Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
...n in two agro-ecological zones in Punjab. The method of ordinary least square was used. Time series data for different explanatory variable (eco- nomic, location and climatic) from 1979-2009 relating to wheat were used for Faisalabad and Ba- hawalpur. The results of analysis showed that the effect of climatic variables was found significantly higher than that of non-climatic variables. The largest impact on wheat yield was of mean maximum average temperature a...
Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1
...ct was divided into four zones and two villages were selected from each zone. An equal number of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, i.e. ten each, were selected from each village. Thus the total sample size was 160 farmers. Cobb Douglas Production Function (CDPF) was used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that credit has positive effects on wheat productivity. Analysis shows that only 30% of credit users are utilizing loan for the purcha...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale and the regression analysis. The study revealed that farmers perceived the level of accountability of extension to farmers in the study area as poor. Level of education, access to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influenced accountability at p<0.05. Based on the find...
Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele
...Programme administrative zones (Zones C and D) in Kwara State where fish farming is prominent and well-practiced was carried out. Forty fish farmers were then randomly selected from the fish farmers’ association chapter present in each selected Local Government Area. Interview-schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. The findings revealed that the fish farmers were economically active with a mean a...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
...different agroecological zones of Pakistan. Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium sp. along with other fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as genetically by amplifying internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Variability among Fusarium species based on ITS showed that it is not enough to score diversity within species and isolates. Additionally pathogenicity of isolate...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Ehsan Kamrani1, Narges Amrollahi Biuki1 and Hossein Zamani2
...r 2014 in the intertidal zones of Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf. The numbers of males, females, unsexual samples were counted for 71, 126 and 20, respectively. Females were totally 1.77 times heavier than males. Wet weights of gonads were nearly 8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. Only females were observed by gonad wet weights more than 12 g. The gonad wet weights of females (3.74±3.26) was heavier than males (3.46±2.63). March to Augu...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
... different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh during 2012. The findings revealed that the significant differences were observed between the populations for all characters except abdomen length, fore wing width and length of trochanter and tibia. Overall, the mean of populations for head height × width, proboscis length, thorax length, abdomen length, fore wing length × width, cubital index, hind wing length × width, number of hamuli, cox...
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
...rn, central and northern zones located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. Yellow rust occurrence was distributed over an area of 463 acres in all three wheat production zones. Maximum yellow rust impact values (estimated by Field Impact Factor (FIF) of 121, 201 and 328 were recorded in Bannu (Southeren Zone), Nowshara (Central Zone) and Mansehra (Northeren Zone), respectively. Fields with yellow rust incidence of 26% ...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
... three distinct temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Twelve hundreds ticks were collected from four hundreds animals comprising of two hundred and fifty cattle and one hundred and fifty buffaloes. Descriptive statistics with Pearson’s Chi-square test and regression model were applied to analyze the data. The results of study found Rhepicephalus the most prevalent genus followed by Heamaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacenter a...
Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...al and Northern climatic zones of KP. Results from descriptive statistical analysis demonstrate that net-return per acre from wheat crop is highest in the Central zone because of conducive agro-climatic conditions. The estimated Cross-sectional Ricardian Model reveals that temperature and rainfall have non-linear relationships with net-return per acre. The relationship between growers’ net-return and atmospheric temperature, represented with a temperatur...
Zia-ur-Rehaman1, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2,*
... groups: TN and HAT zones. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature, while chicks in HAT zone were kept at high ambient temperature. Chicks in each group were further divided into four sub groups. Each sub group was further subdivided into four replicates having ten chicks per replicate. Blood was collected on weekly basis from day 21 to 42. Mean serum antibody titer against Newcastle disease (ND) and serum paraoxonase (PON1) were signi...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
...x different hydrological zones of the confluence, the porpoise was more likely to prefer the flow deflection and flow stagnation zones of the confluence. The average occurrence rate in the flow deflection and flow stagnation zones was 32% and 44%, respectively. Based on these observations, we concluded that the confluence of the Yangtze and Wanhe rivers is a popular habitat of the Yangtze ...
Zia ur Rehman1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3
...wo different temperature zones i.e., thermoneutral zone (TN) and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Day-old broiler chicks (n=242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room for the first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature (25ºC ± 2ºC and RH 65 ±5%) while chicks in HAT gr...
Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain
...KP was divided into five zones as Northern KP, Southern KP, Eastern KP, Western KP and Central KP. A total of 100 collected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presence of bacteria. The samples were crushed homogenized in 0.85% TBE buffer and platted on YDC (Yeast extract-Dextrose-CaCO3) for bacterial growth. For identification of the characteristic bacterial colonies Cmm-specific primers CMM-5 and CMM-6 were used for amplification of 614bp produc...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...Two different ecological zones, Cholistan (n=185) and Suleiman Range (n=177) of Pakistan having major population of camel were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test using convenient sampling technique. Biochemical examination was performed to isolate S. aureus that further were tested Penicillin, Glycopeptide, and Cephalosporin classes of antibiotics for confirmation of MDR isolates using disk diffusion method. MDR were tested...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...5 mutants producing halo zones. Percentage blood clot lysis led to screening of mutants UV 2, UV 6, UV 7, UV 9, UV 11, UV 12, UV 15 and EB 3, EB 4, EB 11, EB 13 with hyperactivity as compared to wild bacterial strain. Out of the total 15 isolates of EtBr-treated strains, EB4 gave the maximum enzyme activity (7.3 ± 0.005 U ml-1) with a zone diameter of 6 mm. While UV6 was found to be the best UV-induced mutant with an enzyme activity of 20.333...
