid Hussain
...; Seri, Hatri and Masoo Bhurgri of Hyderabad district. Among 24 respondents 21% farmers have 1-5 acres of Hurrie plantation, 13% have 6-10 acres, 29% have 10-16 acres and 37% have more than 16 acres. The results show that 58.3% farmers raised hurrie by themselves and 41.7% grow through tenants. The cost for raising hurrie varied from 7000/acre/rotation (15% respondents), 10,000 (35% respon...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...lopha), Kalij (Lophura leucomelana) and western horned (Gragopan melanocephalus) are found in Pakistan while four (4) species i.e. Monal, Koklass, Kalij and Western horned Tragopan are found in the study areas of Kaghan valley.
This study was conducted in the Kaghan valley to know about the status and conservation of pheasants. A questionnaire was designed and the villages were selected which were located near the reserve forest. Sa...
Ajiboye, A. A.1, Ebofin, A. O.1, M. O. Atayese,2, M. O. Adedire3, D. A. Agboola1 and M. Kadiri1
... in 90% concentrated sulphuric acid for 10-15 minutes; and mechanical scarification using coarse sand, gravel and emery cloth abrasion. The percentage germination in pretreated seeds ranged between 70-100%. The emery cloth treatments gave the best result. The proximate analysis of the seeds including the moisture content, dry matter, fibre content, crude protein content, crude fibre content, ash content and carbohydrate content were estimated. The seeds of...
Sanam Zarif Satti, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Iftikhar Ahmad and Sumara Zarif
...The highest level of Sulphur (S) (0.72%), Potassium (K) (4.37%), Calcium (Ca) (1.64%) and Chlorine (3.09%) was noted in B. monnieri....
Aashaer Farooq and Zakaullah
...ds, each collected from Bhurban and Kuzagali, revealed the occurrence of seven fungi and one bacterium on the sample seeds by using the agar plate test method. The Bhurban sample was found to have 80% and 20% infection in non-treated and treated (HgCl2) seeds respectively, while the Kuzagali sample had 100% in the non treated and 3.3% infection in the treated seeds. The fungi isolated from non-treated seeds compri...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...1975) tried
Bacilus thuringiensis in the form of Thuricide,
Entobacterin, Dendrobacillus and Dipel against different
forest defoliators with good results. Smirnoff et al.
(1972) tried B. thuringiensis scale in 1972 and as
aerial spray on large scale in 1974 with considerable
success. Mihalache et al. (1972) found Dipel very
effective against...
S. M. Chughtai, Jehandar Shah, Syed Zahir Shah and Sardar Hussain Shah
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and B. H. Bangash
...) were conducted in Bhurban, Murree
Forest Division. The results indicated that N.P. and K
fertilizer applied alone and in different combination
did not significantly influence the height and diameter
growth of the trees. Likewise, fertilization did not
significantly affect the foliar contents of P or K
except N which changed with the rates of fertilizer
applied....
Pazir Gul, Salahuddin Khan and F. W. Khan
...ated charcoal and kieselghur. Yield, physicochemical characteristics and chemical composition of the oil were determined and the results obtained were compared with those of oil from Datura alba and other Datura species. It was concluded that this oil was of the same nature as those of the other Datura species and could be similarly used in medicine....
Pervez Khawaja, I. A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
...aration of Bacillus
thuringiensis was tried against Peismopoda
obliquifasciella (Hamps), a serious leaf stitcher of
Amaltas, Cassia fistula. The microbial insecticide gave
84.4, 78.1 and 90.7% mortality of the test larvae with dose of 0.8 x 105, 1.6 x105, and 3.2x105 spores per ml
against a natural mortality of 34.4% larvae in the
check. The efficacy of the product has been proved
against this insect hence it can be used on field sc...
Ashiq Ahmad and G. M. Khattak
...ed with concentrated sulphuric acid for 15 minutes
and 30 minutes and then thoroughly washed and soaked in
water for 24 hours before sowing, started germination
the next day and gave, with in 5 days 84 and 90%
germination, respectively. Soaking in acid for one hour,
followed by 24 hours soaking in water gave 76%
germination after 5 days. About 90% germination was
obtained in 20 days with acid soaking for 15 and 30
minutes not followed by water soaking....
Mahmood Iqbal Skeikh
...ed with concentrated sulphuric acid for different periods of times....
Shahida Parveen and Zakaullah
...-disease of cumin.
Mathur and Prasad (1962) recorded powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC), blight (Alternaria burnsii) and wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. cumini) diseases on cumin. Of these, wilt was the most serious one causing heavy losses to the crop. The average loss due to the disease was estimated to be 20%....
Bashir Hussain Shah, Hanif Gul and M. I. Chaudhry
...es based on Bacillus thuringiensis, have been tested against poplar defoliator (Ichthyura anastomosis Steph.) first in the laboratory then in the field. Both have shown their efficacy against the pest by giving complete mortality of larvae in 0.1% concentrations. The out-breaks of the defoliator can effectively be controlled without affecting the other biological control agents or the environment....
Mussarrat N. Ali, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...es based on Bacillus thuringiensis, have been tested against poplar defoliator (Ichthyura anastomosis Steph.) First in the laboratory then in the field. Both have shown their efficacy against the pest by giving complete mortality of larvae in 0.1% concentration. The out-breaks of the defoliator can effectively be controlled without affecting the other biological control agents or the environment.
