Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4
... small ruminants, and in camels. Based on sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) gene, the PPRV has been classified into four lineages. Serological investigations in Tanzania indicate that peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was introduced in 2004 in Ngorongoro district bordering Ken- ya before official confirmation of the disease in most districts of Northern Tanzania in 2008. In 2011, the presence of PPRV in goats of southern Tanzania district of Tandahimba...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud1, Muaz Abdellatif 2, 3*, Luai Shazali1
...dies in sheep, goats and camels at Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n=400), collected during 2012–2013 from sick and clinically healthy herds, were subjected to antibodies detection using c-ELISA. Out of examined animals, 83 (62.9%) goats and 70 (33.2%) sheep were detected positive against PPRV antibodies, whereas camels appeared to be seronegative. Based upon the seasonal variations in th...
Hassan Tarik Atmaca
...e of small ruminants and camels, and thus is negatively affecting the livelihoods of poor people in many developing countries. Efforts are being made to advance our understandings on different aspects of molecular biology of the virus and to consolidate national and international strengths to eradicate the disease from the planet. This Editorial highlights recent research articles and reviews that have provided up-to-date and current research trends in the fie...
Abdul Sattar Baloch1*, Abdul Rasheed1,2, Rahmatullah Rind1, Jam Kashif Sahito1, Rehana Buriro1, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1 and Parkash Dewani1
...and 50 milk samples from camels of three districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and competitive-ELISA (c-ELISA) were used as screening tests, and overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be as 21%, 21% and 13% by RBPT, SAT and c-ELISA tests, respectively. Seroprevalence was higher in females (26%) than in males (16%) by RBPT and SAT tests, and also in camel
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla
...stic, wild ruminants and camels. Sera from non-vaccinated sheep (n=683), goats (n=624) and camels (n=155) of all ages and sexes were collected in a cross-sectional study in Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah. Saudi Arabia. The seroprevalece was determined by NP-epitopes based competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obtained from sheep, whe...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...istant to antimicrobials camel mastitogen. The risk factors were found soul determinants of pathogen spread among mammary glands of camels.
...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...lactoferrin from milk of camel. Cation exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin using the fast protein liquid chromatography. The lactoferrin was further characterized through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Disc diffusion method was applied for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of lactoferrin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lactoferrin was determined by 96-well plate m...
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
...ression analysis in five camel tissues was examined employing real-time PCR. The highest level of transcripts was found in the camel testis, followed by liver, spleen, kidney and lung. CdGSTP1-1 was heterologously expressed in Eschericia coli BL21(DE3) as a ~24 kDa soluble protein and showed to be catalyticly active towards the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The results of the present study provid...
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...rich chicks (Struthio camelus), little is known about its distribution in the lung of the African ostrich. To provide the morphological basis of ghrelin function in the African ostrich lung, the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-ip cells were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the lung of African ostrich was composed of interstitial tissue and parenchyma. The interstitial tissue formed a layer of s...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...DR) pathogens in milk of camels with characteristically zoonotic potential. Current study was planned to investigate epidemiology of MDR S. aureus in camel milk, and in-vitro therapeutic response to drugs. Two different ecological zones, Cholistan (n=185) and Suleiman Range (n=177) of Pakistan having major population of camel were screened for subclinical mastitis using Calif...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAMEL PRODUCTS IN SEMIDESERT AND DESERT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...duction and marketing of camel products in the semi-desert and desert areas of Pakistan. It is based on cross-sectional data collected through simple random sampling technique in April, 2011 from 220 camel farmers and 17 market intermediaries. It is found that both camel farmers and market intermediaries were less educated. It is observed that markets for camel
Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*
MARKETING SYSTEM OF LIVE CAMELS IN THE DESERT ECOLOGIES OF PAKISTAN
...marketing system of live camels in the desert ecologies of Pakistan. Out of 220 camel farmers that were randomly interviewed for the study, during past one year sale of live camels was reported by more than half of the camel farmers. On an average two camels per farm mainly to meet urgent family cash needs. Mean ages o...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...num in Saudi Arabian camels was determined using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All camels tested were clinically normal. Out of 253 camels of either sex, 117 (21.99%) were found to be serologically positive to specific anti-N.caninum antibodies. Logistic regression analysis and estimation of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and loca...
Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar2
Nuzhat Huma1, Fozia Ghaffar1, Saima Rafiq2,*, Imran Pasha1, Aysha Sameen1, Imran Hayat2 and Imtiaz Hussain2
...lo, cow, sheep, goat and camel. The buffalo and sheep milks have comparatively higher fat, solid-not-fat and total solid contents than other milks. Maximum whey proteins were found in the sheep milk (0.78%) whereas cow milk had lowest contents (0.54%). Non-casein-nitrogen (NCN) contents in sheep milk were higher followed by camel and buffalo milks. Electrophoresis study of caseins on Urea-PAGE showed darker bands of αS...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...aureus, in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) reared in two distinct agro-ecological zones of Pakistan viz. Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range. A total of 768 lactating she-camels were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an ove...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4
...v>Haemoparasites disturb camel production in tropical countries. Four major haemoparasites in camels are Trypanosoma, Dipetalonema, Babesia, and Anaplasma. The current study was executed to investigate haematobiochemical alterations in camels during haemoparasitism. Blood samples were collected from 200 camels of either sex an...
Saira Zaheer1, Abrar Hussain1*, Aqsa Khalil1, Muhammad Mansha1, Muhammad Lateef2
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...method was developed for camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii Koch) and cattle tick (Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze & Schlottke), to replace the widely used traditional acaricides. Huwa-San TR50 is a formulation of hydrogen peroxide, stabilized by the addition of a small quantity of silver and is extensively used as a disinfectant. Both tick species were susceptible to certain concentrations of Huwa-San TR50: 4,000, 8,000, 10,000, 12,000 and 14,000 p...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4
...r nutrients in different camel browse vegetations over Thatta district. Results of current study indicated highest moisture content in Trifolium alexandrinum and lowest in Tamarix gallica. Zea mays contained considerably high organic matter. Capparis deciduas followed by Salvadora oleiodes and Ziziphus nummularia possessed significantly high concentration of crude protein. Further the Prosopis juliflora against Zea mays, in Acacia nilotica versus Alhagi mauror...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
.... DNA samples of Marecha camel were collected from the Camel Breeding and Research Station at Rakhmani Bhakar, Pakistan. Two significant polymorphic sites were identified in GH gene and three in GHR gene. Out of these, T1720A polymorphism in GH and A211927G polymorphism in GHR genes changed the amino acid from leucine to histidine and methionine to valine, respectively. These polymorphic results suggest that Marecha
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1
...t been studied before in camel. The DNA samples of Marecha camel were collected from the Camel Breeding and Research Station at Rakhmani Bhakkar, Pakistan. Four polymorphic sites were detected in the IGF-1 gene. A significant finding was the occurrence of a T→C polymorphism in exon 5 that causes a substitution of an amino acid from Cysteine to Arginine.That Cys/Arg polymorphism...
Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi1
...onomic importance of the camels at district Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh during the year of 2017. A total of sixty camel herders were selected during the survey and interviewed using comprehensive Questionnaire. Survey indicated that the Sakrai breed is prominent in number followed by Dhatti, Larri/Sindhi. Camel herders were almost uneducated except small proportions that were primary passe...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
...em on the growth of male camel calves. Fourteen Marecha male camel calves were either grazed/browsed (n=7) on natural pasture and were offered seasonal green fodder (lucerne) ad lib in the manger (n=7). The calves were kept on these treatments for 4 months. Initial body weights of the calves were recorded at the start of the trial and then weighed fortnightly. The overall weight gain per day in four months of feeding ...
Asim Faraz1,*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1
...ional management, Barela camel appears as a camel breed with a good dairy potential. Moreover, according to its gross composition (fat, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids percentages being 4.26, 3.62, 4.84, 9.02 and 13.28, respectively), Barela milk appears particularly rich compared to literature data. A long term monitoring, notably throughout the lactation, could be a good opportunity to assess the potential of this b...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
...tations though browse by camels surrounding the area of Mithi (sandy desert zone), Tando Allahyar (irrigated zone) and Thatta (coastal mangroves zone) of Sindh province. The attributes like major nutrients (moisture, dry matter, total organic matter, inorganic/mineral matter (ash), ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and total carbohydrate contents) were included. Comprehensive survey indicated year round availability of 19 differe...
Ihsanullah Kakr1, Sarwar Khan2, Khalid Khan3* and Sajjad Ahmed1
...ith thick populations of camels and have different climate and geographical distribution were selected. The questionnaire was developed for survey of Camel farmers and information regarding the age of respondent, experience, type of community, feeding/watering pattern of camels, prevailing camel diseases in the area, treatment facilities, traditional rem...
Masroor Ellahi Babar*
...king region in Dromedary camel of Pakistan is highly polymorphic and it is phylogeneticaly linked with other mammals. The analyses of the sequence of 5︠ flanking region in various breeds reveals the presence of different polymorphic regions includes cysteine nucleotide deletion, AT bases insertion and transvertions (C>G; G>T). Deletion of A bases at c.1-1075 and hetrozygosity (CT) at the c1-1046 were analyzed along with some other SNPs are very importa...