A. R. Rattu, M. Fayyaz, I. Ahmad, M. A. Akhtar* A. A. Hakro and K. A. Khanzada**
...ifferent agro-ecological zones of the country presenting hot spots for leaf and yellow rust along with artificial inoculation with prevalent pathotypes. These candidate lines were undergoing mandatory testing to develop varieties for irrigated and rainfed areas of Pakistan. Out of these 29 candidate lines, 9 were common to NUWYT 2003-04 and 2004-05. Three candidate lines namely, V-00125, 99B2278, 99B4012 from seeding date were found resistant to both leaf and ...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*
... from different cropping zones of the Punjab province as sample of the national survey. The survey results reveal that decline in wheat area, the incidence of frost/cold spells, shortage of irrigation water over normal supplies, imbalanced use of fertilizers particularly of DAP fertilizer below the recommended doses, higher prices of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, diesel, electricity and less wheat prices during 2006-07 and late announcement of the minimum g...
Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*
... various agro ecological zones of Pakistan were interlinked to some extent however Kasuri methi make their identity by standing alone among tested genotypes on the dendrogram, due to the geographical environment of Kasur in Punjab. In this connection ‘Benefit sharing’ mechanism can be accelerated by escalating farmer’s participation for more cultivation in the interest of country....
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah, Shahid Masood** and Muhammad Irfan Khan*
...ifferent agro-ecological zones of the world and compared for their phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative) and biochemical trait. Comparatively high variation was seen for seed germination, canopy and spikes/plant, florets/spike and leaf area. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 9 Ocimum genotypes into two major clusters on the basis of total seed protein and phenotypic characters, except Siam Queen and Lime basil stand alone, respectively. Euclidian distance for m...
Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **
... of farmers in semi arid zones of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan. Data for the study has been taken from various issues of Crop Area Production (by districts) MINFA (Economic Wing), district agricultural departments and meteorological department, Islamabad. Primary data for the study was collected in 2010 by conducting farm level surveys in Kohat and Attock districts. Clusters of six villages were selected from each district for field surv...
Asad Sultan1, Sahal Ahmad1, Sarzamin Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Tahir3 and Shakoor Ahmad2
...t both levels of thermal zones. The results of silymarin on growth, nutrient digestibility and hematological parameters were comparatively lower (P<0.05) in broilers during TN and HS zones. The current results indicate that the supplementation of feed with silymarin and ZnO improved the growth performance, blood parameters and nutrient digestibility in broiler during heat stress, however, the positive effect of ZnO was be...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah and Shahid Masood**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AMONG MENTHA SPP.
...rom different ecological zones of the world. Great variation was observed in stem length with the coefficient of variation of 198.7% and standard deviation of 14.1. Among the 17 mint collection, nine special aromas was smelled including mint gum, strong camphoraceous, mint like, spicy, lemon, pungent, musky and acrid due to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds and essential oils. The present study may help to patronize the essential oil industry on late...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...production by ecological zones was also conducted. Wide variations in share of feed sources in total feeding cost per annum, milk productivity and profitability of main cow breeds across selected areas have been observed. Concentrate feeding is the main cost item for cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. While, in coastal and desert areas of Sindh, and mountainous - AJK wheat ...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*
YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ton-wheat and rice-wheat zones of the province, respectively. Ordinary least square regression analysis of wheat production by assuming Cobb-Douglas specification reveals that the number of irrigations, usage of farm yard manure and fertilizers contribute positively and significantly to wheat crop production. Coefficients of dummy variables for cropping zones indicate that farmers in the mixed cropping zone are obtaining bet...
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...activity in all cropping zones of Pakistan. Women cotton pickers mostly belong to poor rural society involved in this labour force to feed their families. Cotton pickers in Pakistan face some serious health related problems due to heavy use of pesticides on cotton crop. The present study was designed to investigate the problem faced by women cotton pickers and their role in household decision making. Overall 150 women cotton pickers were interviewed from Bahaw...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*
ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
... various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. For this purpose, 219 buffalo farmers were randomly selected from mixed and rice-wheat cropping zones of Punjab and Sindh provinces, mixed cropping zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, coastal zone of Sindh and mountainousAJK. Of these, 155 and 64 were Nili-Ravi and Kundhi buffalo breed farmers, respectively. The study revealed that among the structure of cost components, fee...
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...r the nine agro-climatic zones of the country (rice/wheat Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, low intensity Punjab, Barani Punjab, cotton/wheat Sindh, rice other Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan) were calculated for farming and non-farming households. The indices of poverty were also measured for households that only did farming, undertook farming and non-farm activities and those that did no farming in the various agro-climatic
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... ecological mix cropping zones. Data were collected with the help of a validated and reliable interview schedule through a research team comprising of four members who were properly trained for the purpose. Highest farmers' participation was perceived in supply of inputs and was ranked 1 with mean value 3.10. There existed a highly significant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in var...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...on through different fly-zones in order to shun the perils of extreme cold annually in the winter season. Indus Fly Zone in Pakistan serves as a middle Asian flying route for the migratory birds that is connected to West Asian and East African flying routes. The ecological concerns faced by the migratory birds in Pakistan have been reviewed extensively. The disappearing trends of migratory birds are recorded from fresh water reservoirs of Pakistan and are main...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...iting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Same samples were further processed for the isolation of virus by embryonated egg inoculation technique. Moreover, out of 507 samples, 479 serum samples were scrutinized by enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA). Sero-prevalence of AIV among different species of wild bird...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
... biosecurity and housing zones and non- significant (P>0.05) association with rearing system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-prevalence report of avian influenza (H5) in broilers in these districts of the province. Necessary measures are required to overcome the situation and improve vaccination and hygiene.
...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Six, thermal datasets were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to delineate Y...
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
...ree different ecological zones of Sindh province including Larkana, Jacobabad and Badin were selected. The study was based on a sample of 25 tillers covering all area from an acre in order to record the pest population randomly. Later, the pest population was also recorded at particular stages of rice (tillering, milking and booting) with effect of abiotic factors (temperature and relative humidity). In last, the varietal screening of 30 local rice varieties i...
Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
...rn, Central and Southern zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 200 maize growers were randomly selected through multistage sampling technique. Primary data on net revenue from maize crop was collected through an interview schedule and secondary data on temperature and precipitation was collected from Regional Metrological Department, Peshawar. Cross sectional Ricardian Model was used to estimate the effect of temperature and precipitation on net revenue. Resu...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
...Kalat were more effected zones of the Balochistan province. Sheep were more effected (54.78 %) than goats (34.4 %). C. perfringens was identified through different biochemical tests and PCR. Based on length of synthesized fragments by PCR, toxin gens of alpha and epsilon types were detected. C. perfringens type D was sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin, while...
Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma1
...ional cotton cultivation zones which is facing a limited insect-pest-pressure. Moreover, water scarcity is extremely high temperature in the core zones colligate, which is already under observations where the temperature is extremely high. In Pakistan, closely 1.7 million peoples they are engaged in growing cotton crop. The farmers of Pakistan surveying and evolution for high quality of fiber and high quality of lint yield s...
Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
... in four Agro-ecological zones of the province with the help of proportional allocation sampling method. Data from the respondents were collected through pretested and validated interview schedule. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver.20. Mean, standard deviation, chi-square test and paired sample t-tests were calculated to achieve the study objectives. Results of the study revealed that Field Assistants were incompetent in competencies regarding record keeping on...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...reduction in diameter of zones of all motilities when the
concentration of NaCl increased in medium. Among chemical factors, tobramycin
was proven to have excellent efficiency to reduce bacterial motilites whereas
proteinase K enzyme showed weak antimotility effect against all tested bacterial
strains. From this study we proposed that instead of biofilm detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physic...
concentration of NaCl increased in medium. Among chemical factors, tobramycin
was proven to have excellent efficiency to reduce bacterial motilites whereas
proteinase K enzyme showed weak antimotility effect against all tested bacterial
strains. From this study we proposed that instead of biofilm detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physic...
Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3*
... the ten agro ecological zones of the country. Rice, cotton and mix-cropping are practiced in these zones. The findings show that maintaining soil fertility and controlling livestock diseases were the main challenges resource-poor farmers face while water conservation and climate smart agricultural practices were proposed as the main mitigation strategies. Educating resource poor farmers on the causes and consequences of env...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...distinct agro-ecological zones of Pakistan viz. Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range. A total of 768 lactating she-camels were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Chol...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...ties were sampled from 3 zones created in Mirpur district (Azad Jammu and Kashmir). Random transects of fixed length were laid and number of active burrows counted and habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Most favored altitudinal range was 450 m to-550 m (asl). Pop...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
... D. turcica. The maximum zones of inhibition, 23.00±0.56 mm and 25.00±0.50 mm was given by ethyl acetate fraction of leaves against P. fluorescens and A. niger respectively. The crude saponins isolated from leaves did not give significant results against the tested bacterial strains where as it was significantly active against fungal strains. The results were compared to standard drug, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole which gave 30.0±0.0 mm a...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2
... from different climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were measured in this study. TOA-MD model was used to measure the impact of climate change adaptation strategies. Adjustment in sowing time, improved fertilizer application method and increasing sowing densities were three-major adaptation practices whose benefits were analyzed. The adaptation results indicated that adopters of adaptation technology would range from 33 % to 74.47 % in Dera Ismail K...
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
...ifferent agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The climatic and non-climatic variables employed for the study were area under maize, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation, respectively. For statistical analysis, panel data record for twenty years (1996-2015) across five districts of the province were scrape together from Development Statistic of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Bureau of Statistic and Pakistan Meteorological Department,...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...ex among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and Cotton-Wheat Sindh were the least vulnerable to climate change. In depth analysis of variables of sub-indices suggested that weather related hazards, coupled with extreme cold and hot months were much higher in Punjab. Drought impact was found higher in KPK a...
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1
...oss four agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to analyze the allocative efficiency of inputs in maize production. This study employed a multistage stage sampling technique for choosing the sample size. The data was collected from 200 respondents using a well–designed interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas type production function was modelled to estimated allocative efficiencies of individual inputs used in maize production. The estimated allocative eff...
Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan
...al and Southern climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The selected wheat growers were interviewed for data collection. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted over the collected data-set to estimate a grower’s probability of adopting improved seed technology and quantify the role of FSC in adoption. Result confirms that membership in FSC was the most important determinant of improved wheat seed technology adoption. Head’s education level ...
Muhammad Usman* and Sajjad Ahmad
...rom different ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in 2018. In this paper, Chablisea imbiba and Chablisea condimenta are described for the first time from Pakistan. Morphological description is provided and elucidated with digital images. ...
Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem
...corded in groundnut root zones. Significant relation occurred between occluded–P with bulk density, exchangeable Ca and ECEC (effective cation exchange capacity), saloid bound P with BS (base saturation), moisture content as well as organic carbon, Al–P with available phosphorus and moisture content while Ca–P and Fe-Al–P had significant relation with available phosphorus and effective cation exchange capacity. As a result of different ...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
...pectrum in agro-climatic zones of Punjab and their representative districts by using cross sectional data of HIES/PSLM of last 10 years from 2005-2006 to 2015-16. By developing an axiomatic framework 3 most widely used inequality measures (Gini-coefficient, Atkinson Measure and Generalized Entropy Index) have been estimated for uni-dimensional inequality while a single measure of Araar (2009) is used for the assessment of multidimensional inequality. Calculate...
Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7
Fermín López-Uriostegui1, Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox2*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María R. Castañeda-Chávez1, Itzel Galaviz-Villa1, Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca2 and Arturo Ruiz Luna3
...‰) in subtropical zones.
...
Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4
...bad, Pakistan. The three zones of city were selected for the purpose of sample collection. Mean prevalence of E. coli 61.7% was indicated by Spread plate method. Prevalence of Total plate count checked and pathogenic count was calculated in CFU/g and CFU/ml, mean CFU for E. coli and TPC was (3.39×104 to 3.15×105). Total 47.9% samples of spices were found adulterated for eight differen...
Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...for the current study, 3 zones from 5 were purposively selected on the basis of their different agricultural condition. Selection of sample size was made using Yamane formula. The number of respondents as per formula was confined to 188 respondents in district Mansehra, 153 respondents in district Swabi and 59 respondents from district Karak, where data were collected randomly. Five point Likert scale was used to record responses of the respondents. The result...
M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...the different senatorial zones was determined: soil samples from the Central zone recorded the lowest prevalence 87.50% while the soil samples from Western senatorial zone revealed 91.43% presence of the EPNs. The highest frequency of occurrence of EPNs94.29% was recorded in the soil samples from Eastern senatorial zone. Nematode distribution and frequency was found to be related to soil pH (pH<4.5 to pH>7.2) and soil moisture. This is the first report o...
Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
...es
and Industrial zones, which are continuously disposing off their untreated wastewater to the natural water bodies. In
this study Laboratory investigations on 5 composite samples were carried out. Total of 19 parameters were analyzed
including Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oxygen demand (COD), Sulfide, Fluoride, Lead, Nickel, Boron, Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganes...
and Industrial zones, which are continuously disposing off their untreated wastewater to the natural water bodies. In
this study Laboratory investigations on 5 composite samples were carried out. Total of 19 parameters were analyzed
including Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oxygen demand (COD), Sulfide, Fluoride, Lead, Nickel, Boron, Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganes...
M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
...ise level at all factory zones was significantly different than that of administration section with a p-value < 0.0001. The re-rolling noise level was found to be extremely significant, followed by furnace and unloading section. Likewise the indoor factory heat level is also significant from outside air temperature. The interview survey revealed that the workers exposed to these chronic conditions in the factory are suffering from post work irritability, he...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Usman Ghani* and Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION TO CHECK THE FEASIBILITY OF COMPOSTING FOR SMALL CITIES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF TAXILA CITY
... of dwellers, with these zones named as poor, average, and rich. A total of fifty, thirty and fifteen sampling sites are selected from each of these zones respectively. Solid waste samples are collected from the selected sites for a week on daily basis, which are then analyzed to find their composition and are recorded accordingly for each zone. The analyses of collected samples indicated that almost 60-70% of...
Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**
SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...four (04) seismic source zones. The attenuation equation of Boore and Atkinson 2008 next generation attenuation (BA08 NGA) has been used for the determination of the ground motion parameters. Maximum PGA of 0.49g by BA08 NGA obtained for Islamabad at rock site due to Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). In PSHA using the Crisis-2007 software, PGA values with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years i.e. the return period of 475 years have been dete...
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
..., the role of geographic-zones and respondents’ educational level has also been found significant. Therefore, more efforts, if directed, to enhance climate change awareness through dissemination of authentic and need based information, would significantly help farmers to undertake more relevant, effective and efficient adaptation measures, thereby, contributing in increasing the agriculture yield and reduce losses. However, imprudent projection of climat...
Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*
...Sea. As the distribution zones of these five stocks are much overlapped, principal component analysis for otolith shape is not possible to distinguish L. haematocheilus stocks. Based on the Fourier coefficient, Fisher’s discriminant analysis accurately classified 76.2% specimens into correct stocks whereas the discriminant function of shape indices only correctly identified 62.8% specimens into right stocks. As the sagittae in L. ...
Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...he ANOVA for inhibitions zones indicates the effect of plants, bacteria strains, and concentration on growth of bacteria in the bacteria growth culture medium and their interactions. The plants crude extracts were having significant effects on the bacterial growth in bacteria growth medium while bacterial strains and concentrations have also significant affected the bacteria growth and zone of inhibitions by different concentration. However, the various concen...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
... from diverse ecological zones of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The qualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contribut...
Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
...ally from four different zones of district Peshawar during the period of February, 2019 to April, 2019. C. perfringens Type D was confirmed through bacterial culturing, Gram staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Results revealed that 25 feacal samples collected from suspected goats were positive for C. perfringens Type D and the overall prevalence of enterotoxaemia in goats in district Peshawar was 25%. The prevale...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...g in three agro climatic zones. A total of 51 bird species belonging to 31 families and 15 orders were recorded from studied locations. A diverse range of vegetation distribution was observed with 12 weed species, 22 tree species and three crops near the ponds. Avian species richness index was found positively correlated high with the occurrence of bird species in the habitat, rather than their individuals. The results of this study indicated that vegetation c...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...erent vegetation density zones i.e. dense forest, moderate forest and agriculture land. Results showed that the amount of rainfall, soil texture and soil infiltration capacity were important factors affecting soil erosion. The sandy clay loam soils of dense forest lands had a relatively small intensity of erosion (2.1 mm.yr-1) due to mean annual rainfall of 31.46 mm.yr-1 with high soil infiltration capacity value of 19.8 cm/h while the sa...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4, Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...aximum growth inhibition zones i.e., 15 and 17 mm by Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 and Bacillus aerius AsCh-A7 respectively. Six probiotic bacterial isolates of known enumeration (C.F.U.ml-1) showed growth antagonism for the fish pathogen with inocula comprising of less number of C.F.U.ml-1. Highest survival rates i-e 63.5 and 70.17% were expressed by Sphingomonas sp.AsCh-P3 and B. aerius AsCh-A7 respe...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
... 13.44% in highly eroded zones of the total Chakwal watershed area. Chakwal watershed is a rainfed and semi-arid with a drainage contributing area of 6524 km2. The RUSLE factors were calculated through vulnerable erosion zones remote sensing datasets demarcated by GIS. Computed soil erodibility, rainfall erodibilty, topographic-length-slope, crop management and conservation factor reveal interesting results and ar...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2,
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...ambs from four different zones of district Peshawar. Isolates were morphologically, biochemically and molecularly confirmed through Gram staining, gelatin liquefaction test (GLT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Out of total, 85 (31.3%) were positive for C. perfringens type D on PCR. The results revealed 6-34% prevalence of C. perfringens type D in different regions. Similarly, significantly (PË‚0.001) higher prevalence w...