...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ntry. The sites include Bhurban in Murree hills, Islamabad, Peshawar, Changa Manga etc. The plant seems to have responded well to its new environment with luxuriant growth producing abundant seed and good natural regeneration at favourable site (deep sandy loam, 1000 mm rain or irrigation)....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...loride solution, 40% sulphuric acid solution and 60% sulphuric acid past were used. Whereas for sulphuric acid past and solutions, American bark chipping method was employed, for the purposes of control and sodium chloride solution, French blazes were used. It was found that 40% sulphuric acid solution provided maximum simulation; the yield under this tr...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Bashir Hussain Shah
...paration of Bacillus thuringiensis and chitinase, were conducted against larvae of poplar defoliator, Ichthyura anastomosis Steph. in the laboratory. In the first trial there was 100% mortality of larvae within three days of release on poplar shoots treated with 1% and 1.5% concentrations of Dipel and within two days in case of 2% concentration of Dipel. In check there was only 36% natural mortality of larvae. In the second trial there was 100% m...
Komal Hingoro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang1,2* and Ghulam Sarwar Gachal1
...retes (A) gangeticus, A. hurum, Chitra indica, Lissemys punctata, Kachuga (K) tecta, K. smithi and Hardella thurjii exhibiting different habitats in the Guddu Barrage, Indus River, Pakistan. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed a significantly higher and lower values of red blood cells in Pangshura tecta and Kachuga smithii, PDW in Nilssonia hur...
Indah Nurfauziah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Rahmad Fani Ramadhan1, Andi Mushawwir1, Safri Ishmayana2
...pounds from probiotic yoghurt can make an important contribution to maintaining and improving animal health, so it is hoped that by providing probiotic yoghurt, egg production will increase. This study aims to determine the bacteriocin activity of probiotic yogurt and the effect of giving probiotic yogurt on the feed conversion ratio and total production of laying hens. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)...
Ameer Sultan1, Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin3, Tanweer Kumar4, Wajid Khan4, Muhammad Arif4, Kashmala Jabbar5, Wisal Khan6, Farhan Ullah1, Syed Shabab Hussain1 and Ikramullah Khan1
...assium, Calcium, and Sulphur. Different concentrations of spent wash were applied to sugarcane crops to explore their effects on the development, production, and yield at the Sugar Crops Research Institute (SCRI) Mardan. Four different concentrations of distillery spent wash were applied (i.e. 30%-DSW, 40%-DSW, 50%-DSW, and 60%-DSW) to a sugarcane variety “Israr Shaheed SC (CP 80-1827)”. Our results showed that the application of a 50%-DSW increase...
Yusra Karim1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Imtiaz Khan3*, Said Hussain Shah2, Syeda Anika Shamsher4, Imran Qazi5, Habib-Ur-Rehman Kakar6 and Wajih Ullah7
...ign: justify;">Bacillus thuringiensis has the potential to control a variety of insect pests, particularly the species of Lepidoptera. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the bio larvicidal effects of endotoxins produced by B. thuringiensis from the CRY1F gene against widely encountered lepidopteran pests (Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera). Insect-proof netting was used to contain the vegetable pl...
1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin
... were constructed using Thurston’s equal-appearing interval technique. Sixteen statements were used to assess the attitude of the farmers using a Likert scale. One hundred twenty-five (125) IFMC farmers from Phulbari upazila in Dinajpur district receiving government extension services were selected for data collection using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. The percentages, means, and standard deviations were employed to summarise the data gathere...
Qasim H.A. Aljboori* and Saadoon Murad Saadoon
...vels of agricultural sulphur (0,100,200 and 300 g/m2)and the fungicide Benomyl (100 ppm) against F. solani fungus infecting three varieties of rice (Anbar33,Yasmeen and Mishkhab2) grown in Iraq. The study results showed that sulphur reduced the F. solani infecting rice, with the most effective treatment being the (200) g/m2 treatment compared to the (0,100,300) g/m2 treatments. The results showed that varieties had different...
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture
September
Featuring
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Cytochrome-P450 (CYP11B1 Gene) Polymorphism and its Role in Bovine Milk Producing Traits
Faheen Riaz, Sarfraz Mehmmod, Aatka Jamil, Khansa Jamil, Imran Riaz Malik, Muhammad Naeem Riaz and Ghulam Muhammad Ali
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 4, Pages 1522-1532
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Assessment of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Damage Among Pesticide Retailers in South Punjab, Pakistan
Abdul Ghaffar, Maria Niaz, Ghulam Abbas, Riaz Hussain, Fozia Afzal, Habiba Jamil, Ahrar Khan, Rabia Tahir, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti, Shahnaz Rashid, Shahzad Ali Gill, Aliya Noreen, Ayesha Maqsood and Kashfa Akram
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 4, Pages 1509-1521
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Investigations on the Feeding and Spawning in Bagarius bagarius from Manchar Lake District Jamshoro, Pakistan
Bushra Shaikh, Naeem Tariq Narejo, Faheem Saddar, Muhammad Hanif Chandio, Majida Parveen Narejo, Urooj Imtiaz, Athar Mustafa Laghari, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 4, Pages 1501-1508
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Milk Quality Improvement Program for Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Angochagua, Ecuador
Elena Balarezo, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol.40, Iss. 4, Pages 1491-1500
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