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
...pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mules and donkey. Score from female respondents by different pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mules and donkey receive were 33.67±2.55, 29±1.00, 29.52±2.52 and 58.67±2.082 respectively (% means ± Standard deviation), while from male respondents with the % means ± Standard deviation of 34.67±6.43, 35.00±1.00, 36....
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Annamaria Passantino2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Naeem Ullah Khan5, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel6
...ile of Marecha dromedary camel calves reared in intensive management system (IMS) by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was conducted at camel breeding and research station (CBRS) Rakh-Mahni tahsil Mankera of district Bhakkar-Punjab, Pakistan. Ten male calves of 310±35 days of age were raised in stall-fed conditions. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels as 18% (G1) and 22% (G2...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...g kin Boselaphus tragocamelus and Tetracerus quadricornis.
Sumaira, Ali Mujtaba Shah*, Ghulam Asghar Solangi, Ifra Anwar, Qudratullah Kalwar
...se, yak, goat, bison and camel while the 80 % milk is produced by cows. Milk of camel plays an essential part in the diet of human. Additionally, camel milk comprises numerous fatty acids and enzymes. Hence camel milk has many beneficial effects, such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-ageing. Besides,
Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*
Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
... 8 have been reported in camels from Middle-East countries. Considering the increasing globalization of food markets, the possibility exists of widespread HEV infection in new areas of the world. In the present era, there is a need to study transmission dynamics of HEV in context to humans, animals and the environment so as to develop better prevention control measures through ‘One Health’ concept. The clinical manifestations of HEV can vary from s...
Hari Prasad Sharma1*, Shova Adhikari1, Yogesh Rai1, Rajkumar Sijapati1, Sapana Chand1, Manisha Karki1, Rubina Thapa Magar1, Ashik Husain1, Khadka Bahadur Khatri1, Melina Karki1, Samiksha Badu1, Sushila Bajracharya1, Somika Pathak1, Rachana Shah2 and Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral2
...ird, ostrich Struthio camelus in Central Zoo of Nepal is suffering from visitors’ activities. Both male and female ostrich turn their heads many times towards visitors while they are resting and moving. The female ostrich was less affected by visitors’ presence while resting due to the structural design of the cage/enclosure than the male ostrich. Visitors influenced both male and female ostrich activities while moving. As the visitors&rsquo...
Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5
Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...cross-sectional study of camel mastitis was conducted on 150 lactating camels from July to December 2019 to figure out the prevalence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating camels in the Benadir Region of Somalia and also to recognize the associated microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT)...
Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*
Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
... (sheep, cattle, horses, camels, dogs, cats, pigs) new variants of coat pigmentation are achieved by generating mutation in MC1R and ASIP allele. A row of scientists is working on genome sequences and mutations for getting a better and healthier pigmentation besides animal welfare. This review article contains a complete elaboration about the worth of pigmentation in animals, natural pigmentation process and new mutation and deviation in animal genome related ...
Blood Biochemical and Hair Mineral Profile of Camel Calves Reared under Different Management Systems
Asim Faraz*
...ofile of male and female camel calves. Eighteen Marecha camel calves of almost same weight and age were divided randomly into three groups each having 3 ♂ and 3 ♀ reared under intensive (IMS), semi-intensive (SIMS) and extensive (EMS) management systems. The calves in first group reared in IMS were fed @ 1 kg concentrate having 18% CP and 2.41 Mcal/kg energy along with gram crop residues ad libitum, the second gro...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Ayman Balla Mustafa2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5
...s population. Mainly the camel production is in remote areas as pastoral system in desert ecosystem of Pakistan. Due to the urbanization, this husbandry system is changed and the cameleers are moving towards urban/peri-urban areas of arid and semi-arid environment. This study was planned to check its production potential in extensive management system (EMS) and semi-intensive management system (SIMS). The mean milk yield and...
Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3
Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...cattle, bovine, buffalo, camel, Iran and prevalence alone or in combination in both English and Farsi language. After reviewing 82 published articles, a total of 48 studies from 29 articles were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis study. The total seroprevalence of bluetongue in apparently healthy sheep, goat, cow and camel at animal level based on ELISA test was 50.4% (95% CI= 43.5–57.2), 79.2% (95% CI= 70.7...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...ersity of Sonid bactrian camels, and the correlation between microsatellite markers and their body size was analyzed to find microsatellite markers associated with the body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels, so as to provide reference for marker-assisted selection of Sonid bactrian camels. The results showed that 64 alleles were detected in 17 microsatellite markers. The average number ...
Tanveer Hussain, Masroor Ellahi Babar*, Akhtar Ali and Fiaz Hussain
...squo;s biodiversity, the camel proved to be a unique animal with physiological features. These attributes of the camel instigate us to explore its genetic architecture. Pakistan boasts a camel population of about 20 different breeds and a total of one million head. However, till date, scarce genetic data is available on Pakistani camel’s genomics. ...
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