Syed Ismat Hussain1, Muhammad Ramzan Asi1, Habbib Anwar1, Faqeer Ahmad1, Ateeq ur Rehman2*, Muhammad Shahid3, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Ummad ud Din Umar2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Memuna Ijaz1 and Hafiz Usman Shakir1
... in different ecological zones using Analysis of Variance and Tukey multiple comparison means tests indicated a 95 % reduction in moth trap catches from July to October, in all the tested ecological zones. The percentage flower and boll damage in the control fields was significantly higher than those in the PB ropes fields. There were no significant differences in moth catches, rosette flower percentage or left over boll dam...
Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah
...e very low, the mountain zones experience the ill effects of food insecurity. This study scrutinizes food security status in the mountainous territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and proposes actions to achieve food security. A contextual investigation of 3 tehsils, situated in all the Haveli area, was led and an all-out number of 351 sampled households were reached through a simple random sampling strategy using a structured questionnaire as a tool for collec...
Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1
... in different ecological zones with salt affected soils with variety of saline water may be grown to confer these approaches. ...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...taxis as active tectonic zones. The areas which include, Shawar, Haramosh, Kachura, Astak Nala, Gilgit, Skardu, Astore, Sai Nala Jaglot, Gunar and Gorikot are highly vulnerable to active tectonic deformation. This research concludes that the TSR and DD techniques are potential markers for the demarcation of active vulnerable zones that may threaten the life lines in the socio economic context. ...
Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam
...from four agroecological zones (AEZ) i.e., AEZ-A, AEZ-B, AEZ-C and AEZ-D of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The mycological analysis of the samples demonstrated that the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was existed in soil (n = 236) than in maize grain samples (n = 198). Across all the four zones, the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was observed in AEZ-C (n = 115) whereas the lowe...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...lis in both climatic zones shown a similar pattern during the study with a major peak in August in off seasoned guava. Whereas decreased population of Bactrocera flies were obtained in the month of January in Larkana (16.5±1.18, 12.9±1.47) and Hyderabad (19.3±1.28,13.4±1.39) regions, respectively. The abundance of fruit flies showed a significant correlation with temperature and slight negative relativity with humidity. T...
Ameer Hamza1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor Us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Muhammad Luqman2,*
...ifferent agro-ecological zones and for other field crops will be required for future implementation....
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali
...ere increased inhibition zones were observed against all three bacteria. This study suggested that spider silk does possess antibacterial potential, however, this is not an intrinsic property and is type specific as well as species specific. Use of spider silk for coating of medical devices such as stents and catheters can decrease transmission of pathogenic bacteria forming biofilms as well as aid in wound healing....
Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4
...samples fell under mixed zones, therefore, the groundwater found neither anion dominant nor cation dominant, but Na-Cl type. The results further revealed that 95% of water samples (38) were alkaline in nature and unfit for dilution purposes of insecticide including Abamectin, Cyromazine, Fluvalinate, Imidacloprid, Methiocarb and Spiromesifen. Moreover, all the samples were exceeding the permissible pH level of 4.0 to 6.5 required for the mixing of commonly use...
Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2,
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4,
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...s divided in three study zones (Mirpur, Dadhyal and Chakswari) along the Jhelum river and further sub-divided into 18 localities. Line transect, hand capture, visual survey, tracking, trapping methods were applied to collect data related to diversity, distribution, density and questionnaire method applied to assess threats. Analysis of data revealed that four freshwater turtle species including Indian flapshell turtle (Lissemys punctate), Indian narrow headed ...
Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*
... different agro-climatic zones at the species level and to serotype the BTV prevalent in the study areas....
Treatment Approaches of Ovine Fungal Diseases using Antibiotics and Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants
Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina
...ns compared to temperate zones and Saharan zones. So through this review article, we try to show the different ancient and modern methods of treating these diseases and to share them with other societies....
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...mation of plaques (clear zones of inhibition) on the lawn of the plates of Escherichia coli was confirmed. The isolation of Escherichia coli phages from residential and farm wastewaters is a promising molecular tool for E. coli tracking in the environment....
Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5
...itrus growing ecological zones in Kenya. The identified species were Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Helicotylenchus dihystera and, Pratylenchus brachyurus. The most abundant species in all the surveyed localities was T. semipenetrans. Factor regression analysis results showed that modest rainfall amounts favoured high density populations of PPNs on citrus roots where soil types of Rackers in Baringo and Luvisols, Ferralsols and Cambisols in ...
Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab
...el was divided into five zones such as Raikot-Basha, Basha-Dasu, Dasu-Pattan, Pattan-Thakot and Thakot-Tarbela. The mean water quality of study site was as follows: pH 7.32, air temperature 21.15°C, water temperature 15.9°C, dissolved oxygen (DO) 6.41 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 125.62 mg/L total hardness 77.50 mg/L, alkalinity 72.17 mg/L (as CaCO3) and conductivity 129.04 µs/cm. Planktonic study revealed the presence of variety of phytopl...
Aulia Nurul Saputri, I Komang Gede Wiryawan, Dilla Mareistia Fassah*, Dewi Apri Astuti
... different in inhibition zones against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). All isolates showed no hemolysis activity. Three isolates (A3, A4, and B1) are molecularly identified as Enterococcus faecalis which showed a potency as probiotic candidate. We conclude that Enterococcus faecalis is a potential probiotic that can be isolated from BSF larvae.
Keywords | 16S rRNA Gene; BSF Larvae; Chicken Manure; Lactic Acid Bacteria; Palm Kernel Mea...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...ts in different climatic zones of Sindh Province. Steiner type (Tando Jam) traps baited with methyl eugenol and 5% pesticide were incorporated in the guava and mango orchards of Hyderabad and Larkana. Fruit flies were trapped in the field throughout the year. The results revealed the distinct patterns of population dynamics at both climatic zones. The population density was greater for B. zonata as compared B. dorsalis in gu...
Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1
...d and semi-arid tropical zones of the world; now it is necessary to understand and utilizing the genetic diversity of sorghum hybrids for better crop production. In this study, crossing and selfing was done in parental lines of sorghum hybrids; such as A, B and R line system out of which 14 hybrids were finalized based on its morphological traits and statistically interpreted. Its genetic diversity is most important for exploitation of the genetic resources to...
Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1
... various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan focusing on the Punjab Province. A total of 400 samples were randomly collected from cattle and buffalo of wheat rice Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, Low intensity Punjab and Rain-fed Punjab zones. The study revealed individual seroprevalence of BoHV-1 49.5% in cattle and 51.5% in buffalo. Over all prevalence in five zones of Punjab was...
Mehwish Saleem1* and Amina Atiq2
...rticles, with inhibitory zones of 19 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm for an aqueous extract for aqueous extract and for ethanolic garlic extract was (19mm, 17mm and 15mm) K. pneumonia was the least susceptible, with inhibitory zones for aqueous and ethanolic garlic extracts of 10 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm, respectively (10mm, 8mm and 10mm). The findings of the study point to the potential for supplementing antibiotic therapy with garlic, whi...
Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1
...align: justify;">Aquifer zones had been explored by the geo-electrical method of electrical resistivity survey (ERS) to mark out subsurface formations in terms of groundwater quality and quantity. The main focus was on identification of subsurface litho-logy and aquifer zones by resistivity method in parts of the Havelian Cantt, Abbottabad district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province and Sanjwal Cantt, Attock district, Punjab...
Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2
... out in other ecological zones of Pakistan on different types of soils to introduce appropriate tillage practices that perform better and are site-specific not only for wheat rotation but for other crops. Further experiments should be conducted to analyze the impact of deep tillage treatments on the tillage practices and organic fertilizers on soil properties, growth, and yield of the wheat crop....
Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...d into three geo-climate zones (Northern, Central and Southern zones). Results from data analysis revealed that 46.6 percent of the sampled rural households were multidimensional poor and the derived Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), at 0.30 cutoff level, was 0.254 for the overall rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The decomposition of the household’s average deprivation level revealed that ‘living-standard’ and...
Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1*, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2
...foothill and mountainous zones of the North Caucasus region (Chechen Republic) revealed a different degree of their infection with eggs of nematodes of the genus Nematodirus Ransom, 1907. In the lowland zone of the Chechen Republic, 37.50% of soil samples, 23.00% of water samples were contaminated with invasive elements, respectively, in the foothill zone, 41.00% and 26.50% of samples, in the mountainous zone - 29.00% and 15 .00% of soil and water samples. In ...
Muhammad Umair1,2, Muhammad Naeem1, Asad Jamil3 and Muhammad Younas2,4*
...ion in arid to semi-arid zones. High temperature and low rainfall lead to accumulation of salt on the soil surface. Moreover, the low organic matter status of soils further worsens the soil conditions. All these factors have severely reduced soil productivity. There is need for some sustainable management practices for rehabilitation of degraded soils in arid zones. Application of organic matter under these conditions can re...
Hasnain Raza1,2, Qun Liu1*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif2 and Yanan Han1
Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Mansoor Tariq1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Barirah Rehman Talpur1
...ing four agro-ecological zones of Sindh were examined by using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population was found to be 18.0%. The prevalence of CCPP varied significantly (p<0.001) in the four districts. It was found highest in Tharparkar (24.5%) followed by Larkana (19.0%) Jamshoro (15.5%) and Thatta (13.0%). Sex-wise seroprevalence of CCPP in goats showed significantly higher (p<0.001) occurrence in female goats (18.4%) than male ...
Farha Deba1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Muhammad Irfan1*
...ance of sizable dramatic zones around the growth patterns. These seven strains such as Bacillus velezensis FD1, Bacillus cereus FD2, Bacillus subtilis FD3, Bacillus altitudinis FD4, Bacillus licheniformis FD5, Bacillus flexus FD6 and Alcaligenes sp. FD7 were verified by the molecular identification investigation using 16S rRNA sequence technology respectively. Out of these seven isolates, the Bacillus cereus FD2 strain produced the most keratinase (298U/mL), a...
Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1
...h was divided into three zones, namely residual, erosion, and deposition. In each zone, coconut and Mahogany plants were selected with the ideal morphology for measurement of interception, throughfall, and stemflow during rain events. Soil sampling under the plant canopy was used to measure texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, macro pores, initial soil moisture, and organic matter. Coconut plants are considered better for the purpose of vegetativ...
FARZANA SIDDIQUE*1, NAZIMA FIRDOSE2, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD2, WARDAH HASSAN2
& SHAFAAT YAR KHAN2
...aried in
all zones. None of the samples showed concentration higher than MRL
prescribed by FAO. These results are of concern as adverse health
effects exerted by deltamethrin and malathion are well known. The results
of this study confirm the risks of pesticide residues exposure that threaten
consumer health in all districts of Sargodha. So, it is recommended that
the pesticide residue mon...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Shakeel Ahmed2, Liwei Teng1,3* and Zhensheng Liu1,3*
...s (PAs) and their buffer zones; however, the moderately suitable areas mainly occurred in the peri-urban zones and were avoided by red fox. Results revealed that global land cover (glc2009) and poultry (ch_2010da) were the most influential factors defining red fox suitable habitats. Based on the results obtained in the current study, we strongly recommend focusing preservation of highly and moderately suitable areas for red ...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...ering birds in temperate zones prefer high-energy food items. Limited food availability during winter affects social hierarchies....
Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3
...or the specific climatic zones of Pakistan in terms of yield, performance and adaptability. The current study was conducted to find out the optimum hatching and rearing conditions of three silkworm races (Chinese, Bulgarian and Pakistani) and to compare their biological and economic traits at optimum conditions. The silkworm eggs were hatched at a range of temperatures (21-30°C) and humidity levels of 75-80-% and 80-85% respectively. The silkworms hatched ...
Khansa Jamil1, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1, Asad Jan2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2
... in four agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of northern Benin: the far northern zone of Benin (FNZB), the cotton zone of northern Benin (CZNB), the food-producing zone of southern Borgou (FZSB), and the West Atacora zone (WAZ). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) identified three groups of goose farmers. Group 1 was composed of primary and secondary level goose farmers whose main activity was trade (56.1%); group 2 was c...
...s in the low temperature zones range from 8—180C at winter and from 27-380C at summer season where the altitude ranged from -351 to 1320 m. A novel method called maximum entropy distribution modeling was used for predicting potential suitable habitat for gummy bark disease in Egypt using occurrence records. The Maxent model's internal jackknife test Of variable importance showed that altitude and mean temperature of driest quarter are the most important ...
Shakir Ullah1* and Lubna Shakir2
...in all phytogeographical zones of Bajaur. The plant location, age, and their interactions had a significant influence on the phytochemical composition of E. helioscopia. The plant location had the highest effect on the marginal means of compounds (81.517) while the age influenced a variation by a marginal effect mean of 3.863. Some conjugated and non-conjugated compounds were common in all plant parts and ages whereas others either developed or diminished at c...
MUHAMMAD MANSHA1, MAIRA HAFEEZ1, QAMAR ALI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1, MUHAMMAD TARIQ1 & ATIF YAQUB2
... justify;">Aromatic hydrazones and their derivatives are being explored to develop new drugs against microorganisms, resistant to presently available anti-microbials. In the present study, 13 hydrazone derivatives were screened in vitro for their biological activity against microorganisms by employing agar well diffusion method. The microbes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were cultured on agar plates. Wells in agar plates were lo...
ATEEQUE RAHMAN KHOOHARO* & PIRZADA JAMALUDDIN A. SIDDIQUI
...the mid & high tidal zones. Diversity & distribution configurations were found to be linked with topography & prevailing environmental conditions....
Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1
...ships in agro-ecological zones (AEZ) II, VI and VIII of Benin. Among the respondents, 96.3% do not recognize symptoms of sweetpotato viral diseases, although 81.4% observe these symptoms in their fields with most (76.7%), a low incidence (0 to 25%). Also, 72.3% farmers affirm that the first viral symptoms appear at the flowering stage of sweetpotato plants. They observe the presence of aphids or whiteflies in their fields at 53.3% (AEZ II); 65.0% (AEZ VI) and ...
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
.... flavus with inhibition zones of 19±0.45 and 18±0.39 mm respectively. In case of stem extracts, CS exhibited strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aurous and S. flexneri with inhibition zone of 24±0.23, 22±0.67 and 20±0.32 mm respectively while the same fraction showed maximum inhibition of linear growth (22±0.76 and 19±0.66 mm) of Candida albicans and A. niger, respectively. We conclude that V. ...
Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam
Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali
...t (IPM) of maize growing zones in Pakistan and across the globe.
Novelty Statement | In this study, the biodiversity, seasonal abundance, and population dynamics of coccinellids in maize crops are discussed for the better understanding of these predators, which would be helpful in the development of sustainable pest control practices.
...
MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN,UMM E KULSOOM,FAZLI WAHID
ASM Helal Siddiqui, Md. Najmus Sayadat Pitol, Md. Akramul Islam and Sk. Mehedi Hasan
...lanted in three salinity zones of Sundarbans from 2010-2017. Plantations at fresh water zone always showed the high growth in height (m) and high survival rate (%). Mean height and survival rate (%) for Sundri plantations were 1.82m and 58.95% respectively. The mean height for less, moderate and strong saline zones were 2.31m, 1.63m and 0.73m where mean survival rate (%) were 81.84%, 38.75% and 49.51% respectively. Creating ...
Mazhar Iqbal, Ashar Farooq, Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh and Waseem Abbas
...a was divided into three zones, namely, Zone-I: Pure Chir (Pinus roxburghii) Zone, Zone-II: Chir and Robinia (Robinia pseuodocacia) Mix Zone, and Zone-III: Pure Robinia Zone. Twenty (20) sample plots were established randomly in each zone for determination of infiltration capacity. Double Ring Infiltrometer was used to collect the required information on each sample plot.
The infiltration rate for Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III was in the...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Khalid Hussain
...own in different climate zones of Pakistan in order to find variations in their technological properties based on the wood structure. Results indicate that Ash wood grown in Kashmir and Quetta are nearly similar in strength and hardness in view of fiber morphological characteristics. Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be better in seasoning and preservation behavior due to its vessels frequency and diameter. Moreover, on the basis of parenchyma distribution Ash woo...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...atersheds of the various zones are located, however it is highly regretted to state that due to anthropogenic pressure about 60-70% of these watersheds are in depleted condition (Ashraf, 1991). It means that the community's needs are to be met through optimal utilization of these valuable resources using technological advancements, avoiding every kind of deterioration and degradation under improper use. The ever increasing human and livestock population ha...
Rahim Muhammad Akmal Syed1, Hasnain Shahida2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad3 and Jabeen Farkhanda4
...ecological or vegetative zones, which are further sub-divided into 18 habitat types, an arrangement for the development of Protected Areas System in terms of representative ecotypes. During the survey of farm plantations, about 400 soil samples were collected and their physical and chemical analysis was conducted for the comparison of the four agro ecological zones of the Punjab Province of Pakistan with regards to agrofores...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
.......
Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
...ifferent agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh. Among the eight villages 37,674, trees were counted including 98 species of 33 families. The family Leguminosae dominated with 17 species followed by Moraceae 7, Palmaceae 6, Myrtaceae 6, Rutaceae 5, Meliaceae 4, Anonaceae 3 and rest are in other families. According to the size of household, large farmers have the highest number of trees (177.36 trees/ household) in all the study areas while the landless farmers ha...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...00 mm per annum In these zones temperature rises steeply during summer and drops sharply in winter giving rise to great variations in diurnal temperature Subsequently the arid and semi-arid parts of the country are characterized by low precipitation, extreme temperatures and low humidity These conditions are inhospitable to good plant growth There are frequent droughts and the plant growth fluctuates greatly with precipitation.
Pakistan is blessed to p...
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
... in different ecological zones of
Pakistan. Studies conducted by recording the
observations fortnightly on nurseries and plantations at
the Pakistan Forest Institute Campus, Peshawar showed
that the Paulownia spp. Fell prey to the attack of
fourteen insect species like Agrotis ypsilon Rott.
(Noctuidae), Aleuroplatus pectiniferus Quiint.
(Aleyrodidae), Catopsilia crocale Cram. (Pieridae),
Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reut. (Miri...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
... moist and dry temperate zones in the northern parts of the country in the altitudinal range from 1500-3000 m. While P. euphratica occupies the riverain tract right from sea-level to 4000 m in the mountains (Sheikh, 1985). The indigenous Poplar species are comparatively slow growing and take a long time to attain exploitable size (Sheikh, 1972), therefore, do not find a high recognition for the commercial production of poplar wood. The search for fast g...
Altaf Hussain
...ees segregation for SKDH zones often was in accordance with the Mendelian expectation while for the other putative loci as well as pooled data, it deviated significantly from 1:1 segregation. In most cases segregation heterogeneity was significant for certain putative loci as well as for certain provenances....
*Sadiqa Malik, **Nazir Ahmad and **Mahmood Akram
...hromatography. Six color zones were observed under
UV-light. Four of the substances, at Rf values 0.06,
0.18, 0.64 and 0,9 promoted root formation in mung-bean.
The maximum of roots was produced by dark-green colored
zone located at 0.64 Rf...
Muhammad Hanif and Bashir Hussain Shah
...pruce and dry temperate
zones. Analysis of soil samples showed that soil under
forest had higher permeability, porosity and water
holding capacity as compared to soil under agriculture
and pasture while the bulk density of soil under forest
was lower than that of soil under agriculture and range vegetation. However, except for permeability these
values were not significantly different from each other.
On the other hand, in all land uses, permeability,
...
Hanif Gul, M.I. Chaudhry M. Farooq and Rahmatullah Jan
... in different ecological zones during 1985-86. Observations recorded revealed that Platanus orientalis, L. Melia azadarach Linn and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Out of the broad leaved species and Cedrus deodara (Roxb Ex. Lanb) G. Don in the coniferous timbers showed antitermitic properties at Peshawar, National Park Lalsoharna (Bahawalpur) and Changa Manga so far.
Wood extractives of Cedrud deodara (Roxb Ex. Lanb) G.Don inner a...
F. O. C. Nwonwu
...y in
the arid semi arid zones of the tropics. ...
M. A. Ogigirigi and A. B. I. Igboanugo
...tion
at four vegetative zones of varying dryness and soil
types (Afaka, Miango and Nimbia ) in Nigeria. Root size
and distribution were measured and compared at three
determined depths along the soil profiles. Although all
the soil types have a layer of hard iron crust
(plinthite layer) with in a depth of 40-60 cm in the
soil the roots of the exotics were able to penetrate
beyond the plinths. Among the exotic, Eucalypts proved
best at penetrating the ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ed in different climatic zones in the country. The sites include Bhurban in Murree hills, Islamabad, Peshawar, Changa Manga etc. The plant seems to have responded well to its new environment with luxuriant growth producing abundant seed and good natural regeneration at favourable site (deep sandy loam, 1000 mm rain or irrigation)....
Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq
... in four agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in which one district each was selected. A sample of 147 respondents were selected from the four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the Sekaran sampling table whereas proportional allocation technique was also used to obtain the desire sample size from each district. The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents were in the “51-60” age group, with 79.5% holding a diploma as thei...
Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3
... in some agro-ecological zones of the country. This study evaluated the prevalence and risks factors of bovine schistosomiasis in the North, Adamawa and west, regions of Cameroon. A total of 700 cattle were examined in slaughterhouses in the Adamawa, North and West regions from February to September 2023.Screening methods by visual exploration of the mesenteric veins in search of adult worms and coproscopic analysis using the filtration technique were used. Th...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...eads in various climatic zones, including Africa, Asia, and Europe, causing substantial economic losses in the animal industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological state and risk factors for LSD virus (LSDV) in the six governorates of Egypt (Al-Menia, Alwady ALgaded, Al-Bhera, Al-Dakahlia, Al-Menofia, and Al-Sharqia), based on viral isolation and molecular detection. The required data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire during f...
Saleem Abid1* and Muhammad Jahanzaib2
... different agro-climatic zones of Pakistan. The combined variance effects (Anova) based on AMMI model confirmed significant differences (P<0.01) among genotypes, environments, and the genotype by environmental (G x E) interactions. The environmental factors explained 81.29% of the total yield variation. Environment variations proved to be the main factor influencing the performance of groundnut-genotypes in most of the locations where the study was conducte...
Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4
...l), different inhibition zones alongside bacterial were isolated with an rise in agent concentrations. The full inhibition zone for Ag-NPs biosynthesized showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0032) , but the least zone was established alongside pseudomonas with clear significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extra...
Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*
... strains with inhibition zones between 17-19 mm followed by garlic with inhibition zones between 16-18 mm and rosemary with 8-13mm. Meanwhile Ficus sycomorus and Ziziphus spina-christi have no effect against the three tested strains. Combinations of these extracts and antibiotics (amoxicillin, doxycycline and florophenicol) were applied with Decimal Assay for Additivity method with three ratios of antibiotic: plant extract (...
